150:
3150:
814:
25:
821:
461:"Security" is a new characteristic with subcharacteristics of "confidentiality" (data accessible only by those authorized), "integrity" (protection from unauthorized modification), "non-repudiation" (actions can be proven to have taken place), "accountability" (actions can be traced to who did them), and "authenticity" (identity can be proved to be the one claimed).
158:
of "success". By clarifying, then agreeing on the project priorities and subsequently converting abstract priorities (compliance) to measurable values (output data can be validated against schema X with zero intervention), ISO/IEC 9126 tries to develop a common understanding of the project's objectives and goals.
353:
The standard provides a framework for organizations to define a quality model for a software product. On doing so, however, it leaves up to each organization the task of specifying precisely its own model. This may be done, for example, by specifying target values for quality metrics which evaluates
157:
The fundamental objective of the ISO/IEC 9126 standard is to address some of the well-known human biases that can adversely affect the delivery and perception of a software development project. These biases include changing priorities after the start of a project or not having any clear definitions
446:"Functionality" is renamed "functional suitability". "Functional completeness" is added as a subcharacteristic, and "interoperability" and "security" are moved elsewhere. "Accuracy" is renamed "functional correctness", and "suitability" is renamed "functional appropriateness".
345:
Each quality sub-characteristic (e.g. adaptability) is further divided into attributes. An attribute is an entity which can be verified or measured in the software product. Attributes are not defined in the standard, as they vary between different software products.
455:"Usability" has new subcharacteristics of "user error protection" and "accessibility" (use by people with a wide range of characteristics). "Understandability" is renamed "appropriateness recognizability", and "attractiveness" is renamed "user interface aesthetics".
349:
Software product is defined in a broad sense: it encompasses executables, source code, architecture descriptions, and so on. As a result, the notion of user extends to operators as well as to programmers, which are users of components such as software libraries.
473:
422::2011 Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - System and software quality models. Compared to 9126, "security" and "compatibility" were added as main characteristics.
464:"Maintainability" has new subcharacteristics of "modularity" (changes in one component have a minimal impact on others) and "reusability"; "changeability" and "stability" are rolled up into "modifiability".
378:
Quality-in-use metrics are only available when the final product is used in real conditions. Ideally, the internal quality determines the external quality and external quality determines quality in use.
3819:
2476:
442:, which supersedes ISO/IEC 9126-1, was issued in March 2011. ISO 25010 has eight product quality characteristics (in contrast to ISO 9126's six), and 31 subcharacteristics.
382:
This standard stems from the GE model for describing software quality, presented in 1977 by McCall et al., which is organized around three types of quality characteristic:
194:- "A set of attributes that bear on the existence of a set of functions and their specified properties. The functions are those that satisfy stated or implied needs."
571:
ISO/IEC 25010:2011 : Systems and software engineering -- Systems and software
Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) -- System and software quality models
278:- "A set of attributes that bear on the relationship between the level of performance of the software and the amount of resources used, under stated conditions."
582:
Scalet et al., 2000: ISO/IEC 9126 and 14598 integration aspects: A Brazilian viewpoint. The Second World
Congress on Software Quality, Yokohama, Japan, 2000.
404:
is "The nonfulfilment of specified requirements". A similar distinction is made between validation and verification, known as V&V in the testing trade.
434:(Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation), a more extensive series of standards to replace ISO/IEC 9126, with numbers of the form ISO/IEC 250
225:- "A set of attributes that bear on the capability of software to maintain its level of performance under stated conditions for a stated period of time."
3689:
1988:
46:
39:
3684:
1983:
249:- "A set of attributes that bear on the effort needed for use, and on the individual assessment of such use, by a stated or implied set of users."
3186:
2205:
1993:
1488:
866:
197:
541:
Systems and software engineering -- Systems and software
Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) -- System and software quality model
1710:
452:"Compatibility" is a new characteristic, with "co-existence" moved from "portability" and "interoperability" moved from "functionality".
607:
472:
2680:
4043:
2785:
2705:
2496:
2491:
2337:
2503:
857:
3493:
3036:
1226:
1398:
89:
3794:
3105:
2906:
2429:
1812:
1403:
1373:
61:
4074:
3179:
2750:
2080:
1877:
569:
554:
1201:
662:
68:
2277:
1301:
824:
773:
108:
2841:
2013:
1857:
768:
324:- "A set of attributes that bear on the ability of software to be transferred from one environment to another."
75:
3939:
3172:
2936:
2931:
2690:
2638:
718:
600:
3699:
3229:
2730:
2060:
1573:
1221:
738:
733:
57:
3075:
2553:
850:
789:
687:
499:
4069:
3614:
3609:
3311:
3239:
2735:
2643:
2593:
2352:
1685:
1680:
1079:
799:
504:
642:
4064:
3001:
2946:
2725:
2710:
1968:
1388:
884:
647:
593:
415:
On June 15, 2001, ISO/IEC 9126:1991 was replaced by ISO/IEC 9126:2001 (four parts 9126โ1 to 9126โ4).
3964:
3049:
2956:
2745:
2720:
1932:
1927:
794:
3604:
2603:
2145:
2135:
2130:
1705:
1690:
1630:
1064:
1059:
1019:
708:
35:
3153:
2921:
2911:
2040:
1458:
1039:
843:
743:
728:
723:
389:
Criteria (to build): They describe the internal view of the software, as seen by the developer.
274:
128:
392:
Metrics (to control): They are defined and used to provide a scale and method for measurement.
386:
Factors (to specify): They describe the external view of the software, as viewed by the users.
3744:
3634:
3195:
2342:
1852:
1074:
1044:
937:
927:
888:
880:
539:
449:"Efficiency" is renamed "performance efficiency". "Capacity" is added as a subcharactersitic.
82:
4012:
3979:
3844:
3413:
3100:
3006:
2740:
2715:
2558:
2399:
2150:
1837:
1640:
1513:
1296:
672:
652:
320:
183:
The quality model presented in the first part of the standard, ISO/IEC 9126-1, classifies
8:
3944:
2941:
297:- "A set of attributes that bear on the effort needed to make specified modifications."
3919:
3899:
2886:
2821:
1161:
514:
1715:
677:
362:
Internal metrics are those which do not rely on software execution (static measure).
210:
458:"Reliability" has a new subcharacteristic of "availability" (when required for use).
3569:
2449:
2190:
1518:
835:
616:
519:
205:
184:
136:
221:
3799:
3059:
2780:
2685:
2439:
2367:
2362:
2357:
1842:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
637:
293:
231:
2347:
2095:
1907:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1094:
1084:
682:
4058:
4022:
4017:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3959:
3954:
3909:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3849:
3829:
3824:
3814:
3789:
3779:
3769:
3734:
3729:
3719:
3714:
3704:
3679:
3674:
3135:
3110:
3095:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
2856:
2801:
2770:
2760:
2623:
2613:
2583:
2578:
2528:
2508:
2486:
2471:
2424:
2389:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2195:
2140:
2115:
2110:
2090:
1963:
1503:
942:
912:
141:
3969:
3949:
3669:
3644:
3624:
3619:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3254:
2996:
2966:
2826:
2170:
2165:
2028:
2023:
2018:
1937:
1882:
1765:
1720:
1695:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1563:
1528:
1438:
1433:
1261:
1069:
713:
255:
187:
in a structured set of characteristics and sub-characteristics as follows:
489:
3544:
3336:
3306:
3299:
3294:
2971:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2242:
2159:
1131:
667:
657:
309:
260:
149:
3914:
3839:
3754:
3694:
2961:
2866:
2573:
2548:
2312:
2267:
2003:
1660:
1473:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1316:
1291:
1166:
922:
132:
4027:
3804:
3739:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3090:
3080:
3041:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2861:
2851:
2836:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2755:
2700:
2695:
2675:
2653:
2633:
2588:
2568:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2481:
2444:
2434:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2394:
2379:
2374:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2237:
2232:
2180:
2175:
2155:
2125:
2100:
2085:
2055:
2008:
1998:
1978:
1973:
1958:
1953:
1867:
1588:
1583:
1478:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
703:
245:
400:
being "The nonfulfilment of intended usage requirements", whereas a
24:
3879:
3453:
3433:
3393:
3348:
3279:
3224:
2765:
2543:
2247:
2075:
1912:
1902:
1887:
1862:
1847:
1822:
1817:
1700:
1675:
1670:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1600:
1595:
1578:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1508:
1498:
1493:
1483:
1468:
1463:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1393:
1378:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1306:
1286:
1281:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1206:
1196:
1089:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
585:
494:
396:
ISO/IEC 9126 distinguishes between a defect and a nonconformity, a
3904:
3869:
3859:
3428:
3341:
3054:
2846:
2831:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2384:
2200:
2045:
2033:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1099:
1054:
1049:
1034:
1029:
1024:
3164:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3834:
3774:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3709:
3659:
2916:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2563:
2538:
2466:
2322:
2307:
2287:
2282:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2105:
2070:
1917:
1568:
1383:
947:
509:
556:
Software engineering โ Product quality โ Part 1: Quality model
3784:
3664:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3549:
3478:
2951:
2926:
2648:
2533:
2404:
2185:
2050:
1922:
1897:
1892:
1872:
1246:
1216:
1211:
932:
917:
907:
902:
3809:
3724:
3321:
2598:
2461:
2454:
2120:
2065:
1665:
1276:
484:
3503:
3085:
2775:
1827:
418:
On March 1, 2011, ISO/IEC 9126 was replaced by ISO/IEC
438:. For instance, ISO/IEC 25000 was issued in 2005, and
370:
External metrics are applicable to running software.
865:
467:"Portability" has "co-existence" moved elsewhere.
4056:
412:ISO/IEC 9126 was issued on December 19, 1991.
354:the degree of presence of quality attributes.
3180:
851:
601:
3187:
3173:
858:
844:
608:
594:
153:The quality criteria according to ISO 9126
4044:International Electrotechnical Commission
373:
161:The standard is divided into four parts:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
148:
4057:
125:Software engineering โ Product quality
45:Please improve this article by adding
3168:
839:
589:
820:
615:
18:
365:
357:
13:
14:
4086:
3194:
774:List of system quality attributes
3149:
3148:
819:
813:
812:
471:
23:
425:
562:
547:
532:
1:
525:
430:ISO/IEC then started work on
47:secondary or tertiary sources
7:
790:Software quality management
769:Non-functional requirements
505:Non-functional requirements
500:Verification and Validation
478:
16:Former ISO and IEC standard
10:
4091:
4075:ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 standards
800:Software quality assurance
407:
314:Maintainability compliance
178:
139:. It has been replaced by
4036:
3537:
3202:
3144:
3068:
2794:
1946:
895:
877:
808:
782:
756:
696:
630:
623:
795:Software quality control
215:Functionality compliance
174:quality in use metrics.
374:Quality-in-use metrics
339:Portability compliance
239:Reliability compliance
154:
129:international standard
34:relies excessively on
287:Efficiency compliance
152:
284:Resource utilization
268:Usability compliance
757:Standards and lists
871:by standard number
515:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7
155:
4070:ISO/IEC standards
4052:
4051:
3162:
3161:
885:ISO romanizations
833:
832:
752:
751:
678:Understandability
252:Understandability
119:
118:
111:
93:
4082:
4065:Software quality
3189:
3182:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3152:
3151:
872:
860:
853:
846:
837:
836:
823:
822:
816:
815:
628:
627:
617:Software quality
610:
603:
596:
587:
586:
575:
574:
566:
560:
559:
551:
545:
544:
536:
520:Software quality
475:
366:External metrics
358:Internal Metrics
206:Interoperability
185:software quality
171:internal metrics
168:external metrics
137:software quality
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4032:
3533:
3198:
3193:
3163:
3158:
3140:
3064:
2790:
1942:
891:
873:
870:
864:
834:
829:
804:
778:
748:
692:
643:Maintainability
619:
614:
579:
578:
568:
567:
563:
553:
552:
548:
538:
537:
533:
528:
481:
428:
410:
376:
368:
360:
294:Maintainability
232:Fault tolerance
181:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
44:
40:primary sources
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
897:
893:
892:
878:
875:
874:
863:
862:
855:
848:
840:
831:
830:
828:
827:
817:
809:
806:
805:
803:
802:
797:
792:
786:
784:
780:
779:
777:
776:
771:
766:
760:
758:
754:
753:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
698:
694:
693:
691:
690:
685:
683:Loose coupling
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
634:
632:
625:
621:
620:
613:
612:
605:
598:
590:
584:
583:
577:
576:
561:
546:
530:
529:
527:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
480:
477:
469:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
427:
424:
409:
406:
394:
393:
390:
387:
375:
372:
367:
364:
359:
356:
343:
342:
341:
340:
337:
336:Replaceability
334:
331:
330:Installability
328:
317:
316:
315:
312:
307:
304:
301:
290:
289:
288:
285:
282:
281:Time behaviour
271:
270:
269:
266:
265:Attractiveness
263:
258:
253:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:Recoverability
234:
229:
218:
217:
216:
213:
208:
203:
200:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
117:
116:
58:"ISO/IEC 9126"
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4087:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:IEC standards
3190:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3155:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
894:
890:
889:IEC standards
886:
882:
881:ISO standards
876:
868:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
841:
838:
826:
818:
811:
810:
807:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
785:
781:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
759:
755:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
695:
689:
688:Orthogonality
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
633:
629:
626:
622:
618:
611:
606:
604:
599:
597:
592:
591:
588:
581:
580:
573:
572:
565:
558:
557:
550:
543:
542:
535:
531:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:ISO/IEC 25010
488:
486:
483:
482:
476:
474:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:
443:
441:
440:ISO/IEC 25010
437:
433:
423:
421:
416:
413:
405:
403:
402:nonconformity
399:
391:
388:
385:
384:
383:
380:
371:
363:
355:
351:
347:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
323:
322:
318:
313:
311:
308:
305:
303:Changeability
302:
300:Analyzability
299:
298:
296:
295:
291:
286:
283:
280:
279:
277:
276:
272:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
251:
250:
248:
247:
243:
238:
235:
233:
230:
227:
226:
224:
223:
219:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
193:
192:Functionality
190:
189:
188:
186:
173:
170:
167:
165:quality model
164:
163:
162:
159:
151:
147:
145:
143:
142:ISO/IEC 25010
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: โ
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3980:27000-series
3629:
3007:27000 series
1832:
764:ISO/IEC 9126
763:
714:Adaptability
570:
564:
555:
549:
540:
534:
470:
439:
435:
431:
429:
426:Developments
419:
417:
414:
411:
401:
397:
395:
381:
377:
369:
361:
352:
348:
344:
333:Co-existence
327:Adaptability
319:
292:
273:
256:Learnability
244:
220:
191:
182:
160:
156:
140:
124:
122:ISO/IEC 9126
121:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
2795:20000โ29999
1947:10000โ19999
719:Correctness
709:Reliability
673:Testability
668:Scalability
663:Readability
658:Reusability
653:Portability
648:Flexibility
321:Portability
310:Testability
261:Operability
222:Reliability
198:Suitability
99:August 2020
4059:Categories
2574:16949 (TS)
2171:11941 (TR)
869:standards
734:Robustness
729:Efficiency
526:References
275:Efficiency
133:evaluation
69:newspapers
36:references
2529:15926 WIP
1893:9592/9593
1818:9000/9001
1706:8805/8806
783:Processes
704:Usability
624:Qualities
306:Stability
246:Usability
3154:Category
879:List of
739:Security
724:Accuracy
697:External
631:Internal
495:ISO 9000
479:See also
228:Maturity
211:Security
202:Accuracy
131:for the
4037:Related
3750:13522-5
3538:ISO/IEC
3429:62014-4
3342:61131-9
3337:61131-3
3307:60906-1
3300:60870-6
3295:60870-5
3055:29199-2
2927:23094-2
2922:23094-1
2912:23090-3
2781:19794-5
2776:19775-1
2564:16612-2
2554:16355-1
2243:13406-2
2201:12234-2
1969:10118-3
825:Commons
408:History
179:Quality
127:was an
83:scholar
3069:30000+
1908:9797-1
1716:8820-5
1661:8501-1
1217:1073-2
1212:1073-1
896:1โ9999
744:Safety
510:Squale
432:SQuaRE
398:defect
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4028:81346
4023:80000
4018:42010
4013:39075
4008:38500
4003:33001
3998:29119
3994:29110
3990:27040
3985:27002
3975:27000
3970:26300
3965:24752
3960:24744
3955:24727
3950:24707
3945:23360
3940:23270
3935:23008
3930:23003
3925:23000
3920:22537
3915:22275
3910:21827
3905:21000
3900:20802
3895:20000
3890:19788
3885:19770
3880:19757
3875:19752
3870:18181
3865:18014
3860:18004
3855:17025
3850:17024
3845:16485
3840:16262
3835:15938
3830:15897
3825:15693
3820:15511
3815:15504
3810:15445
3805:15444
3800:15408
3795:15291
3790:15288
3785:14882
3780:14651
3775:14496
3770:14443
3765:13818
3760:13816
3755:13568
3745:13346
3740:13250
3735:12207
3730:11801
3725:11544
3720:11404
3715:11179
3710:11172
3705:10967
3700:10646
3695:10279
3690:10179
3685:10165
3680:10116
3675:10021
3529:63382
3524:63119
3519:63110
3514:62700
3509:62682
3504:62680
3499:62455
3494:62386
3489:62379
3484:62366
3479:62365
3474:62351
3469:62325
3464:62304
3459:62264
3454:62262
3449:62196
3444:62061
3439:62056
3434:62026
3424:61970
3419:61968
3414:61960
3409:61883
3404:61851
3399:61850
3394:61784
3389:61511
3384:61508
3379:61499
3374:61400
3369:61360
3364:61355
3359:61334
3354:61162
3349:61158
3332:61131
3327:61030
3322:60958
3317:60929
3312:60908
3290:60870
3285:60601
3280:60559
3275:60446
3270:60364
3265:60320
3260:60309
3255:60297
3250:60269
3245:60228
3240:60112
3235:60068
3230:60063
3225:60062
3220:60038
3215:60034
3210:60027
3136:80000
3131:56000
3126:55000
3121:50001
3116:45001
3111:42010
3106:40500
3101:39075
3096:38500
3091:37001
3086:32000
3081:31000
3076:30170
3060:29500
3050:29148
3046:29110
3042:28000
3037:27729
3032:27006
3027:27005
3022:27002
3017:27001
3012:27000
3002:26324
2997:26300
2992:26262
2987:26000
2982:25964
2977:25178
2972:24728
2967:24707
2962:24617
2957:24613
2952:24517
2947:23941
2942:23360
2937:23271
2932:23270
2917:23092
2907:23009
2902:23008
2897:23003
2892:23000
2887:22537
2882:22395
2877:22301
2872:22300
2867:22275
2862:22000
2857:21827
2852:21500
2847:21122
2842:21047
2837:21001
2832:21000
2827:20830
2822:20802
2817:20400
2812:20121
2807:20022
2802:20000
2786:19831
2771:19770
2766:19757
2761:19752
2756:19600
2751:19510
2746:19509
2741:19508
2736:19507
2731:19506
2726:19505
2721:19503
2716:19502
2711:19501
2706:19500
2701:19439
2696:19407
2691:19136
2686:19125
2681:19115
2676:19114
2659:19092
2654:19011
2649:19005
2644:18916
2639:18629
2634:18245
2629:18181
2624:18014
2619:18004
2614:17799
2609:17506
2604:17442
2599:17369
2594:17203
2589:17100
2584:17025
2579:17024
2569:16750
2559:16485
2549:16262
2544:16023
2539:15938
2534:15930
2524:15926
2519:15924
2514:15919
2509:15897
2504:15707
2492:15706
2487:15693
2482:15686
2477:15511
2472:15504
2467:15438
2462:15445
2445:15444
2440:15408
2435:15398
2430:15291
2425:15288
2420:15189
2415:15022
2410:14971
2405:14882
2400:14764
2395:14698
2390:14651
2385:14649
2380:14644
2375:14617
2323:14496
2318:14443
2313:14396
2308:14289
2303:14224
2298:14031
2293:14000
2288:13818
2283:13816
2278:13616
2273:13584
2268:13568
2263:13567
2258:13490
2253:13485
2248:13450
2238:13399
2233:13250
2228:13216
2211:13211
2206:12620
2196:12207
2191:12182
2186:12052
2181:12006
2176:11992
2166:11941
2156:11940
2151:11898
2146:11889
2141:11801
2136:11785
2131:11784
2126:11783
2121:11544
2116:11404
2111:11179
2106:11172
2101:11170
2096:11073
2091:10967
2086:10962
2081:10957
2076:10861
2071:10746
2066:10664
2061:10646
2056:10628
2051:10589
2046:10585
2041:10383
2009:10303
2004:10279
1999:10218
1994:10206
1989:10179
1984:10165
1979:10161
1974:10160
1964:10116
1959:10007
1954:10006
420:25010
144::2011
90:JSTOR
76:books
3670:9995
3665:9945
3660:9899
3655:9593
3650:9592
3645:9529
3640:9496
3635:9293
3630:9126
3625:8859
3620:8652
3615:8632
3610:8613
3605:7942
3600:7816
3595:7813
3590:7812
3585:7811
3580:7810
3575:6523
3570:6429
3565:5218
3560:4909
3555:2022
3550:1989
2034:-238
1938:9995
1933:9985
1928:9984
1923:9945
1918:9899
1913:9897
1903:9660
1898:9594
1888:9564
1883:9529
1878:9506
1873:9496
1868:9407
1863:9362
1858:9314
1853:9293
1848:9241
1843:9227
1838:9141
1833:9126
1828:9075
1823:9036
1813:8879
1766:-8-I
1721:8859
1711:8807
1701:8691
1696:8652
1691:8651
1686:8632
1681:8613
1676:8601
1671:8583
1666:8571
1656:8373
1651:8217
1646:8178
1641:8093
1636:8000
1631:7942
1626:7816
1621:7813
1616:7812
1611:7811
1606:7810
1601:7736
1596:7637
1584:7498
1579:7200
1574:7185
1569:7098
1564:7064
1559:7027
1554:7010
1549:7002
1544:7001
1539:6943
1534:6709
1529:6523
1524:6438
1519:6429
1514:6425
1509:6385
1504:6373
1499:6346
1494:6344
1489:6166
1484:5964
1479:5807
1474:5800
1469:5776
1464:5775
1459:5725
1454:5428
1449:5427
1444:5426
1439:5218
1434:4909
1429:4217
1424:4165
1419:4157
1414:4031
1409:3977
1404:3950
1399:3901
1394:3864
1389:3602
1384:3601
1379:3307
1374:3297
1352:3166
1347:3103
1342:3029
1337:2921
1332:2852
1327:2848
1322:2788
1317:2720
1312:2711
1307:2709
1302:2533
1297:2281
1292:2240
1287:2146
1282:2145
1277:2108
1272:2047
1267:2033
1262:2022
1257:2015
1252:2014
1247:1989
1242:1745
1237:1629
1232:1538
1227:1413
1222:1155
1207:1007
1202:1004
1197:1000
1020:68-1
638:Size
485:CISQ
62:news
3545:646
3203:IEC
2368:-20
2363:-17
2358:-14
2353:-12
2348:-11
2343:-10
2029:-28
2024:-22
2019:-21
2014:-11
1806:-16
1801:-15
1796:-14
1791:-13
1786:-12
1781:-11
1776:-10
1192:999
1187:965
1182:898
1177:860
1172:843
1167:838
1162:764
1157:732
1152:704
1147:690
1142:668
1137:657
1132:646
1100:639
1095:519
1090:518
1085:500
1080:361
1075:306
1070:302
1065:262
1060:261
1055:259
1050:233
1045:228
1040:226
1035:217
1030:216
1025:128
1013:-13
1008:-12
1003:-11
998:-10
867:ISO
146:.
135:of
38:to
4061::
2669:-2
2664:-1
2497:-2
2455:-9
2450:-3
2338:-6
2333:-3
2328:-2
2221:-2
2216:-1
2160:-2
1771:-9
1761:-8
1756:-7
1751:-6
1746:-5
1741:-4
1736:-3
1731:-2
1726:-1
1589:-1
1367:-3
1362:-2
1357:-1
1125:-6
1120:-5
1115:-3
1110:-2
1105:-1
993:-9
988:-8
983:-7
978:-6
973:-5
968:-4
963:-3
958:-1
953:-0
948:31
943:17
938:16
887:โ
883:โ
436:mn
49:.
3188:e
3181:t
3174:v
2162:)
2158:(
933:9
928:7
923:6
918:4
913:3
908:2
903:1
859:e
852:t
845:v
609:e
602:t
595:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:ยท
80:ยท
73:ยท
66:ยท
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.