141:, and what not, with little hard atoms swimming about, each endowed with forces of repulsion and attraction of all sorts, as was thought desirable. This idea of the constitution of matter was perhaps the worst of all. These imponderable fluids were mere names, and these forces were suppositions, representing no
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consists of weights to which an electric charge has been applied, such as through the static electric effect. As masses with similar charges (i.e. both positive or both negative) will repel each other, an "electric fluid" was conceived to explain the effect: "the fluid diffused on the one ball repels
335:, a center of force, and "matter" is a crowd of such points, endowed with inertia and powers of attraction and repulsion.(The Monist: Volume 20. By Edward C. Hegeler, Paul Carus, Hegeler Institute, 1910. Page 220.)
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Grotthus, "Sur la
Composition de l'Eau et des Corps quelle tient en dissolution a l'aide de l'Electricite galvanique". (Tr., On the Composition of Water Bodies and what holds in solution with the aid of galvanic
225:" by combining nitrogen and carbon in a porous cell containing ammonia, immersed in a vessel tilled with molasses. The current was to flow through silk threads attached to the vessel: about 1868.
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Time of describing a given space from rest under the action of a force varying as the distance from a fixed point. Principia By Sir Isaac Newton. Pg., 86
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and is repelled by the fluid diffused on the other ball, and that the balls being covered by the fluid are reciprocally repelled."
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was also much thought of as a medium. We even find half-a-dozen imponderable co-existent fluids regarded with favour,—one called
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moved in an ambient fluid, though the idea is not unlike his own. It is difficult to trace the origin of the hypothesis, but
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both speak of a subtle ether. The conception of an all-pervading imponderable fluid of this kind has formed part of
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exerted by a position or point only, where nothing existed but the power of exerting a force.
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described myriad hypotheses of physics that had been put forth involving imponderable fluids:
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Haydn's dictionary of dates and universal information relating to all ages and nations
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121:, and ether came to be very generally adopted as a favourite name for the fluid, but
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381:, Improved imponderable fluid, and mode of generating the same. Jan 1, 1867.
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In an article published in 1868, English inventor and polymath
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got rid of atoms altogether, by supposing them to be the mere
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as the result of invisible and practically weightless (Latin:
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No attempt was made to show how or why the forces acted, but
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Traces of these hypothetical fluids survive in phrases like
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The North
British review. (1868). Edinburgh: W.P. Kennedy
421:: With original experiments, by Joseph Priestley. London.
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The term "electric fluid" was sometimes used to describe
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which are generated by what science now refers to as an
331:, an atom was no longer a substantial entity, but a
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M. Martin
Ziegler patented a method of producing a "
70:. Historically proposed imponderable fluids include
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419:The history and present state of electricity
276:Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth
266:, Leonard Landois , William Stirling, 1889
101:mentions with great disapproval a certain
78:; additionally some physicists considered
390:Haydn, J., & In Vincent, B. (1893).
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21:superseded scientific theories
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444:Obsolete theories in physics
264:Textbook of Human Physiology
181:higher power of the distance
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240:Corpuscular theory of light
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201:Fluid theory of electricity
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414:. London: Longmans, Green.
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46:The term has been used in
288:Jenkin, Fleeming (1868).
363:A hand-book of mechanics
294:The North British Review
19:are features of several
213:. For example, a basic
169:varying as the distance
161:attractive or repulsive
417:Priestley, J. (1767).
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29:electromotive theories
410:Grove, W. R. (1874).
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394:. N.Y: G.P. Putnam
17:Imponderable fluids
333:mathematical point
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131:electricity
80:electricity
42:Description
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251:References
137:, another
135:phlogiston
133:, another
129:, another
103:Hartsoeker
72:phlogiston
361:(1853 ).
171:, or the
60:phenomena
229:See also
58:certain
123:caloric
111:Galileo
99:Leibniz
76:caloric
56:explain
52:physics
38:, etc.
346:Pg 126
304:30 May
173:square
115:Hobbes
68:fluids
25:atomic
396:Pg 28
300:: 239
179:, or
163:, or
156:force
139:light
107:atoms
306:2014
177:cube
127:heat
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54:to
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