113:. The mission would usually consist of two official envoy ships, separate crafts carrying the chief envoy and his deputy, as some uncertainty accompanied the journey; these would be accompanied by a number of merchant ships. During Japan's
139:, can still be seen today on the castle grounds. The total Chinese entourage generally numbered between 300 and 800 people, and hosting and entertaining the Chinese envoys was an extremely expensive endeavor for the Ryukyuan court.
585:
mission encompassed a retinue of over 200 persons travelling in two ships which were specially constructed for this diplomatic purpose. The ambassador recorded details of the voyage and the reception the
Chinese encountered in
134:
Envoys generally stayed in Ryukyu for four to eight months, and were extensively entertained by the
Ryukyuan royal court. A number of structures built for this purpose, including the Ryūtan pond and the Hokuden (North Hall) of
130:
would be sent down to Ryukyu to supervise the exchanges and interactions between
Chinese and Ryukyuan officials, albeit from somewhat of a distance, given the policy of hiding Satsuma's involvement in Ryukyu from the Chinese.
906:
1827:
1768:
Japan and Its East Asian
Neighbors: Japan's Perception of China and Korea and the Making of Foreign Policy from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century,
918:), an account of Ryukyuan history and customs based on the records and reports of earlier Chinese envoys, Ryukyuan records, and Chou's own observations
77:
Upon the accession of a new king, the news was generally communicated to the
Chinese capital, along with a petition for the investiture, by a formal
1832:
1842:
1837:
675:
653:
172:, a traditional form of Ryukyuan dance-drama, was first created and performed for entertaining an investiture envoy and his fellows, in 1719.
1780:
837:
878:
562:
96:
Chinese envoys would then be dispatched - sometimes quite quickly, sometimes not until over a decade later - arriving in ships called
503:
1852:
184:
became, in 1372, the first
Ryukyuan king to submit to Chinese suzerainty. Beginning with the investiture of Satto's successor,
1808:
1794:
1703:
1089:
1847:
1079:
1074:
78:
54:
ceremonies for the King of Ryukyu, formally acknowledging him as King on behalf of the
Chinese Imperial Court, and as a
1569:
1555:
1541:
1527:
1500:
1486:
1431:
1380:
1361:
1338:
1324:
1060:
In the late 19th century, the
Sinocentric tributary state system was superseded by the Westphalian multi-state system.
1731:
1724:
1666:
1658:
1640:
1632:
1617:
1610:
1762:
China in
Tokugawa Foreign Relations: The Tokugawa Bakufu’s Perception of and Attitudes toward Ming-Qing China,
1717:
Sovereign Rights and
Territorial Space in Sino-Japanese Relations: Irredentism and the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands.
861:
for the entertainment of the Chinese envoys, is first performed for the envoys for the investiture of King
1689:
188:, in 1404, twenty-two such missions traveled to Ryukyu in total, the last in 1866, for the investiture of
1084:
1786:
1624:
55:
656:
was a member of the 1576 mission to the Ryukyu Islands. He published an account of his experiences.
1695:
1069:
1235:(沖縄県の歴史, "History of Okinawa Prefecture"). Tokyo: Yamakawa Publishers, 1996. Appendix: Chronology.
1746:
1178:
1801:
The Foundations of Japan's Modernization: a comparison with China's Path towards Modernization.
1588:
1585:
1465:
1406:
1403:
1249:
1145:
1122:
1119:
40:
1771:
1760:
1447:
1212:
1782:
State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu.
858:
8:
1770:
Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 2004, as cited in Tsutsui, William M. (2009).
1094:
82:
1804:
1790:
1727:
1720:
1699:
1662:
1654:
1636:
1628:
726:
329:
157:
110:
1185:(沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). 1 March 2003. Accessed 7 November 2009.
992:
911:
873:
595:
457:
1303:
1300:
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490:
445:
393:
289:
218:
93:
also had to be notified and asked for approval and confirmation of the new king.
1741:
381:
1712:
1675:
760:
587:
301:
261:
248:
90:
67:
36:
32:
1201:. Jimpu Kai USA Kin Ryosho Ryukyu Geino Kenkyusho Hawaii Shibu, 2008. pp45-56.
414:
1821:
1707:
1197:
Foley, Kathy. "Kumi Odori's Historical Context and Performance Practice." in
641:
71:
781:
1595:
1470:
1452:
1413:
1310:
1254:
1217:
1150:
1129:
997:
350:
237:
136:
28:
24:
20:
1735:
1670:
1099:
317:
1812:
1683:
979:
747:
86:
51:
899:
602:), still exists in transcription Chinese, Japanese and Korean versions.
545:
478:
1644:
888:
853:
168:
114:
44:
1049:
1015:
862:
847:
813:
714:
629:
580:
189:
947:
648:
513:
1304:
Sovereign Rights and Territorial Space in Sino-Japanese Relations,
1651:
East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute.
1589:
East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute,
1054:
final investiture mission confirms Shō Tai as King of Ryukyu.
19:
were diplomatic missions that were intermittently sent by the
231:
185:
181:
43:
system of bilateral and multinational relationships in the
1609:
Goodrich, Luther Carrington and Zhaoying Fang. (1976).
1163:The Government of the Kingdom of Ryukyu, 1609-1872
1819:
1165:. Gushikawa: Yui Publishing, Co., 2001. pp46-47.
1828:Imperial Chinese missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
151:
17:Imperial Chinese missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
1393:
1391:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
145:
123:
102:
39:. These diplomatic contacts were within the
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1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
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1042:
1034:
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830:
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774:
766:
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699:
678:
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622:
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471:
463:
438:
430:
407:
399:
374:
366:
343:
335:
307:
282:
254:
224:
270:) mission confirms Bunei as king in Ryukyu.
1653:New York : Columbia University Press.
1482:
1480:
1478:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1388:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1320:
1318:
1259:
1227:
1225:
1680:Okinawa, the History of an Island People.
1514:Hirata, Tsugumasa (trans.). Chou, Huang.
1510:
1508:
1243:
1241:
1139:
1137:
1123:Okinawa: The History of an Island People,
590:, the capital of the kingdom. This book,
236:mission purpose is to bring islands into
128:, "investiture (crown) ships magistrate")
1563:
1549:
1535:
1521:
1475:
1418:
1407:Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644,
1369:
1346:
1332:
1315:
1173:
1171:
857:, a new form of dance-drama, created by
1833:Foreign relations of the Ryukyu Kingdom
1619:Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644
1612:Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644
1518:. Tokyo: San-ichi Shobô, 1977. pp. 1-2.
1494:
1222:
175:
1820:
1719:Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
1577:
1505:
1238:
1199:Ryukyu Geino: The Legacy of Kin Ryosho
1193:
1191:
1134:
61:
1843:Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty
1838:Foreign relations of the Ming dynasty
1168:
1090:Joseon missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
1188:
1080:Foreign relations of Imperial China
1075:Ryukyuan missions to Imperial China
117:, an agent from Satsuma known as a
85:, beginning with the succession of
66:Shuri was the royal capital of the
50:Some missions were sent to perform
13:
1753:
1688:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002).
1682:Rutland, Vermont: C.E. Tuttle Co.
70:. It is today part of the city of
14:
1864:
1773:A Companion to Japanese History,
166:" oversaw these entertainments;
1457:
1439:
1204:
1155:
1111:
518:installation of the new king.
1:
1853:China diplomacy-related lists
1603:
1023:
987:
955:
921:
868:
821:
789:
755:
721:
690:
659:
636:
605:
552:
521:
485:
452:
421:
388:
357:
324:
296:
273:
243:
213:
7:
1848:China history-related lists
1085:Ryukyuan missions to Joseon
1063:
152:
10:
1869:
1759:Mizuno, Norihito. (2003).
1053:
1019:
983:
951:
903:
851:
817:
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751:
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633:
584:
549:
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449:
418:
385:
354:
321:
293:
265:
235:
1787:Stanford University Press
1625:Columbia University Press
1298:Suganuma, Unryu. (2000).
1043:
1035:
1009:
1001:
973:
965:
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283:
255:
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209:
206:
203:
200:
146:
124:
103:
1779:Toby, Ronald P. (1991).
1696:Harvard University Press
1397:Goodrich, L. Carrington
1105:
1070:Ryukyuan missions to Edo
904:Chou Huang compiles the
197:
79:Ryukyuan tribute mission
1799:Yoda, Yoshiie. (1996).
1649:Kang, David C. (2010).
1583:Kang, David C. (2010).
1231:Shinzato, Keiji et al.
1183:Okinawa konpakuto jiten
1233:Okinawa ken no rekishi
1117:Kerr, George. (2000).
1020:investitutre of king.
984:investitutre of king.
952:investitutre of king.
818:investitutre of king.
786:investitutre of king
752:investitutre of king
107:, lit. "crown ships")
81:. Following the 1609
1516:Ryûkyû-koku shiryaku
1501:Chūzan Seifu, vol 9.
907:Ryūkyū-koku shiryaku
176:Timeline of missions
1691:Japan Encyclopedia.
142:A "dance magistrate
62:The envoys in Shuri
1161:Matsuda, Mitsugu.
83:invasion of Ryukyu
1809:978-9-004-09999-9
1795:978-0-8047-1951-3
1704:978-0-674-01753-5
1621:(明代名人傳), Vol. II.
1058:
1057:
859:Tamagusuku Chōkun
201:Emperor of China
1860:
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592:Shi Liu-ch'iu lu
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1859:
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1818:
1817:
1803:Leiden: Brill.
1756:
1754:Further reading
1713:Suganuma, Unryu
1676:Kerr, George H.
1614:(明代名人傳), Vol. I
1606:
1601:
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1578:
1568:
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1409:Vol. I, p. 498.
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436:
405:
372:
341:
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204:Chinese envoys
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100:
64:
12:
11:
5:
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1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
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1816:
1815:
1813:OCLC 246732011
1797:
1777:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1736:OCLC 170955369
1710:
1686:
1673:
1671:OCLC 562768984
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406:Tong Shouhong
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238:Sinitic system
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177:
174:
91:Satsuma Domain
68:Ryukyu Kingdom
63:
60:
37:Ryukyu Islands
33:Shuri, Okinawa
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1802:
1798:
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1783:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1766:excerpt from
1765:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:9780824824938
1729:
1726:
1725:9780824821593
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:OCLC 48943301
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1684:OCLC 39242121
1681:
1677:
1674:
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1668:
1667:9780231526746
1664:
1660:
1659:9780231153188
1656:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:9780231038331
1638:
1634:
1633:9780231038010
1630:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1597:
1594:, p. 160, at
1593:
1592:
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1552:
1546:
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1479:
1472:
1469:, p. 546, at
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1460:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1415:
1412:, p. 498, at
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1410:
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1392:
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1375:
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1263:
1256:
1253:, p. 352, at
1252:
1251:
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1234:
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1226:
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1214:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1192:
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1164:
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1152:
1149:, p. 181, at
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1128:, p. 185, at
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805:Lin Linchang
796:
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783:
780:
764:
762:
759:
756:
749:
746:
730:
728:
725:
722:
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713:
706:Wang Shizhen
697:
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684:
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667:Xiao Chongye
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280:
277:
274:
269:
266:investiture (
263:
260:
252:
250:
247:
244:
239:
233:
230:
222:
220:
217:
214:
196:
193:
191:
187:
183:
173:
171:
170:
163:
159:
154:
140:
138:
132:
120:
116:
112:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
72:Naha, Okinawa
69:
59:
58:subordinate.
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1800:
1781:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1742:Chūzan Seifu
1740:
1716:
1690:
1679:
1650:
1645:OCLC 1622199
1618:
1611:
1596:Google Books
1590:
1584:
1579:
1571:Chūzan Seifu
1570:
1565:
1557:Chūzan Seifu
1556:
1551:
1543:Chūzan Seifu
1542:
1537:
1529:Chūzan Seifu
1528:
1523:
1515:
1496:
1488:Chūzan Seifu
1487:
1471:Google Books
1464:
1459:
1453:Google Books
1451:, p. 85, at
1446:
1441:
1433:Chūzan Seifu
1432:
1414:Google Books
1408:
1402:
1398:
1382:Chūzan Seifu
1381:
1363:Chūzan Seifu
1362:
1340:Chūzan Seifu
1339:
1334:
1326:Chūzan Seifu
1325:
1311:Google Books
1305:
1299:
1255:Google Books
1248:
1232:
1218:Google Books
1216:, p. 65, at
1211:
1206:
1198:
1182:
1162:
1157:
1151:Google Books
1144:
1130:Google Books
1124:
1118:
1113:
1059:
1041:Yu Guangjia
1007:Gao Renjian
998:Lin Hongnian
971:Fei Xizhang
939:Li Dingyuan
931:Zhao Wenkai
905:
852:
765:Zhang Xueli
676:Hseieh Chieh
654:Hseieh Chieh
591:
537:Zhang Xiang
382:Shō Shitatsu
267:
207:Ryūkyū king
179:
167:
161:
141:
137:Shuri Castle
133:
119:kansen bugyō
118:
97:
95:
76:
65:
49:
31:emperors to
16:
15:
1694:Cambridge:
1095:Kōchi Chōjō
838:Xu Baoguang
698:Xia Ziyang
495:Guang Rong
415:Shō Kinpuku
365:Chen Chuan
314:Ruan Jian
281:Chen Xiuro
153:odori bugyō
52:investiture
41:Sinocentric
1822:Categories
1785:Stanford:
1715:. (2000).
1623:New York:
1604:References
1463:Goodrich,
1445:Goodrich,
889:Chou Huang
854:Kumi odori
782:Shō Shitsu
621:Li Jichun
613:Guo Rulin
572:Gao Cheng
462:Pang Rong
446:Shō Taikyū
429:Yan Cheng
373:Wan Xiang
362:Zhengtong
306:Chai Shan
290:Shō Shishō
253:Shi Zhong
169:kumi odori
162:udui bugyō
115:Edo period
45:Sinosphere
1573:, vol 13.
1559:, vol 12.
1545:, vol 11.
1531:, vol 10.
1100:Rin Seikō
1033:Zhao Xin
773:Wang Gai
739:Yang Lun
731:Du Sance
727:Chongzhen
529:Dong Min
437:Liu Jian
330:Zhengtong
318:Shō Hashi
223:Yang Zai
210:Comments
98:ukwanshin
56:tributary
35:, in the
1678:(1965).
1490:, vol 8.
1435:, vol 7.
1401:(1976).
1384:, vol 6.
1365:, vol 5.
1342:, vol 4.
1328:, vol 3.
1179:Sappôshi
1064:See also
993:Daoguang
960:Jiaqing
900:Shō Boku
879:Quan Kui
874:Qianlong
797:Wang Ji
610:Jiajing
563:Chen Kan
546:Shō Shin
526:Hongzhi
479:Shō Toku
470:Cai Zhe
458:Chenghua
426:Jingtai
398:Qiao Yi
342:Liu Xun
334:Yu Bian
111:Okinawan
1764:p. 109.
1747:ja:中山世譜
1591:p. 160.
1466:p. 546.
1250:p. 352.
1146:p. 181.
1125:p. 185.
1050:Shō Tai
1029:Tongzhi
1016:Shō Iku
927:Jiaqing
912:Chinese
863:Shō Kei
848:Shō Kei
829:Haibao
826:Kangxi
814:Shō Tei
794:Kangxi
715:Shō Nei
685:Shō Ei
630:Shō Gen
596:Chinese
581:Shō Sei
570: ;
558:Jiajing
504:Han Wen
491:Hongzhi
394:Jingtai
351:Shō Chū
278:Yongle
219:Jianwen
190:Shō Tai
1807:
1793:
1775:p. 83.
1730:
1723:
1702:
1665:
1657:
1639:
1631:
1448:p. 85.
1399:et al.
1306:p. 46.
1247:Kerr,
1213:p. 65.
1210:Kerr,
1143:Kerr,
980:Shō Kō
963:Qikun
948:Shō On
914::
761:Kangxi
748:Shō Hō
695:Wanli
664:Wanli
649:Shō Ei
598::
514:Shō En
302:Xuande
268:cefeng
249:Yongle
89:, the
87:Shō Hō
1106:Notes
1025:1866
989:1838
957:1808
923:1800
916:琉球國志略
870:1757
823:1719
791:1683
757:1663
723:1633
692:1606
661:1579
642:Wanli
638:1576
607:1561
588:Shuri
554:1534
523:1479
487:1472
454:1464
423:1456
390:1452
359:1448
326:1443
298:1427
275:1415
262:Bunei
245:1404
232:Satto
215:1373
198:Year
186:Bunei
182:Satto
180:King
1805:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1629:ISBN
896:,
600:使琉球錄
125:冠船奉行
29:Qing
27:and
25:Ming
21:Yuan
1309:at
1181:."
1044:于光甲
1010:高人鑑
1002:林鴻年
974:費錫章
942:李鼎元
934:趙文楷
842:徐葆光
808:林麟焻
768:張學禮
734:杜三策
709:王士楨
701:夏子陽
670:蕭崇業
624:李際春
616:郭汝霖
409:童守宏
284:陳秀若
147:踊奉行
109:in
104:御冠船
1824::
1811:;
1789:.
1734:;
1706:;
1698:.
1669:;
1661:/
1643:;
1635:;
1627:.
1616:;
1507:^
1477:^
1420:^
1390:^
1371:^
1348:^
1317:^
1261:^
1240:^
1224:^
1190:^
1170:^
1136:^
1036:趙新
966:齊鯤
893:周煌
883:全魁
865:.
832:海寶
800:汪楫
776:王垓
742:楊掄
680:謝杰
575:高澄
567:陳侃
540:張祥
535:;
532:董旻
508:韓文
498:官榮
473:蔡哲
465:潘榮
440:劉儉
432:嚴誠
401:喬毅
376:萬祥
368:陳傳
345:劉遜
337:余忭
309:柴山
256:時中
240:.
226:楊載
192:.
160::
156:,
150:,
74:.
47:.
23:,
1749:)
1745:(
1177:"
1039:;
1005:;
969:;
937:;
910:(
886:;
835:;
803:;
771:;
737:;
704:;
673:;
619:;
594:(
501:;
468:;
435:;
404:;
371:;
340:;
312:;
164:)
158:O
144:(
122:(
101:(
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