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Sri
Aurobindo' is fighting general elections in Bharat with a programme the first item of which reads: 'Annulment of the ill-fated partition and reunification of India.' In its election manifesto, which has been widely distributed and even sent to some newspapers in Pakistan, the party claims that 'there is a party even in Pakistan which is working for reunification and it is growing in strength.' The editorial in this Muslim League newspaper goes on to remark that the party in East Bengal is not named but hints very strongly that it is the Awami League. It is this latter charge (that they are at best dupes and at worst agents of seditious groups) that has been used most effectively against the regionalist groups—so much so that it made Mr. Bhashani cry out in an interview, "Call me an agitator, call me anything, but when they say that I am an enemy of Pakistan and am destroying it, I can only cry my agony to the high heavens for justice and retribution."
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Mashriqi, a nationalist Muslim, thus saw Jinnah as "becoming a tool in
British hands for his political career." Besides the pro-separatist Muslim League, Islamic leadership in British India rejected the notion of partitioning the country, exemplified by the fact that most Muslims in the heartland of the subcontinent remained where they were, rather than migrating to newly created state of Pakistan. India and Pakistan are currently allocating a significant amount of their budget into military spending—money that could be spent in economic and social development. Poverty, homelessness, illiteracy, terrorism and a lack of medical facilities, in Yousaf's eyes, would not be plaguing an undivided India as it would be more advantaged "economically, politically, and socially." Yousaf has stated that Indians and Pakistanis speak a common lingua franca,
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independent, their status to be settled later. Geographical location, personal and popular sentiment, and substantial pressure and incentives from the new governments led almost all princes eventually to merge their domains into either
Pakistan or India. ... Each new government asserted its exclusive sovereignty within its borders, realigning all territories, animals, plants, minerals, and all other natural and human-made resources as either Pakistani or Indian property, to be used for its national development... Simultaneously, the central civil and military services and judiciary split roughly along religious 'communal' lines, even as they divided movable government assets according to a negotiated formula: 22.7 percent for Pakistan and 77.3 percent for India.
156:). Mashriqi claimed the two-nation theory was a British plot to maintain control of the region more easily, if India was divided into two countries that were pitted against one another. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that "Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country." To him, separatist leaders "were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda."
276:, which took place without a referendum in pre-1947 colonial India; these professors have stated that "Inhabitants of the subcontinent of India are poignantly reminded at this moment of the grave injustice that was done to them in 1947, when British India was partitioned without taking the wishes of its inhabitants into account." Sharma, Cox, Ahmad and Singh further expressed “regret that the fate of a quarter of the population of the globe was decided arbitrarily by the representative of an imperial power and by those who were not even duly elected by adult franchise.” In view of this, Sharma, Cox, Ahmad and Singh in
410:, as well as reduce the power of the "security-bureaucratic machine", thus guaranteeing a true secular, socialist and democratic society. Advocating for a common revolution, Khan declared that "Five thousand years of common history, culture and society is too strong to be cleavaged by this partition." His views are described his book "Crisis in the Indian Subcontinent, Partition: Can it be Undone?" in which Khan states that "revolutionary transformation of the economies and societies is an essential prerequisite for the reunification of the subcontinent."
29:
391:. Remember Sri Aurobindo's words in 1947, "The old communal division into Hindu and Muslim seems to have hardened into the figure of a permanent division of the country. It is hoped that the Congress and the nation will not accept the settled fact as for ever settled, or as anything more than a temporary expedient. For if it lasts, India may be seriously weakened, even crippled: civil strife may remain always possible; possible even a new invasion and foreign conquest.
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countryside, ploughing the land as landless peasants or sharecroppers, it is hardly surprising that many thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands, did not hear the news for many weeks afterwards. For some, the butchery and forced relocation of the summer months of 1947 may have been the first that they knew about the creation of the two new states rising from the fragmentary and terminally weakened
British empire in India
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scientific socialism. The eradication of misery, poverty, disease, ignorance, exploitation, national oppression and the subjugation of women and minorities in society is only possible through the overthrow of capitalism. The annihilation of the existing decaying and repressive states will be linked to the creation of a greater proletarian state based on a workers’ democracy. —Lal Khan
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India. A state dominated by the Muslim League would offer a permanent sphere of influence to the
British. This was also bound to influence the attitude of India. With a British base in Pakistan, India would have to pay far greater attention to British interests than she might otherwise do. ... The partition of India would materially alter the situation in favour of the British.
510:
Would you have voted in favor of or in opposition of
Pakistan's creation", 92% said they would have voted in favour of it. According to Gallup Pakistan, 71% of Pakistanis in 2016 believed that Muslims have benefited from the creation of Pakistan, and 80% said that they would have supported the two-nation theory in 1947.
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launch Ghazwa-e-Hind. Our homework is complete to get
Kashmir." Pakistani propagandist Zaid Hamid has also repeatedly invoked Ghazwa-e-Hind as a battle against Hindu India led from Muslim Pakistan. According to Hamid, "Allah has destined the people of Pakistan" with victory and "Allah is the aid and helper of Pakistan".
715:
South Asians learned that the
British Indian empire would be partitioned on 3 June 1947. They heard about it on the radio, from relations and friends, by reading newspapers and, later, through government pamphlets. Among a population of almost four hundred million, where the vast majority live in the
361:
If a united India had become free...there was little chance that
Britain could retain her position in the economic and industrial life of India. The partition of India, in which the Muslim majority provinces formed a separate and independent state, would, on the other hand, give Britain a foothold in
173:
policies, the
British colonial government were attempting to "scare Muslims into imagining that in a free India, Muslims would lose their separate identity and be absorbed into the Hindu fold", a threat that "aim at depoliticizing the Muslims, weaning them away from struggle for independence." In the
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In South Asia, recent years have seen the subject of reunification being considered by people in both India and Pakistan. Inevitably, there is a diversity of views on such a subject. Among Indians and Pakistanis who generally agree on the merits of reunification, some regard it as feasible only when
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Until and unless the borders of India are peaceful we won’t be able to achieve economical, societal and educational development. Tensions at borders are leading to enormous expenditures and development work is stalled. The division made by British was unnatural so we request honorable Prime Minister
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in 1992 demanded that "a plebiscite be held over the entire territory that comprised British India on the question of its partition into India and Pakistan." These professors argued that "As the Kashmir problem is ineluctably tied to the partition of India, all Indians should have had a say in their
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of February 4, 1957: A vigorous campaign has been launched in Bharat to undo Pakistan and re-unite it with Bharat, according to authoritative reports reaching here from Calcutta. A political party, the Sri Aurobindo Sevak Sangha which claims that its political programme is based on the 'teaching of
509:
based in the United States), 73% of Pakistanis who participated in a 2021 poll held the opinion that the partition of India was a good step for relations between Muslims and Hindus. In 2016, when Gallup Pakistan asked Pakistanis the question: "If you were a mature adult in 1947 (capable of voting).
232:
remarked that "It is greatly to be hoped that when the disadvantages of separation have become apparent in the light of experience, the two Dominions will freely decide to reunite in a single Indian Dominion, which might achieve that position among the nations of the world to which its territories
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For example, Lashkar-e-Taiba has often spoken of Ghazwa-e-Hind as a means of liberating Kashmir from Indian control. The group's founder, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, has declared repeatedly that "f freedom is not given to the Kashmiris, then we will occupy the whole of India including Kashmir. We will
386:
Kashmir may hold the key to India's reunification with Pakistan, whether by force or by mutual consent. For that is the crux of the problem: as long as Pakistan and India are divided there will be other Kashmirs, other Ayodhyas, other wars with Pakistan--nuclear maybe--and India will never be at
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The partition of South Asia that produced India and West and East Pakistan resulted from years of bitter negotiations and recriminations ... The departing British also decreed that the hundreds of princes, who ruled one-third of the subcontinent and a quarter of its population, became legally
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observed that "Hindus ... have not forgiven the Muslim League for destroying the unity of the subcontinent when the British agreed to independence." Many Hindus were devastated by the fact that "part of the motherland envisaged in the ancient Hindu scriptures" was partitioned from India. The
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Yousaf holds that "Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the President of the All-India Muslim League and later founder of Pakistan, had been misleading the Muslim community in order to go down in history as the saviour of the Muslim cause and to become founder and first Governor General of Pakistan." Allama
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Reunification cannot be imposed on any nationality, community, religion or ethnic group. It must be a voluntary socialist federation. The main dynamic will be the programme and perspective of the revolutionary party, leading the insurrection. The programme must be based on the principles of
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Indian nationalists felt that following the departure of the British from the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan would destabilize and reunite with India; both the British, as well as the Indian National Congress thus thought it would be best for the British to leave sooner. On the other hand,
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has advocated the reunification of India with Pakistan under a secular government. Katju claimed that the primary causes of the partition were divide and rule policies of the British colonial government, which were implemented after Hindus and Muslims joined forces to fight against the
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and India to prevent the spread of Communism, as well the fact that a "division of the people and territory would prevent a united India from emerging as a world power and keep the two nations dependent on pivotal powers." Yousaf cited former Indian National Congress president
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that would possess a common currency and laws. Durrani stated that such an Indo-Pakistan Confederation would soften the borders of India and Pakistan and eventually integrate the armed forces of both entities, paving the way for peaceful Indian reunification, in which
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The reunification of India - Akhandha Bharat - was an objective and it rejected the notion of India as a federation of states, as stated in the Indian constitution, but considered it as Bhārat Māta (Mother India), the original pre-partition India, undivided and
542:, a Hindu nationalist organisation, stated that “The RSS still believes that one day these parts, which have for historical reasons separated only 60 years ago, will again, through popular goodwill, come together and Akhand Bharat will be created.”
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Narendra Modi to use all military options and unite Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan to make Akhand Bharat. The dream saw by Indian leaders before and after independence will come true and India will become most powerful country in the world.
371:, "wear the same dress, eat the same food, enjoy the same music and movies, and communicate in the same style and on a similar wavelength". He argues that uniting would be a challenge, though not impossible, citing the fall of the
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on the issue resulted in the conclusion "This House Regrets the Partition of India", with a majority of 108 votes holding that the partition of India was harmful and a minority of 76 votes that were in favour of it.
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wrote that: "Pakistani leaders are well aware of the fact that the majority of the Indian population does not accept the partition of 1947 and will come out in the open to do away with it at the first opportunity."
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As such, the Jan Sangh Party (it later changed its name to the BJP) did not believe in the two-nation principle and, therefore, advocated for quite some time for the reunification of mother India with Pakistan.
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502:) were largely critical of the Partition and were "supportive of any efforts of reunification". Additionally, of those surveyed, only 44% were supportive of Bangladesh becoming independent from Pakistan.
482:"found that 44 per cent of Indians would support reunification with Pakistan." Moreover, 57% of Indians above age 55 thought that the partition of India should have not occurred. The Indian states of
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opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India (
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140:, stated that “No power on earth can rob anyone of his faith and convictions, and no power on earth shall be permitted to rob Indian Muslims of their just rights as Indian nationals.”
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In the 1950s, the Sri Aurobindo Sevak Sangha included in their programme "Annulment of the ill-fated partition and reunification of India." On 4 February 4, 1957, the Muslim League's
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commented at the Rangoonwala College of Dental Science in July 2017 that the reunification of Pakistan and Bangladesh with India would "keep India prosperous and peaceful".
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of the Muslim League wished to delay the departure of the British as he felt that it would allow the newly created state of Pakistan to receive its share of joint assets.
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In August 1953, several newspapers in India reported that meetings held on United India Day presented Indian reunification as the goal of patriots. One of them,
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published an article stating that "there is a party even in Pakistan which is working for reunification and it is growing in strength", with reference to the
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has framed the prophecy of Ghazwa-e-Hind, as one in which India is defeated and united with Pakistan, unifying the Indian subcontinent under Muslim rule.
344:; Yousaf stated that the partition of India itself was a result of the divide and rule policies of the British government that sought to create another
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1571:"India’s Partition in the Face of Opposition: An Unveiled Perspective" published by "Harvard Asia Quarterly" (Spring 2009, Vol XII, No. 2)
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took place. Since that time, various individuals and political parties, as well as religious groups have called for Indian reunification.
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The subject of undoing the partition and reunifying India has been discussed by both Indians and Pakistanis, especially in recent times.
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A study of Jamiat-Ulama-i-Hind with special reference to Maulana Hussain Ahmad Madani in freedom movement (A.D. 1919-A.D.1947)
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The Jamiya-i-ulama-Hind founded in 1919, strongly opposed partition in the 1940s and was committed to composite nationalism.
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Reunification of India; Kashmir perspective by Rasikh Barkat, Riyaz Ahmad, Afiya Javaid, and Mohsin Ilahi - Rabwah Times
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329:. Katju serves as the chairman of the Indian Reunification Association (IRA), which seeks to campaign for this cause.
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458:, said in 2020 that the NCP advocates that "India, Pakistan and Bangladesh should be merged". Malik compared this to
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462:: "If the Berlin wall can be demolished then why not India, Pakistan and Bangladesh come together?"
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peace with its own Muslim community, which is a permanent danger to herself. For India and Pakistan
169:, a Deobandi Muslim scholar and proponent of a united India, argued that in order to maintain their
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as one of its objectives; in this context, Akhand Bharat's borders were that of India, before its
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1947:
1935:
1351:"NCP will welcome BJP's decision to merge India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, says Maharashtra minister"
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272:) have stated that the malaise and sectarian violence within South Asia is a consequence of the
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1398:"75 years after Partition, 44% of Indians would back reunification with Pakistan, finds survey"
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in order to start a campaign for Indian reunification among the Muslim community of Pakistan.
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1982:
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185:, on the other hand, campaigned for a separate country, Pakistan, and their demand for the
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822:, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University/Shodhganga, pp. 207–211, 257–258
136:; the president of the All India Azad Muslim Conference and Chief Minister of Sind,
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1977:
1972:
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406:, suggested that undoing the partition is a necessity because it would resolve the
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An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century
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Are one. Yet they are two different entities, each one with its own personality
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That such plots continue to be discovered is indicated in an editorial in the
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Lambert, Richard D. (1959). "Factors in Bengali Regionalism in Pakistan".
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1546:"Prophecy & the Jihad in the Indian Subcontinent - by Husain Haqqani"
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402:, a Pakistani political activist and founder of the Marxist organization
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336:, has also championed Indian Reunification and presented the idea at the
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Christians and Muslims in the Commonwealth: A Dynamic Role in the Future
16:
Concept of the potential reunification of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
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703:(2 ed.), New Haven and London: Yale University Press, p. 1,
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in July 2017 and issued a statement calling for Indian Reunification:
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national prejudices of one country against the other are overcome.
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Crisis in the Indian Subcontinent, Partition: Can it be Undone?
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Na, Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im; Naʻīm, ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad (2009).
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59:
1061:"Mission Statement of the Indian Reunification Association"
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Centre for Voting Opinion & Trends in Election Research
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would result of the entrenchment of British colonial rule.
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Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2012).
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Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace
1221:"Can Partition be Undone? – An Interview with Lal Khan"
1116:"India And Pakistan Must Reunite For Their Mutual Good"
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and the consequent German Reunification as an example.
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The Spy Chronicles: RAW, ISI and the Illusion of Peace
268:) and Rajendra Singh (Professor of Linguistics at the
1036:; Manzoor Ahmad; Rajendra Singh (December 16, 1992).
790:"Why Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India?"
762:"Partition of India and Patriotism of Indian Muslims"
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The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan
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A Western Journalist on India: The Ferengi's Columns
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Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies
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2364:Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy Inspiration: Aman Ki Aasha tour
1202:"Indian review of 'Partition - can it be undone?'"
958:(4). American Institute of Pacific Relations: 56.
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505:According to Gallup Pakistan (not affiliated with
332:Pakistani historian Nasim Yousaf, the grandson of
2460:List of High Commissioners of India to Bangladesh
1527:"A poet-PMs get-well-soon letter to Mehdi Hassan"
447:would serve as the capital city of united India.
430:, the former director-general of both Pakistan's
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1715:Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline
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1372:"At Oxford, a stereotype on Partition is busted"
1268:"Pune Muslim Clerics Support RSS' Akhand Bharat"
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1158:. New York Conference on Asian Studies (NYSCAS).
1910:Inter-Services Intelligence activities in India
1249:. The Struggle Publications. pp. 127, 128.
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1219:Khan, Lal; Ghosh, Paramita (24 October 2007).
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1156:"Pakistan and India: The Case for Unification"
993:O'Mahony, Anthony; Siddiqui, Ataullah (2001).
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283:future in the India that preceded partition."
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2003:1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown
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1335:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1416:"Opinion Poll — General Political Opinions"
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545:A group of 200 Islamic clerics gathered in
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1128:
1050:
2823:Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War
2450:High Commissioners of Bangladesh to India
1752:Mahavir/Sadqi International Parade Ground
1218:
1104:
1067:
1038:"Time to Undo Damage of Indian Partition"
888:
772:
650:
538:in 1947. Ram Madhav, a spokesman for the
58:refers to the potential reunification of
2790:High Commission of Bangladesh, Islamabad
2325:Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
1780:Indian Armed Forces in Jammu and Kashmir
1524:
1496:
1433:
1408:
1235:
1199:
862:(1971). "Review: War in the Himalayas".
804:
290:
226:, possibly in an attempt to lambast it.
85:
27:
1635:High Commissioners of India to Pakistan
1543:
949:
852:
727:
195:, for example, had wished to settle in
3685:
2919:Category:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations
2337:Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
1817:Custodian for Enemy Property for India
1640:High Commission of Pakistan, New Delhi
1395:
1291:
1289:
1200:Samaddar, Ranabir (27 February 2008).
1179:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 29.
1153:
787:
753:
634:
252:(Professor of Comparative Religion at
2932:
2734:
2394:
2320:India and weapons of mass destruction
2093:2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
2008:Beheading of Bhausaheb Maruti Talekar
1579:
1525:Kulkarni, Sudheendra (15 June 2012).
1092:from the original on 10 November 2013
909:
813:
393:The Partition of the Country Must Go.
286:
2828:Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh
2228:Transport between India and Pakistan
1931:Indo-Pakistani water dispute of 1948
1244:
832:
695:
616:"Reunification of India a necessity"
338:New York Conference on Asian Studies
100:Opposition to the partition of India
2721:Category:Bangladesh–India relations
2512:2011 Bangladesh coup d'état attempt
1740:India–Pakistan maritime trespassing
1421:. Gallup Pakistan. 12 November 2021
1286:
759:
513:
478:In 2022, a survey published by the
13:
2517:2021 Bangladesh anti-Modi protests
2083:2016 Indian Line of Control strike
1785:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
1396:Narang, Gaurvi (October 4, 2022).
816:"Madani and Composite Nationalism"
43:, along with the land that became
14:
3729:
2897:Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh
2850:Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh
2381:Category:India–Pakistan relations
2310:Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project
2103:2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes
1834:Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
1735:Indo-Pak Joint Judicial Committee
1559:
1544:Haqqani, Husain (27 March 2015).
1449:. Gallup Pakistan. 14 August 2016
233:and resources would entitle it."
2914:
2913:
2772:
2762:
2716:
2715:
2699:Indo-Bangladesh joint production
2432:
2422:
2376:
2375:
2342:Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts
2063:2014 Wagah border suicide attack
1710:Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement
1617:
1607:
1154:Yousaf, Nasim (9 October 2009).
788:Yousaf, Nasim (31 August 2018).
470:In 2018, a public debate at the
130:All India Azad Muslim Conference
108:was partitioned into the modern
2958:
2560:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
2455:High Commission of India, Dhaka
2330:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
2305:Pakistani textbooks controversy
2023:2007 Samjhauta Express bombings
1878:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
1797:Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
1490:
1369:
1363:
1343:
1193:
1063:. Indica News. 7 February 2019.
264:), Manzoor Ahmad (Professor at
162:Composite Nationalism and Islam
49:People's Republic of Bangladesh
2481:Withdrawal of Feni River Water
1953:1971 Indian Airlines hijacking
1270:. 21 July 2017. Archived from
826:
721:
604:
438:, envisioned in 2018 a future
357:, who wrote in the same vein:
174:view of Madani, support for a
134:opposed the partition of India
1:
3718:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations
3217:Eastern and Southeastern Asia
2769:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations
2013:2001 Indian Parliament attack
920:University of Minnesota Press
814:Syeda, Lubna Shireen (2014),
598:
81:
62:(the Republic of India) with
2677:Illegal immigration to India
2290:Indo-Pakistani Confederation
2201:Illegal immigration to India
2160:Attari–Wagah border ceremony
1926:1947 Amritsar train massacre
1671:Evacuee Trust Property Board
450:The Mumbai President of the
440:Indo-Pakistani Confederation
244:
45:Islamic Republic of Pakistan
7:
2347:New Concept of War Fighting
2088:2016–2018 border skirmishes
2053:2014–2015 border skirmishes
1839:Islamabad–New Delhi hotline
760:Ali, Afsar (17 July 2017).
730:Islam and the Secular State
635:Fisher, Michael H. (2018),
576:
540:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
432:Inter-Services Intelligence
167:Maulana Husain Ahmad Madani
138:Shadeed Allah Bakhsh Soomro
10:
3734:
3713:Bangladesh–India relations
3290:Central and Eastern Europe
2833:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2555:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2429:Bangladesh–India relations
2058:2014 India–Pakistan floods
1998:1992 India–Pakistan floods
1968:Indian Airlines Flight 423
1829:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
1807:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
1725:Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline
1683:Permanent Indus Commission
1497:Indurthy, Rathnam (2019).
1472:. Routledge. p. 385.
1082:"The truth about Pakistan"
874:Cambridge University Press
643:Cambridge University Press
641:, Cambridge and New York:
452:Nationalist Congress Party
312:, Kashmiri Indian thinker
260:(Professor of Divinity at
97:
18:
3703:Proposed political unions
3652:Border changes since 1914
3644:
3618:
3534:
3511:
3448:
3364:
3289:
3216:
3180:
3088:
3062:
2997:
2966:
2910:
2879:
2863:
2810:Bangladesh Liberation War
2808:
2782:
2712:
2637:
2604:
2568:
2550:Bangladesh Liberation War
2542:
2494:
2468:
2442:
2372:
2253:Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus
2138:
1918:
1824:Bangladesh Liberation War
1802:Insurgency in Balochistan
1760:
1648:
1627:
1444:"Independence Day Report"
1206:Marxists Internet Archive
3708:India–Pakistan relations
3327:unification with Moldova
3010:Turks and Caicos Islands
2818:1971 Bangladesh genocide
1898:2016–2017 Kashmir unrest
1661:Jinnah–Mountbatten talks
1614:India–Pakistan relations
1501:. Taylor & Francis.
1470:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
734:Harvard University Press
465:
327:Indian Rebellion of 1857
298:, former Justice of the
239:
126:Indian National Congress
19:Not to be confused with
3377:unification with Kosovo
2196:Anti-Pakistan sentiment
1948:1959 Canberra shootdown
1936:Sino-Pakistan Agreement
355:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
183:All-India Muslim League
3586:Greater Germanic Reich
3384:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2596:Ganges Barrage Project
2586:Joint River Commission
2486:BCIM Economic Corridor
2300:Hindi–Urdu controversy
2130:2023 border skirmishes
2098:2019 Balakot airstrike
2048:2013 border skirmishes
2038:2011 border skirmishes
2033:2008 military standoff
1792:Annexation of Junagadh
792:. Global Village Space
556:
417:
397:
364:
303:
300:Supreme Court of India
270:Université de Montréal
95:
52:
39:, included the modern
3693:National unifications
3574:Annexation of Austria
2845:Admiral Ahsan Mission
2672:East Bengali refugees
2206:East Bengali refugees
2191:Anti-Indian sentiment
2125:2022 missile incident
2073:2016 Pathankot attack
1941:Trans-Karakoram Tract
997:. The Altajir Trust.
910:Burke, S. M. (1974).
833:Keen, Shirin (1998).
652:10.1017/9781316276044
551:
436:Military Intelligence
412:
384:
359:
340:on 9 October 2009 at
294:
118:composite nationalism
89:
31:
3234:annexation of Taiwan
2902:Indian reunification
2892:Bengalis in Pakistan
2704:Indian reunification
2591:Rampal Power Station
2581:Ganges water dispute
2507:2001 border conflict
2285:Indian reunification
2243:Poonch-Rawalakot Bus
2115:2020–2021 skirmishes
1983:Operation Brasstacks
1690:Tashkent Declaration
1548:. Hudson Institute.
865:Modern Asian Studies
835:"Partition of India"
524:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
472:Oxford Union Society
460:German reunification
266:Concordia University
114:Dominion of Pakistan
56:Indian reunification
35:in 1947, before the
2186:Pakistanis in India
2181:Indians in Pakistan
2120:2021 Lahore bombing
2028:2008 Mumbai attacks
1893:2010 Kashmir unrest
1888:2008 Kashmir unrest
1812:Operation Gibraltar
1678:Indus Waters Treaty
1359:. 23 November 2020.
1121:The Huffington Post
614:(August 21, 2019).
583:Madani–Iqbal debate
569:The Islamist group
564:Ajmer Sharif Dargah
426:Lieutenant General
205:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
181:The pro-separatist
122:Indian subcontinent
3118:Western Azerbaijan
3052:Dominican Republic
2687:Greater Bangladesh
2660:Tin Bigha Corridor
2655:Dahagram–Angarpota
2543:Military relations
2502:Farakka Long March
2238:Jammu–Sialkot line
2174:Kartarpur Corridor
2018:2001–2002 standoff
1903:2019–2021 lockdown
1770:Partition of India
1720:Lahore Declaration
1666:Liaquat–Nehru Pact
1531:The Indian Express
1274:on 5 December 2019
1245:Khan, Lal (2005).
1043:The New York Times
952:Far Eastern Survey
378:French journalist
342:Cornell University
323:East India Company
304:
287:Political thinkers
279:The New York Times
274:partition of India
262:Harvard University
187:partition of India
154:Hindu-Muslim unity
96:
53:
3680:
3679:
3647:Related concepts:
2926:
2925:
2728:
2727:
2388:
2387:
2315:Nuclear arms race
2248:Samjhauta Express
2068:Kulbhushan Jadhav
1963:Samba spy scandal
1656:Karachi Agreement
1322:978-93-5277-926-0
1114:(10 April 2017).
1004:978-1-901435-08-5
766:The Milli Gazette
743:978-0-674-03376-4
710:978-0-300-23032-1
662:978-1-107-11162-2
588:Two-nation theory
254:McGill University
176:two-nation theory
128:, as well as the
110:Dominion of India
41:Republic of India
3725:
3631:Papua New Guinea
2953:
2946:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2838:Prisoners of war
2783:Diplomatic posts
2777:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2718:
2443:Diplomatic posts
2437:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2379:
2378:
2233:Delhi–Lahore Bus
2211:Sports rivalries
2165:Ganda Singh Wala
1978:Pan Am Flight 73
1973:Ravindra Kaushik
1863:Siachen conflict
1775:Kashmir conflict
1628:Diplomatic posts
1622:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1554:
1553:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1326:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1173:François Gautier
1169:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1126:
1125:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1080:(2 March 2013).
1074:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1026:
1013:
1012:
990:
984:
983:
947:
938:
937:
926:–59, 66–67, 73.
917:
907:
886:
885:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
839:Emory University
830:
824:
823:
811:
802:
801:
799:
797:
785:
770:
769:
757:
751:
750:
725:
719:
718:
693:
687:
686:
654:
632:
626:
625:
608:
562:, when visiting
514:Religious groups
408:Kashmir conflict
380:François Gautier
142:Khaksar Movement
3733:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3698:Pan-nationalism
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3640:
3614:
3530:
3512:Northern Europe
3507:
3481:Italian Grisons
3444:
3411:North Macedonia
3365:Southern Europe
3360:
3285:
3212:
3176:
3084:
3058:
2993:
2962:
2957:
2927:
2922:
2906:
2875:
2859:
2855:Delhi Agreement
2804:
2778:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2729:
2724:
2708:
2633:
2619:Maitree Express
2614:Bandhan Express
2600:
2576:Farakka Barrage
2564:
2538:
2522:Border killings
2490:
2464:
2438:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2389:
2384:
2368:
2134:
2078:2016 Uri attack
2043:Khaleel Chishty
1914:
1868:Operation Tupac
1849:Line of Control
1756:
1700:Delhi Agreement
1695:Simla Agreement
1644:
1623:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1562:
1557:
1542:
1538:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1495:
1491:
1480:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1394:
1385:
1368:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1315:. p. 223.
1294:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1243:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1223:. Radical Notes
1217:
1213:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1170:
1163:
1152:
1129:
1112:Markandey Katju
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1078:Markandey Katju
1075:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1027:
1016:
1005:
991:
987:
964:10.2307/3024111
948:
941:
934:
908:
889:
857:
853:
843:
841:
831:
827:
812:
805:
795:
793:
786:
773:
758:
754:
744:
736:. p. 156.
726:
722:
711:
694:
690:
663:
633:
629:
612:Markandey Katju
609:
605:
601:
579:
571:Lashkar-e-Taiba
519:Kingsley Martin
516:
468:
419:Educationalist
334:Allama Mashriqi
314:Markandey Katju
296:Markandey Katju
289:
247:
242:
171:divide and rule
146:Allama Mashriqi
102:
84:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3731:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3678:
3677:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3535:Western Europe
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3302:Czechoslovakia
3299:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2682:Assam Movement
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2624:Mitali Express
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2275:Aaghaz-e-Dosti
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2162:
2157:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2108:Media coverage
2105:
2100:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:Sarabjit Singh
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
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73:
70:, which were
69:
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50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
21:Akhand Bharat
3656:Partitionism
3650:
3649:
3646:
3203:Pashtunistan
3089:Western Asia
3022:Saint Martin
2989:South Africa
2912:
2901:
2714:
2703:
2374:
2356:
2284:
2280:Aman ki Asha
2270:Jinnah House
2258:Thar Express
2221:Field hockey
2169:Hussainiwala
1549:
1539:
1520:
1512:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1469:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1423:. Retrieved
1410:
1401:
1375:
1365:
1354:
1345:
1308:
1305:Asad Durrani
1301:Aditya Sinha
1276:. Retrieved
1272:the original
1246:
1225:. Retrieved
1214:
1195:
1176:
1119:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1041:
1008:
994:
988:
978:Morning News
977:
975:
955:
951:
913:
869:
863:
854:
842:. Retrieved
828:
819:
794:. Retrieved
755:
747:
729:
723:
714:
700:
697:Khan, Yasmin
691:
682:
637:
630:
619:
606:
568:
560:Mehdi Hassan
557:
552:
544:
517:
504:
477:
469:
449:
428:Asad Durrani
425:
418:
413:
404:The Struggle
398:
392:
388:
385:
382:wrote that:
377:
365:
360:
350:Soviet Union
348:between the
346:buffer state
331:
307:
305:
277:
248:
235:
228:
224:Awami League
220:Morning News
219:
217:
211:
209:
201:
191:
180:
160:
158:
149:
103:
55:
54:
25:
3668:Revisionism
3610:Switzerland
3605:Netherlands
3266:Philippines
3165:Pan-Turkism
2960:Irredentism
2665:Border Haat
2629:Maitri Setu
2569:Initiatives
1730:Agra Summit
1370:Roy, Amit.
1297:A. S. Dulat
922:. pp.
492:Maharashtra
486:(including
456:Nawab Malik
373:Berlin Wall
325:during the
72:partitioned
3687:Categories
3672:Rump state
3664:Revanchism
3591:Lebensraum
3440:Yugoslavia
3208:Tamil Nadu
3188:Bangladesh
3113:Azerbaijan
2974:Mauritania
2534:Bangabhumi
2352:Cold Start
1873:Kargil War
1278:9 February
1096:29 January
1086:The Nation
1034:Harvey Cox
844:9 February
796:24 January
671:2018021693
599:References
369:Hindustani
309:The Nation
258:Harvey Cox
82:Background
68:Bangladesh
3626:Australia
3241:Indonesia
3130:Kurdistan
3070:Argentina
3037:Greenland
2864:Incidents
2606:Transport
2495:Incidents
2469:Diplomacy
2358:Foodistan
2263:Sind Mail
1919:Incidents
1762:Conflicts
1745:Sir Creek
1649:Diplomacy
1453:2 October
1425:17 August
1356:Scroll.in
1331:cite book
699:(2017) ,
679:134229667
621:Firstpost
536:partition
496:Rajasthan
245:Academics
104:In 1947,
78:in 1947.
37:partition
3557:Wallonia
3471:Dalmatia
3389:Bulgaria
3351:Slovenia
3271:Thailand
3261:Mongolia
3256:Malaysia
3224:Cambodia
3080:Colombia
2650:Enclaves
1485:unitary.
1402:ThePrint
1307:(2018).
1175:(2001).
1090:Archived
577:See also
400:Lal Khan
197:Noakhali
112:and the
64:Pakistan
3619:Oceania
3600:Ireland
3569:Austria
3564:Germany
3547:Celtics
3542:Belgium
3524:Karelia
3519:Finland
3466:Corsica
3433:Galicia
3394:Croatia
3372:Albania
3356:Ukraine
3344:Ukraine
3322:Romania
3312:Moldova
3307:Hungary
3297:Belarus
3281:Vietnam
3108:Assyria
3101:Artsakh
3096:Armenia
2984:Somalia
2979:Morocco
2880:Related
2638:Related
2216:Cricket
2139:Related
1227:29 June
972:3024111
876:: 397.
488:Gujarat
321:of the
212:Parbhat
144:leader
120:in the
90:Map of
3552:France
3501:Ticino
3476:Istria
3421:Kosovo
3416:Serbia
3404:Enosis
3399:Greece
3339:Crimea
3334:Russia
3317:Poland
3160:Cyprus
3155:Turkey
3145:Israel
3125:Cyprus
3042:Mexico
3032:Canada
3017:Mexico
3005:Canada
2967:Africa
2645:Border
2155:Attari
2146:Border
1854:NJ9842
1505:
1476:
1319:
1183:
1001:
970:
930:
882:312054
880:
740:
707:
677:
669:
659:
507:Gallup
124:. The
94:(1909)
3636:Samoa
3496:Savoy
3486:Malta
3461:Corfu
3456:Italy
3449:Italy
3428:Spain
3276:Timor
3251:Korea
3246:Japan
3229:China
3198:Nepal
3193:India
3172:Yemen
3150:Syria
3075:Chile
2151:Wagah
1447:(PDF)
1419:(PDF)
968:JSTOR
878:JSTOR
872:(4).
675:S2CID
528:Hindu
466:Polls
445:Delhi
240:Views
74:from
60:India
33:India
3491:Nice
3140:Iraq
3135:Iran
3047:Cuba
1844:POWs
1503:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1455:2022
1427:2022
1337:link
1317:ISBN
1280:2019
1229:2020
1181:ISBN
1098:2019
999:ISBN
928:ISBN
846:2019
798:2019
738:ISBN
705:ISBN
667:LCCN
657:ISBN
547:Pune
526:, a
498:and
434:and
319:rule
306:In
66:and
47:and
960:doi
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