589:
885:
676:
483:
753:
901:
789:
837:
805:
42:
773:
83:
360:
853:
869:
821:
287:. In 1816, the Indian Department in both Canadas was subordinated to the British commander-in-chief. The Department was again in 1830 divided into two departments; one in Upper Canada under the Lieutenant Governor, one in Lower Canada under the Military Secretary to the Governor General. The two departments were again merged and coming under the Governor General in 1840.
695:
Given the increased military importance of the Indian
Department following the War of 1812, the separate branches in Upper and Lower Canada were reunified under the military control of the Commander of the Forces in 1816. In 1830, the Indian Department was again divided into separate Upper and Lower
339:
Initially, the administration of Indian
Affairs in British America was divided into two geographical departments. The superintendent of the northern department, responsible for negotiations with the Indians living north of the Ohio River, was Sir William Johnson who held the position until his death
206:
During its existence, the Indian
Department served both a diplomatic and a military role. Its daily responsibilities were largely civil in nature, such as the administration of justice, the management of the fur trade, and the employment of blacksmiths, teachers, and missionaries. At the same time,
535:
of 1783, it also contained a clause allowing
Indigenous peoples to freely cross back and forth across the newly established international border. This clause allowed the Indian Department to continue to maintain close connections with Indigenous communities living in U.S. territory, such as the
242:
1768); distribute the gifts that the government gave to the indigenous people in order to create goodwill. First
Nations who lived on American territory in the Midwest received gifts until 1830; in war, induce First Nations to support Britain with auxiliary troops (during the War of 1812, the
734:, and the Governor General assumed direct oversight of the Indian Department. In practice, his secretary handled most of the day-to-day operations of the department. This situation continued until 1860, when the British government transferred responsibility for the Indian Department to the
381:, the Indian Department proved to be one of the most effective military forces at the disposal of the British Empire. Many Indigenous communities were bitterly opposed to the American settlers who had risen in rebellion, and therefore they made natural allies to the Loyalist cause.
738:. During the fifteen years leading up to the transfer of the Indian Department, many of its old practises were discarded, including most prominently the annual giving of presents to those Indigenous communities who were in alliance with the British Crown.
530:
between the United States and the
British Empire in 1796. While this treaty stipulated that the British, including the Indian Department, had to withdraw from the posts on American territory that the Empire had continued to occupy in defiance of the
711:. In Lower Canada, Duncan Campbell Napier became the senior member of the Indian Department following the death of Sir John Johnson in 1830. Napier remained at the head of the Indian Department in what is today Quebec until his retirement in 1857.
506:
During much of the period after the
Revolution, the Indian Department was deeply concerned with the ongoing struggle between the Indigenous communities of the Ohio Valley and the young American republic. In the 1790s, this conflict flared into the
544:
Following the outbreak of the
Revolutionary War, and again after the signing of Jay's Treaty, many members of the Indian Department removed themselves from their homes in what is today the United States and established themselves in Canada as
658:
in 1783, the
Indigenous communities that had taken up arms as allies of the British were once again abandoned. There is substantial evidence that this betrayal deeply disturbed the members of the British Indian Department. Lieutenant Colonel
425:
was largely successful in destroying the corn fields and villages of the Six
Nations. In revenge, Sir John Johnson and his Indigenous allies carried out a substantial raid against the settlements of upstate New York in 1780, known as the
923:
The Indian Department did not belong to the army but was organized along military lines. During wars, the Department's officers in the field acted as instructors and advisers to the auxiliary forces made available by the First Nations.
608:. Indeed, many members of the Department, like George Ironside Sr. and Matthew Elliott, had family connections to the Shawnee. Other prominent members of the Department during the War of 1812 include Joseph Brant's son,
600:, mobilizing warriors to defeat the United States in a number of important battles from Montreal to the Mississippi River. The Indian Department was particularly important in supporting the revival movement led by
307:, the area of responsibility became limited to Canada and the departments were formally merged into one organization. The office of superintendent was abolished in 1844 and the direct leadership was taken over
1864:
Leslie, John F. (1985). Commissions of Inquiry into Indian Affairs in the Canadas, 1828-1858: Evolving a Corporate Memory for the Indian Department (Report). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. p. 132.
493:
After the end of the Revolutionary War, Guy Johnson was removed from his position as Superintendent General of the Indian Department on suspicion of corruption. He was replaced by his brother-in-law Sir
230:
During the period 1755–1830, the mission of the Indian Department can be summarized as protecting the indigenous peoples from exploitation by traders and land speculators (one of the goals of the
650:
During the war, the British Indian Department made repeated promises that the First Nations would not be abandoned in any peace treaty made with the United States. Despite these assurances, the
427:
303:. During the American Revolutionary War, the Southern Department was divided into two; one in the west and one in the east. In 1782 the departments received a common superintendent. After the
588:
1953:
324:
Before 1755, responsibility for maintaining diplomatic relations with the Indigenous nations of North America rested with the individual British colonies. It was only the outbreak of the
1938:
1963:
630:
in American territory that would be both an Indigenous homeland free of American settlers and an extra line of defence for British Canada. The defeat of Tecumseh's confederacy at the
634:
in 1813 was a heavy blow to this project. However, even after this setback the Indian Department won a number of important victories alongside its Indigenous allies, including the
389:
also played a critical role in the Indian Department during this time, and was afterwards granted a pension from the British government for her services during the Revolution.
413:
in 1777, warfare in this region consisted mostly of violent raids and counter raids. In 1778, The British Indian Department and its allies secured important victories at the
1337:
200:
47:
295:
In 1755, there were two departments, the Northern Department and the Southern Department; each having its own superintendent. The boundary between them ran along the
623:
During the War of 1812, a uniform was established for the Indian Department for the first time, consisting of a red jacket faced with green on the collar and cuffs.
385:
rose to prominence as a leader of the Mohawk during the American Revolutionary War, during which he was appointed as a captain in the Indian Department. His sister
271:
issued instructions for the Indian Department and maintained close connections with it. Yet, the Department was not directly subordinated to him, but to the
1342:
222:. In practice, Indian Affairs were managed by the senior officers of the Indian Department themselves, upon whose advice the Governors General depended.
1958:
752:
1466:
884:
332:
was granted a special commission as Superintendent of Indian Affairs in 1755 in order to mobilize allied Indigenous warriors in the struggle against
1933:
900:
592:
During the War of 1812, Americans accused the British Indian Department of encouraging practises that were considered barbaric, such as scalping
549:. Sir John Johnson became one of the leading men of the Montreal region, while Alexander McKee was one of the founding settlers in western
735:
836:
466:. The British Indian Department was particularly successful mobilizing warriors against the Americans in the Ohio Country following the
454:
were among the most effective Loyalist partisans of the war. Major engagements involving the Indian Department on this front included
558:
804:
675:
1948:
1943:
788:
511:. Despite tacit support from the Indian Department, the British Empire never openly sided with the Indigenous warriors. At the
210:
Theoretically, control over the Indian Department rested with the senior-most administrator in British America, initially the
654:
that ended the war in 1815 did not contain any provision for an Indian barrier state. Similar to the situation after the
572:
A separate head of the Indian Department in Upper Canada, called the Deputy Superintendent General, was created in 1794.
626:
One of the primary objectives of the British Indian Department and its First Nations allies was the establishment of an
1928:
1347:
268:
211:
17:
772:
576:
was the first Deputy Superintendent General of Upper Canada, from 1794 until his death in 1799. He was succeeded by
635:
852:
409:
were among the most active members of the Indian Department on this front. After the major British defeat at the
1577:
707:
as Chief Superintendent to oversee the Upper Canadian branch. After Givins retired in 1837, he was replaced by
697:
566:
554:
455:
495:
482:
239:
868:
820:
718:, the Indian Department again mobilized warriors to put down the internal insurrections and the numerous
715:
142:
1418:
891:
875:
613:
609:
447:
378:
280:
231:
215:
172:
127:
1531:
The Burning of the Valleys: Daring Raids from Canada against the New York Frontier in the Fall of 1780
207:
the Department was expected to mobilize and lead Indigenous warriors in times of crisis and conflict.
639:
1331:
516:
512:
489:, a leading force in the Department from the era of the American Revolution until his death in 1807
1906:
546:
235:
192:
1828:
1646:
Citizens of Convenience: The Imperial Origins of American Nationhood on the U.S.-Canadian border
351:
became the Superintendent for the Southern Department in 1762, serving until his death in 1779.
1722:
667:, wrote many lengthy dispatches decrying the abandonment of Great Britain's Indigenous allies.
655:
532:
418:
348:
304:
1807:
328:
that impelled the British Empire to centralize the management of Indian Affairs. Accordingly,
827:
688:
467:
406:
1968:
1760:
1696:
1618:
1508:
1440:
680:
631:
627:
520:
508:
463:
371:
132:
347:
The first superintendent for the Southern Department was Edmond Atkins, starting in 1756.
8:
1786:
1570:
A Man of Distinction among Them: Alexander McKee and the Ohio Country frontier, 1754-1799
1547:
759:
459:
422:
410:
344:, who served as superintendent of Indian Affairs for the northern department until 1782.
329:
325:
160:
117:
60:
238:
about boundaries between their land and that of the agricultural colonists (such as the
195:
of North America. The imperial government ceded control of the Indian Department to the
1659:
1487:
731:
196:
1596:
1742:
1573:
700:
414:
103:
279:
became subordinated to the Lieutenant Governor of that province, while in 1800, the
250:
During the period 1830–1860, the Department's major mission was to administrate the
811:
684:
471:
402:
168:
122:
779:
664:
660:
651:
573:
443:
397:
Fighting was particularly brutal in northern New York, where the homeland of the
251:
1388:
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 4: History of Indian-White Relations.
1406:
Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 4: History of Indian-White Relations
562:
188:
107:
88:
41:
1922:
907:
843:
708:
617:
577:
300:
56:
1179:
859:
795:
704:
550:
498:, who held the position for nearly half a century until his death in 1830.
486:
382:
359:
284:
276:
164:
719:
601:
597:
451:
439:
386:
367:
341:
272:
219:
137:
52:
1851:
His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in Defence of Canada
1682:
His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in Defence of Canada
1369:
His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in Defence of Canada
527:
333:
296:
199:
in 1860, thus setting the stage for the development of the present-day
1761:"The Indian Department and the Northwest in the War of 1812 (1807-15)"
1697:"The Indian Department and the Northwest in the War of 1812 (1807-15)"
1765:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
1701:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
1623:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
1445:
Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History
336:, and to win over or neutralize the Indigenous allies of the French.
99:
201:
Department of Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
1745:
Officers of the British Forces in Canada During the War of 1812-15.
605:
398:
244:
1895:
Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812.
1829:"Duncan Campbell Napier; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1572:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. pp. 113–129.
1808:"Samuel Peters Jarvis; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1648:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. p. 11.
1386:
Kawashima, Yasuhide (1988). "Colonial Government Agencies."
596:
The Indian Department again played an important part in the
1954:
Defunct departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
340:
in 1774. Sir William was succeeded by his nephew and heir,
1939:
Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Development Canada
1112:
Deputy Superintendent-General and Deputy Inspector-General
526:
American victory in the Northwest War was followed by the
48:
Colonel Guy Johnson and Karonghyontye (Captain David Hill)
1964:
Canadian military units and formations of the War of 1812
1404:
Douglas Sanders, "Government Indian Agencies in Canada",
438:
The Indian Department also saw extensive fighting in the
319:
187:
was established in 1755 to oversee relations between the
1597:"Sir John Johnson; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1408:(Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1988): 276-283.
1787:"Robert McDouall; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1548:"Alexander McKee; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1338:
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
725:
214:
of the British forces in North America, and later the
1660:"William Claus; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1249:
Indian Agent and officer in the field in Upper Canada
1238:
Indian Agent and officer in the field in Lower Canada
1488:"Joseph Brant; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1390:
Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 245-254.
1274:
Interpreter and officer in the field in Lower Canada
663:, temporarily in charge of the Indian Department at
536:
Shawnee, the Odawa, the Potawatomi, and the Dakota.
1343:
The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
1723:"John Brant; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
1509:"Mary Brant; The Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
477:
354:
243:Department acted in close cooperation with Chief
1920:
1419:"Sir William Johnson; The Canadian Encyclopedia"
580:, who served from 1799 until his death in 1826.
311:by the Civil Secretary to the Governor-General.
1542:
1540:
741:
730:In 1841, the Canadas were amalgamated into the
501:
51:, a 1776 portrait of Indian Department officer
27:British government department in North America
1591:
1589:
1441:"The Regime of Sir William Johnson (1755-74)"
670:
474:by Pennsylvania militiamen on March 8, 1782.
275:in London. In 1796, the Indian Department of
1873:
1871:
1619:"Indian Confederacy: The Collapse (1793-96)"
1537:
1528:
1098:Superintendent-General and Inspector-General
1529:Watt, Gavin K.; Morrison, James F. (1997).
1382:
1380:
1378:
1889:
1887:
1586:
696:Canadian branches. In the upper province,
40:
1959:1755 establishments in the British Empire
1881:Osprey Publishing, pp. 18-19, 22, 24, 43.
1868:
1400:
1398:
1396:
683:Chief making a speech to the Governor of
366:, a 1793 painting depicting a meeting in
283:became responsible for the Department in
79:
1375:
1081:
939:
674:
587:
481:
358:
290:
1934:History of Indigenous peoples in Canada
1884:
1078:
936:
604:, the Shawnee Prophet, and his brother
14:
1921:
1863:
1643:
1567:
1393:
1102:Head of the Department in Lower Canada
616:, and Sir Willian Johnson's grandson,
421:. In the autumn of 1779, the American
320:The early Indian Department, 1755-1774
1848:
1758:
1694:
1679:
1616:
1438:
1366:
1467:"American Indians: British Policies"
1285:Officer in the field in Upper Canada
1260:Officer in the field in Upper Canada
736:government of the Province of Canada
539:
392:
1879:American Loyalist Troops 1775-1784.
726:Transfer to the Canadian government
456:Captain Bird's Invasion of Kentucky
24:
1897:Welland Tribune Print, p. 208-216.
1371:. Dundern Press. pp. 167–170.
645:
25:
1980:
1348:Canadian units of the War of 1812
1130:Second in command in Lower Canada
918:
269:Commander-in-Chief, North America
1907:"Indian Department.List of Men.
899:
883:
867:
851:
835:
819:
803:
787:
771:
751:
267:During the period 1755–1796 the
262:
81:
1900:
1857:
1842:
1821:
1800:
1779:
1752:
1736:
1715:
1688:
1673:
1652:
1637:
1610:
1561:
612:, Joseph Brant's adopted heir,
478:After the Revolution, 1782-1812
433:
257:
1949:Ministries established in 1755
1522:
1501:
1480:
1459:
1432:
1411:
1360:
1158:Second in command in the field
842:Deputy Superintendent General
583:
555:Six Nations of the Grand River
355:American Revolution, 1775-1782
13:
1:
1944:Indigenous affairs ministries
1853:. Dundern Press. p. 184.
1684:. Dundern Press. p. 147.
1353:
763:
1912:Retrieved December 27, 2021.
1747:Canadian Military Institute.
1644:Hatter, Lawrence B. (2017).
1193:Indian Agent in Upper Canada
742:Gallery of prominent members
559:Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte
502:Northwest War and Jay Treaty
7:
1893:Homfray Irving, L. (1908).
1743:Irving, L. Homfray (1908).
1325:
1116:Commanding in Upper Canada
569:was part of this movement.
10:
1985:
1270:Lieutenant and Interpreter
1234:Resident Agent and Captain
931:American Revolutionary War
671:Post-war period, 1815-1860
557:with Joseph Brant and the
519:was defeated, leading the
379:American Revolutionary War
314:
232:Royal Proclamation of 1763
225:
1929:British Indian Department
1877:Chartrand, Renee (2008).
1849:Allen, Robert S. (1993).
1759:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1695:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1680:Allen, Robert S. (1993).
1617:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1568:Nelson, Larry L. (1999).
1533:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
1439:Allen, Robert S. (1975).
1367:Allen, Robert S. (1993).
1297:
1265:
1215:
1198:
1163:
1086:
1071:
1031:
944:
929:
722:from American territory.
640:Siege of Prairie du Chien
636:Battle of Michilimackinac
154:
149:
113:
95:
75:
67:
39:
34:
1332:Bureau of Indian Affairs
703:appointed veteran agent
517:Northwestern Confederacy
513:Battle of Fallen Timbers
468:massacre at Gnadenhutten
364:The Great Indian Council
234:; negotiations with the
1144:Commanding in the field
810:Superintendent General
758:Superintendent General
716:Rebellions of 1837–1838
642:in the summer of 1814.
553:. The migration of the
305:Treaty of Paris of 1783
956:Superintendent General
692:
593:
490:
428:Burning of the Valleys
374:
240:Treaty of Fort Stanwix
1749:Retrieved 2017-02-10.
1154:Deputy Superintendent
1088:Commissioned officers
976:Deputy Superintendent
906:Chief Superintendent
678:
591:
485:
419:Raid on Cherry Valley
362:
291:Internal organization
1245:Resident and Captain
908:Samuel Peters Jarvis
709:Samuel Peters Jarvis
632:Battle of the Thames
628:Indian barrier state
521:Treaty of Greenville
509:Northwest Indian War
464:Battle of Blue Licks
372:Northwest Indian War
165:Captain Joseph Brant
133:Northwest Indian War
1909:Loyalist Institute.
1210:Storekeeper-General
1203:Assistant Secretary
878:(c. 1770 - c. 1830)
698:Lieutenant Governor
423:Sullivan Expedition
411:Battles of Saratoga
330:Sir William Johnson
161:Sir William Johnson
732:Province of Canada
693:
594:
567:Province of Quebec
491:
375:
212:Commander-in-Chief
197:Province of Canada
143:Canadian Rebellion
1323:
1322:
1286:
1275:
1261:
1250:
1239:
1194:
1183:
1159:
1145:
1131:
1117:
1103:
1067:
1066:
720:Patriot invasions
701:Sir John Colborne
540:Removal to Canada
460:Crawford's Defeat
415:Battle of Wyoming
393:Northern Frontier
185:Indian Department
178:
177:
173:Major John Norton
128:Revolutionary War
104:Guerrilla warfare
35:Indian Department
18:Indian Department
16:(Redirected from
1976:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1854:
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1429:
1427:
1425:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1391:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1299:Warrant officers
1284:
1273:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1192:
1178:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1101:
1069:
1068:
927:
926:
903:
887:
871:
855:
839:
823:
812:Sir John Johnson
807:
791:
775:
765:
755:
472:Christian Munsee
403:Sir John Johnson
326:Seven Years' War
281:Governor General
216:Governor General
169:Sir John Johnson
118:Seven Years' War
91:
87:
85:
84:
44:
32:
31:
21:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1885:
1876:
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1862:
1858:
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1833:
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1822:
1812:
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1806:
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1801:
1791:
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1741:
1737:
1727:
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1507:
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1502:
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1471:
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1448:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1334:, United States
1328:
1283:
1272:
1258:
1247:
1236:
1191:
1182:in Lower Canada
1177:
1156:
1142:
1128:
1114:
1100:
921:
916:
915:
914:
911:
904:
895:
890:Superintendent
888:
879:
872:
863:
858:Superintendent
856:
847:
840:
831:
824:
815:
808:
799:
792:
783:
780:Luc de la Corne
776:
767:
760:William Johnson
756:
744:
728:
673:
665:Michilimackinac
661:Robert McDouall
656:Treaty of Paris
652:Treaty of Ghent
648:
646:Treaty of Ghent
586:
574:Alexander McKee
542:
533:Treaty of Paris
504:
480:
470:of 96 pacifist
448:Matthew Elliott
444:Alexander McKee
436:
395:
357:
322:
317:
293:
265:
260:
252:Indian Reserves
228:
181:
171:
167:
163:
156:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
106:
102:
82:
80:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1982:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
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1867:
1856:
1841:
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1767:. Parks Canada
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1703:. Parks Canada
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1625:. Parks Canada
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180:Military unit
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123:Pontiac's War
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19:
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1894:
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1859:
1850:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1781:
1771:15 September
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1726:. Retrieved
1717:
1707:15 September
1705:. Retrieved
1700:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1639:
1629:15 September
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1569:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1530:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1482:
1472:11 September
1470:. Retrieved
1461:
1451:15 September
1449:. Retrieved
1444:
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1413:
1405:
1387:
1368:
1362:
1315:
1308:
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1291:
1280:
1269:
1255:
1244:
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1180:Indian Agent
1174:
1167:
1153:
1139:
1126:Deputy Agent
1125:
1111:
1097:
1087:
1072:
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1052:
1042:
1032:
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1005:
995:
985:
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922:
860:Thomas McKee
796:Daniel Claus
729:
713:
705:James Givins
694:
689:Fort Douglas
649:
625:
622:
595:
571:
551:Upper Canada
543:
525:
515:in 1794 the
505:
496:John Johnson
492:
487:Joseph Brant
437:
434:Ohio Country
396:
383:Joseph Brant
376:
363:
346:
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323:
308:
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285:Lower Canada
277:Upper Canada
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258:Organization
249:
229:
209:
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184:
182:
46:
29:
1969:War of 1812
1309:Interpreter
1227:Storekeeper
1073:War of 1812
910:(1792-1857)
894:(1794-1832)
876:John Norton
846:(1765–1826)
830:(1728-1796)
828:John Butler
814:(1741-1830)
798:(1727-1787)
782:(1711-1784)
714:During the
614:John Norton
602:Tenskwatawa
598:War of 1812
584:War of 1812
452:Simon Girty
440:Ohio Valley
407:John Butler
399:Six Nations
387:Molly Brant
377:During the
370:during the
368:Amherstburg
349:John Stuart
342:Guy Johnson
273:Home Office
220:the Canadas
145:(1837–1838)
140:(1811–1815)
138:War of 1812
135:(1785–1795)
130:(1775–1782)
125:(1763–1765)
120:(1755–1760)
114:Engagements
53:Guy Johnson
1923:Categories
1579:0873386205
1354:References
1281:Lieutenant
1016:Translator
1006:Lieutenant
996:Commissary
892:John Brant
766:1715-1774)
610:John Brant
528:Jay Treaty
462:, and the
334:New France
309:ex officio
297:Ohio River
157:commanders
150:Commanders
61:David Hill
1834:16 August
1813:16 August
1792:16 August
1728:16 August
1665:16 August
1602:16 August
1553:16 August
1514:16 August
1493:16 August
1424:16 August
1168:Secretary
1043:Volunteer
685:Red River
547:Loyalists
523:in 1795.
100:Diplomacy
71:1755–1860
1326:See also
1060:Sources:
946:Officers
778:Colonel
681:Red Lake
638:and the
606:Tecumseh
565:to the
417:and the
299:and the
245:Tecumseh
191:and the
1316:Source:
1256:Captain
1220:Surgeon
1053:Private
986:Captain
691:in 1826
315:History
301:Potomac
226:Mission
155:Notable
89:Britain
76:Country
1576:
1082:Grade
940:Grade
874:Major
450:, and
86:
68:Active
59:chief
57:Mohawk
1189:Agent
1026:Clerk
561:with
1836:2021
1815:2021
1794:2021
1773:2021
1730:2021
1709:2021
1667:2021
1631:2021
1604:2021
1574:ISBN
1555:2021
1516:2021
1495:2021
1474:2020
1453:2021
1426:2021
679:The
405:and
183:The
96:Role
55:and
1033:Men
687:at
247:).
218:of
1925::
1886:^
1870:^
1763:.
1699:.
1621:.
1588:^
1539:^
1443:.
1395:^
1377:^
1305:10
1079:#
1049:10
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764:c.
620:.
458:,
446:,
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1817:.
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1022:8
1012:7
1002:6
992:5
982:4
972:3
962:2
952:1
762:(
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