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Maryam; Afshinnekoo, Ebrahim; Ahadi, Sara; Ambati, Aditya; Arya, Maneesh; Bezdan, Daniela; Callahan, Colin M.; Chen, Songjie; Choi, Augustine M. K.; Chlipala, George E.; Contrepois, Kévin; Covington, Marisa; Crucian, Brian E.; De Vivo, Immaculata; Dinges, David F.; Ebert, Douglas J.; Feinberg, Jason I.; Gandara, Jorge A.; George, Kerry A.; Goutsias, John; Grills, George S.; Hargens, Alan R.; Heer, Martina; Hillary, Ryan P.; Hoofnagle, Andrew N.; Hook, Vivian Y. H.; Jenkinson, Garrett; Jiang, Peng; Keshavarzian, Ali; Laurie, Steven S.; Lee-McMullen, Brittany; Lumpkins, Sarah B.; MacKay, Matthew; Maienschein-Cline, Mark G.; Melnick, Ari M.; Moore, Tyler M.; Nakahira, Kiichi; Patel, Hemal H.; Pietrzyk, Robert; Rao, Varsha; Saito, Rintaro; Salins, Denis N.; Schilling, Jan M.; Sears, Dorothy D.; Sheridan, Caroline K.; Stenger, Michael B.; Tryggvadottir, Rakel; Urban, Alexander E.; Vaisar, Tomas; Van Espen, Benjamin; Zhang, Jing; Ziegler, Michael G.; Zwart, Sara R.; Charles, John B.; Kundrot, Craig E.; Scott, Graham B. I.; Bailey, Susan M.; Basner, Mathias; Feinberg, Andrew P.; Lee, Stuart M. C.; Mason, Christopher E.; Mignot, Emmanuel; Rana, Brinda K.; Smith, Scott M.; Snyder, Michael P.; Turek, Fred W. (2019-04-12).
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491:. In addition, some factors were significantly affected by the stress of returning to Earth, including inflammation cytokines and immune response gene networks, as well as cognitive performance. For a few measures, persistent changes were observed even after 6 months on Earth, including some genes’ expression levels, increased DNA damage from
1088:
Garrett-Bakelman, Francine E.; Darshi, Manjula; Green, Stefan J.; Gur, Ruben C.; Lin, Ling; Macias, Brandon R.; McKenna, Miles J.; Meydan, Cem; Mishra, Tejaswini; Nasrini, Jad; Piening, Brian D.; Rizzardi, Lindsay F.; Sharma, Kumar; Siamwala, Jamila H.; Taylor, Lynn; Vitaterna, Martha Hotz; Afkarian,
361:
The goal aboard the orbiting laboratory was to understand better how the human body reacts and adapts to the harsh environment of space. Data from the mission was used to improve assessments of crew performance and health. They worked to develop and validate better countermeasures against the risks
428:
The study also required the astronauts to keep a journal, and investigated the psychological effects of living in a confined space for an extended length of time. Kornienko said of his experiences on
Expedition 23/24: "The thing you miss there most of all is the Earth itself, I missed smells. I
462:
of the study, nor changes in some other mechanisms, but did find: "significant changes in multiple data types were observed in association with the spaceflight period; the majority of these eventually returned to a preflight state within the time period of the study. These included changes in
529:
and unwelcome side effects. One problem may be the low gravity affecting the body in unforeseen ways and it can be hard to detect the cause and effect of gravity on the body. Space seems to cause trouble for a number of body parts including bone, sometimes the eyes, and a classic problem is
901:"Scott Kelly Spent a Year in Orbit. His Body Is Not Quite the Same - NASA scientists compared the astronaut to his earthbound twin, Mark. The results hint at what humans will have to endure on long journeys through space"
429:
missed trees, I even dreamt of them. I even hallucinated. I thought I smelled a real fire and something being barbecued on it! I ended up putting pictures of trees on the walls to cheer up. You do miss the Earth there."
346:(Roscosmos), and their international partners selected two veteran spacefarers for a one-year mission aboard the International Space Station in 2015. The mission included collecting scientific data important to future
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On 12 April 2019, NASA reported medical results, from the NASA Twins study, which demonstrated several long-lasting changes, including those related to alterations in
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were studied for changes in the health of a body in space compared to a body on earth. A variety of mechanisms in the human body were analyzed, notably
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of the Solar System. Kelly and
Korniyenko already had an indirect connection: Kelly was a backup crew member for the station's
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environment. Weightlessness causes body fluids in astronauts to accumulate in the upper half of the body, leading to facial
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spent 340 days in space, with scientists performing medical experiments. Kelly and
Kornienko launched on 27 March 2015 on
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length, body mass, eye and bone deformation, and immune response. The study found no significant changes in
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Mark and Scott Kelly were studied for changes in the health of a body in space compared to a body on earth.
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holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman at around 328 days. In March 2022, NASA's
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694:"Meet the Twins Unlocking the Secrets of Space: NASA's One-Year Mission with Mark and Scott Kelly"
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296:. The mission supported the NASA Twins study, which helps shed light on the health effects of
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which demonstrated several long-lasting changes, including those related to alterations in
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1091:"The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight"
932:"The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight"
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NASA - One-Year
Mission Investigators Debut Preliminary Results at NASA Workshop
1040:"Record-breaking astronauts return to Earth – taking us one step closer to Mars"
818:"One-Year ISS Mission Preview: 28 Experiments, 4 Expeditions and 2 Crew Members"
613:
Prior to the Year Long
Mission, the longest mission on the ISS was 215 days, by
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740:"Soyuz spacecraft with Russian, US astronauts blasts off for year-long mission"
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1182:"Last Human to Spend a Year in Space Discusses Upcoming ISS One Year Mission"
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Scott stated that he missed feeling changes in the weather while on the ISS.
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842:"One-Year Crew Returns from Space Station March 1; Live Coverage on NASA TV"
495:, increased numbers of short telomeres, and attenuated cognitive function."
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718:"Historic yearlong mission crew launches to space station on Soyuz TMA-16M"
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1222:"NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, Russian cosmonauts return safely to Earth"
1101:(6436). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 127.
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The
International Space Station developed exercise equipment, including
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1018:"NASA, Roscosmos Assign Veteran Crew to Yearlong Space Station Mission"
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790:"U.S., Russian crew blasts off for year-long stay on space station"
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Research project of the health effects of being in space long term
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1064:"Crew of First Yearlong Expedition Aboard ISS Previews Mission"
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Garrett-Bakeman, Francine E.; et al. (12 April 2019).
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List of spaceflight records § Duration of spaceflight
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On 12 April 2019, NASA reported medical results from the
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Psychological and sociological effects of space flight
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crews, where
Korniyenko served as a flight engineer.
765:"Soyuz rocket launches yearlong space station crew"
633:landed following 355 days in space as part of ISS
463:telomere length, gene regulation measured in both
994:"Year-long mission the next step for Kelly, NASA"
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544:Longest time spent in space by other astronauts
1282:Expeditions to the International Space Station
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1156:"Staying Put on Earth, Taking a Step to Mars"
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425:, when one twin was compared with the other.
319:, when one twin was compared with the other.
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868:"First Look at Findings of NASA Twins Study"
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362:associated with future missions around the
248:(ideally suited for the experiment as the
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1220:Davenport, Christian (March 30, 2022).
1207:"Christina Hammock Koch NASA Astronaut"
606:spent 437 days on Mir in 1994-1995 and
505:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
499:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
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602:from December 1987 to December 1988.
610:spent 379 days on Mir in 1998-1999.
563:spacecraft is seen as it lands with
381:
244:of long-term spaceflight. Astronaut
1154:Schwirtz, Michael (30 March 2009).
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1038:Chris Arridge (12 September 2015).
744:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
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548:For a more comprehensive list, see
288:on March 2, 2016, returning aboard
13:
483:thickness and peripapillary total
435:
14:
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208:Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko
866:Gushanas, Timothy (2017-01-30).
652:Timeline of longest spaceflights
517:and resistance devices to limit
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571:of NASA and Russian cosmonauts
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692:Jeffrey Kluger (18 Dec 2014).
685:
587:, on Wednesday, March 2, 2016.
579:of Roscosmos near the town of
1:
816:Jason Davis (25 March 2015).
788:Irene Klotz (27 March 2015).
763:Brooks Hays (27 March 2015).
720:. collectSPACE. 27 March 2015
667:
344:Russian Federal Space Agency
322:
284:. The pair safely landed in
7:
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598:spent 365 days in space on
458:production after the first
300:, which is of interest for
238:International Space Station
234:scientific research project
72:International Space Station
10:
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769:United Press International
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475:composition, body weight,
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268:. The mission encompassed
1188:. ReelNASA. 26 March 2015
298:long-duration spaceflight
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1020:. NASA. 26 November 2012
33:Long-duration expedition
1115:10.1126/science.aau8650
1070:. NASA. 16 January 2015
958:10.1126/science.aau8650
1209:. NASA. April 3, 2023.
623:Christina Hammock Koch
588:
539:Spaceflight osteopenia
493:chromosomal inversions
479:dimensions, subfoveal
335:
822:The Planetary Society
738:AFP (27 March 2015).
662:Human mission to Mars
619:Michael López-Alegría
558:
537:Further information:
487:thickness, and serum
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232:was an 11-month-long
230:ISS year-long mission
81:March 27, 2015, 19:42
20:ISS year-long mission
635:Expeditions 64/65/66
240:, which studied the
97:March 2, 2016, 04:25
1292:2016 in spaceflight
1287:2015 in spaceflight
1107:2019Sci...364.8650G
950:2019Sci...364.8650G
657:Spaceflight records
101:2016-03-02UTC04:26Z
85:2015-03-27UTC19:42Z
21:
1268:(January 30, 2017)
944:(6436): eaau8650.
906:The New York Times
589:
397:. You can help by
338:In November 2012,
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163:Mikhail Korniyenko
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998:Houston Chronicle
992:(20 March 2015).
899:(12 April 2019).
627:Mark T. Vande Hei
573:Mikhail Kornienko
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348:human exploration
258:Mikhail Kornienko
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477:carotid artery
473:gut microbiome
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242:health effects
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406:February 2020
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393:This section
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352:Expedition 23
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302:Mars missions
299:
295:
294:Sergey Volkov
291:
290:Soyuz TMA-18M
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262:Soyuz TMA-16M
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220: →
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218:Expedition 47
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213:Expedition 42
211:←
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1239:. Retrieved
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897:Zimmer, Carl
877:. Retrieved
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848:. 2016-02-24
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631:Pyotr Dubrov
612:
596:Musa Manarov
590:
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399:adding to it
394:
360:
337:
308:
306:
304:especially.
229:
227:
29:Mission type
990:Eric Berger
569:Scott Kelly
523:low gravity
489:metabolites
460:vaccination
448:Scott Kelly
264:along with
246:Scott Kelly
236:aboard the
158:Scott Kelly
42:340d 8h 43m
1276:Categories
1192:2015-12-14
1167:2009-04-15
1074:2015-12-14
1049:2015-12-14
1024:2012-11-26
1003:2015-12-14
879:2017-02-03
852:2016-02-25
827:2015-12-14
799:2015-12-14
774:2015-12-14
749:2015-12-14
724:2015-12-14
703:2015-12-14
681:Spacefacts
668:References
585:Kazakhstan
581:Zhezkazgan
567:commander
515:treadmills
503:See also:
465:epigenetic
444:Mark Kelly
286:Kazakhstan
254:Mark Kelly
63:Expedition
1241:March 30,
1236:0190-8286
1123:0036-8075
481:choroidal
423:cognition
368:asteroids
323:Selection
317:cognition
143:Crew size
105: UTC
89: UTC
1141:30975860
976:30975860
912:12 April
846:Nasa.gov
641:See also
452:telomere
185:duration
1186:YouTube
1132:7580864
1103:Bibcode
1095:Science
1068:YouTube
967:7580864
946:Bibcode
937:Science
794:Reuters
485:retinal
378:Results
151:Members
99: (
83: (
1262:- NASA
1234:
1139:
1129:
1121:
974:
964:
471:data,
456:T cell
342:, the
188:23h54m
50:5,356
527:edema
521:in a
292:with
94:Ended
78:Began
1243:2022
1232:ISSN
1137:PMID
1119:ISSN
972:PMID
914:2019
873:NASA
698:Time
617:and
594:and
575:and
559:The
507:and
467:and
446:and
421:and
372:Mars
364:Moon
340:NASA
315:and
280:and
228:The
173:EVAs
138:Crew
1127:PMC
1111:doi
1099:364
962:PMC
954:doi
942:364
600:Mir
419:DNA
401:.
313:DNA
252:of
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