307:
Submissions were sought, and the
Authority conducted an audit of child abuse cases throughout New Zealand, investigating individual complaints about police responses to child abuse allegations. The IPCA chairman, Justice Lowell Goddard, said the scale of the inquiry had been unprecedented for the Authority and concluded "there were serious failures in the Police investigation of child abuse, which must never be repeated". The IPCA made 34 recommendations. The police responded positively, and Commissioner Howard Broad established a Child Protection Implementation Project Team that has since led substantial changes to police policies, practices, and procedures.
325:
in police cells has more than doubled since 2009. It said that "youths in crisis are being locked up in police cells and denied their human rights." Police practices that "are, or risk being, inconsistent with accepted human rights" include: being held in solitary confinement; having cell lights on 24 hours a day; family members being prevented access; and not being allowed to see the doctor when they have medical or mental health problems. The IPCA made 24 recommendations into how police can improve the detention and treatment of young people in custody.
352:
262:
not make all its findings public. After an IPCA investigation, following a complaint from Mii
Teokotaia of Tokoroa after she was arrested in the 2005, before the charges were dropped, the IPCA "deemed them not of sufficient public interest" to release the report, despite senior Police involvement. The IPCA chairman said in February 2013 that the IPCA is "now likely to reporting on all investigations unless there's an overwhelming private interest that's paramount."
289:"the risk to public safety from not stopping an offender" the main consideration, however Police have chosen not to implement this recommendation. After the deaths of three people in a police pursuit in 2012, the IPCA recommended that pursuit policy would should require officers to "state a reason for beginning a pursuit." It also recommended compulsory alcohol and drug testing of police officers involved in fatal incidents.
49:. Under section 12(1) of the Act, the Authority's functions are to receive complaints alleging misconduct or neglect of duty by police employees; or concerning any practice, policy, or procedure of New Zealand Police and to take action as contemplated by the Act. It may also investigate any police incident involving death or serious bodily harm and make recommendations to the
253:. It is not part of the police and is required to make its findings based on the facts and the law. It does not answer to the police or anyone else over those findings and in this sense, its independence is similar to that of a Court. The Authority's status as an independent Crown entity means that there is no political involvement in its operations. Former Chair, Judge Sir
237:
officer. If a complaint may lead to an officer being charged with a criminal offence, the police are required to conduct an investigation, as the IPCA does not have the power to lay charges. However, the IPCA can conduct a parallel investigation, oversee or directing the police investigation, or reviewing the police investigation once it is completed.
114:. And in August 2010, parliament appointed three new board members to the authority: Angela Hauk-Willis, a former deputy secretary of treasury, with special responsibility for corporate governance, Maori responsiveness, and ethics and integrity; Dianne Macaskill chief executive and chief archivist at Archives New Zealand from 2001 to 2009; and
339:
which occurred on 15 October 2007. It said police were justified in undertaking the operation but police acted illegally when they entered the homes of people who were not suspects and gave them reason to think they were detained while their houses were searched. The road blocks established by police
324:
In
October 2012, the Authority issued a report on the treatment of teenagers held in police cells following reports in January 2012 about two young girls who were detained and strip-searched by Upper Hutt police. The IPCA launched a wider investigation which found that the number of youths being held
101:
Dame
Margaret's inquiry identified the inadequacy of police investigations into misconduct by their own officers and recommended that a more independent investigative body was needed. In November 2007, the Independent Police Conduct Authority was established as a Board of up to five members headed by
85:
was established on 1 April 1989. The Police
Complaints Authority was made up by a single investigator and a small support staff. The first Authority was High Court Judge Peter Quilliam. Because of its reliance on police to investigate themselves, the Authority was perceived as not being independent.
317:
between 2000 and 2010. The report revealed there had been 27 such deaths in the last ten years and raised serious concerns about inadequate risk assessment procedures used by police. Following their review, the IPCA made 20 recommendations, including better training being provided to officers about
288:
In 2009, the IPCA released a report which found that out of 137 recent chases, only 31 were started because of known criminal activity. The IPCA recommended that the decision to pursue be based on known facts, rather than general suspicion or speculation about the offender and suggested police make
265:
Concerns have been raised that the ICPA is slow to release reports, however in response to these concerns the IPCA stated "the IPCA takes great care with its investigations and releases its reports once it is fully satisfied they are thorough, accurate, balanced and complete. Justice will always be
261:
The IPCA has no ability to prosecute police, and can only make recommendations, which the police are not obliged to follow. In 2013, Sir David
Carruthers, who had just been named the IPCA's head, said that he was considering supporting new powers of arrest and prosecution for the Authority. In does
236:
In cases involving fatalities or allegations of serious misconduct, the
Authority conducts its own investigations. It may also investigate incidents in which there is a significant public interest in having an independent investigation, for example when allegations are made against a senior police
62:
154:
The IPCA employs 25–30 full-time staff including investigators, analysts, legal advisors, communications and support staff. The official website indicates that its current and former investigators have backgrounds in police and other investigative work in
Australia, Canada, England, Scotland, New
306:
which began in August 2009. This followed a Police report in 2008 which found widespread failings in management of child abuse cases in the
Wairarapa District. Those failings included poor case management and workload management, poor supervision, and a lack of accountability and responsibility.
232:
Where considered appropriate, the
Authority will independently investigate a complaint or incident; however a number of matters are referred to police each year for either investigation or resolution by way of mutual agreement with the complainant. The IPCA oversees the police handling of these
257:
stated that he believes the IPCA should be able to conduct "own motion" investigations, similar to those conducted by the Ombudsman. He said there were stories in the media about police conduct and behaviour where the IPCA does not necessarily receive a formal complaint, meaning no independent
340:
at Ruatoki and Taneatua used to detain and search people were also "unlawful, unjustified and unreasonable". Chairman Sir David Carruthers said: "The authority recommends that police re-engage with Tuhoe and take appropriate steps to build bridges with the Ruatoki community."
61:. Other agencies with responsibility for monitoring places of detention include the Human Rights Commission, the Children's Commissioner and the Ombudsmen. Together, these agencies including the IPCA, have joint responsibility to uphold New Zealand's commitment to the
318:
the dangers associated with restraining people in a prone position with their hands tied behind their back and that detainees who are unconscious or semi-conscious and cannot answer questions and/or physically look after themselves "must be taken to hospital".
266:
our priority over speed." In February 2013, former IPCA chairman Sir David Carruthers said he hoped to speed inquiries up acknowledging that it is "very cruel on everybody, families, victims and police officers too when investigations dragged on over years".
158:
The Authority's team-approach to its work ensures that no one person is solely responsible for the decision-making processes around investigations and their outcomes and that the appropriate expertise and level of independence is applied in every case.
240:
Police Association President Greg O'Connor in 2013 said the reason most complaints to the IPCA weren't investigated was because they were "frivolous" and made by "perennial complainers who complain about everything to everyone".
155:
Zealand and other jurisdictions. Their collective experience includes investigation of homicides, organised crime, drug enforcement, fraud and corruption, terrorism, war crimes, and a wide range of other criminal conduct.
56:
The Authority also monitors conditions of detention and treatment of detainees in police custody. In this respect, the IPCA is one of several 'national preventive mechanisms' designated in 2007 under an amendment to the
93:
announced a Commission would be established to carry out an independent investigation into the way in which the New Zealand Police had dealt with allegations of sexual assault. The investigation was conducted by Dame
295:
The IPCA is required to investigate all police shootings and has found that in all seven police shootings in the past ten years, that Police were lawfully justified in using lethal force to defend themselves.
133:, was appointed chair of the Independent Police Conduct Authority for a term of five years. Soon after he took over, he said he wanted to see more of the watchdog's work opened to public scrutiny.
126:
77:
Prior to 1989, complaints against the police were investigated internally by police. Following several years of debate about police accountability, sparked in part by the role of Police during the
86:
Allan Galbraith, was appointed as the Authority's first Manager of Investigations in 2003 and held that position until 2010. He had been a member of the New Zealand Police for 37 years.
229:
The Authority receives about 2500 complaints and incident reports every year, After gathering information an assessment is made on the appropriate resolution approach to be adopted.
136:
89:
In 2004, a number of historic sexual misconduct allegations dating from the 1980s were made against both serving and former police officers. During that year, Prime Minister
98:
and took three years. It reviewed 313 complaints of sexual assault against 222 police officers, including 141 that Dame Margaret said were credible enough for legal action.
790:
275:
58:
78:
805:
483:
332:
190:
628:
800:
560:
795:
663:
119:
139:
reappointing Dianne Macaskill and appointing Simon Murdoch CNZM as part time members of the Authority for a term of three years.
710:
17:
604:
143:
63:
Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
639:
592:
687:
365:
736:
723:
452:
279:
218:
211:
506:
50:
616:
698:
548:
314:
771:
759:
747:
651:
581:
437:
46:
384:
274:
The Authority regularly releases reports on its investigations and makes these publicly available on its
413:
233:
complaints, usually by conducting a review or audit of the police investigation after it is completed.
102:
a Judge. The new Authority was mandated to focus on conducting investigations independent from police.
471:
204:
130:
115:
183:
303:
176:
518:
425:
8:
495:
278:. Historical reports are also available as is information about its operations including
16:
This article is about the New Zealand authority. For similarly named organisations, see
533:
357:
250:
42:
401:
34:
254:
41:) is an independent civilian oversight body that considers complaints against the
95:
122:, and from 2008 was chairperson of the Environmental Risk Management Authority.
45:
and oversees their conduct. It derives its responsibilities and powers from the
280:
Annual reports, Statements of Intent and Statements of Performance Expectations
197:
169:
111:
784:
90:
336:
142:
Judge Sir David Carruthers retired in August 2017 and was succeeded by
688:
Authority urges continued momentum for change in abuse investigations
676:
110:
At its inception, the new authority was headed by High Court Judge,
500:
66:
737:
Joint thematic review of young person's in police detention
724:
Joint thematic review of young person's in police detention
302:
In 2011, the IPCA released a report on the outcome of its
699:
Deaths in Police custody – lessons from a ten-year review
582:
Police watchdog wants ability to launch its own inquiries
313:
In June 2012 the IPCA released a comprehensive report on
760:
Editorial: Raids report offers lessons for the future
629:
Stress for police after 22 months and still no report
347:
146:
as chair of the authority for a term of five years.
791:Specialist law enforcement agencies of New Zealand
304:Inquiry into Police handling of child abuse cases
244:
118:, who from 1999 to 2006, was the director of the
79:1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand
782:
529:
527:
772:Police acted 'unlawfully' during Urewera raids
675:The details of each case are contained on the
544:
542:
137:In 2015 Parliament approved a Notice of Motion
467:
465:
524:
484:Editorial: IPCA must explain Parlane secrecy
692:
577:
575:
573:
539:
397:
395:
393:
269:
224:
748:Report: Troubled teens denied human rights
711:Police watchdog to look into teens' ordeal
645:
622:
477:
462:
453:Former cop's job on line after abuse claim
640:Police: 'No perfect solution' to pursuits
605:Delay in police-raid inquiry 'an outrage'
593:Trust in police hits new low survey shows
561:Most IPCA complaints 'frivolous' – police
120:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
664:Officer should have stopped chase – IPCA
570:
426:New Zealand Police Commission of Inquiry
390:
47:Independent Police Conduct Authority Act
610:
448:
446:
431:
322:Treatment of teenagers in police cells:
806:New Zealand independent crown entities
783:
18:List of police complaints authorities
443:
438:Police get 'culture change' hurry up
162:
27:Independent Police Conduct Authority
13:
801:1989 establishments in New Zealand
14:
817:
796:Organizations established in 1989
249:The IPCA is independent from the
39:Mana Whanonga Pirihimana Motuhake
617:Shamed cop given plum London job
366:Police corruption in New Zealand
350:
149:
765:
753:
741:
729:
716:
713:, Dominion Post, 3 October 2012
704:
681:
669:
657:
633:
619:, Stuff website 23 October 2010
598:
595:, Stuff website 16 October 2012
586:
554:
549:What happens to your complaint?
511:
207:KNZM (April 2012 – August 2017)
53:based on those investigations.
507:Suspect's death prompts review
488:
419:
407:
385:Monitoring places of detention
378:
335:into police action during the
245:Independence and effectiveness
1:
607:Stuff website 13 October 2012
371:
105:
666:, Dominion Post, 10 May 2013
654:, NZ Herald 25 November 2010
286:Deaths from police pursuits:
258:investigation is conducted.
7:
750:, NZ Herald 23 October 2012
343:
83:Police Complaints Authority
10:
822:
440:, NZ Herald 7 January 2011
293:Police involved shootings:
217:Judge Kenneth Johnston KC
72:
15:
642:Dominion Post 18 May 2013
311:Deaths in police custody:
129:, former chairman of the
125:In April 2012, Judge Sir
333:IPCA released its report
315:deaths in police custody
270:Significant IPCA reports
225:Resolution of complaints
131:New Zealand Parole Board
186:(July 1997 – June 2000)
51:Commissioner of Police
38:
774:NZ Herald 22 May 2013
762:NZ Herald 23 May 2013
652:The chase is still on
59:Crimes of Torture Act
472:People and structure
220:(May 2023 – Present)
184:Neville Clarke Jaine
701:, IPCA 30 June 2012
144:Judge Colin Doherty
567:. 10 October 2013.
519:Annual Report 2011
358:New Zealand portal
300:Child abuse cases:
251:New Zealand Police
43:New Zealand Police
496:Work for the IPCA
331:In May 2013, the
175:Hon. Justice Sir
168:Hon. Justice Sir
163:IPCA Chairpersons
813:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
579:
568:
558:
552:
546:
537:
531:
522:
515:
509:
504:
498:
492:
486:
481:
475:
469:
460:
450:
441:
435:
429:
428:, Police website
423:
417:
411:
405:
399:
388:
382:
360:
355:
354:
353:
255:David Carruthers
205:David Carruthers
200:QC (2007 – 2012)
127:David Carruthers
821:
820:
816:
815:
814:
812:
811:
810:
781:
780:
779:
778:
770:
766:
758:
754:
746:
742:
734:
730:
721:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
686:
682:
674:
670:
662:
658:
650:
646:
638:
634:
627:
623:
615:
611:
603:
599:
591:
587:
580:
571:
559:
555:
547:
540:
532:
525:
516:
512:
505:
501:
493:
489:
482:
478:
470:
463:
451:
444:
436:
432:
424:
420:
414:Allan Galbraith
412:
408:
400:
391:
383:
379:
374:
356:
351:
349:
346:
272:
247:
227:
165:
152:
108:
96:Margaret Bazley
75:
21:
12:
11:
5:
819:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
777:
776:
764:
752:
740:
728:
715:
703:
691:
680:
668:
656:
644:
632:
621:
609:
597:
585:
569:
553:
538:
536:, IPCA website
523:
510:
499:
494:IPCA website,
487:
476:
474:, IPCA website
461:
459:, 4 April 2010
442:
430:
418:
416:, IPCA website
406:
404:, IPCA website
389:
387:, IPCA website
376:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
362:
361:
345:
342:
329:Urewera raids:
271:
268:
246:
243:
226:
223:
222:
221:
215:
208:
201:
198:Lowell Goddard
194:
187:
180:
173:
170:Peter Quilliam
164:
161:
151:
148:
112:Lowell Goddard
107:
104:
74:
71:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
818:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
773:
768:
761:
756:
749:
744:
738:
735:IPCA website
732:
725:
719:
712:
707:
700:
695:
689:
684:
678:
677:IPCA website.
672:
665:
660:
653:
648:
641:
636:
630:
625:
618:
613:
606:
601:
594:
589:
583:
578:
576:
574:
566:
562:
557:
550:
545:
543:
535:
530:
528:
520:
514:
508:
503:
497:
491:
485:
480:
473:
468:
466:
458:
454:
449:
447:
439:
434:
427:
422:
415:
410:
403:
398:
396:
394:
386:
381:
377:
367:
364:
363:
359:
348:
341:
338:
337:Urewera raids
334:
330:
326:
323:
319:
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
281:
277:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
242:
238:
234:
230:
219:
216:
214:(2017 – 2023)
213:
212:Colin Doherty
209:
206:
202:
199:
196:Hon. Justice
195:
193:(2000 – 2007)
192:
188:
185:
181:
179:(1992 – 1997)
178:
177:John Jeffries
174:
172:(1989 – 1992)
171:
167:
166:
160:
156:
150:Investigators
147:
145:
140:
138:
134:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
116:Richard Woods
113:
103:
99:
97:
92:
87:
84:
80:
70:
68:
64:
60:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
767:
755:
743:
731:
718:
706:
694:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
624:
612:
600:
588:
564:
556:
551:IPCA website
534:Independence
513:
502:
490:
479:
456:
433:
421:
409:
380:
328:
327:
321:
320:
310:
309:
299:
298:
292:
291:
285:
284:
273:
264:
260:
248:
239:
235:
231:
228:
157:
153:
141:
135:
124:
109:
100:
88:
82:
76:
55:
30:
26:
24:
22:
91:Helen Clark
785:Categories
372:References
203:Judge Sir
191:Ian Borrin
106:Membership
565:3 News NZ
722:website
344:See also
402:History
276:website
73:History
521:, p 17
210:Judge
189:Judge
182:Judge
81:, the
517:IPCA
457:Stuff
67:OPCAT
35:Māori
726:p 39
31:IPCA
25:The
69:).
787::
572:^
563:.
541:^
526:^
464:^
455:,
445:^
392:^
282:.
37::
33:,
65:(
29:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.