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91: 36: 1072:) need not commute. Further, diagrams may be impossible to draw (because they are infinite) or simply messy (because there are too many objects or morphisms); however, schematic commutative diagrams (for subcategories of the index category, or with ellipses, such as for a directed system) are used to clarify such complex diagrams. 968:
with few elements: one draws a commutative diagram with a node for every object in the index category, and an arrow for a generating set of morphisms, omitting identity maps and morphisms that can be expressed as compositions. The commutativity corresponds to the uniqueness of a map between two
300:, the change in terminology reflects a change in perspective, just as in the set theoretic case: one fixes the index category, and allows the functor (and, secondarily, the target category) to vary. 571:, one discovers additional structure in constructions built from the diagram, structure that would not be evident if one only had an index set with no relations between the objects in the index. 1032: 638: 709: 1070: 447: 1004: 666: 416: 551:, and the colimit would simply be the binary coproduct. Thus, this example shows an important way in which the idea of the diagram generalizes that of the 109: 54: 972:
Not every diagram commutes, as not every index category is a poset category: most simply, the diagram of a single object with an endomorphism
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objects in a poset category. Conversely, every commutative diagram represents a diagram (a functor from a poset index category) in this way.
220: 116:; the article must starts with this, and explain why the content of the article is a formalization of this representation. 1011: 1220: 1188: 1158: 1125: 131: 72: 17: 1203: 611: 1199: 1086: 795: 670: 602: 1037: 425: 520: 481: 977: 878:. That is, a cone through which all other cones uniquely factor. If the limit exists in a category 184:. A diagram is a collection of objects and morphisms, indexed by a fixed category; equivalently, a 105: 50: 1150: 112:, especially: For most readers, diagrams are graphical representations such as those presented in 863: 716: 477: 1112: 398:. Notationally, one often uses an underbar to denote the constant diagram: thus, for any object 1279: 943: 816: 574: 516: 339: 213: 799: 1142: 961: 712: 1207: 492:
is the discrete category with two objects, the resulting limit is just the binary product.
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are largely irrelevant; only the way in which they are interrelated matters. The diagram
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is the limit and its left adjoint is the colimit. A cone can be thought of as a
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Although, technically, there is no difference between an individual
164:. The primary difference is that in the categorical setting one has 1271: 273:
is thought of as indexing a collection of objects and morphisms in
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provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
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Sheaves in geometry and logic a first introduction to topos theory
843:. The constant diagram is the diagram which sends every object of 1275: 903: 224: 172:
is a collection of sets, indexed by a fixed set; equivalently, a
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One is most often interested in the case where the scheme
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Adámek, Jiří; Horst Herrlich; George E. Strecker (1990).
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Indexed collection of objects and morphisms in a category
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Diagrams and functor categories are often visualized by
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from the diagonal functor to some arbitrary diagram.
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is called "two parallel morphisms", or sometimes the
614: 428: 404: 361:, and a diagram is then an object in this category. 1229:
Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften (278)
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may be too technical for most readers to understand
1195:Now available as free on-line edition (4.2MB PDF). 1064: 1027:{\displaystyle \bullet \rightrightarrows \bullet } 1026: 998: 703: 660: 632: 441: 410: 964:, particularly if the index category is a finite 914:. If the colimit exists for all diagrams of type 1287: 1140: 382:, which is the diagram that maps all objects in 855:and every morphism to the identity morphism on 1270:. Manipulation and visualization of objects, 1227:Revised and corrected free online version of 342:between functors. One can then interpret the 798:of objects and morphisms. If the diagram is 1141:Mac Lane, Saunders; Moerdijk, Ieke (1992). 1120:. University of Chicago Press. p. 16. 934:The universal functor of a diagram is the 835:is a morphism from the constant diagram Δ( 555:in set theory: by including the morphisms 1198: 931:which sends each diagram to its colimit. 476:). When used in the construction of the 132:Learn how and when to remove this message 73:Learn how and when to remove this message 57:, without removing the technical details. 949: 899:which sends each diagram to its limit. 14: 1288: 1149:. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp.  1114:A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology 633:{\displaystyle J=0\rightrightarrows 1} 581:= −1 → 0 ← +1, then a diagram of type 499:= −1 ← 0 → +1, then a diagram of type 265:. The actual objects and morphisms in 110:providing more context for the reader 55:make it understandable to non-experts 1274:, commutative diagrams, categories, 258:; the functor is sometimes called a 168:that also need indexing. An indexed 84: 29: 1110: 810: 24: 704:{\displaystyle (f,g\colon X\to Y)} 315:category. A diagram is said to be 156:is the categorical analogue of an 25: 1307: 1266:is a category theory package for 1248: 1177:Abstract and Concrete Categories 1065:{\displaystyle f,g\colon X\to Y} 747:together with a unique morphism 484:; for the colimit, one gets the 442:{\displaystyle {\underline {A}}} 89: 34: 422:, one has the constant diagram 330:A morphism of diagrams of type 1134: 1104: 1056: 1018: 999:{\displaystyle f\colon X\to X} 990: 698: 692: 674: 624: 13: 1: 1209:Toposes, Triples and Theories 1097: 1008:or with two parallel arrows ( 199: 394:to the identity morphism on 7: 1075: 364: 10: 1312: 953: 1183:. John Wiley & Sons. 910:is a universal cone from 882:for all diagrams of type 734:, then a diagram of type 460:, then a diagram of type 488:. So, for example, when 1280:natural transformations 1231:Springer-Verlag, 1983). 790:then a diagram of type 738:is a family of objects 719:, and its colimit is a 519:, and its colimit is a 464:is essentially just an 390:, and all morphisms of 1066: 1028: 1000: 944:natural transformation 886:one obtains a functor 705: 662: 634: 443: 412: 340:natural transformation 1067: 1029: 1001: 802:then it is called an 706: 663: 635: 601:, and its limit is a 444: 413: 1038: 1012: 978: 962:commutative diagrams 950:Commutative diagrams 671: 652: 648:. A diagram of type 612: 480:, the result is the 426: 402: 344:category of diagrams 1111:May, J. P. (1999). 956:Commutative diagram 527:and the two arrows 188:from a fixed index 176:from a fixed index 114:commutative diagram 106:improve the article 1062: 1024: 996: 918:one has a functor 715:; its limit is an 701: 658: 630: 439: 437: 408: 661:{\displaystyle J} 577:to the above, if 458:discrete category 430: 411:{\displaystyle A} 370:Given any object 142: 141: 134: 83: 82: 75: 16:(Redirected from 1303: 1226: 1214: 1194: 1182: 1165: 1164: 1148: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1119: 1108: 1082:Diagonal functor 1071: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1002: 997: 936:diagonal functor 811:Cones and limits 710: 708: 707: 702: 667: 665: 664: 659: 639: 637: 636: 631: 448: 446: 445: 440: 438: 417: 415: 414: 409: 380:constant diagram 356:functor category 180:to the class of 137: 130: 126: 123: 117: 93: 92: 85: 78: 71: 67: 64: 58: 38: 37: 30: 21: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1286: 1285: 1255:Diagram Chasing 1251: 1246: 1223: 1212: 1191: 1180: 1169: 1168: 1161: 1139: 1135: 1128: 1117: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1078: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1013: 1010: 1009: 979: 976: 975: 973: 958: 952: 929: 897: 813: 773: 764: 755: 746: 672: 669: 668: 653: 650: 649: 613: 610: 609: 429: 427: 424: 423: 403: 400: 399: 367: 263:-shaped diagram 254:of the diagram 240: 202: 146:category theory 138: 127: 121: 118: 103: 94: 90: 79: 68: 62: 59: 51:help improve it 48: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1309: 1299: 1298: 1284: 1283: 1261: 1250: 1249:External links 1247: 1245: 1244: 1232: 1221: 1204:Wells, Charles 1196: 1189: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1159: 1133: 1126: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1092:Inverse system 1089: 1084: 1077: 1074: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1023: 1020: 1017: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 966:poset category 954:Main article: 951: 948: 920: 888: 872:universal cone 812: 809: 808: 807: 804:inverse system 769: 760: 751: 742: 732:poset category 724: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 657: 646:walking quiver 629: 626: 623: 620: 617: 606: 572: 493: 468:of objects in 466:indexed family 450: 436: 433: 407: 378:, one has the 366: 363: 334:in a category 248:index category 246:is called the 228: 201: 198: 170:family of sets 158:indexed family 148:, a branch of 140: 139: 97: 95: 88: 81: 80: 42: 40: 33: 26: 18:Index category 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1308: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1224: 1222:0-387-96115-1 1218: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1200:Barr, Michael 1197: 1192: 1190:0-471-60922-6 1186: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1162: 1160:9780387977102 1156: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1137: 1129: 1127:0-226-51183-9 1123: 1116: 1115: 1107: 1103: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1087:Direct system 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1059: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1021: 1015: 993: 987: 984: 981: 970: 967: 963: 957: 947: 945: 941: 940:right adjoint 937: 932: 928: 924: 921:colim : 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 900: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 866:of a diagram 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 847:to an object 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 823:of a diagram 822: 818: 805: 801: 800:contravariant 797: 796:direct system 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 772: 768: 763: 759: 754: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 722: 718: 714: 695: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 655: 647: 643: 627: 621: 618: 615: 607: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 573: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 456:is a (small) 455: 451: 434: 431: 421: 405: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 368: 362: 360: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 328: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 292:or between a 291: 287: 282: 280: 277:patterned on 276: 272: 268: 264: 262: 257: 253: 249: 245: 242:The category 239: 235: 231: 227: 226: 222: 218: 215: 211: 207: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 136: 133: 125: 115: 111: 107: 101: 98:This article 96: 87: 86: 77: 74: 66: 56: 52: 46: 43:This article 41: 32: 31: 19: 1239: 1228: 1208: 1176: 1144: 1136: 1113: 1106: 971: 959: 933: 930: 926: 922: 915: 911: 907: 902:Dually, the 901: 898: 894: 890: 883: 879: 875: 867: 861: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 819:with vertex 814: 794:is called a 791: 783: 779: 775: 770: 766: 761: 757: 752: 748: 743: 739: 735: 727: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 568: 564: 560: 556: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 489: 473: 472:(indexed by 469: 461: 453: 419: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 358: 351: 347: 343: 335: 331: 329: 324: 320: 316: 304: 302: 297: 293: 289: 285: 283: 278: 274: 270: 266: 260: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 241: 237: 233: 229: 216: 209: 205: 204:Formally, a 203: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 153: 143: 128: 119: 104:Please help 99: 69: 60: 44: 1268:Mathematica 906:of diagram 889:lim : 721:coequalizer 642:free quiver 150:mathematics 1098:References 711:is then a 608:The index 200:Definition 162:set theory 1272:morphisms 1259:MathWorld 1057:→ 1051:: 1022:∙ 1019:⇉ 1016:∙ 991:→ 985:: 774:whenever 717:equalizer 693:→ 687:: 625:⇉ 553:index set 486:coproduct 435:_ 323:whenever 221:covariant 166:morphisms 122:June 2023 63:June 2023 1296:Functors 1290:Category 1276:functors 1264:WildCats 1206:(2002). 1076:See also 925:→ 893:→ 827: : 788:directed 756: : 603:pullback 365:Examples 346:of type 311:or even 298:category 236:→ 232: : 214:category 208:of type 194:category 192:to some 190:category 174:function 1237:at the 1235:diagram 904:colimit 644:or the 597:) is a 521:pushout 515:) is a 482:product 354:as the 290:functor 286:diagram 250:or the 225:functor 206:diagram 186:functor 154:diagram 49:Please 1219:  1187:  1157:  1124:  938:; its 713:quiver 599:cospan 321:finite 313:finite 296:and a 294:scheme 288:and a 252:scheme 219:is a ( 1213:(PDF) 1181:(PDF) 1153:–23. 1118:(PDF) 870:is a 864:limit 839:) to 782:. If 730:is a 478:limit 338:is a 317:small 309:small 307:is a 212:in a 1217:ISBN 1185:ISBN 1155:ISBN 1122:ISBN 862:The 817:cone 575:Dual 547:and 517:span 327:is. 182:sets 152:, a 1257:at 1242:Lab 874:to 851:of 786:is 726:If 495:If 452:If 418:in 386:to 374:in 350:in 319:or 178:set 160:in 144:In 108:by 53:to 1292:: 1278:, 1215:. 1202:; 1151:20 1034:; 1006:), 859:. 831:→ 815:A 778:≤ 765:→ 753:ij 593:← 589:→ 567:→ 563:, 559:→ 539:→ 535:, 531:→ 511:→ 507:← 281:. 238:C. 223:) 196:. 1282:. 1240:n 1225:. 1193:. 1163:. 1130:. 1060:Y 1054:X 1048:g 1045:, 1042:f 994:X 988:X 982:f 974:( 927:C 923:C 916:J 912:D 908:D 895:C 891:C 884:J 880:C 876:D 868:D 857:N 853:C 849:N 845:J 841:D 837:N 833:C 829:J 825:D 821:N 806:. 792:J 784:J 780:j 776:i 771:j 767:D 762:i 758:D 749:f 744:i 740:D 736:J 728:J 723:. 699:) 696:Y 690:X 684:g 681:, 678:f 675:( 656:J 628:1 622:0 619:= 616:J 605:. 595:C 591:B 587:A 585:( 583:J 579:J 569:C 565:B 561:A 557:B 549:C 545:A 541:C 537:B 533:A 529:B 525:B 513:C 509:B 505:A 503:( 501:J 497:J 490:J 474:J 470:C 462:J 454:J 449:. 432:A 420:C 406:A 396:A 392:J 388:A 384:J 376:C 372:A 359:C 352:C 348:J 336:C 332:J 325:J 305:J 279:J 275:C 271:D 267:J 261:J 256:D 244:J 234:J 230:D 217:C 210:J 135:) 129:( 124:) 120:( 102:. 76:) 70:( 65:) 61:( 47:. 20:)

Index

Index category
help improve it
make it understandable to non-experts
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improve the article
providing more context for the reader
commutative diagram
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category theory
mathematics
indexed family
set theory
morphisms
family of sets
category
covariant
functor
small
finite
natural transformation
functor category
discrete category
indexed family
limit
product
coproduct
span
pushout
index set
Dual

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