102:
19:
92:
In ovo vaccination is carried out by machines. These machines perform a number of actions to ensure good vaccination of the chick inside the egg. Benefits of In ovo vaccination include avoidance of bird stress, controlled hygienic conditions, and earlier immunity with less interference from maternal
84:(Av-CoV). Seroconversion rates of chickens vaccinated as embryos ranged from 27% to 100% with ND vaccination and 85% to 100% for AI vaccination. The birds are protected before delivery to a commercial operation such as a farm, thus preventing the spread of Avian viruses.
33:. In medical usage it refers to the growth of live virus in chicken egg embryos for vaccine development for human use, as well as an effective method for vaccination of poultry against various
57:
In human vaccine development, the main advantage is rapid propagation, and high yield, of viruses for vaccine production. This method is most commonly used for growth of influenza virus, both
116:
feeding is a considered as a potential tool to provide nutrient to embryo as well as to modulate performance and gut health of pre and post hatched chicks. Based on the purpose the
283:"A review of production technologies for influenza virus vaccines, and their suitability for deployment in developing countries for influenza pandemic preparedness"
282:
361:
Stone H, Mitchell B, Brugh M (1997). "In ovo vaccination of chicken embryos with experimental
Newcastle disease and avian influenza oil-emulsion vaccines".
418:
1473:
616:
505:
656:
651:
312:"Improved hatchability and efficient protection after in ovo vaccination with live-attenuated H7N2 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses"
404:
1053:
837:
666:
1524:
1452:
1058:
1090:
842:
768:
621:
448:
1500:
807:
440:
243:
Ricks CA, Avakian A, Bryan T, Gildersleeve R, Haddad E, Ilich R, et al. (1999). "In ovo vaccination technology".
912:
293:
22:
The bioactive compounds could be injected into the egg via air sac, albumen, yolk sac, amnion, and allantoic fluid .
1541:
1479:
449:
1100:
1068:
1063:
892:
1158:
763:
956:
661:
147:
1078:
515:
498:
1128:
66:
1083:
1048:
1043:
1038:
46:
1529:
1462:
1443:
1239:
1211:
1173:
1168:
1148:
671:
1510:
1439:
433:
152:
1505:
1339:
1334:
785:
731:
641:
1568:
1388:
1329:
1120:
758:
636:
587:
554:
488:
8:
1311:
1277:
1163:
986:
929:
924:
870:
701:
569:
541:
493:
62:
42:
981:
721:
186:"In ovo Feeding as a Tool for Improving Performance and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review"
1344:
1178:
919:
880:
865:
741:
726:
711:
631:
549:
378:
338:
311:
220:
185:
58:
256:
72:
In poultry, In ovo vaccination improves hatchability and efficient protection against
1467:
1434:
1267:
1108:
998:
887:
748:
573:
536:
426:
386:
343:
260:
225:
207:
77:
1413:
1393:
1378:
1234:
1095:
1008:
370:
333:
323:
252:
215:
197:
934:
101:
1398:
1196:
1003:
961:
847:
827:
797:
780:
706:
696:
626:
565:
561:
510:
73:
34:
310:
Cai Y, Song H, Ye J, Shao H, Padmanabhan R, Sutton TC, Perez DR (January 2011).
1535:
1262:
1153:
1113:
993:
814:
753:
202:
69:
in managing influenza pandemics because it is high-yield and cost effective.
1562:
1418:
1403:
1373:
1368:
1223:
976:
971:
875:
520:
211:
142:
775:
1495:
1138:
1033:
966:
907:
902:
582:
473:
453:
347:
328:
229:
390:
264:
1282:
1272:
1133:
939:
822:
790:
716:
578:
469:
461:
81:
38:
1408:
1383:
1073:
1023:
382:
1457:
1028:
896:
465:
374:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1257:
1013:
949:
944:
157:
1018:
457:
137:
18:
1321:
1306:
592:
1316:
1201:
802:
736:
242:
109:
inoculations could be aimed to stimulate or feed the embryos
611:
290:
184:
Das, Razib; Mishra, Pravin; Jha, Rajesh (2021-11-11).
45:, the virus replicates in the cells that make up the
405:"In-Ovo Vaccination: Benefits for Small Hatcheries"
280:
360:
1474:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
1560:
276:
274:
434:
309:
271:
183:
441:
427:
354:
337:
327:
236:
219:
201:
100:
17:
303:
281:Hickling J, D'Hondt E (December 2006).
1561:
422:
179:
177:
175:
173:
13:
1501:Eradication of infectious diseases
1258:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
14:
1580:
1091:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
170:
120:injection could be considered as
1480:Alternative vaccination schedule
450:Artificial induction of immunity
65:forms. It is recommended by the
292:. pp. 1–34. Archived from
245:Advances in Veterinary Medicine
190:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
1312:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
397:
87:
1:
843:Group B streptococcal disease
662:Vaccines for Children Program
257:10.1016/S0065-3519(99)80037-8
163:
52:
7:
148:List of vaccine ingredients
131:
10:
1585:
96:
1519:
1488:
1427:
1359:
1250:
1222:
1189:
858:
689:
682:
601:
529:
481:
203:10.3389/fvets.2021.754246
67:World Health Organization
838:Clostridioides difficile
47:chorioallantoic membrane
1101:Tick-borne encephalitis
1511:List of vaccine topics
506:Mathematical modelling
329:10.1186/1743-422X-8-31
153:List of vaccine topics
110:
23:
1506:Vaccinate Your Family
957:Japanese encephalitis
104:
21:
1389:John Franklin Enders
570:Virus-like particle
494:Vaccine ingredients
63:inactivated vaccine
1546:Never to phase III
1345:Hexavalent vaccine
1159:Epstein–Barr virus
1054:Oxford–AstraZeneca
742:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
111:
59:attenuated vaccine
24:
1556:
1555:
1468:Vaccines and SIDS
1355:
1354:
1129:Hepatitis A and B
1105:Varicella zoster
562:Subunit/component
78:Newcastle disease
43:incubation period
1576:
1447:MMR autism fraud
1394:Maurice Hilleman
1379:Hilary Koprowski
687:
686:
443:
436:
429:
420:
419:
413:
412:
409:The Poultry Site
401:
395:
394:
358:
352:
351:
341:
331:
316:Virology Journal
307:
301:
300:
298:
287:
278:
269:
268:
240:
234:
233:
223:
205:
181:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1536:Clinical trials
1515:
1484:
1423:
1399:Stanley Plotkin
1361:
1351:
1263:Cancer vaccines
1246:
1240:Schistosomiasis
1218:
1212:Trypanosomiasis
1185:
1149:Cytomegalovirus
1059:Pfizer–BioNTech
854:
678:
627:Vaccine wastage
597:
525:
477:
447:
417:
416:
403:
402:
398:
375:10.2307/1592339
359:
355:
308:
304:
296:
285:
279:
272:
241:
237:
182:
171:
166:
134:
124:stimulation or
99:
90:
74:Avian influenza
55:
35:Avian influenza
12:
11:
5:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1414:Katalin KarikĂł
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1169:Herpes simplex
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1069:Sinopharm BIBP
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1019:Bharat Biotech
1016:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
990:
989:
984:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
953:
952:
947:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
885:
884:
883:
873:
868:
862:
860:
856:
855:
853:
852:
851:
850:
845:
840:
832:
831:
830:
825:
817:
812:
811:
810:
805:
795:
794:
793:
783:
778:
773:
772:
771:
766:
756:
751:
746:
745:
744:
739:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
693:
691:
684:
680:
679:
677:
676:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
646:
645:
644:
642:Vaccine injury
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
605:
603:
602:Administration
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
585:
576:
559:
558:
557:
552:
544:
539:
533:
531:
527:
526:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
502:
501:
491:
485:
483:
479:
478:
446:
445:
438:
431:
423:
415:
414:
396:
369:(4): 856–863.
363:Avian Diseases
353:
302:
299:on 2010-10-08.
270:
235:
168:
167:
165:
162:
161:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
133:
130:
98:
95:
89:
86:
54:
51:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1581:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1419:Drew Weissman
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:H. Fred Clark
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Louis Pasteur
1372:
1370:
1369:Edward Jenner
1367:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:DTwP-HepB-Hib
1338:
1336:
1335:DTaP-IPV-HepB
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:combination:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1224:Helminthiasis
1221:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:combination:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
898:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
882:
879:
878:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
857:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
829:
826:
824:
823:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
821:
820:
819:combination:
818:
816:
813:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
732:Meningococcus
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:Leptospirosis
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
692:
688:
685:
681:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
657:Vaccine court
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
612:GAVI Alliance
610:
609:
607:
606:
604:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
580:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
532:
528:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
424:
421:
410:
406:
400:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
357:
349:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
306:
295:
291:
284:
277:
275:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
239:
231:
227:
222:
217:
213:
209:
204:
199:
195:
191:
187:
180:
178:
176:
174:
169:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
143:Polio vaccine
141:
139:
136:
135:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
108:
103:
94:
93:antibodies.
85:
83:
82:Coronaviruses
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
50:
48:
44:
41:. During the
40:
39:coronaviruses
36:
32:
29:is Latin for
28:
20:
16:
1496:Epidemiology
1472:
1444:
1330:DTaP-IPV/Hib
1121:Yellow fever
1034:EpiVacCorona
786:Tuberculosis
759:Pneumococcal
727:Lyme disease
555:Heterologous
454:Immunization
408:
399:
366:
362:
356:
319:
315:
305:
294:the original
289:
248:
244:
238:
193:
189:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:
106:
91:
71:
56:
30:
26:
25:
15:
1569:Vaccination
1532:from market
1428:Controversy
1362:researchers
1278:Hepatitis B
1164:Hepatitis C
1109:Chicken pox
935:Hepatitis E
930:Hepatitis B
925:Hepatitis A
871:Chikungunya
848:Shigellosis
702:Brucellosis
588:Therapeutic
542:Inactivated
482:Development
470:Inoculation
462:Vaccination
251:: 495–515.
88:Vaccination
1463:Thiomersal
1409:Paul Offit
1384:Jonas Salk
1360:Inventors/
1231:research:
1208:research:
1145:research:
1074:Skycovione
1064:Sanofi–GSK
1009:SARS-CoV-2
920:Hantavirus
881:rVSV-ZEBOV
866:Adenovirus
834:research:
712:Diphtheria
550:Attenuated
196:: 754246.
164:References
53:Advantages
31:in the egg
1542:Phase III
1530:Withdrawn
1458:Pox party
1268:ALVAC-CEA
1190:Protozoan
1079:Sputnik V
1029:CoronaVac
999:Rotavirus
897:Pandemrix
749:Pertussis
690:Bacterial
574:Synthetic
537:Conjugate
489:Adjuvants
466:Infection
212:2297-1769
128:feeding.
80:(ND) and
1563:Category
1300:Prostvac
1293:Gardasil
1288:Cervarix
1235:Hookworm
1114:Shingles
1096:Smallpox
1014:Corbevax
950:Gardasil
945:Cervarix
683:Vaccines
637:Schedule
608:Global:
516:Timeline
458:Vaccines
348:21255403
230:34859087
158:Virosome
132:See also
1489:Related
1435:General
1197:Malaria
1084:Valneva
1049:Novavax
1044:Moderna
1039:Janssen
1024:CanSino
1004:Rubella
962:Measles
828:Td/Tdap
798:Typhoid
781:Tetanus
776:Q fever
707:Cholera
697:Anthrax
566:Peptide
530:Classes
511:Storage
391:9454919
383:1592339
339:3032716
265:9890038
221:8632539
138:Vaccine
97:Feeding
1525:WHO-EM
1445:Lancet
1322:TA-NIC
1307:NicVAX
1154:Dengue
994:Rabies
815:Typhus
754:Plague
632:Policy
593:Toxoid
521:Trials
389:
381:
346:
336:
322:: 31.
263:
228:
218:
210:
126:in ovo
122:in ovo
118:in ovo
114:In ovo
107:in ovo
76:(AI),
27:In ovo
1453:NCVIA
1317:TA-CD
1251:Other
1202:RTS,S
982:Sabin
977:Polio
972:Mumps
876:Ebola
859:Viral
808:ViCPS
803:Ty21a
737:MeNZB
667:VAERS
617:NITAG
546:Live
379:JSTOR
297:(PDF)
286:(PDF)
1179:Zika
1139:MMRV
987:Salk
967:Mpox
913:LAIV
908:H5N8
903:H5N1
893:H1N1
769:PPSV
652:ACIP
648:US:
622:SAGE
583:mRNA
499:list
387:PMID
344:PMID
261:PMID
226:PMID
208:ISSN
105:The
61:and
37:and
1440:MMR
1283:HPV
1273:BCG
1174:HIV
1134:MMR
940:HPV
888:Flu
791:BCG
764:PCV
717:Hib
672:VSD
579:DNA
474:J07
371:doi
334:PMC
324:doi
253:doi
216:PMC
198:doi
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