382:. This led to an investigation in which four Turkish men were arrested. They were alleged to have strangled Caldwell at a Turkish café in Glasgow before dumping her body in the woods. The investigation became the most expensive in Strathclyde Police's history (totalling £4 million), with extensive audio and visual surveillance of the men. The men were said to have been regular users of prostitutes, and were said to have brought prostitutes to their cafe where they also drank, gambled, and used drugs. Further evidence emerged when a search found a speck of blood identified as being from Caldwell, and one of the last 'pings' on her mobile phone was linked to a location near the cafe. Officers also searched the home of a barber who was an amateur musician who played at the cafe at times, where they found a cable that the police believed was almost identical to that found on Caldwell's body. One of the men was later arrested and convicted of
470:
Caldwell in April 2005. He said "the most compelling of all was the place where her body was found, there is nothing to suggest that anyone other than Packer had a predilection for strangling sex workers in
Limefield Woods. There are 16 sex workers who have accused Packer of being violent towards them. A further 11 women have accused him of grabbing their throats and trying to throttle them. He finished by saying that the prosecution believed that the strangulation and the murder of Caldwell was the most horrifying chapter in what the evidence tells us was Packer's appalling course of sexual violence towards women that lasted over a period of two decades."
398:(which had merged all of Scotland's police forces into one) for £100,000 where he settled out of court for damages for wrongful arrest and 80 days on remand. A detective working on the case said that the investigation had been a "colossal waste of money" and he believed that the investigation continued because senior officials in Strathclyde police wanted a conviction due to the record sums spent on the investigation. Another former detective said that because the operation against the Turkish men was so big and at such an advanced stage it blinded officers from looking at more realistic suspects.
436:. Packer denied killing Caldwell and said that he had never been violent towards women. Within days of the documentary being broadcast, one of his former partners went to the police to complain that Packer had pushed her onto a bed, put his hands around her throat, choked her to her injury, and to danger of life. Packer later admitted the charge, as well as a charge of stalking and breaching a court order preventing him from contacting the victim. He was convicted and sentenced to jail for two years.
425:. One woman said he usually treated her "like a lady" but on one occasion he became angry when she refused to remove all of her clothes when she was outside. He then apologised to this woman for leaving her "scared". Packer was found to have admitted to the police that he had taken prostitutes to woods in South Lanarkshire, but he was ruled out of the initial investigation.
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steadfast when called and when the walker went to retrieve his dog he realised that she was standing directly beside a dead body, face down in a ditch. In a state of shock he called one of his family members who said in a recorded 999 call that she was in "the middle of nowhere" and could see that the body was unclothed with a
526:
that time, did not get the justice and support they needed and deserved from
Strathclyde Police. We have reflected and learnt from the initial investigation and subsequent re-investigation, significant changes have been made to our organisational culture, response, victim care, and processes for these types of crimes."
347:
addition to a hand – could not be excluded." This could have been the plastic cord or line visible at the back of
Caldwell's neck when she was found. The delayed discovery complicated forensic efforts, hindering DNA recovery. Caldwell's mobile phone, her clothing, and her personal belongings, were never recovered.
454:
to compare soil samples was to analyse the pollen in them. The forest samples and the van samples each contained the same types and quantities of pollen. The court heard there was 99% to 99.99% chance they matched at least three of the six soil samples. During the trial the jurors, court staff, and the judge
525:
A spokesperson from Police
Scotland apologised for the way that Strathclyde Police handled the case. They said "Caldwell, her family, and many other victims were let down by policing in 2005, for that, we are sorry. A significant number of women and girls who showed remarkable courage to speak up at
469:
suggests all the women can't be wrong, that doesn't mean they were all right." The advocate depute for the prosecution said in his closing statement there was "overwhelming" circumstantial evidence to convict Packer. The advocate depute listed 17 circumstances which he said proved Packer murdered Ms
453:
Further evidence was provided that linked Packer with the location where
Caldwell's body was found. Soil samples from around the ditch where Caldwell's body was discovered were compared to soil samples previously taken from the footwell of a van used by Packer. The court heard the "chosen technique"
521:
MSP called for this investigation to be led by someone "separate to and independent from
Scotland's justice system". Sarwar said the case was one in a long line of 'failures' within Scottish institutions, "which too often fight for their reputations rather than be on the side of victims and seek to
449:
documentary if he had raped
Caldwell, he had not been honest when he denied this. He said that he had denied raping Caldwell as Poling had "set him up". He stated that this behaviour made him feel ashamed. However, he maintained that encounters with Caldwell were largely consensual and that he did
444:
On 25 February 2022 Packer was arrested for
Caldwell's murder, 17 years after her death. He initially faced 45 other charges against 27 other women, three men, and one boy. 11 of the charges were of rape. The trial against Packer began in January 2024, with him pleading not guilty to 36 charges of
417:
near where
Caldwell's body was discovered. Women working in the sex industry had complained about Packer in 2005, putting him in a 'Beware Book', which collected warnings from prostitutes about potentially dangerous clients. Numerous women identified Packer and complained about rapes that had been
412:
newspaper published an article naming Iain Packer as a person who had been questioned by the police just weeks after
Caldwell's body was found in 2005. (A police investigation into identifying the sources of the article would later be deemed unlawful.) He was identified by other prostitutes as a
529:
On 5 March 2024 Caldwell's mother met with Humza Yousaf and appealed for a public inquiry into the handling of her daughter's case. The following day Angela Constance announced that there would be an independent public inquiry into the police handling of the investigation. After the inquiry was
374:
found near Limefield Woods, as well as cigarette ends, and condom wrappers, but they did not match the DNA of any suspects or Caldwell. Glasgow had seen seven women who had engaged in prostitution murdered between 1991 and 2005, but only two of these cases had been solved, with accusations that
346:
A pathologist who examined Caldwell's body after it was discovered confirmed the "clearly identifiable" cause of death was compression of the neck. Her report stated "the pattern of injury is more in keeping with manual strangulation, but the application of a ligature – either instead of, or in
393:
The case against the men collapsed when the police officer translating the tapes (who was of Turkish origin) claimed there was evidence the men had discussed the murder of Caldwell. Two specialists who reviewed the tapes said there was no evidence on the tapes that indicated they had discussed
338:
Caldwell's family grew concerned when they could not reach her on 6 April, after arranging to meet and spent weeks searching for her around Glasgow. On 8 May 2005 her body was found at Limefield Woods around 8 miles south west of Biggar, South Lanarkshire by a dog walker. His dog had remained
530:
announced, one of Packer's victims, and an acquaintance of Caldwell, said that she believed several of Caldwell's clients were police officers. She accused police of not investigating Packer for his crimes over fears he would reveal that serving officers were using prostitutes.
450:
not kill her. During further evidence, he also admitted that he had lied to police when he said that he didn't know Caldwell during the initial investigation and said that he visited the general area where Caldwell's body was found, with her, a "maximum" of six times.
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physical and sexual violence against multiple women. During the trial Packer admitted that that he had previously continued having sex with Caldwell when she asked him to stop. Packer admitted that when asked by Samantha Poling in the
369:
on items found on Caldwell's body, but no DNA traces were found. There were traces found on swabs of Caldwell's personal areas, however these were not enough to identify an individual. Tests were also carried out on three used
497:
in response to this, and said officers who worked on the original investigation must answer for their conduct as Packer went on to attack numerous other women. He further stated that "this is the most prolific
313:
region of Glasgow. They saw her weekly and helped her by doing her washing, buying her food, and giving her credit for her phone bill. Caldwell often returned to have Sunday dinners at her family home, now in
42:
980:
143:
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294:, Scotland. Described as having had a "very happy childhood", Caldwell had a keen interest in horses and became a horse riding teacher in her early 20s. When her older sister died of
184:. The investigation of her murder was one of Scotland's longest-running cases, with nineteen years between her death and Packer's imprisonment in 2024 for a minimum term of 36 years.
517:
MSP who said there needed to be a "free and fearless inquiry to get to the bottom of the situation that let killer Iain Packer remain free for 19 years." Scottish Labour leader
477:. Packer was sentenced to a minimum term of 36 years in prison before he would be able to apply for parole, the second longest sentence in Scottish legal history after
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The mother of Caldwell said she had been "betrayed," by the original police investigation, and was "angry," it had taken so long for Packer to be brought to justice.
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area of Glasgow. Caldwell's parents said that they were left in a "blind panic" when they realised that she was addicted to heroin as they did not know what to do.
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MSP, was going to meet with Caldwell's mother and that he would meet with her "as soon as possible." This was in response to Scottish Conservative leader
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perpetrated on them by Packer, and by other clients. These women felt their concerns had been ignored by the police because they were prostitutes.
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in Renfrewshire. Her parents said they were 'naive' about the cost of her heroin addiction, and did not initially realise that she had turned to
413:
regular user who was infatuated with Caldwell and changed his story with police numerous times. These women said he had taken them to woods in
189:
465:
The closing statement by the defence counsel asked the jury to examine the evidence alone and "not rumour, not gossip, not innuendo. When the
473:
On 28 February 2024, Packer was found guilty of the murder of Caldwell, and of 32 other charges against 22 women. Three charges were found
583:
It was Emma Caldwell's birthday on Tuesday. She would have been 39. The day she was born in 1978 was a Tuesday too, a day heavy with snow.
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The first major lead came when Caldwell's phone history was investigated, with her last contact being with a previously unknown
1455:
537:, lawyers for Packer, who appeared via video link from prison, argued that the 36-year term was excessive. On 28 August 2024,
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458:, as well as Packer, were all driven to the alleged scene of the crime, at Limefield Woods some 41 miles (66 km) from
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On 6 March 2024, Packer announced he would appeal against his conviction and the length of his sentence. At the
383:
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MSP, said his government was "seriously considering" the option of an inquiry. He said that Justice Secretary
633:
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in the history of Scotland and one of the most prolific sex offenders in the history of the United Kingdom."
459:
542:
538:
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807:
17:
1415:"Emma Caldwell murder: why mother Margaret Caldwell deserves justice and closure after years of tragedy"
1015:"Emma Caldwell murder 10 years on: Forgotten suspect who admits taking victim to isolated wood REVEALED"
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981:"Detective on Emma Caldwell sex worker murder case savages original Strathclyde Police probe"
931:"Emma Caldwell murder: How a 76-second phone call led police to target four Turkish suspects"
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Her parents attempted to support her, and visited her at a hostel she was now staying in the
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1383:"First Minister Humza Yousaf urged to order public inquiry into Emma Caldwell case"
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in 1998, it sent Caldwell into a deep depression. A partner encouraged her to try
1456:"Corrupt Scots police officers were clients of murdered sex worker Emma Caldwell"
1038:"Former detective targeted in Emma Caldwell spy op claims rogue cops smeared him"
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956:"Man accused of murdering vice girl Emma Caldwell gets payout for false arrest"
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903:"The unsolved case of Emma Caldwell and Glasgow's infamous prostitute murders"
568:"Mum of murder victim Emma Caldwell reveals heartbreak after she went missing"
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134:
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33:
1061:"Shameful – Jim Wilson on the investigation into the death of Emma Caldwell"
808:"Caldwell murder accused threatened teenager for alleging abuse, court told"
634:"Emma Caldwell murder trial: Mother tells of last meeting with her daughter"
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782:"Emma Caldwell murder trial told of final call she received before death"
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1160:"Emma Caldwell murder suspect jailed for attacking former girlfriend"
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to cope with her grief, and by 2002 she had moved in with him in the
326:. Emma's parents were overjoyed when they heard of her plan to seek
1138:"How BBC interviews led to Emma Caldwell murder suspect's downfall"
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1113:"Emma Caldwell murder trial told accused took woman to body site"
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755:"Soil in Emma Caldwell murder accused's van linked to body site"
1481:"Emma Caldwell killer Iain Packer to appeal against conviction"
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169:
119:
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678:"The week in audio: Who Killed Emma?; Life Changing – review"
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killing Caldwell. One of the men then sued the newly formed
1366:"Man Jailed for at least 36 years for Emma Caldwell murder"
1319:"Jury urged to judge Emma Caldwell murder accused 'fairly'"
1253:"Murder accused admits indecently assaulting Emma Caldwell"
123:
1226:"Emma Caldwell accused admits sex worker visits to woods"
596:"Family appeal to killer in 2005 murder of Emma Caldwell"
1280:"Emma Caldwell murder accused says sex was 'consensual'"
375:
Strathclyde Police had not done enough to investigate.
354:
on 15 June 2005. Police reported new leads as a result
1204:"Emma Caldwell accused faces charges against 28 women"
1088:"Emma Caldwell suspect 'attacked woman in same woods'"
549:
unanimously rejected his appeal against his sentence.
333:
1401:"Police apologise for handling of Emma Caldwell case"
1302:"Jurors visit woods where Emma Caldwell's body found"
1433:"Public inquiry into Emma Caldwell police failings"
1495:"Emma Caldwell's killer loses bid to cut sentence"
1341:"Iain Packer found guilty of Emma Caldwell murder"
1535:Crimes against sex workers in the United Kingdom
1506:
493:, the lawyer representing Caldwell called for a
196:into the police handling of the investigation.
192:, announced that there would be an independent
428:In 2018, Packer was interviewed by journalist
390:of other women, some from this investigation.
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190:Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Home Affairs
286:Emma Caldwell was born on 31 January 1978 in
704:"Prostitute's body found dumped in woodland"
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27:2005 kidnap, rape, and murder in Scotland
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1182:"Man arrested over Emma Caldwell murder"
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155:Imprisonment (minimum term of 36 years)
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1013:Archibald, Lindsey (5 April 2015).
877:"Men in court over Caldwell murder"
855:"Emma TV appeal produces new leads"
833:"Crimewatch appeal over Emma death"
652:"Grieving parents in drugs warning"
439:
334:Disappearance and discovery of body
24:
1515:2005 murders in the United Kingdom
1454:Hyland, Jennifer (10 March 2024).
131:32 other charges against 22 women
25:
1556:
726:"'Last picture' of murdered Emma"
676:Sawyer, Miranda (10 April 2021).
1036:Aitken, mark (29 October 2017).
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806:Ward, Sarah (17 January 2024).
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632:Ward, Sarah (24 January 2024).
566:Wilson, Jim (5 February 2017).
901:McKay, Ron (5 February 2017).
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13:
1:
1403:. BBC News. 29 February 2024.
1368:. BBC News. 28 February 2024.
1059:Wilson, Jim (21 March 2024).
552:
350:The case was featured on BBC
259:
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1343:. BBC News. 20 February 2024
1321:. BBC News. 20 February 2024
1282:. BBC News. 14 February 2024
1255:. BBC News. 15 February 2024
1228:. BBC News. 15 February 2024
1206:. BBC News. 13 December 2022
1184:. BBC News. 25 February 2022
1162:. BBC News. 25 February 2020
1140:. BBC News. 25 February 2020
879:. BBC News. 3 September 2007
484:
7:
1497:. BBC News. 28 August 2024.
1115:. BBC News. 26 January 2024
757:. BBC News. 7 February 2024
598:. BBC News. 2 February 2017
358:Investigations and suspects
10:
1561:
421:Packer was described as a
1483:. BBC News. 6 March 2024.
706:. The Hearld. 10 May 2005
654:. BBC News. 16 March 2009
423:Jekyll and Hyde character
278:Biggar, South Lanarkshire
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200:Early life and background
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61:Biggar, South Lanarkshire
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1435:. BBC News. 7 March 2024
1090:. BBC News. 3 April 2021
1063:. London Review of Books
535:Court of Criminal Appeal
505:Scottish First Minister
1304:. BBC. 1 February 2024.
728:. BBC News. 20 May 2005
132:
51:Murder of Emma Caldwell
38:Infobox civilian attack
31:
144:considered for merging
43:considered for merging
1389:. 29 February 2024.
406:In April 2015, the
263: 6 April 2005
1530:History of Glasgow
460:Glasgow High Court
363:Strathclyde Police
188:MSP, the Scottish
1387:Holyrood Magazine
522:find the truth."
415:South Lanarkshire
343:around the neck.
284:
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276:Limefield Woods,
172:in April 2005 by
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59:Limefield Woods,
16:(Redirected from
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1545:Women in Glasgow
1540:2000s in Glasgow
1525:2005 in Scotland
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1040:. Daily Record
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857:. 16 June 2005
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835:. 14 June 2005
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519:Anas Sarwar
491:Aamer Anwar
409:Sunday Mail
402:Iain Packer
380:Turkish man
367:DNA testing
245:Disappeared
182:Iain Packer
133:‹ The
116:Convictions
103:Iain Packer
100:Perpetrator
77:Attack type
32:‹ The
18:Iain Packer
1509:Categories
553:References
475:not proven
447:Disclosure
434:Disclosure
365:performed
352:Crimewatch
280:, Scotland
239:, Scotland
128:kidnapping
71:April 2005
63:, Scotland
638:YahooNews
547:Lady Wise
485:Aftermath
311:Govanhill
142:is being
41:is being
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732:29 March
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684:. London
288:Cardross
233:Cardross
170:murdered
152:Sentence
146:. ›
135:template
56:Location
45:. ›
34:template
1439:7 March
861:6 April
839:6 April
761:2 March
577:2 March
372:condoms
341:garotte
316:Erskine
108:Verdict
300:heroin
296:cancer
120:Murder
111:Guilty
92:Victim
82:Murder
640:. PA.
304:Govan
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