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in
January 1928, in which they stole camels and sheep. On both occasions, though they raided brutally, they suffered heavy retaliations from the RAF and Kuwaitis. The Ikhwan were eventually defeated by Ibn Saud's regular forces and their leadership slain. The remnants were incorporated into regular
578:
as a tool of territorial expansion, advanced northwards and westwards and arrived at the undemarcated borders of
Transjordan in the summer of 1922. The Ikhwan were a cross-tribal striking force, whose religious fervour combined with the support of the King proved too strong a military challenge for
569:
in 1921 and 1923, respectively. They also played a crucial role in the major invasions by the
Wahhabi tribesmen of Najd (the Ikhwan). While Transjordan experienced internal stability during 1922–1923, a new external threat emerged from the southeast of the country. The Wahhabi
579:
the
Arabian tribes. The Wahhabi threat brought forward a merger of interests between the nomadic tribes within Transjordan and the Transjordanian government, and for the first time since its establishment the latter was in a more balanced position vis-à-vis these tribes.
595:, approximately 12 miles south of Amman. In a two-day battle, the tribesmen of the Hadid tribe alongside the remnants of the Bani Sakhr managed to defeat the raiders. The raiders were intercepted by British armored cars and planes only after they had begun to withdraw.
557:, the British hoped to secure Transjordan and Iraq as Hashemite kingdoms, and did put a significant effort into securing them from external and internal threats. The military assistance of the British to Emir
315:
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308:
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541:. The British military force was the primary obstacle against the Ikhwan, and ultimately helped Abdullah to secure his rule over Transjordan.
529:'s position in Transjordan. The emir was powerless to repel these raids by himself, thus the British maintained a military base, with a small
703:
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623:. Fifteen kilometers south of Amman, the raiders engaged again with the villages of the Bani Sakhr, but were attacked by the British
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627:(RAF). The Ikhwan army suffered heavy casualties, with the death toll reaching 500. The raided villages suffered 130 dead.
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initiated their first attack on
Transjordan by massacring the inhabitants of two villages belonging to the tribe of
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incursions from Najd into southern parts of his territory were the most serious threat to Emir
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in the Nejd–Hejaz War of 1919, and a failure to establish a
Hashemite domain over the
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775:. University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. PhD Thesis: pp. 217–218. May 1985.
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militia force, numbering some 4,500 raiders, travelled 1,600 kilometers from
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The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State
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The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State
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The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State
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653:. The Ikhwanis raided southern Iraq in November 1927 and
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823:. 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU: I.B.Tauris. p. 52.
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704:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
16:1922–1924 armed conflict in the Middle East
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283:Population of two small villages massacred
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561:helped to suppress a local rebellion at
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858:Joab B. Eilon, Yoav Alon (2007-04-15).
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277:130 tribesmen killed or wounded (1924)
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645:raids occurred during the 1927–1930
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521:between 1922 and 1924. The repeated
407:Second Saudi-Rashidi War (1915–1918)
709:List of wars involving Saudi Arabia
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343:First Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907)
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261:3,000–4,000 or 4,500 camel raiders
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505:were a series of attacks by the
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892:Saudi Arabia: the coming storm
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789:Saudi Arabia: The Coming Storm
732:Eilon, J.B.; Alon, Y. (2007).
1:
791:. M. E. Sharpe, 1994: p. 143.
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807:The modern history of Jordan
738:. I. B. Tauris. p. 56.
699:Saudi Arabian National Guard
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574:movement, supported by King
242:Minwer Shtewi Al-Hadid
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894:. M. E. Sharpe, 1994: p.45.
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503:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
328:Unification of Saudi Arabia
29:Unification of Saudi Arabia
22:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
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843:: CS1 maint: location (
549:With the defeat of the
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689:Kuwait-Najd Border War
519:Emirate of Transjordan
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196:Commanders and leaders
52:Emirate of Transjordan
771:Noel Joseph Guckian.
635:Further information:
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476:Official proclamation
269:Casualties and losses
65:Ikhwan raids repelled
621:British protectorate
559:Abdullah I of Jordan
287:Total killed: ~1,500
259:1,500 raiders (1922)
940:1924 in Transjordan
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930:1922 in Transjordan
819:Alon, Yoav (2007).
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497:Ikhwan on the move
274:500+ killed (1924)
925:Conflicts in 1924
920:Conflicts in 1923
915:Conflicts in 1922
830:978-1-84885-013-2
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537:, close to
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432: [
393: [
142:Bani Sakher
130:Transjordan
81:Wadi Sirhan
70:Territorial
904:Categories
877:2016-05-20
751:2015-05-14
715:References
593:Bani Sakhr
551:Hashemites
545:Background
527:Abdullah I
466:2nd Kuwait
451:1st Kuwait
232:Abdullah I
152:Bani Hasan
839:cite book
809:. p. 104.
631:Aftermath
531:air force
517:, on the
424:al-Khurma
383:Tarafiyah
42:1922–1924
662:See also
651:Ibn Saud
576:Ibn Saud
373:Shinanah
363:Buraidah
254:Strength
163:Support:
111:'Utaybah
47:Location
523:Wahhabi
441:Hurmula
402:al-Hasa
358:Unaizah
264:Unknown
246:†
77:Al-Jawf
72:changes
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641:Other
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412:Jarrab
348:Riyadh
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146:Ajarma
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114:Mutayr
106:Ikhwan
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59:Result
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533:, at
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461:Hejaz
446:Ha'il
436:]
429:Hajla
397:]
390:Hadia
353:Dilam
158:Hadid
149:Abbad
137:Adwan
866:ISBN
845:link
825:ISBN
740:ISBN
619:, a
609:Najd
587:The
563:Kura
515:Najd
501:The
79:and
39:Date
513:of
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837:{{
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