Indian painting - Knowledge

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to the Tuti Nama. This difference was either due to a different set of artists who were trained in the Persian style or due to a conscious change in style through experimentation, either ways, mughal painting quickly evolved into more fluid and naturalistic style different from the stiffness in figures seen in earlier paintings. Nevertheless, links to the western India schools were still there on close inspection, particularly in the representation of the female figure.

1253: 1141: 29: 2559: 1161: 2257:"The Santiniketan artists were one of the first who consciously challenged this idea of modernism by opting out of both internationalist modernism and historicist indigenousness and tried to create a context sensitive modernism." He had been studying the work of the Santiniketan masters and thinking about their approach to art since the early 80s. The practice of subsuming 1062:. Earlier, both of them had served under the patronage of Humayun in Kabul and accompanied him to India when he regained his throne in 1555. More than a hundred painters were employed, most of whom were from Gujarat, Gwalior and Kashmir, who gave a birth to a new school of painting, popularly known as the Mughal School of miniature Paintings. 912:. The illustrations are square-ish panels set in the text, with "wiry drawing" and "brilliant, even jewel-like colour". The figures are always seen in three-quarters view, with distinctive "long pointed noses and protruding eyes". There is a convention whereby the more distant side of the face protrudes, so that both eyes are seen. 1268:

are a linking feature. The Kulhadar group of paintings is considered one of the finest works executed belonging to the western India school. Executed in early 16th century, this group paintings were characterized by the men wearing a conical cap (Kulha) on which turbans were worn. The Kulhadar group of paintings consisted of

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Tuti-Nama was an early Mughal work from the mid 16th Century, and the similarities particularly in the female figures to the indigenous western India school is clearly visible. While some consider this to be a transition phase where the stylistic features of indigenous & Persian schools combined,

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Akbar's reign (1556–1605) ushered a new era in Indian miniature painting. After he had consolidated his political power, he built a new capital at Fatehpur Sikri where he collected artists from India and Persia. He was the first monarch who established in India an atelier under the supervision of two

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In eastern India, the principal centres of artistic and intellectual activities of the Buddhist religion were Nalanda, Odantapuri, Vikramshila and Somarpura situated in the Pala kingdom (Bengal and Bihar). Miniature painting from this region survives from the 10th century. These miniatures, depicting

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does not accommodate the refusal of many in colonised situations to internalise inferiority. Santiniketan’s artist teachers' refusal of subordination incorporated a counter vision of modernity, which sought to correct the racial and cultural essentialism that drove and characterised imperial Western

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Compared to the early Mughal painting evolving at the same time to the north, Deccan painting exceeds in "the brilliance of their colour, the sophistication and artistry of their composition, and a general air of decadent luxury". Other differences include painting faces, not very expertly modelled,

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who rather disapproved of painting for religious reasons, and disbanded the large imperial workshop, by perhaps 1670. The artists dispersed to smaller princely courts, both Muslim and Hindu, and the "post-Mughal" style developed in many local variants. These included different Rajasthani schools of

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of India were an important draw for European artists due to their patronage of the visual and performing arts. For Indian artists, this Western influence, largely a result of colonialism, was viewed as "a means for self-improvement", and these Western academic artists who visited India provided the

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are of large size, 20 x 27", and were painted on cloth. They are in the Persian safavi style. Brilliant red, blue and green colours predominate; the pink, eroded rocks and the vegetation, planes and blossoming plum and peach trees are reminiscent of Persia. The Hamza Nama is very different in style

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are Indian paintings, most being Buddhist and some with Hindu deities such as Ganesha and Shiva. According to Blurton, such early paintings did not survive largely because of the deleterious climate of India, as well as due to the "added problem of Muslim iconoclasm" in the centuries that followed.

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of the country since the early 1990s. Artists from various fields now started bringing in varied styles of work. Post-liberalization Indian art thus works not only within the confines of academic traditions but also outside it. In this phase, artists have introduced even newer concepts which have

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is made called "gesso paste". With the help of a thin brush all the jewellery and parts of throne or the arch which have some relief are painted over to give a slightly raised effect of carving. This is allowed to dry. On this thin gold foil is pasted. The rest of the drawing is then painted using

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painted at Mandu, during the reign of Nasir Shah (1500–1510). This represent a synthesis of the indigenous and the patronized Persian style, though it was the latter which dominated the Mandu manuscripts. There was another style of painting known as Lodi Khuladar that flourished in the Sultanate's

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The early Mewar and Malwa schools, sometimes also collectively known as Western India school, developed around this period, and are stylistically similar and linked to the style of depiction in 14th–15th century texts from Gujarat. The similar large eyes, stiff figures, protruding hips and breasts

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Mughal paintings were a unique blend of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles. Because the Mughal kings wanted visual records of their deeds as hunters and conquerors, their artists accompanied them on military expeditions or missions of state, or recorded their prowess as animal slayers, or depicted

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In the 19th century, according to R. Siva Kumar, "selective Westernization for self-improvement gave way to a nationalist cultural counter-stance around the turn of the century – universally, the first step toward a political resistance toward colonial rule". In practice, this materialized as an

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or black prepared from the burning of cocoanut shells are used.The brushes that are used by these 'Chitrakaras' are also indigenous and are made of hair of domestic animals. A bunch of hair tied to the end of a bamboo stick make the brush. It is really a matter of wonder as to how these painters

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is a style of painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar state. Themes revolve around Hindu Gods and mythology, along with scenes from the royal court and social events like weddings. Generally no space is left empty; the gaps are filled by paintings of flowers, animals, birds, and even

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By the time of Independence in 1947, several schools of art in India provided access to modern techniques and ideas. Galleries were established to showcase these artists. Modern Indian art typically shows the influence of Western styles, but is often inspired by Indian themes and images. Major

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Driven by the Islamic conquests, the mid-late 16th Century saw central Asian influence starting to creep into Indian artistic representation. The use of gold foil and ultramarine blue derived from imported lapiz lazuli were two such Persian influences which were adopted into Indian painting.

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in three-quarter view, rather than mostly in profile in the Mughal style, and "tall women with small heads" wearing saris. There are many royal portraits, although they lack the precise likenesses of their Mughal equivalents. Buildings are depicted as "totally flat screen-like panels".

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sect. Since beginning of Pattachitra culture Lord Jagannath who was an incarnation of Lord Krishna was the major source of inspiration. The subject matter of Patta Chitra is mostly mythological, religious stories and folk lore. Themes are chiefly on Lord Jagannath and

575:. With the progress of the economy the forms and styles of art also underwent many changes. In the 1990s, Indian economy was liberalised and integrated to the world economy leading to the free flow of cultural information within and without. Artists include 422:

are the most significant of the few ones which survive. Smaller scale painting in manuscripts was probably also practised in this period, though the earliest survivals are from the medieval period. A new style emerged in the Mughal era as a fusion of the

794:) existed, and indeed surviving texts discussing how to make them, not a single medieval Indian painting on cloth is known to survive, unless some Buddhist ones have been taken as Tibetan, or from Central Asia. Some of the images recovered there by Sir 748:

starts in ancient and early medieval times, from the 2nd century BC to 8th – 10th century AD. There are known more than 20 locations around India containing murals from this period, mainly natural caves and rock-cut chambers. These include the caves of

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of Nagnajit (a classic on classical painting, 5th-century CE or earlier making it the oldest known text on Indian painting; but the Sanskrit version has been lost, only version available is in Tibet and it states that it is a translation of a Sanskrit

6888: 2441:. Pseudorealist Art is an original art style that has been developed entirely on the Indian soil. Pseudorealism takes into account the Indian concept of abstraction and uses it to transform regular scenes of Indian life into a fantastic images. 1596:

is sometimes used. After the drawing is made, decoration of the jewelry and the apparels in the image is done with semi-precious stones. Laces or threads are also used to decorate the jewelry. On top of this, the gold foils are pasted. Finally,

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The pattern of large scale wall painting which had dominated the scene, witnessed the advent of miniature paintings during the 11th and 12th centuries. This new style figured first in the form of illustrations etched on palm-leaf manuscripts.

2154:. Abanindranath painted a number of works influenced by Ajanta painting style, a style that he and Havel believed to be expressive of India's distinct spiritual qualities, as opposed to the "materialism" of the West. His best-known painting, 57: 812:

Buddhist divinities and scenes from the life of Buddha were painted on the leaves (about 2.25 by 3 inches) of the palm-leaf manuscripts as well as their wooden covers. Most common Buddhist illustrated manuscripts include the texts

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Murals from this period depict mainly religious themes of Buddhist, Jain and Hindu religions. There are though also locations where paintings were secular. This includes the oldest known painted cave and theatre in Chhattisgarh – the

2361:, though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are well-known today are 1799:. The individual paintings of gods and goddesses are also being painted.The painters use vegetable and mineral colours without going for factory made poster colours. They prepare their own colours. White colour is made from the 1583:

The process of making a Tanjore painting involves many stages. The first stage involves the making of the preliminary sketch of the image on the base. The base consists of a cloth pasted over a wooden base. Then chalk powder or

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The process of making a Mysore painting involves many stages. The first stage involves the making of the preliminary sketch of the image on the base. The base consists of cartridge paper pasted on a wooden base. A paste made of

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has called a "contextual modernism" developed in eastern India in the 1930s and '40s during the turbulent decades of the global Depression, the Gandhian liberation struggle, the Tagorean cultural renaissance and World War II."

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model. They did not, however, provide the training. According to R. Siva Kumar, "This task, which fell on the various art schools established in the 1850s, gave an institutional framework to the Westernization of Indian art".

1290:, Krishna's life, beautiful landscapes, and humans. Many miniatures were individual album pieces, but there are also illustrated books, and there was at the same time some mural painting on the walls of palaces, forts, and 2321:

During the colonial era, Western influences started to make an impact on Indian art. Some artists developed a style that used Western ideas of composition, perspective and realism to illustrate Indian themes. Others, like

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miniatures. This caused immense controversy, leading to a strike by students and complaints from the local press, including from nationalists who considered it to be a retrogressive move. Havel was supported by the artist

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and Sitabhinji murals of the Sixth century A.D., the earliest indigenous paintings from Odisha are the Pattachitra done by the Chitrakars (the painters are called Chitrakars). The theme of Oriya painting centres round the

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was a pioneer of modern Indian painting. He drew on Western traditions and techniques including oil paint and easel painting, with his subjects being purely Indian, such as Hindu deities and episodes from the epics and

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These and other texts on painting discuss the Indian ideas, theory and practice of painting, its relationship to other arts, methods of preparing the canvas or wall, recipes to make color pigments and other topics.

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Also, the increase in the discourse about Indian art, in English as well as vernacular Indian languages, appropriated the way art was perceived in the art schools. Critical approach became rigorous, critics like

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modernity and modernism. Those European modernities, projected through a triumphant British colonial power, provoked nationalist responses, equally problematic when they incorporated similar essentialisms".

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Vernacular art is an art alive (contemporary art), based on the past (the myths, the traditions and the religion) and made by defined groups. Vernacular art is based on the collective memory of this group.

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bring out lines of such precision and finish with the help of these crude brushes. That old tradition of Oriya painting still survives to-day in the skilled hands of Chitrakaras (traditional painters) in

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other considered this to be a work of artists who were trained in western India school and who worked in Akbar's atelier to produce art for the Mughal palette, maybe under supervision of Persian masters.

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Early survivals of portable Indian paintings are all miniatures from texts (the great majority) or painted objects such as boxes. Despite considerable evidence that larger paintings on cloth (known as

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elsewhere, and bought as souvenirs of pilgrimages. Very few survivals are older than about 200 years, but it is clear the traditions are much older. Some regional traditions are still producing works.

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have been used to describe the kind of alternative modernity that emerged in non-European contexts. Professor Gall argues that 'Contextual Modernism' is a more suited term because "the colonial in

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The subsequent development of painting by the Buddhists indicates that these ' Six Limbs ' were put into practice by Indian artists, and are the basic principles on which their art was founded.

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etc. The subject matter of Bengal Patachitra is mostly mythological, religious stories, folk lore and social. The Kalighat Patachitra, the last tradition of Bengal Patachitra is developed by

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in the east are the oldest to survive. Similar Hindu illustrations survive from about the 15th century in the west, and 16th century in East India, by which time the Mughal miniature under

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movement starting in the 15th century and even received royal patronage under various erstwhile royal classes. Manuscript painting of Assam continued to flourish till the decay of the

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musical forms, appear to have been an innovation of the Deccan. Beside the usual portraits and illustrations to literary works, there are sometimes illustrated chronicles, such as the

2337:, established shortly after India became independent in 1947, was intended to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. The founders were six eminent artists – 1454:. The Pahari paintings can be grouped into two groups- Jammu or Dogra school; and Basholi and Kangra school. Each created stark variations within the genre, ranging from bold intense 6642: 1019:

is a style of Indian painting, generally confined to illustrations on the book and done in miniatures, and which emerged, developed and took shape during the period of the

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rulers, who encouraged art and literature. These paintings are known for their elegance, rich colours, and attention to detail. The themes for most of these paintings are

3815: 616:. These paintings generally depict animals like bison, bear, tigers etc. The oldest Indian paintings are rock art in caves which are around 30,000 years old, such as the 354: 461:

Indian paintings can be broadly classified as murals, miniatures and paintings on cloth. Murals are large works executed on the walls of solid structures, as in the

1803:-shells by powdering, boiling and filtering in a very hazardous process. It requires a lot of patience. But this process gives brilliance and permanence to the 427:

with older Indian traditions, and from the 17th century its style was diffused across Indian princely courts of all religions, each developing a local style.

1807:. 'Hingula', a mineral colour, is used for red. 'Haritala', king of stone ingredients for yellow, 'Ramaraja' a sort of indigo for blue are being used. Pure 2425:

not only in India but across the world. The critics also had an important role as curators of important exhibitions, re-defining modernism and Indian-art.

2158:(Mother India), depicted a young woman, portrayed with four arms in the manner of Hindu deities, holding objects symbolic of India's national aspirations. 2790: 2279:

This happened because early writers were guided by genealogies of apprenticeship rather than their styles, worldviews, and perspectives on art practice

2213: 1282:. Each Rajput kingdom evolved a distinct style, but with certain common features. Rajput paintings depict a number of themes, events of epics like the 1921:

is a term for a hybrid Indo-European style of paintings made in India by Indian and European artists, many of whom worked for European patrons in the

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had no taste for fine arts, probably due to his Islamic conservatism. Due to lack of patronage artists migrated to the Deccan and the Hindu courts of

7035: 6873: 6329: 1230: 1112:(1627–1658) continued the patronage of painting. Some of the famous artists of the period were Mohammad Faqirullah Khan, Mir Hashim, Muhammad Nadir, 3935:"Creator of a Floating World – Ranjit Hoskote – Tehelka – Investigations, Latest News, Politics, Analysis, Blogs, Culture, Photos, Videos, Podcasts" 4784: 4774: 2406: 2292:

writes, "The exposure to Santinketan, through a literary detour, opened Dodiya’s eyes to the historical circumstances of what the art historian

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businessmen, mainly active in the large cities, competed to have brightly painted exteriors of the houses they maintained in their home region.

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in the early 20th century. It was associated with Indian nationalism, but was also promoted and supported by many British arts administrators.

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in Karnataka. These paintings are known for their elegance, muted colours and attention to detail. The themes for most of these paintings are

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in 1930s followed by many forms of experimentations in European and Indian styles. The important artists of Bengal School of Art include

6802: 6354: 4789: 2405:, and Bijon Choudhuri enriched the art culture of India. They have become the icon of modern Indian art. Art historians like Prof. Rai 998: 3884: 560:. It emerged as a powerful movement that sought to revive traditional Indian artistic practices and forge a unique national identity. 6407: 6224: 6108: 5888: 5580: 2986:

Research since then has firmly established that many of these paintings belong to the Mesolithic age and may well be 10000 years old.

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geometric designs.In this paintings, artists use leaves, herbs, and flowers to make the colour which is used to draw the paintings.

632:. Some of these are chapters within a larger encyclopedia-like texts. They date between the 4th and 13th-century CE. These include: 533:

painting like the Bundi, Kishangarh, Jaipur, Marwar and Mewar. The Ragamala paintings also belong to this school, as does the later

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artists are beginning to gain international recognition, initially among the Indian diaspora, but also among non-Indian audiences.

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in most contemporary way and created her own style through the exercises of her own imagination, they appear fresh and unusual.

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and in British art schools. Following the widespread influence of Indian spiritual ideas in the West, the British art teacher

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are executed on a very small scale for books or albums on perishable material such as paper and cloth. Traces of murals, in

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Isabella Nardi (2007). "The concepts of Painting and the Figure of the Painter as Described in Selected Sanskrit Sources".

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Several different styles of Rajput painting developed from the late 16th century onwards in the Hindu royal courts of

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found among the Bhimbetka rock shelters are approximately 10,000 years old. Because of the climatic conditions in the

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A reaction to the Western influence led to a revival in historic and more nationalistic Indian art, called as the

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At the start of the 18th century, oil and easel painting began in India, which saw many European artists, such as

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also referred to as the Punjab Hills style developed and flourished during 17th to 19th centuries stretching from

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assimilation of "diverse Asian elements", expanding tradition more than reviving it. Leading artist of the time,

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In the aftermath of India's independence, many new genres of art developed by important artists like Jamini Roy,

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Kossak, Steven; Singer, Jane Casey; Bruce-Gardner, Robert; N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York (1998).

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Chaurapanchasika – "Fifty Verses of the Thief" by Bilhan, the Gita Govinda, the Bhagavata Purana and Ragamala.

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along Western lines. This led to modern Indian painting, which is increasingly returning to its Indian roots.

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Ancient texts defined six important aspects of painting. These 'Six Limbs' have been translated as follows:

887:, begin around the 11th century, but are mostly from the 13th onwards. Initially surviving examples are all 513:

miniatures from about the 12th century, mostly from West India, and slightly earlier Buddhist ones from the

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manuscript, which according to the court historian Badayuni was started in 1567 and completed in 1582. The

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whose works went for auction in international markets. Bharti Dayal has chosen to handle the traditional

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Tagore later attempted to develop links with Far-Eastern artists as part of an aspiration to construct a

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The Theory of Citrasutras in Indian Painting: A Critical Re-evaluation of their Uses and Interpretations

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Immagini Storie Parole. Dialoghi di formazione coi dipinti cantati delle donne Chitrakar del West Bengal

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or other foreign Companies in the 18th and 19th centuries. The style blended traditional elements from

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It seems clear that miniature painting, often illustrating manuscripts, has a very long history, but

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The Bengal school's influence on Indian art scene gradually started alleviating with the spread of

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encouraged artists to paint portraits and durbar scenes. His most talented portrait painters were

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The pre-historic paintings were generally executed on rocks and these rock engravings were called

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was also sometimes illustrating translations into Persian of the Hindu epics and other subjects.

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from exile in Persia in 1555 and bringing Persian artists with him. It ends during the reign of

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in Tamil Nadu. The art form dates back to the early 9th century, a period dominated by the

1197: 814: 568: 545: 541: 4316:, by Mohindar Singh Randhawa, John Kenneth Galbraith. Published by Houghton Mifflin, 1968. 1887: 8: 7262: 7184: 7177: 7172: 6971: 6908: 6898: 6694: 6662: 6633: 6027: 5982: 5946: 5865: 5672: 5649: 5422: 5245: 5017: 4926: 3395: 2795: 2780: 2775: 2629: 2421:, contributed to re-thinking contemporary art practice in India.Their voices represented 2370: 2262: 2151: 1946: 1399: 839: 588: 572: 553: 398: 347: 4657: 4592:

Ramayana by Valmiki illustrated with Indian miniatures from the 16th to the 19th century

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in the recent past has found its usage in other related fields of studies, specially in

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critical tool in the understanding of the art the Santiniketan artists had practised.

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There are many important dedicated Indian treatises on painting, traditionally called

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literature has many mentions of palaces and other buildings decorated with paintings (

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The influence of eastern Indian paintings can be seen in various Buddhist temples in

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Manuscripts of Laur Chanda at the National Museum are an example of such influence.

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The flame and the lotus: Indian and Southeast Asian art from the Kronos collections

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http://www.huichawaii.org/assets/gall,-david---overcoming-polarized-modernities.pdf

3196: 3186:"The significance of North East India in the development of the sculpture of Bagan" 2534: 2398: 2174: 2045: 1966: 1891: 1854: 1535: 1467: 1455: 1451: 1413:

is the northernmost extension of the Rajput style, but usually treated separately.

854: 534: 428: 3364: 1726: 7118: 7060: 7025: 6706: 6684: 6608: 6385: 5509: 5504: 5494: 5487: 5255: 5110: 5095: 4921: 4804: 4564: 4543: 4497: 4479: 4447: 4426: 4384: 4355: 3152: 3114: 2747: 2650: 2266: 2190: 2142: 2130: 2036: 2002: 1994: 1990: 1951: 1930: 1926: 1825: 1577: 1510: 1492: 1440: 1428: 1422: 1410: 1376: 1361: 1257: 1247: 1205: 1201: 1135: 1070: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1016: 1011: 664: 4093: 3921:"humanities underground » All The Shared Experiences of the Lived World II" 2409:

have also referred to those works of modern artistes that reflect Indian ethos.

1235: 1023:

between the 16th and 19th centuries. The Mughal style was heavily influenced by

7221: 7189: 7135: 7085: 7075: 6976: 6797: 6679: 6455: 5590: 5318: 5308: 5120: 5029: 4982: 4977: 4949: 4906: 4901: 4837: 4057: 3863:

R. Siva Kumar (1999) Modern Indian Art: A Brief Overview, Art Journal, 58:3, 15

3778:

R. Siva Kumar (1999) Modern Indian Art: A Brief Overview, Art Journal, 58:3, 14

2765: 2677: 2659: 2620: 2478: 2418: 2394: 2390: 2374: 2285: 2061: 2053: 2006: 1986: 1982: 1974: 1821: 1737:

The tradition of Orisha Pattachitra is closely linked with the worship of Lord

1661: 1384: 1299: 1165: 1083: 762: 323: 318: 270: 159: 4111: 2576: 1917:

began in the 18th century, a great number of Europeans migrated to India. The

1261: 896: 477:, going back at least 2,000 years, but the 1st and 5th-century remains at the 7251: 7123: 6986: 6711: 6229: 6188: 5516: 5472: 5369: 4944: 4883: 4852: 4832: 4827: 4584: 4517: 4394: 4242: 4176: 3962:""Contextual modernism" – is it possible? Steps to improved housing strategy" 3837: 3143:, p. 12, 1998, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Museum Rietberg, 2974: 2719: 2707: 2671: 2549: 2504: 2438: 2434: 2258: 2254: 2166: 1918: 1908: 1177: 1020: 865:. The influences of eastern Indian paintings can also be clearly observed in 596: 592: 584: 549: 466: 394: 290: 4634: 4375: 4357:

The Art of India: Traditions of Indian Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture

4276:

Viśvakarmā; examples of Indian architecture, sculpture, painting, handicraft

6239: 6209: 5756: 5219: 4936: 4822: 4534: 4284: 4256: 2731: 2701: 2472: 2304: 2293: 2223: 2162: 2126: 2049: 1978: 1858: 1784: 1730: 1553: 1391: 1099: 905: 766: 758: 750: 738: 734: 576: 564: 484:

Paintings on cloth were often produced in a more popular context, often as

478: 462: 419: 414: 295: 131: 75: 67: 2165:

model of art. Those associated with this Indo-Far Eastern model included

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that Siva Kumar used in the catalogue of the exhibition has emerged as a

2182: 2122: 2115: 1817: 1796: 1776: 1688: 1684: 1620: 1610: 1561: 1498: 1287: 901: 795: 672: 580: 514: 497: 451: 432: 382: 154: 6183: 6075: 5477: 5161: 4959: 4323: 3540: 3045: 2725: 2689: 2683: 2422: 2382: 2346: 2323: 1998: 1808: 1768: 1742: 1716: 1699: 1585: 1545: 1522: 1518: 1341: 1295: 1252: 1109: 842:, Kolkata. This style disappeared from India in the late 12th century. 754: 613: 436: 386: 378: 204: 174: 91: 71: 4080:"Afterall • Online • Geeta Kapur: On the Curatorial in India (Part 1)" 1478:

A new trend in manuscript illustration was set by a manuscript of the

1069:

Another early production by that school of miniature painting was the

488:, used for example by travelling reciters of epic poetry, such as the 5677: 2713: 2516: 2354: 2338: 2197: 2170: 2005:

coming out to India in search of fame and fortune. The courts of the

1764: 1751: 1738: 1549: 1444: 1318: 1279: 1209: 1153: 1140: 1123: 1119: 1103: 1078: 1051: 858: 668:(mostly architecture treatise, contains a large section on paintings) 660:(mostly architecture treatise, contains a large section on paintings) 529: 493: 328: 179: 116: 5250: 2129:

styles previously promoted in India, both by Indian artists such as

2114:

was an influential style of art that flourished in India during the

2044:. Some other prominent Indian painters born in the 19th century are 1933:

with a more Western treatment of perspective, volume and recession.

1691:. The Bengal Patachitra is divided into some different aspects like 524:

The great period of Mughal court painting begins with the return of

6080: 5115: 2770: 1792: 1788: 1772: 1741:. Apart from the fragmentary evidence of paintings on the caves of 1624: 1593: 1589: 1365: 1283: 1095: 980: 909: 888: 878: 835: 485: 409: 126: 121: 28: 2558: 830:. The earliest extant miniatures are found in a manuscript of the 3057: 2735: 2026: 2018: 1760: 1565: 1459: 1353: 1349: 1326: 1160: 1113: 984: 884: 866: 850: 525: 455: 285: 3365:"South Asian arts – Visual arts of India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon)" 3069: 645:(the standard, and oft referred to text in the Indian tradition) 4662: 4591: 4484:

by Krishna Chaitanya. Published by Abhinav Publications, 1994.

4386:

The Vishṇudharmottaram, part III. A treatise on Indian painting

4197:, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, 3023: 3021: 2991: 2041: 1780: 1616: 1502: 1436: 1403: 1395: 1372: 1357: 1337: 1291: 1173: 470: 280: 3535:

Born, Wolfgang, "Ivory Powder Flasks from the Mughal Period",

3220: 1027:, and in turn influenced several Indian styles, including the 3582:"Poetic Allusions in the Rajput and Pahari Painting of India" 3008: 3006: 2528: 2522: 2466: 2193:, Tan Yuan Chameli, Ramananda Bandopadhyay and a few others. 1800: 1756: 1720: 1573: 1569: 1506: 1447: 1432: 1380: 1330: 1310: 1234:. A Deccan speciality (also sometimes found in other media, 1145: 992: 988: 883:

Surviving illustrated manuscripts from Western India, mainly

846: 518: 489: 447: 405: 4054:"Geeta kapur | Khoj International Artists' Association" 3915: 3913: 3033: 3018: 1592:

and apply it on the base. To make the base smoother, a mild

6840: 2460: 1813: 1627:

means 'Vastra' or 'clothing' and 'chitra' means paintings.

1598: 1224: 510: 381:. The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of 3003: 4133:

http://ngmaindia.gov.in/pdf/The-Last-Harvest-e-INVITE.pdf

3910: 1804: 1601:

are used to add colours to the figures in the paintings.

1483:

dominion of North India extending from Delhi to Jaunpur.

1222:, sets illustrating (by evoking their moods) the various 963:

Artistic manner of using the brush and colours. (Tagore.)

3139:

Steven Kossak, Jane Casey Singer, Robert Bruce-Gardner,

2791:

The Last Harvest : Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore

537:

produced for British clients from the mid-18th century.

2096:, which drew from the rich cultural heritage of India. 894:

The manuscript text most frequently illustrated is the

784: 3092:. Oxford University Press. pp. 15, 415, 449–450. 1305:

Rajput painting consists of four principal groupings:

5889:

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

3774: 3772: 2013:

The earliest formal art schools in India, namely the

970: 3721:"Indian State Traditional Paintings – NID CEED Help" 2310: 1667:

Goddess Durga and her family in Medinipur Patachitra

1043:

them in the great dynastic ceremonies of marriages.

473:-like techniques, survive in a number of sites with 4424: 4195:

The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent

3051: 1687:. It is a traditional and mythological heritage of 1560:Tanjore painting is an important form of classical 1126:, greatly influencing the styles in these centres. 5737:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 4604: 4310:, by Philip S. Rawson. Published by P.Tisné, 1961. 4304:. Published by Y. M. C. A. publishing house, 1960. 3813: 3769: 3553:"Indian Miniature Paintings: The Rajasthan School" 3224:Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet 3141:Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet 2214:Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism 1497:Mysore painting is an important form of classical 4524: 2288:while reviewing the works of contemporary artist 676:(an encyclopedia, contains chapters on paintings) 7249: 4562: 4541: 4495: 4382: 4353: 3638:. Mc Graw Hill Education (India). p. 2.21. 3259: 3075: 3039: 3027: 2997: 2593: 2137:attempted to reform the teaching methods at the 1719:. The artist of the Bengal Patachitra is called 1683:The Bengal Patachitra refers to the painting of 1615:Pattachitra refers to the Classical painting of 857:which was named after Queen consort of Myanmar, 4481:A History of Indian Painting: The Modern Period 4445: 4314:Indian Painting: The Scene, Themes, and Legends 3610:"Indian Miniature Paintings: The Pahari School" 1936: 781:– dated to between the 3rd to 1st century BCE. 4466: 4401: 4183:, 1987, Thames & Hudson (Praeger in USA), 3747:"Company Painting in Nineteenth-Century India" 3063: 3012: 2932:. Mc Graw Hill Education(India). p. 2.3. 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2125:and nationalist movement reacting against the 1116:, Chitarman, Anupchhatar, Manohar and Honhar. 915: 504: 435:, which from the 19th century also introduced 4678: 3859: 3857: 3855: 2444: 602: 355: 4613:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4410:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4269: 3265: 1623:, in the eastern region of India.'Patta' in 4094:"National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi" 3658: 3112: 2808: 1526:watercolours. Only muted colours are used. 1058:Persian master artists, Mir Sayyed Ali and 951:Infusion of grace, artistic representation. 540:Modern Indian art has seen the rise of the 4685: 4671: 4243:Centre for Cultural Resources and Training 4236:Centre for Cultural Resources and Training 4229:Centre for Cultural Resources and Training 3852: 2946: 2755:'s "Indian Ethnic" "Horses" Mother Teresa" 2277:was, according to Siva Kumar, misleading. 1894:by Dip Chand depicting an official of the 1882: 939:Correct perception, measure and structure. 362: 348: 5899:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 5779:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 4340:Indian court painting, 16th–19th century. 4108:"The Curatorship Programme ( 2010 -2013)" 3633: 3483: 3087: 2927: 2437:has introduced a new genre of art called 2204:'s role in this movement is significant. 1544:Tanjore style painting depicting the ten 401:, very few early examples survive today. 377:has a very long tradition and history in 5841:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 4646:Collection of Indian Miniature Paintings 3998:"Early Modernists and Indian Traditions" 3790:"Nineteenth-Century Court Arts in India" 3689:. Mantova: Universitas Studiorum, 2014, 3661:"পটচিত্রের চাহিদা বাড়ছে নবদ্বীপের রাসে" 2597: 2453:Examples of Vernacular Indian Painting: 2066: 1957: 1940: 1886: 1864: 1841: 1725: 1539: 1501:painting that originated in the town of 1251: 1180:, in the various Muslim capitals of the 1159: 1139: 1045: 974: 733:A mural painting depicting a scene from 728: 441: 431:were made for British clients under the 6940: 4843:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3877:"Rabindranath Tagore: The Last Harvest" 3526:Harle, 400–403 (quoted); Craven 216–217 3106: 3081: 2207: 639:, chapters 35–43 within the Hindu text 607: 7250: 6129:Securities and Exchange Board of India 5236:National Geological Monuments of India 4283: 4255: 3959: 3685:Giusti, M. and Chakraborty, U. (ed.). 3113:David Mason (2016). Siyuan Liu (ed.). 3090:The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre 2956:An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology 2433:hitherto not been seen in Indian art. 1184:that emerged from the break-up of the 838:(c. 993), presently the possession of 6939: 6053: 5929:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 5894:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 5635: 5187: 4702: 4666: 4594:, Diane de Selliers Publisher, 2011, 3871: 3869: 3757:from the original on 20 December 2017 3604: 3602: 3575: 3573: 3451:"Nauras: The Many Arts of the Deccan" 3426:"Treasures of National Museum, India" 3406:from the original on 19 December 2017 3389: 3387: 3385: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 2952: 2023:Government College of Art & Craft 765:(Tamil Nadu), Kailasanatha temple in 4527:Chitrasutra of the Vishnudharmottara 3814:Dr. Nalini Bhagwat (16 March 1935). 3579: 3477: 3336:from the original on 3 February 2018 3326:"The Art of the Mughals before 1600" 3272:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 88. 3269:History of Indian and Indonesian Art 2033:in Bombay (1857), were established. 1473: 1172:Deccan painting was produced in the 900:, containing the biographies of the 785:Pre-11th-century miniature paintings 5924:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 5846:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 5535:Autonomous administrative divisions 3474:Harle, 400; Craven, 216–217; Sardar 3396:"The Art of the Mughals after 1600" 3116:Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre 2959:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 284. 2953:Ghosh, Amalananda (December 1990). 2141:by encouraging students to imitate 1576:Gods and Goddesses and scenes from 1529: 1509:Gods and Goddesses and scenes from 13: 5914:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 4431:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 4249: 4207: 3887:from the original on 7 August 2018 3866: 3840:. Goaartgallery.com. 19 March 2007 3787: 3599: 3570: 3393: 3382: 3348: 2866:Miniature painting; Harle, 361–364 2848:Blurton, 201–203, 209–210, 221–222 2189:, and subsequently their students 2150:, a nephew of the poet and artist 1486: 1416: 1241: 1129: 1005: 971:Early Modern period (1526―1857 CE) 834:dated in the sixth regnal year of 446:Performance of Patua Sangeet by a 98: 14: 7274: 6109:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 5851:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 5136:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 4628: 4609:India: art and culture, 1300–1900 4034:from the original on 25 June 2017 2311:Post Independence (1947― present) 1853:led to its growth in response to 1831: 861:who herself had Indian roots and 4692: 3960:Alazar, Ejigu (1 January 2011). 3838:"Artist Gellary – M F PITHAWALA" 3266:Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. (2003). 3163:Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. (1999). 2584: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2428:Indian Art got a boost with the 2099: 1902: 1660: 1646: 1634: 872: 806: 56: 47: 36: 27: 5152:History of India (1947–present) 4126: 4100: 4086: 4072: 4046: 4021: 4015: 3995: 3989: 3953: 3927: 3899: 3830: 3807: 3781: 3739: 3713: 3699: 3679: 3652: 3627: 3545: 3529: 3520: 3511: 3502: 3468: 3443: 3418: 3318: 3293: 3250: 3241: 3214: 3178: 3157: 3133: 2921: 2896: 2015:Government College of Fine Arts 1846:Illustrated Assamese manuscript 1564:painting native to the town of 481:are much the most significant. 5919:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 5871:Special Protection Group (SPG) 5861:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 4635:Archaeological Survey of India 4151:, 1994, British Museum Press, 3227:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2887: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2833: 2824: 2626:Sudip Roy's "Charulata Series" 2121:The Bengal school arose as an 1604: 1466:, to the delicate and lyrical 1: 7014:Engineering colleges in India 6643:Electronics and semiconductor 5856:National Security Guard (NSG) 5600:World Heritage Sites in India 5188: 4389:. Calcutta University Press. 4262:Indian sculpture and painting 4181:Indian Art: A Concise History 4141: 2839:Harle, 355–361; Wall painting 2594:Some notable Indian paintings 2393:. Other famous painters like 2046:Mahadev Vishwanath Dhurandhar 1775:, temple activities, the ten 1294:. This especially so in the 1086:. The paintings of the Akbar 933:The knowledge of appearances. 623: 5904:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 5725:State legislative assemblies 5636: 5565:States and union territories 5274:Biogeographic classification 4566:The painter in ancient India 4425:Parul Dave Mukherji (2001). 4343:Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4326:. Published by Skira, 1978. 2710:'s "Series on Bengal Famine" 2647:'s "Almond Portraits Series" 2235:counter culture of modernity 1937:Early Modern Indian painting 1791:, Kama Kujara Naba Gunjara, 1588:is mixed with water-soluble 945:Action of feelings on forms. 832:Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita 815:Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita 779:Jogimara and Sitabenga Caves 475:Indian rock-cut architecture 465:and the Kailashnath temple. 418:), but the paintings of the 7: 7071:Water supply and sanitation 6054: 5836:Border Security Force (BSF) 5581:National monuments of India 4703: 4605:Welch, Stuart Cary (1985). 4210:"Islamic Art of the Deccan" 2759: 2181:, Vinayak Shivaram Masoji, 2058:Sawlaram Lakshman Haldankar 922:Six limbs (Indian Painting) 916:Shadanga of Indian painting 680:Abhilashitartha chinatamani 505:Overview of the main genres 66:Clockwise from upper left: 10: 7279: 6124:Central Statistical Office 5730:State legislative councils 5705:Union Council of Ministers 4525:C. Sivaramamurti (1978b). 4234:"Modern Indian painting", 4214:Metropolitan Museum of Art 4028:Metropolitan Museum of Art 4002:Metropolitan Museum of Art 3794:Metropolitan Museum of Art 3751:Metropolitan Museum of Art 3659:বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, দেবাশিস. 3634:Singhania, Nitish (2018). 3400:Metropolitan Museum of Art 3330:Metropolitan Museum of Art 3165:Introduction to Indian Art 3119:. Routledge. p. 225. 2704:"Persian and Mogul styles" 2541: 2445:Vernacular Indian Painting 2335:Progressive Artists' Group 2314: 2211: 2103: 1923:British East India Company 1906: 1868: 1835: 1653:Patachitra of Naya village 1641:Patachitra of Naya village 1608: 1533: 1490: 1420: 1245: 1150:National Museum, New Delhi 1133: 1009: 919: 876: 603:History of Indian painting 7094: 7004:Medical colleges in India 6959: 6955: 6935: 6854: 6823: 6559: 6428: 6368: 6320: 6272: 6202: 6154:Foreign exchange reserves 6149:Foreign direct investment 6119:Economic Advisory Council 6089: 6066: 6062: 6049: 5973: 5945: 5879: 5866:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 5828: 5819: 5764: 5755: 5648: 5644: 5631: 5573: 5525: 5463: 5352: 5264: 5246:Sacred mountains of India 5228: 5200: 5196: 5183: 5144: 5073: 4968: 4935: 4892: 4871: 4818:Indus Valley Civilisation 4803: 4715: 4711: 4698: 4563:C. Sivaramamurti (1978). 4542:C. Sivaramamurti (1968). 4496:C. Sivaramamurti (1996). 4383:Stella Kramrisch (1928). 4354:Stella Kramrisch (1954). 4322:, by Douglas E. Barrett, 4163:Indian Miniature Painting 3614:Google Arts & Culture 3557:Google Arts & Culture 3455:Google Arts & Culture 3430:Google Arts & Culture 3305:Google Cultural Institute 3167:,: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2928:Singhania, Nitin (2018). 2875:Blurton, 200–201, 209–210 2073:The Passing of Shah Jahan 1346:Bikaner style of painting 1313:school that contains the 724: 389:found in places like the 6290:Multi Commodity Exchange 5909:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 4446:Isabella Nardi (2007b). 4337:Kossak, Steven. (1997). 4290:A Handbook of Indian Art 3488:. Sotheby Publications. 3484:Zebrowski, Mark (1983). 3153:google books (full view) 3052:Parul Dave Mukherji 2001 2884:Blurton, 193; Harle, 373 2801: 2613:personification of India 2229:Several terms including 2200:ideas post-independence. 746:history of Indian murals 642:Vishnudharmottara Purana 618:Bhimbetka cave paintings 393:. Some of the Stone Age 6134:Enforcement Directorate 5595:Indian-origin religions 5586:National parks of India 5395:Highest point by states 5157:Economic liberalisation 4402:Lerner, Martin (1984). 4271:Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. 3369:Encyclopædia Britannica 3088:Anand Lal, ed. (2004). 2857:Craven, 219; Harle, 361 2786:Cave paintings in India 2674:'s Jogia "Dhoop series" 2623:'s "Lady with the Lamp" 2430:economic liberalization 2387:Beohar Rammanohar Sinha 2271:Benode Behari Mukherjee 2187:Beohar Rammanohar Sinha 2179:Benode Behari Mukherjee 2031:Sir J. J. School of Art 1883:British Colonial period 1763:, different "Vesas" of 1733:depicted in Pattachitra 991:on His Return from the 391:Bhimbetka rock shelters 7104:Arts and entertainment 6739:Science and technology 6675:Information technology 6355:Government initiatives 5251:Sacred rivers of India 5241:Sacred groves of India 4795:Science and technology 4545:South Indian Paintings 4529:. Kanal Publications. 4360:. Phaidon Publishers. 4293:. John Murray, London. 4265:. John Murray, London. 4227:"Miniature painting", 4165:, 2005, Lustre Press, 3977:Cite journal requires 3636:INDIAN ART AND CULTURE 2930:INDIAN ART AND CULTURE 2616: 2317:Modern Indian painting 2139:Calcutta School of Art 2081: 1970: 1955: 1899: 1847: 1734: 1557: 1390:The Dhundar school of 1340:school comprising the 1264: 1169: 1157: 1054: 1002: 741: 657:Samarangana Sutradhara 458: 454:scroll to illustrate, 103: 7061:Socio-economic issues 7009:Law colleges in India 6999:Universities in India 6247:Reserve Bank of India 5050:Independence movement 4848:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 4147:Blurton, T. Richard, 4024:"Modern Art in India" 3076:C. Sivaramamurti 1996 3040:Stella Kramrisch 1928 3028:C. Sivaramamurti 1978 2998:C. Sivaramamurti 1996 2601: 2135:Ernest Binfield Havel 2070: 1961: 1944: 1915:Company rule in India 1890: 1865:Other regional styles 1845: 1729: 1675:The Bengal Patachitra 1543: 1255: 1163: 1143: 1049: 978: 877:Further information: 732: 445: 228:Rock-cut architecture 102: 6335:Economic development 6179:Voluntary guidelines 6174:Industrial licensing 5304:Environmental issues 5086:Non-Aligned Movement 4863:Seleucid–Mauryan war 4502:. India Book House. 4161:Chakraverty, Anjan, 4060:on 24 September 2013 3193:University of London 3054:, pp. xxi–xliv. 2666:Bikash Bhattacharjee 2662:'s "Jakkha 0 Jakkhi" 2636:Abanindranath Tagore 2609:Abanindranath Tagore 2301:Contextual Modernism 2284:The literary critic 2275:Bengal School of Art 2220:Contextual Modernism 2208:Contextual Modernism 2148:Abanindranath Tagore 2112:Bengal School of Art 2106:Bengal school of art 2094:Bengal school of art 2087:Abanindranath Tagore 2078:Abanindranath Tagore 1709:Medinipur Patachitra 1188:by 1520. These were 1039:styles of painting. 608:Prehistoric rock art 569:Francis Newton Souza 546:Abanindranath Tagore 542:Bengal School of art 233:Ancient architecture 74:(ca. 18th century), 6097:Ministry of Finance 5101:Indo-Pakistani wars 5045:Partition of Bengal 4569:. National Museum. 4548:. National Museum. 4245:, Indian Government 4241:"Wall paintings", 4238:, Indian Government 4231:, Indian Government 4114:on 11 November 2010 3941:on 29 November 2014 3665:Anandabazar Patrika 3066:, pp. 291–296. 3064:Isabella Nardi 2007 3013:Isabella Nardi 2007 2796:Rabindra Chitravali 2781:Eastern art history 2776:History of painting 2630:Rabindranath Tagore 2263:Rabindranath Tagore 2152:Rabindranath Tagore 1947:Galaxy of Musicians 1713:Kalighat Patachitra 1458:, originating from 1406:styles of painting. 1400:Shekhawati painting 840:The Asiatic Society 685:Sivatatva ratnakara 589:Bose Krishnamachari 573:Vasudeo S. Gaitonde 554:Rabindranath Tagore 467:Miniature paintings 399:Indian subcontinent 385:times, such as the 7066:Standard of living 6756:Telecommunications 6273:Financial services 6194:Atmanirbhar Bharat 6114:Finance Commission 5279:Biosphere reserves 5035:Bengal Renaissance 5023:Commander-in-Chief 4988:East India Company 2686:'s "Horses-series" 2680:'s "Confrontation" 2632:'s "Self portrait" 2617: 2247:colonial modernity 2243:Colonial modernity 2082: 1971: 1956: 1900: 1896:East India Company 1876:Madhubani painting 1871:Madhubani Painting 1848: 1735: 1558: 1333:styles of painting 1265: 1220:Ragamala paintings 1170: 1158: 1055: 1025:Persian miniatures 1003: 742: 459: 334:Visual arts portal 104: 92:Art forms of India 7245: 7244: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7236: 6931: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6476:Jammu and Kashmir 6102:Finance ministers 6045: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6033:Women in politics 6008:Political parties 5941: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5747:Chief Secretaries 5720:State governments 5715:Cabinet Secretary 5668:Foreign relations 5627: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5167:COVID-19 pandemic 5040:Political reforms 4620:978-0-944142-13-4 4600:978-2-903656-76-8 4555:978-81-230-0052-7 4469:Archiv Orientální 4459:978-1-134-16523-0 4438:978-81-208-1805-7 3707:"Pattachitra.com" 3695:978-88-97683-39-1 3645:978-93-87067-54-7 3279:978-0-7661-5801-6 3202:on 12 August 2018 3151:, 9780870998621, 3126:978-1-317-27886-3 2939:978-93-87067-54-7 2645:Aman Singh Gulati 2513:Manjusha painting 2510:Bhojpuri painting 2494:Rural Painting: 2456:Tribal Painting: 2202:K. G. Subramanyan 1963:Radha and Krishna 1851:Painting of Assam 1838:Painting of Assam 1705:Tribal Patachitra 1474:Malwa and Jaunpur 1464:Jammu and Kashmir 1186:Bahmani Sultanate 1182:Deccan sultanates 1102:, Abul Hasan and 1050:A folio from the 863:Gubyaukgyi Temple 828:Kalachakra Tantra 735:Mahajanaka Jataka 558:Asit Kumar Haldar 429:Company paintings 425:Persian miniature 372: 371: 7270: 7200:Physical culture 7021:Ethnic relations 6957: 6956: 6937: 6936: 6919:Mumbai Consensus 6471:Himachal Pradesh 6360:Numbering system 6350:Green revolution 6225:Historical Forex 6064: 6063: 6051: 6050: 6023:Scheduled groups 5826: 5825: 5762: 5761: 5646: 5645: 5633: 5632: 5615:Tourism in India 5610:History of India 5605:Culture of India 5215:Geology of India 5198: 5197: 5185: 5184: 5116:Naxal Insurgency 5111:White Revolution 5106:Green Revolution 4713: 4712: 4700: 4699: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4641:Indian Art Forms 4624: 4588: 4559: 4538: 4521: 4476: 4463: 4442: 4421: 4398: 4379: 4294: 4280: 4266: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4208:Sardar, Marika. 4135: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4110:. 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Archived from 3190: 3182: 3176: 3161: 3155: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3085: 3079: 3078:, pp. 5–22. 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3016: 3010: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2908:sites.google.com 2900: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2716:'s "Bull Series" 2668:'s "Doll-series" 2588: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2490:Kurumba painting 2399:Prokash Karmakar 2175:Kalipada Ghoshal 2060:(1882–1968) and 1969:, oil on canvas. 1967:M. V. Dhurandhar 1954:, oil on canvas. 1892:Company painting 1664: 1650: 1638: 1536:Tanjore painting 1530:Tanjore painting 1468:Kangra paintings 1456:Basohli painting 1452:Himachal Pradesh 1375:school with the 1256:An 18th-century 983:Receives Prince 855:Abeyadana temple 690:Chitra Kaladruma 597:Mithila painting 535:Company painting 404:India's ancient 364: 357: 350: 101: 88: 87: 72:Radha Bani thani 60: 51: 40: 31: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7267: 7258:Indian painting 7248: 7247: 7246: 7233: 7205:Public holidays 7090: 7036:Life expectancy 6951: 6950: 6923: 6850: 6819: 6724:Pharmaceuticals 6555: 6424: 6364: 6330:COVID-19 impact 6316: 6268: 6198: 6085: 6058: 6037: 5969: 5933: 5875: 5815: 5811:District Courts 5751: 5742:Chief Ministers 5640: 5619: 5569: 5521: 5459: 5433:Western coastal 5428:Eastern coastal 5415:Mountain passes 5348: 5334:Protected areas 5260: 5256:Stones of India 5224: 5192: 5171: 5140: 5126:Space programme 5096:Sino-Indian War 5091:Five-Year Plans 5069: 4964: 4931: 4922:Delhi Sultanate 4888: 4879:Middle kingdoms 4872:Middle Kingdoms 4867: 4799: 4707: 4694: 4691: 4652:Online exhibits 4631: 4621: 4577: 4556: 4510: 4499:Indian Painting 4460: 4439: 4418: 4368: 4320:Indian Painting 4308:Indian Painting 4298:Indian Painting 4252: 4250:Further reading 4218: 4216: 4173:, 9788174363343 4144: 4139: 4138: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3994: 3990: 3978: 3976: 3967: 3966: 3958: 3954: 3944: 3942: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3919: 3918: 3911: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3875: 3874: 3867: 3862: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3590: 3588: 3578: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3392: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3363: 3362: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3162: 3158: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3086: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3019: 3011: 3004: 3000:, pp. 5–9. 2996: 2992: 2979: 2977: 2967: 2951: 2947: 2940: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2904:"Bengal School" 2902: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2809: 2804: 2762: 2748:Amrita-Sher-Gil 2722:'s "In Despair" 2651:Raja Ravi Varma 2611:(1871–1951), a 2596: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2562: 2553: 2544: 2447: 2319: 2313: 2267:Ram Kinker Baij 2216: 2210: 2191:A. Ramachandran 2108: 2102: 2037:Raja Ravi Varma 2007:princely states 2003:George Chinnery 1995:Joshua Reynolds 1991:William Daniell 1952:Raja Ravi Varma 1939: 1931:Mughal painting 1911: 1905: 1885: 1873: 1867: 1840: 1834: 1783:basing on the ' 1681: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1613: 1607: 1578:Hindu mythology 1538: 1532: 1511:Hindu mythology 1495: 1493:Mysore painting 1489: 1487:Mysore painting 1476: 1425: 1423:Pahari painting 1419: 1417:Pahari painting 1411:Pahari painting 1258:Rajput painting 1250: 1248:Rajput painting 1244: 1242:Rajput painting 1231:Tuzuk-i-Asafiya 1138: 1136:Deccan painting 1132: 1130:Deccan painting 1017:Mughal painting 1014: 1012:Mughal painting 1008: 1006:Mughal painting 973: 949:Lavanya Yojanam 924: 918: 881: 875: 867:Tibetan Thangka 809: 787: 773:and Sitabinji. 727: 710:Prajapati silpa 705:Sarasvati silpa 665:Aparajitaprccha 626: 610: 605: 507: 375:Indian painting 368: 339: 338: 314: 306: 305: 261: 253: 252: 218: 210: 209: 145: 137: 136: 112: 99: 86: 85: 84: 83: 78:series (1825), 63: 62: 61: 53: 52: 43: 42: 41: 33: 32: 23: 22: 21:Indian painting 12: 11: 5: 7276: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7243: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7219: 7218: 7217: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7144: 7143: 7133: 7132: 7131: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6941: 6933: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6894:Income Tax Act 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6736: 6731: 6729:Pulp and paper 6726: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6717:Iron and Steel 6714: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6563: 6561: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6501:Madhya Pradesh 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6436:Andhra Pradesh 6432: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6400: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6383: 6378: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6340:Liberalisation 6337: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6086: 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5475: 5469: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5385:Extreme points 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5329:National parks 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5289:Climate change 5286: 5281: 5276: 5270: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5206: 5204: 5194: 5193: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5121:Smiling Buddha 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4998:1857 rebellion 4995: 4990: 4985: 4983:Princely state 4980: 4974: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4955:European trade 4952: 4947: 4941: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4902:Medieval India 4898: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4838:Yavana Kingdom 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4809: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4785:Paper currency 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4719: 4717: 4709: 4708: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4630: 4629:External links 4627: 4626: 4625: 4619: 4602: 4589: 4575: 4560: 4554: 4539: 4522: 4508: 4493: 4477: 4464: 4458: 4443: 4437: 4422: 4416: 4399: 4380: 4366: 4351: 4335: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4295: 4281: 4267: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4205: 4191: 4177:Craven, Roy C. 4174: 4159: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4125: 4099: 4085: 4071: 4045: 4014: 3988: 3979:|journal= 3952: 3926: 3909: 3898: 3865: 3851: 3829: 3818:. Indiaart.com 3806: 3780: 3768: 3738: 3712: 3698: 3678: 3651: 3644: 3626: 3598: 3569: 3544: 3528: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3494: 3476: 3467: 3442: 3417: 3381: 3347: 3317: 3292: 3278: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3233: 3213: 3177: 3156: 3132: 3125: 3105: 3098: 3080: 3068: 3056: 3044: 3032: 3017: 3002: 2990: 2965: 2945: 2938: 2920: 2895: 2893:Harle, 372–382 2886: 2877: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2766:Warli Painting 2761: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2750: 2745: 2739: 2729: 2728:'s "Mahisasur" 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2678:Jahar Dasgupta 2675: 2669: 2663: 2660:Ramkinkar Baij 2657: 2648: 2642: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2621:Hemen Majumdar 2595: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2583: 2581: 2574: 2572: 2565: 2563: 2556: 2554: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2502: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2446: 2443: 2419:R . Siva Kumar 2395:Jahar Dasgupta 2391:Akbar Padamsee 2375:Krishen Khanna 2371:V. S. Gaitonde 2315:Main article: 2312: 2309: 2286:Ranjit Hoskote 2212:Main article: 2209: 2206: 2104:Main article: 2101: 2098: 2062:Hemen Majumdar 2054:M F Pithawalla 1938: 1935: 1907:Main article: 1904: 1901: 1884: 1881: 1869:Main article: 1866: 1863: 1855:Neo-Vaisnavism 1836:Main article: 1833: 1832:Assam Painting 1830: 1824:, Chikiti and 1822:Paralakhemundi 1673: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1609:Main article: 1606: 1603: 1534:Main article: 1531: 1528: 1491:Main article: 1488: 1485: 1475: 1472: 1421:Main article: 1418: 1415: 1408: 1407: 1388: 1369: 1334: 1298:region, where 1260:by the artist 1246:Main article: 1243: 1240: 1168:Darbar c.1820 1134:Main article: 1131: 1128: 1084:Mir Sayyid Ali 1010:Main article: 1007: 1004: 972: 969: 965: 964: 958: 952: 946: 940: 934: 920:Main article: 917: 914: 874: 871: 808: 805: 786: 783: 763:Armamalai Cave 726: 723: 718: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 669: 661: 653: 646: 625: 622: 609: 606: 604: 601: 506: 503: 395:rock paintings 370: 369: 367: 366: 359: 352: 344: 341: 340: 337: 336: 331: 326: 324:Indian culture 321: 319:Indian history 315: 312: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 262: 259: 258: 255: 254: 251: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 223:Cave paintings 219: 216: 215: 212: 211: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 170:Greco-Buddhist 167: 162: 157: 152: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 135: 134: 129: 124: 119: 113: 110: 109: 106: 105: 95: 94: 65: 64: 55: 54: 46: 45: 44: 35: 34: 26: 25: 24: 20: 19: 18: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7275: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 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6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6648:Entertainment 6646: 6644: 6641: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6546:Uttar Pradesh 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6230:Digital rupee 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189:Make in India 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6144:Foreign trade 6142: 6140: 6139:External debt 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6052: 6048: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5801:Chief Justice 5799: 5797: 5796:Supreme Court 5794: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5663:Energy policy 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5630: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5423:Indo-Gangetic 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5131:The Emergency 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4956: 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Routledge. 4451: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4423: 4419: 4417:0-87099-374-7 4413: 4409: 4408: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4367:9788120801820 4363: 4359: 4358: 4352: 4350: 4349:0-87099-783-1 4346: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4333: 4332:0-8478-0160-8 4329: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4285:Havell, E. B. 4282: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4257:Havell, E. B. 4254: 4253: 4244: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4193:Harle, J.C., 4192: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4158: 4157:0 7141 1442 1 4154: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4134: 4129: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4095: 4089: 4081: 4075: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4022:Ali, Atteqa. 4018: 4003: 3999: 3996:Ali, Atteqa. 3992: 3984: 3971: 3963: 3956: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3922: 3916: 3914: 3907: 3902: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3839: 3833: 3817: 3810: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3775: 3773: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3726: 3725:NID CEED Help 3722: 3716: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3647: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3603: 3587: 3586:metmuseum.org 3583: 3576: 3574: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3523: 3514: 3505: 3497: 3495:9780520048782 3491: 3487: 3480: 3471: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3281: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3236: 3234:9780870998621 3230: 3226: 3225: 3217: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3173:81-215-0389-2 3170: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3136: 3128: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3109: 3101: 3099:9780195644463 3095: 3091: 3084: 3077: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3048: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3014: 3009: 3007: 2999: 2994: 2987: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2966:90-04-09264-1 2962: 2958: 2957: 2949: 2941: 2935: 2931: 2924: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2854: 2845: 2836: 2830:Wall painting 2827: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2807: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2720:Devajyoti Ray 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2708:Jainul Abedin 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2672:Geeta Vadhera 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2545: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2442: 2440: 2439:Pseudorealism 2436: 2435:Devajyoti Ray 2431: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2408: 2407:Anand Krishna 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2325: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259:Nandalal Bose 2256: 2255:R. Siva Kumar 2253:According to 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:Nandalal Bose 2164: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2100:Bengal school 2097: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2064:(1894–1948). 2063: 2059: 2056:(1872–1937), 2055: 2052:(1870–1935), 2051: 2048:(1867–1944), 2047: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1919:Company style 1916: 1910: 1909:Company style 1903:Company style 1897: 1893: 1889: 1880: 1877: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1676: 1663: 1649: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1484: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1443:, in the sub- 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1414: 1412: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1239: 1237: 1236:such as ivory 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178:Central India 1175: 1167: 1162: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1074: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021:Mughal Empire 1018: 1013: 1000: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 977: 968: 962: 961:Varnikabhanga 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 928: 927: 923: 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 898: 892: 890: 886: 880: 873:Western India 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 853:particularly 852: 848: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 816: 807:Eastern India 804: 800: 797: 793: 782: 780: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 747: 740: 736: 731: 722: 716: 715:Kasyapa silpa 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 675: 674: 670: 667: 666: 662: 659: 658: 654: 650: 649:Chitralaksana 647: 644: 643: 638: 635: 634: 633: 631: 621: 619: 615: 600: 598: 594: 593:Jitish Kallat 590: 586: 585:Devajyoti Ray 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 538: 536: 531: 527: 522: 520: 516: 512: 502: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 457: 453: 449: 444: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 417: 416: 411: 407: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 365: 360: 358: 353: 351: 346: 345: 343: 342: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 310: 309: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 291:Barabar caves 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 257: 256: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 220: 214: 213: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 165:Indo-Scythian 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 147: 141: 140: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 108: 107: 97: 96: 93: 90: 89: 81: 77: 73: 69: 68:Ajanta fresco 59: 50: 39: 30: 16: 7194: 7185:Martial arts 7109:Architecture 6982:Demographics 6967:Caste system 6944:Society and 6594:Construction 6376:By net worth 6210:Indian rupee 6013:Reservations 5881:Intelligence 5784:Human rights 5769:Constitution 5527:Subdivisions 5220:Indian Plate 5210:Fossil Parks 5145:Contemporary 5060:World War II 4937:Early Modern 4927:Vijayanagara 4823:Vedic period 4693:India topics 4610: 4607: 4565: 4544: 4526: 4498: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4448: 4427: 4407: 4404: 4385: 4356: 4339: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4297: 4289: 4275: 4261: 4217:. 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Sharma 2702:Rakesh Vijay 2698:'s "Gossip", 2696:John Wilkins 2602: 2493: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2427: 2411: 2403:John Wilkins 2332: 2328: 2320: 2305:Architecture 2300: 2299: 2294:R Siva Kumar 2283: 2278: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2234: 2228: 2224:postcolonial 2217: 2195: 2163:pan-Asianist 2160: 2155: 2127:academic art 2120: 2109: 2091: 2083: 2071: 2050:A X Trindade 2035: 2012: 1972: 1962: 1945: 1912: 1874: 1859:Ahom kingdom 1849: 1785:Gita Govinda 1777:incarnations 1736: 1731:Gita Govinda 1708: 1704: 1698: 1693: 1692: 1682: 1674: 1614: 1582: 1562:South Indian 1559: 1554:Bhai Mardana 1515: 1499:South Indian 1496: 1479: 1477: 1429:Pahari style 1426: 1409: 1304: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1229: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1171: 1118: 1108: 1100:Ustad Mansur 1093: 1087: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1056: 1041: 1015: 979: 966: 960: 954: 948: 942: 936: 930: 925: 906:Parshvanatha 902:Tirthankaras 895: 893: 882: 844: 831: 827: 824:Karandavyuha 823: 819: 813: 810: 801: 791: 788: 775: 767:Ellora Caves 759:Sittanavasal 743: 719: 714: 709: 704: 700:Narada silpa 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 671: 663: 655: 648: 640: 637:Chitrasutras 636: 629: 627: 611: 577:Subodh Gupta 565:M. F. Husain 562: 550:Nandlal Bose 539: 523: 508: 483: 479:Ajanta Caves 463:Ajanta Caves 460: 420:Ajanta Caves 413: 403: 374: 373: 247: 238:Architecture 200:Indo-Islamic 150:Indus Valley 76:Gita Govinda 15: 7227:Traditional 6904:Banking Act 6889:SARFESI Act 6803:Electricity 6624:Oil and gas 6614:Electricity 6567:Agriculture 6551:West Bengal 6541:Uttarakhand 6506:Maharashtra 6345:Licence Raj 6300:Black money 6159:Remittances 6003:Nationalism 5988:Citizenship 5821:Enforcement 5806:High Courts 5683:Rajya Sabha 5344:sanctuaries 5294:Earthquakes 5266:Environment 5081:Integration 5055:1943 famine 5003:British Raj 4970:Late modern 4894:Middle Ages 4858:Alchon Huns 4770:Mathematics 4760:Linguistics 4302:Percy Brown 4118:18 December 4064:13 December 3844:13 December 3822:13 December 3508:Craven, 216 3310:17 November 3285:11 December 2742:ShakthiDass 2640:Bharat Mata 2604:Bharat Mata 2499:Pattachitra 2415:Geeta Kapur 2367:Manishi Dey 2359:F. N. Souza 2351:M.F. Husain 2343:S. K. Bakre 2290:Atul Dodiya 2239:Tani Barlow 2231:Paul Gilroy 2183:B.C. Sanyal 2156:Bharat Mata 2123:avant garde 2116:British Raj 2029:(1854) and 1818:Raghurajpur 1797:Mahabharata 1689:West Bengal 1685:West Bengal 1621:West Bengal 1611:Pattachitra 1605:Pattachitra 1288:Mahabharata 1262:Nihâl Chand 1094:After him, 1060:Abdus Samad 957:Similitude. 897:Kalpa Sūtra 869:paintings. 820:Pancharaksa 796:Aurel Stein 695:Silpa ratna 673:Manasollasa 614:petroglyphs 581:Atul Dodiya 515:Pala Empire 498:Chitrakathi 452:pattachitra 437:art schools 433:British raj 387:petroglyphs 383:prehistoric 7263:Indian art 7252:Categories 7178:television 7168:Literature 6972:Corruption 6695:Television 6663:Healthcare 6584:Automotive 6531:Tamil Nadu 6398:Labour law 6381:Demography 6184:NITI Aayog 6090:Governance 6076:BSE SENSEX 6028:Secularism 5983:Censorship 5774:Penal Code 5673:Parliament 5650:Government 5455:Waterfalls 5299:Ecoregions 5162:Pokhran-II 4960:Bengal War 4775:Metallurgy 4509:8123720149 4324:Basil Gray 4219:3 February 4203:0300062176 4189:0500201463 4171:8174363343 4142:References 4038:3 February 4007:3 February 3891:3 February 3799:3 February 3761:3 February 3619:3 February 3591:3 February 3562:3 February 3517:Harle, 400 3460:4 February 3435:3 February 3410:3 February 3374:4 February 3340:3 February 3149:0870998625 2753:M. 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5829:Federal 5540:Borders 5473:Central 5465:Regions 5445:Valleys 5419:Plains 5400:Islands 5360:Beaches 5324:Geology 5314:Forests 5284:Climate 5202:Geology 5013:Economy 4993:Plassey 4945:Mughals 4907:Hoysala 4833:Mauryas 4745:Coinage 4705:History 4535:5856266 3175:p.68-70 2736:Krishna 2542:Gallery 2535:Mandana 2479:Santhal 2042:Puranas 1975:Zoffany 1826:Sonepur 1789:Jayadev 1761:Krishna 1566:Tanjore 1460:Basohli 1441:Garhwal 1354:Jodhpur 1350:Bikaner 1327:Udaipur 1323:Devgarh 1315:Chavand 1300:Marwari 1292:havelis 1190:Bijapur 1166:Maratha 1114:Bichitr 985:Khurram 885:Gujarat 851:Myanmar 771:Ramgarh 526:Humayun 456:Kolkata 286:Bharhut 271:Mathura 190:Pallava 185:Pandyan 155:Mauryan 144:Periods 82:(1870). 70:(450), 7124:Comics 7119:Cinema 7026:Health 6734:Retail 6707:Mining 6685:Cinema 6609:Energy 6521:Punjab 6516:Odisha 6496:Ladakh 6491:Kerala 6429:States 6386:Income 6369:People 6305:Bombay 5550:Cities 5440:Rivers 5375:Desert 5370:Coasts 5365:Canals 4790:Postal 4639:Refer 4617: 4598: 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