Individual involvement in the Chernobyl disaster

349:), they did not have the strength to open the valves on the sides. Akimov and Toptunov spent half an hour turning the valves; the radioactive water in room 714/2 was half submerging the pipeline. Viktor Smagin went in to open the third valves, spent 20 minutes in the room, and received 3 grays. By 7:45 the group made their way back to the control room of unit 4, here Akimov apologised exclaiming that they were unable to fully restart feedwater flow; before running to vomit into a bin. Though he tried his best to explain the work to the next shift, he was unable to stop vomiting and so was ordered along with Toptunov and Nekhaev to make their way to the infirmary; they were still wearing their soaking wet clothes. Akimov was evacuated to the hospital in Pripyat where he was put on an intravenous drip, his skin now a greyish brown. He along with Toptunov were selected as part of the first 28 people to be evacuated to Moscow for specialised treatment at the 6th clinic there. By April 28th, the effects of his exposure had largely subsided and he was able to talk and smoke with his colleagues. However his condition quickly worsened, his gastrointestinal system and bone marrow ravaged by the radiation, his skin now swollen and charcoal black. Interrogations proved difficult as he was unable to talk. He was selected for receiving a fetal liver cell transplant, however he passed away on the 10th May, 2 weeks after the accident due to skin and intestinal injuries. Until his death, he insisted he had done everything correctly and had made no mistakes. 855:, initially along the turbine hall. Pravik speaks to Kibenok over the radio, and requests that he redeploys his vehicles to the north side of the reactor building, as the roof of the ventilation block had begun to burn and there was a risk of the fire spreading to the roof of reactor 3, which was still operational. By 1:47 am, Kibenok's vehicles were parked underneath the VSRO building, to the rear of unit 3. Kibenok used his mechanical ladder truck to climb to the roof of the VSRO building with two firemen, and he began supervising fire extinguishing efforts on the roof of the VSRO building. 291:

unit; namely Lelechenko, whose crew had to remove hydrogen from the generator 8 electrolyzer. Dyatlov then received the report of Perevozchenko that pump operator Khodemchuk was still unaccounted for. Perevozchenko led Dyatlov and Aleksandr Yuvchenko on a brief and unsuccessful search for Khodemchuk, in corridors where the 1000 μR/s dosimeters maxed out. Also during the night, Dyatlov and Yuri Tregub went to survey the plant from the outside. Tregub recalled telling him "This is Hiroshima," to which Dyatlov replied, "Not in my nightmares have I seen anything like this." Around 5:00

73: 260:, supervised the test. At the moment the reactor power slipped to 30 MW, Dyatlov reported that he was out of the control room and inspecting equipment elsewhere in the plant. Dyatlov stated that Akimov and Toptunov were already raising power upon his return, and that if they had not done so, he would have ordered them to. In testimony at the trial, several witnesses recalled Dyatlov remaining in the room at this point, but did not report any disagreements or "serious discussions" related to the increase in power or at any other point during the test. 525:

the moment of the explosion, he suffered severe burns from steam entering the control room. Genrikh received less serious burns as he was protected by the windowless room. The stairs on the right side were damaged; he managed to escape by the stairs on the left. On the way back they were joined by Simeonov and Simonenko, the gas loop operators, all four heading to the control room. Kurguz was shortly afterwards evacuated by an ambulance; aware of dangers of radiation contamination, Genrikh took a shower and changed his clothes.

871:, Nikolai Vashchuk and Vladimir Tishura) began climbing to the roof, using the fire escape staircase on the northern face of unit 3. The squad reached the roof at 2:00 am, and Pravik determined the fires on the roof of the ventilation block needed to be extinguished in order to protect reactor 3. At 2:05 am, Pravik reported over the radio: "Explosion in the reactor compartment of the fourth block", presumably after looking into the reactor hall from the roof of the vent block. 541:; he described the event as a shock wave that buckled walls, blew doors in, and brought a cloud of milky grey radioactive dust and steam. The lights went out. He met a badly burned, drenched and shocked Viktor Degtyarenko, who asked him to rescue Khodemchuk; that quickly proved impossible as that part of the building did not exist anymore. Yuvchenko, together with the foreman Yuri Tregub, ran out of the building and saw half of the building gone and the reactor emitting a blue 687: 8, down to level 0 and urged the two men from the Kharkov mobile laboratory, assigned to record the turbine 8 vibrations, to leave; they, however, had both already received a lethal radiation dose. Akimov asked Palamarchuk to look for Gorbachenko and then rescue Shashenok as the communication with the dosimetry room was cut. Palamarchuk met Gorbachenko by the staircase on level +27, then they together found and recovered Shashenok's unconscious body. 325:, the power began to increase dramatically. At ~1:23:30 a.m., Toptunov asked Akimov whether he should shutdown the reactor for the planned maintenance. Akimov showed a gesture to Toptunov to press AZ-5. AZ-5 button was pressed by Toptunov at 1:23:39. A second later, at 1:23:40 the SKALA computer registered the command. Then, Akimov and many others heard a sound described as a Volga car failing to start up followed by two explosions. The room went black. 4537: 590: 363: 4551: 882:. Vladimir Tishura collapsed first, vomiting uncontrollably, shortly followed by Nikolai Titenok. Vasily Ignatenko and Kibenok assisted them down from the roof of unit 3. When they reached the fire escape staircase, they were met by Ivan Shavrey and Aleksandr Petrovsky as well as Anatoly Ivanchenko, who were already on their way up to reinforce Pravik's squad. Shavrey ordered Ivanchenko to help the weakened men down to the ground. 1515:, coordinated firefighting deployments on the north side of the reactor building. Climbed to the roof of unit 3 at 2:05 am after Pravik reported over the radio that there had been an explosion in the reactor compartment. He received a fatal dose of radiation (900–1100 REM) whilst assisting and coordinating firefighting efforts on the roofs of the ventilation block and reactor 3. Died two weeks later. Posthumously became a 32: 278:

his only mistaken command from that night. After witnessing the fallen roof, fires and spilling oil in the Turbine Hall, Dyatlov ordered Akimov to call the fire brigade. In the corridor, he met Genrikh and Kurguz and sent them to the medical station. Realizing the magnitude of the disaster, Dyatlov suspended coolant supply to the reactor, although pumping of water would be resumed by order of Chief Engineer

225:. The accident occurred during an intended safety test for Reactor Number 4; the conditions of the test accidentally triggered the power to drop, and then surge. This caused an explosion and destroyed most of the reactor building due to operator error and reactor design flaws. The explosion spread debris and radioactive material across the surrounding area, and over the following days and weeks, most of 135: 754: 2387:. Assisted in fire extinguishing efforts on the roof of the ventilation block and successfully prevented the fire from spreading to reactor 3. He was the second fireman in his squad to collapse and had to be assisted down from the roof in his weakened state. He died two weeks later in Moscow Hospital No.6 after receiving an estimated 1300–1500 REM dose. He was the last fireman to die from 848:. He entered the unit 4 transport corridor and spoke with a plant worker, who suggested the roof of the turbine hall was on fire. Pravik ordered his men to move to the turbine hall and begin tackling the fire there. Pravik continued into the plant. He entered the turbine hall and asked the workers there if there is anything to be done, they say no, that the fires there are under control. 1387:. He was the first man from his squad to reach the roof of reactor 3. Assisted in fire extinguishing efforts on the roof of the ventilation block and successfully prevented the fire from spreading to reactor 3. He carried two of his comrades down from the roof, despite being weakened by the radiation himself. Received a 1240–1440 REM dose. Died in Moscow Hospital No.6 17 days later. 269:

rods dropped into the core, the graphite displacers that made up the last few meters of the rods introduced additional moderation and hence reactivity into the reactor system. The first shocks occurred as the control rods were falling, and the subsequent damage prevented their further insertion into the reactor. Dyatlov's first concern after the explosion was that an accident in the

329:

Davletbayev, and Palamarchuk ran into the turbine hall, having seen scattered debris and multiple fires on levels 0 and +12. Akimov called the fire station and the chiefs of electrical and other departments, asking for electrical power for coolant pumps, removal of hydrogen from the generators, and other emergency procedures to stabilize the plant and contain the damage.

2510:. Assisted in fire extinguishing efforts on the roof of the ventilation block and successfully prevented the fire from spreading to reactor 3. He notably ran hose lines to and from the roof multiple times. He received an estimated 1220–1420 REM dose and died two weeks later in Moscow Hospital No.6. He was posthumously named a 875:

water from the hoses evaporated before making contact with the graphite blocks, which were burning at hundreds of degrees Celsius, so they began attempting to stomp out the glowing blocks instead. At this point, the bitumen covering on the roof had begun to melt, making it difficult to move around, as it stuck to their boots.

3070:

Previous reports had said Khodemchuk, identified May 14 by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev as one of the two men killed in the initial blast and fire, had died from falling debris. Pravda said Friday that, 'Valery was never found. The fourth unit became his grave and maybe some day it will be written

874:

After hearing this radio report, Viktor Kibenok climbed to the roof of the ventilation block, possibly out of curiosity—a decision that would ultimately cost him his life. The firefighters on the roof soon discover their hoses are ineffective against the burning pieces of superheated graphite, as the

497:

in his instrument room just before the explosion, which then demolished the room itself. The landing was found damaged, covered with ankle-deep water, and there were leaks of boiling water and radioactive steam. Shashenok was found unconscious in room 604, pinned under a fallen beam, with bloody

812:

Nikolai Fomin was the chief engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant at the time of the disaster in 1986. He arrived at the control room of reactor 4 at 4:30 a.m., about three hours after the initial explosion. He ordered the operators to keep pumping water into the reactor core, hoping to cool

695:

Kudryavtsev and Proskuryakov, the SIUR trainees from other shifts, were present to watch Toptunov. After the explosion they were sent by Dyatlov to the central hall to turn the handles of the system for manual lowering of the presumably seized control rods. They ran through the de-aerator gallery to

675:

Brazhnik, the senior turbine machinist operator, ran into the control room to report fire in the turbine hall. Palamarchuk, the Chernobyl enterprise group supervisor, together with Davletbayev, followed him back to the turbine room. They witnessed fires on levels 0 and +12, broken oil and water

273:

immediately above the control room could result in boiling water raining down from the ceiling. He ordered everyone to evacuate to the backup control room, but no other operators left the room and Dyatlov soon countermanded his instructions. Other plant workers arrived in the control room, reporting

268:

to shut down the reactor upon completion of the test, and in accordance with maintenance which had already been scheduled for the weekend of April 26–27. Approximately three seconds after the initiation of the scram, the reactor underwent a power excursion, rising to 520 MW (thermal). As the control

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fire station. Wasn't on duty at the time of explosion and was drinking with his colleagues in Pripyat. Was called to respond at 2:30 am, he arrived close to 3:00 am and was apparently under the influence. He relieved firefighters and took over command on the roof of the turbine hall. He remained on

1658:

Scalded by radioactive steam entering his control room; his colleague, Oleg Genrikh, in a room close by was spared the worst and they made their way to hospital. Unfortunately on top of the thermal burns he suffered, he had received a fatal dose of 670 rad and died 16 days later in Moscow hospital.

885:

By 2:40 am, the squad of six men were taken to Sanitary Unit No.126 in Pripyat by ambulance. Kibenok had an unusually positive outlook on the whole situation, reportedly stating to Pravik that it was: "one of the best nights of his life". Even during their initial hospitalization at Moscow Hospital

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shutdown. Another flat thud followed, accompanied by lights going out, the control panel of unit 4 losing signal, latched double doors being blown apart by the blast, and black and red powder falling from the ventilation; emergency lights then switched on. Telephone connection with unit 4

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a.m., already feeling ill, Dyatlov made a brief report to Bryukhanov in the Civil Defense Bunker, showing him the final printouts of reactor parameters leading up to the explosion. Dyatlov did not report the destruction of the reactor, but speculated that the accident was due to some malfunction of

277:

Dyatlov went to the backup control room, pressing the AZ-5 button there and disconnecting power to the control rod servodrives. He ordered Kudryavtsev and Proskuryakov to lower the jammed control rods by hand (rubble initially prevented them from carrying out these orders), which Dyatlov recalls as

2437:

In the control room at the reactor control panel at the moment of explosion having been the person who pressed A3-5. Dismissed by Dyatlov but returned to his post and along with Akimov, Nekhave, Uskov and Orlov ventured to room 714/2 where he received a fatal dose of 1,300 rad during attempts to

1999:

firefighters to the roof of reactor 3, as they didn't know the way. Coordinated firefighting efforts on the roof of the ventilation block, successfully preventing the spread of fire to reactor 3's roof. Likely the first person to look into the reactor core from the roof. Descended from the roof at

824:

Fomin continued to work at the plant until he was arrested on May 15, 1986. He was charged with gross violation of safety regulations and criminal negligence, along with Bryukhanov and Dyatlov. He suffered from severe psychological stress and attempted suicide twice before and during his trial. He

820:

After deputy chief engineer Anatoly Dyatlov was taken to the hospital with acute radiation sickness, Fomin, along with plant director Viktor Bryukhanov and chief engineer of reactor 3 Nikolai Parashin, sent another deputy chief engineer, Anatoly Sitnikov, to inspect the reactor building and assess

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and fuel containing radioactive rubble on level 10 to the remains of room 306 in an unsuccessful attempt to locate Khodemchuk, close to debris emitting over 10,000 roentgens per hour (90 μA/kg). He then went to the control room of Genrikh and Kurguz and found it empty; vomiting

524:

Genrikh, an operator of the control room on level +36, was taking a nap in a windowless room adjacent to the control room. The window in the control room was broken and the lights went out. His colleague Kurguz was in the control room with three open doors between him and the reactor room; at

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Dyatlov ran to the control room of Block 3 and instructed Rogozhkin to shut down reactor 3, overriding the latter's objections that Bryukhanov's permission was needed. Dyatlov then returned to control room 4 and ordered Akimov to call the daytime shift and get people to the affected

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around dawn. Dosimetrist Samoilenko reported that radiation levels in the lefthand and central sections of the control room were 500–800 μR/s (micro-Roentgen per second), while readings were off the charts (over 1000 μR/s or 3.6 Roentgen per hour) on the righthand side of the control room. Dyatlov

2024:

Firefighter from the nuclear power plant's fire station (ВПЧ-2). Among the first firemen to arrive at 1:28, assisted in fire extinguishing on the roof of the turbine hall. He picked up two uranium fuel pellets and put them in his pockets to take as souvenirs. Received an approximate 160 REM dose,

816:

Fomin was in charge of the plant staff and had to make decisions about how to deal with the emergency. He was under pressure from his superiors, who demanded that he restore power to the plant and report on the situation. He also faced conflicting information from different sources, some of which

450:

Meeting two men there, together with them he went to search for Vladimir Shashenok, found him unconscious in a damaged instrument room and carried him down. Gorbachenko returned to his post and changed clothes and shoes. He was then ordered to look for Valery Khodemchuk, but couldn't find him. He

328:

When the explosions occurred, the air filled with dust, power went out, and only battery-powered emergency lights stayed in operation. Perevozchenko ran into the control room, reporting the collapse of the reactor top. Brazhnik ran in from the turbine hall, reporting fire there. Brazhnik, Akimov,

3107:

The last official report on casualties from the Ukrainian power station was given on June 5, when Soviet officials said 26 people had died, including two killed during the initial fire and explosion. One of the victims, power plant worker Valery Khodemchuk, will be entombed with the ruined No. 4

2460:

Head of the evening (previous) shift. Decided to stay in control room and help night shift carry out the test. After the explosion went to survey the plant from the outside first with Yuvchenko and then with Dyatlov. Also ordered by Dyatlov to manually turn on the emergency high-pressure coolant

442:

The corridor to the deaerator galleries was full of steam and white dust. The radiation counters went off-scale, and the high-range one burned out when switched on; the portable instruments were capable of showing at most 4 roentgens per hour (36 nA/kg), while the radiation on the roof

332:

Internal telephone lines were disabled; Akimov sent Palamarchuk to contact Gorbachenko. Kudryavtsev and Proskuryakov returned from the reactor and reported its state to Akimov and Dyatlov. Insisting the reactor was intact, Akimov ordered Stolyarchuk and Busygin to turn on the emergency feedwater

940:

still hiding many of the details of the catastrophe. It had previously been reported that all three had died and been buried in "tightly sealed zinc coffins". Ananenko and Bespalov received their awards in person, while Baranov, who died in 2005 of a heart attack, was awarded his posthumously.

714:

Bryukhanov, the plant manager, arrived at 2:30 a.m. Akimov reported a serious radiation accident but intact reactor, fires in the process of being extinguished, and a second emergency water pump being readied to cool the reactor. Due to limitations of available instruments, they seriously

336:

At 3:30 a.m., Telyatnikov contacted Akimov, asking what was happening to his firemen; Akimov sent him a dosimetrist. Akimov, already nauseated, was replaced at 6 a.m., by the unit chief Vladimir Alekseyevich Babychev. Despite this, Akimov, together with Toptunov, stayed in the plant.

505:

hospital under care of the chief physician, Vitaly Leonenko, without regaining consciousness. Gorbachenko suffered a radiation burn on his back where Shashenok's hand was located when he helped carry him out. Khodemchuk and Shashenok were the first two victims of the disaster. A report by the

548:

The four climbed a stairwell to level 35 to survey the damage; Yuvchenko held open the massive door into the reactor room and the other three proceeded in to locate the control rod mechanism; after no more than a minute in the hallway near the entrance to the reactor hall, all three had

340:

Together with Nekhayev, Orlov, and Uskov, they opened the valves on the two feedwater lines, then climbed over to level +27 and, almost knee-deep in a mixture of fuel and water, opened two valves on the 300 line. Due to advancing radiation poisoning caused by a dose of over

465:

Khodemchuk, the night shift main circulating pump operator, was likely killed immediately; he was stationed in the collapsed part of the building, in the far end of the southern main circulating pumps engine room at level +10. His body was never recovered and is entombed in the

1704:

electrical shop shift leader; at the central control room with Kukhar; at the moment of explosion just arrived to the block 4 control room; to spare his younger colleagues radiation exposure he himself went through radioactive water and debris three times to switch off the

283:

ordered Akimov to send Toptunov and Kirschenbaum (everyone but Stolyarchuk and Akimov) to the Unit 3 control room because they were of no further use, but Toptunov ultimately returned to the control room to retrieve the operator's log and remained on duty at Unit 4. Around 3:00

482:—the Chernobyl startup and adjustment enterprise—was supposed to be in room 604, the location of the measurement and control instruments, on the upper landing across the turbine room, on level +24, under the reactor feedwater unit; he was reporting the states of the 1820:

Morning shift, helped Akimov and Toptunov opening the valves to feed water to the reactor through steam separator drums and main circulation pumps in room 714/2, received ARS of the 3rd degree having accumulated almost 700 rad. Had both legs amputated and survived treatment.

1483:

Stationed in the northern main circulating pumps engine room, likely killed immediately; body never found, likely buried under the wreckage of the steam separator drums; has a memorial plaque on the west side of the phase 2 ventilation building; posthumously awarded the

2671:

Fire engine driver from the nuclear power plant's fire station (ВПЧ-2). Among the first firemen to arrive at 1:28 am. Ensured a consistent supply of water to the roof of the turbine hall. Stayed on site until 3:00 am. Received an estimated 200 REM dose. Alive as of 2022.

2138:

Mobile laboratory in a vehicle at turbine 8; first person selected for transportation to Moscow (case number 1). Suffered ARS of the 4th degree after receiving 770 rad. Received a bone marrow transplant but died 25 days after exposure in hospital; buried in

1077:

block shift leader; in charge of preparation of the test, would supervise it according to the original schedule, asked his colleagues to cancel it due to the state of the reactor. Went home for the night, was called on-site to assist with post-accident situation.

2613:

squad. Placed on fire watch on the roof of the ventilation block with Aleksandr Petrovsky, however descended after a few minutes after Petrovksy reportedly went temporarily blind. Received an approximate 220 REM dose. Passed away from complications stemming from

516:, claimed that Shashenok was buried two days later at a village near Chernobyl. His wife Lyudmilla had been evacuated before the burial and was not there. A year later he was exhumed and re-buried beside his 29 fellow workers at Moscow's Mitinskoe Cemetery. 913:, navigated through a series of underground corridors located beneath the fourth reactor building, which had become flooded by firefighting and coolant water in the days prior, to locate and open two release valves to drain the water. Each engineer wore two 545:. They returned to the building and met Valeri Perevozchenko and two junior technicians, Kudryavtsev and Proskuryakov, ordered by Dyatlov to manually lower the presumably seized control rods. Tregub went to report the extent of damage to the control room. 813:

it down and prevent a meltdown. However, this was futile, as the reactor had been destroyed and the water pipes had been severed. The water only flooded the lower levels of the plant, spreading radioactive contamination and causing electrical failures.

2608:

Firefighter from the nuclear power plant's fire station (ВПЧ-2). Among the first firemen to arrive at 1:28 AM, assisted in fire extinguishing efforts on the roof of the turbine hall. Later moved to the north side of the plant at 2:20 am to reinforce

2233:

Part of the day shift, suffered ARS of the 3rd degree and died 34 days after the accident in Moscow. Received fatal dose of 530 rad while surveying damage to the plant and assisting with restarting coolant flow in room 714/2 to the reactor C

1942:

Firefighter from the nuclear power plant's fire station (ВПЧ-2). Among the first firemen to arrive at 1:28, assisted in fire extinguishing efforts on the roof of the turbine hall. Later moved to the north side of the plant at 2:20 am to reinforce

333:

pumps. Davletbayev reported loss of electrical power, torn cables, and electric arcs. Akimov sent Metlenko to help in the turbine hall with manual opening of the cooling system valves, which was expected to take at least four hours per valve.

843:

Pravik commanded the first firefighters to arrive on scene at 1:28 AM. He arrived on the north side of the reactor building, and upon seeing the destroyed power unit, called for a stage 3 alarm, summoning all available fire departments in the

650:

Perevozchenko, the reactor section foreman, was in the company of Alexander Yuvchenko shortly before the explosion. While both men were returning from Unit 3, Perevozchenko was called to the Unit 4 control room, arriving shortly after the

2097:

Face scalded by steam. Found by Yuvchenko and assisted in searching for Khodemchuk before receiving medical attention. Was in the first convoy transporting the worst 26 affected, suffered ARS of the 2nd degree having received 540 rad.

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reactor because his body was never recovered, the Communist Party daily Pravda reported on May 23. The newspaper reported that another man, Vladimir Shashenok, had been killed instantly and buried at a village near the power station.

699:

They met Perevozchenko and Yuvchenko, then went through a narrow corridor towards the central hall. Proskuryakov shone a flashlight around the corner into the reactor hall, which later resulted in severe burns appearing on his hand.

2051:; suffered 100 percent radiation burns, most severely to his hands while shining a flashlight into the reactor hall. Taken with the second convoy to Moscow; case 62 and placed in the 4th degree of ARS having received 720 rad. 825:

was found guilty and sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp, but he was released early due to his poor health and mental condition. He spent some time in a psychiatric hospital and later worked at Kalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant.

2347:. Assisted in fire extinguishing efforts on the roof of the ventilation block and successfully prevented the fire from spreading to reactor 3. He was the first to collapse and had to be assisted down from the roof by his comrade 451:

went to the control room and with Anatoly Dyatlov went outside to survey the reactor building. At 5 a.m., he began feeling weak and vomiting and was transported to a hospital, from where he was released on 27 October.

1799:; supposed to monitor the slowdown rate of the spinning down turbo generator, and its electrical characteristics, worked together with Kirschenbaum; after the explosion sent to help in the turbine hall but sent back from there 696:

the right to the VRSO unit elevator, found it destroyed, so climbed up the staircase instead, towards level 36; they missed Kurguz and Genrikh, who used another stairwell. Level 36 was destroyed, covered with rubble.

985:

Akimov was in the control room at the reactor control panel at the moment of explosion, with Toptunov; received a fatal dose of 1,500 rad during attempts to restart feedwater flow into the reactor; posthumously awarded the

1947:

squad. Placed on fire watch on the roof of the ventilation block with Ivan Shavrey, however descended after a few minutes after he reportedly went temporarily blind. Received an approximate 210 REM dose. Alive as of 2021.

2438:

restart feedwater flow into the reactor. Unable to stop vomiting he was admitted to hospital and selected as one of the first 26 patients to be flown to Moscow where he passed away 18 days later; posthumously awarded the

2581:

Assisted with assessing damages to the reactor. Aided Perevozchenko, Proskuryakov and Kudryavstev in attempting to enter the reactor hall. Suffered ARS of the 3rd degree having received 450 rad. Passed away due to acute

2256:

Aided in restarting coolant flow to the reactor in room 714/2 where he spent 20 minutes close to the entrance. A few hours later experienced nausea and vomiting; suffered ARS of the 2nd degree having received 300 rad.

2070:

Supervisor of the 12 to 8 a.m. shift; after the disaster demoted, allowed to continue working in the plant while awaiting trial; found guilty of gross violation of safety regulations, sentenced to five years in a

1256:. Arrested in August 1986, spent a year in a Kiev prison awaiting trial; found guilty of gross violation of safety regulations. Sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp, served three. Released due to ill health in 1990. 821:

the damage. Sitnikov climbed to the roof of reactor 3, where he saw the gaping hole in the roof of reactor 4 and the glowing remains of the fuel rods. He received a lethal dose of radiation and died five weeks later.

2276:

Present in the control room, desk P, at the moment of the explosion, controlling the feedwater and deaerator mechanisms. Later taken to Moscow Hospital where he was tested for ARS, potentially unconfirmed.

1586:

worker; received dose of radiation during post-accident survey; demoted but allowed to continue work while awaiting trial; found guilty of violating safety regulations, sentenced to three years in a labor camp

2683:

Two decades after the accident, the Chernobyl Forum Report showed that the first responders and clean-up workers, who were the people exposed to the highest level of radiations, still had the highest rates of

1611:

Present in the control room at the moment of explosion; received fatal dose of radiation (560 rad) during attempt to manually lower the control rods as he approached the reactor hall; posthumously awarded the

862:

arrived in the form of two fire engines. Pravik began assembling a squad to climb to the roof of the third unit to extinguish the fires there. At around 1:50 am Pravik, and a squad of four other firefighters,

1300:

membership, arrested in August 1986, spent a year in a Kiev prison awaiting trial; cleared of charges of abuse of power, found guilty of gross violation of safety regulations, sentenced to 10 years in a

886:

No.6, Kibenok grasped Pravik by the shoulder and exclaimed: "Come on brother, we'll drink the cup more than once!". However, a week into May, their conditions began to worsen. They both died on May 11, 1986.

263:

The power was stabilized at 200 MW at around 1:00 a.m., and the turbine rundown test was begun. A little under a minute after the beginning of the test, Dyatlov reports that Toptunov pressed the

237:. On the night of April 25th and the early hours of April 26th, there had been 160 personnel on duty across the facility, while 300 more workers were on site at the building site of reactors 5 and 6. 2192:

Stationed in room 604, found pinned down under a fallen beam, with broken spine, broken ribs, deep thermal and radiation burns, and unconscious; died in hospital without regaining consciousness

737:. At 4 a.m., Moscow ordered feeding of water to the reactor. As Director of the Chernobyl site, Bryukhanov was sentenced to ten years imprisonment but only served five years of the sentence. 2555:

In the turbine hall at the moment of explosion; received fatal dose (about 920 rad) during firefighting and stabilizing the turbine hall, died in a Moscow hospital; posthumously awarded the

1891:

In the turbine hall at the moment of explosion; received fatal dose (about 1,010 rad) during firefighting and stabilizing the turbine hall, died in Moscow hospital; posthumously awarded the

1102:

In the turbine hall at the moment of explosion; received fatal dose (about 1,290 rad) during firefighting and stabilizing the turbine hall, died in Moscow hospital; posthumously awarded the

840:

were both shift commanders of their respective fire departments (Militarized Fire Department No.2 & Paramilitary Fire Department No.6) and were first responding firefighters to the disaster.

296:

the Control and Protection System. Dyatlov was overcome by weakness and nausea in the bunker and went to the medical unit with Gorbachenko. Fomin replaced him at his post with Anatoly Sitnikov.

2047:

Present in the control room at the moment of explosion; received fatal dose of radiation while attempting to enter the reactor hall to manually lower the control rods; posthumously awarded the

1995:

fire station. Commanded the first unit to arrive at 1:28. He called a stage 3 alert immediately upon seeing the destroyed reactor building. Held scene command until 2:00 am. Offered to guide

1919:

Received fatal dose of 800 rad during attempt to locate and rescue Khodemchuk and others, approached the reactor hall together with Kudryavtsev and Proskuryakov; posthumously awarded the

3405: 2636:

Firefighter from the nuclear power plant's fire station (ВПЧ-2). Among the first firemen to arrive at 1:28 am. Was the first man on the roof of the turbine hall. Placed on firewatch by

427:

technician, began his shift and checked in unit 3; he skipped the check of unit 4 as it was being shut down, so at the moment of the accident he was located in the duty room.

611: 384: 45: 2640:

at 3:00 am and remained on the roof until 5:00 am. He was hospitalized with 2nd degree ARS, receiving an approximate 200 REM dose. He survived his treatment and died in 2012.

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Suffered ARS of the 2nd degree having received a potentially fatal radiation dose of 400 rad when helping Orlov, Akimov and Toptunov to manually open cooling system valves

727: 4028: 2994: 921:, which he planned to use in case the valve became stuck. The men moved quickly to prevent acute radiation exposure. The mission was completed without complication. 1455:

He arrived on scene at 1:47 am and stayed on the north side of the reactor building until 6:00 AM. Participated in crucial work ensuring a constant water supply to

4021: 4577: 1903: 1161:

Radiation burn on right side, right hand, received a potentially lethal radiation dose during post-accident site survey suffering from ARS of the 3rd degree.

156: 3375: 51: 2351:. He received an estimated 1140–1340 REM dose and died in Moscow Hospital No.6 two weeks later, being the first fireman to die. He was posthumously named a 1895:; irradiated by a piece of fuel lodged on a nearby transformer of the turbogenerator 7 during manual opening of the turbine emergency oil drain valves 734: 1183:

In control room at desk T with Kirschenbaum at the moment of explosion. Assessed the damage in and around the Turbine Hall following the explosion.

1106:; irradiated by a piece of fuel lodged on a nearby transformer of turbogenerator 7 during manual opening of the turbine emergency oil drain valves 2309:

and began his reconnaissance inside the plant. He held overall scene command until 4 AM, when he could no longer continue due to the onset symptoms of

1355:

He arrived on scene at 1:47 AM and stayed on the north side of the reactor building until 6:00 AM. Received an approximate 140 REM dose; died in 2005.

1538:

Present in the control room, desk T, at the moment of explosion; in charge of switching off the turbo generator 8 and starting its spindown

1275:

Present in the control room when the reactor power dropped; returned to his office when power was stabilized, where he was in the moment of explosion

655:. He then returned to search for his comrades. He witnessed the destruction of the reactor building from the broken windows of the deaerator gallery. 447:

per hour (18 and 130 μA/kg). He went to the turbine hall to survey the damage, saw scattered pieces of concrete, and returned to the duty room.

337:

Believing the water flow to the reactor to be blocked by a closed valve somewhere, they went to the half-destroyed feedwater room on level +27.

3172: 1713:, returned to the plant and worked for several more days; died in a Kiev hospital 10 days later after receiving ARS of the 4th degree (1,220 rad). 1459:

squad on the roof of the reactor building. Infamously picked up a piece of graphite from the ground near the VSRO building. Died 8 January 2005.

2000:

2:30 am but had already received a lethal dose of radiation (1420–1620 REM). Died two weeks later in Moscow Hospital No.6. Posthumously named a

501:

His body was severely contaminated by radioactive water. He was carried out by Gorbachenko and Pyotr Palamarchuk and died at 6 a.m. in the

3926:

E J Bromet; J M Havenaar; L T Guey (2011-05-23). "A 25 year retrospective review of the psychological consequences of the Chernobyl accident".

1776:

At the moment of the explosion in the control room; in charge of issuing the simulated Maximum Projected Accident signal on Metlenko's command

564:. At 3 a.m., he began vomiting intensely; by 6 a.m., he could no longer walk. He later spent a year in the Moscow hospital receiving 2165:

Aided Konoval, Baranov, Lopatyuk and Lelechenko ultimately receiving ARS of the 4th degree with a dose of 1,160 rad. Posthumously awarded the

1757:

Received a fatal dose (500 rad) guarding the spent fuel storage-building construction site, about 200 meters (660 ft) from block 4

317:

due to the extremely high temperature of inlet water. The coolant started boiling in the reactor, and because of a combination of a positive

3550: 662:

room and asked Gorbachenko for radiation levels; Gorbachenko left with Palamarchuk to rescue Shashenok while Perevozchenko went through the

560:

to his left shoulder, hip and calf as he kept the radioactive-dust-covered door open. It was later estimated he received a dose of 4.1

4397: 3995: 3053: 1327:

Worked the 4 to 12 p.m. shift; stayed to watch the test; in control room at desk T with Kirschenbaum at the moment of explosion

4582: 3585: 1847:; irradiated by a piece of fuel lodged on a nearby transformer of the turbo generator 7 during attempts to call the control room 143: 4496: 4035: 3472: 2559:; irradiated by a piece of fuel lodged on a nearby transformer of the turbogenerator 7 during attempts to call the control room 310:

Akimov, the unit shift chief, was in charge of the test itself. He took over the shift at midnight from Tregub, who stayed on-site.

3853: 3787: 740:

The first director of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Viktor Petrovich Bryukhanov, died on October 13, 2021, at the age of 84.

16:

This article is about the actions and recollections of individuals on duty during the disaster. For more general information, see

3622: 4381: 4273: 3282: 2305:'s fire station (ВПЧ-2). He was on vacation at the time of the disaster and arrived at 1:47 AM. Took over scene command from 4042: 3306: 2701: 4519: 4264: 4056: 1297: 1131: 222: 1843:

Received fatal dosage of 1,200 rad during firefighting and stabilizing the turbine hall; posthumously awarded the

4554: 4429: 4411: 2706: 1634:

At the central control room with Lelechenko; at the moment of explosion just arrived to the block 4 control room

4012: 3155: 793: 637: 410: 203: 181: 116: 94: 59: 1055:

At the moment of the explosion stationed in the nitrogen-oxygen station, 200 meters (660 ft) from block 4

619: 392: 87: 4374: 3988: 936:

structure in the background, Poroshenko noted that the three men had been quickly forgotten at the time, with the

917:(one attached to the chest, another one around the ankle). Ananenko, who was familiar with the layout, brought an 764: 2658:

the roof until 6:00 am when he could no longer continue. Received an approximate 180 REM dose. Alive as of 2024.

1970:

Mobile laboratory in a vehicle at turbine 8; received a fatal dose (690 rad) and died in Moscow. Buried in

493:

over his entire body when the overpressure spike destroyed the isolation membranes and the impulse pipes of the

4503: 4049: 2689: 933: 615: 388: 878:

At around 2:16 am, the firemen on the roof of the ventilation block began to succumb to the early symptoms of

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and the feed of hydrogen to the generators, then tried to supply voltage to feedwater pumps; after receiving

1701: 1074: 218: 3676: 1252:

In the control room with Akimov and Toptunov at the time of the explosion. Exposed to radiation dose of 650

4192: 3673:"Давлетбаев Разим Ильгамович | Межрегиональная общественная организация ветеранов концерна "РОСЭНЕРГОАТОМ"" 3517: 3120: 715:

underestimated the radiation level. At 3 a.m., Bryukhanov called Maryin, the deputy secretary for the

3213: 4540: 4333: 3981: 3473:"History does not know the words "too late" – Publications. Materials about: Pripyat, Chernobyl accident" 1138:

prison awaiting trial; found guilty of gross violation of safety regulations, sentenced to 10 years in a

676:

pipes, roof debris on top of turbine 7, and scattered pieces of reactor graphite and fuel, with the

3191: 1869:

Received a fatal dose (1450 rad) when the wind blew radioactive debris towards the Unit 5 staging area.

4317: 3057: 207: 4466: 1209:, face scalded by steam or hot water, received a lethal dose of 460 rad and died in Moscow hospital. 3809: 4185: 2388: 2314: 2310: 2001: 1516: 1511:

Lieutenant, shift leader from the Pripyat Fire Department. Arrived on scene at 1:35 am, along with

890: 879: 771: 600: 373: 287:

a.m., Dyatlov instructed Babishev to relieve Akimov on duty, but Akimov also remained at his post.

81: 3778:"Nation & World | Far from their buried husbands, Chernobyl widows still cope with loss" 3554: 2972: 2932: 2766: 2072: 1795:

At the moment of explosion present with two assistants in the N area of the control room, at the

1302: 1253: 1139: 604: 430:

A flat and powerful thud shook the building; he and his assistant Pshenichnikov thought it was a

377: 148: 3726: 3350: 683:

Palamarchuk unsuccessfully attempted to contact Shashenok in room 604, then ran around the

4455: 4404: 4303: 3902: 3332: 3241: 2995:"Word for Word: Chernobyl Witnesses;After Meltdown, Unsung Heroes Talk of Rads, Duty and Vodka" 322: 98: 486:

of the profile of the multiple forced circulation circuits to the computer room by telephone.

4475: 3593: 3518:"Документы ЧАЭС: Свидетельства очевидцев и показания свидетелей » ЧАЭС Зона отчуждения" 1296:

Arrived at 4:30 am; spent a month in the Moscow clinic; after the disaster stripped of

4438: 489:

The communication lines were cut during the explosion. Shashenok received deep thermal and

424: 3551:"Как готовился взрыв Чернобыля. (Воспоминания В.И.Борца.) - Версии г.Припять ( Чернобыль)" 3476: 3089: 8: 4324: 4310: 4257: 3857: 3810:"Лузганова Клавдия Ивановна / Прочие катастрофы / Чернобыльская авария 26 апреля 1986 г" 4482: 4160: 4132: 4004: 3627: 3427: 3376:"Ananenko, Bezpalov and Baranov: the reality behind the myth of three Chernobyl divers" 2637: 2363: 2313:. He received an estimated 450 REM dose, recovered from his treatment, and was named a 2285: 1971: 1560:

Received a fatal dose of 830 rad and died in Moscow Hospital. Posthumously awarded the

918: 722:

Maryin sent the message further up the chain of command, to Frolyshev, who then called

552:

The three would later die in the Moscow hospital. Yuvchenko meanwhile suffered serious

234: 226: 214: 195: 17: 3274:

Midnight in Chernobyl : the untold story of the world's greatest nuclear disaster

667:

and losing consciousness, he returned to the control room to report on the situation.

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Fire Department (SWPCH-6/ СВПЧ-6). Arrived on scene at 1:35 am under the command of

2383:

Fire Department (SWPCH-6/ СВПЧ-6). Arrived on scene at 1:35 am under the command of

2343:

Fire Department (SWPCH-6/ СВПЧ-6). Arrived on scene at 1:35 am under the command of

1383:

Fire Department (SWPCH-6/ СВПЧ-6). Arrived on scene at 1:35 AM under the command of

4445: 4146: 4139: 4111: 4097: 4083: 3935: 3879: 3831: 3094: 2610: 2348: 2306: 1978: 1944: 1535:

Turbine control senior engineer (SIUT), deputy head of unit 4 turbine section

1512: 1456: 1363: 969: 929: 902: 864: 833: 723: 542: 507: 318: 305: 199: 4390: 4250: 4167: 4090: 2511: 2421: 2392: 2352: 1236: 1086: 906: 684: 467: 444: 251: 2763:"Выживший на ЧАЭС - о роковом эксперименте и допросах КГБ / KishkiNa 14.09.2018" 770:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

4347: 4118: 3939: 2507: 2384: 2344: 1495: 1384: 868: 837: 775: 670: 490: 483: 3292: 2951: 2894: 2874: 2857: 2840: 2818: 2801: 2781: 2762: 2727: 851:

At 1:35 am, Viktor Kibenok arrived on scene with 9 firemen in 3 vehicles from

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At 1:23:04 a.m., the test began, and the main circulation pumps started

279: 2075:

plus two years concurrently for negligence and unfaithful execution of duty

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Fishing at the shore of the cooling water channel, witnessed the explosion

1796: 1706: 431: 230: 4287: 3754: 3703: 3310: 845: 342: 3414:(in Russian). 26 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020 1205:

At the moment of explosion close to the pumps; posthumously awarded the

4236: 3071:

that it is not the reactor that is buried there but Valery Khodemchuk.'

2434:

SIUR, senior engineer for management of the reactor (reactor operator)

1142:

plus concurrent five years for abuse of power. Of this he served five.

569: 557: 314: 1409:

Guarded a gate opposite to block 4; stayed on duty until morning

1134:

membership after disaster. Arrested in August 1986, spent a year in a

4418: 4356: 4222: 4199: 3973: 3410: 3380:

Contamination Zone – Group and private trips to Chernobyl and Pripyat

3147: 3144:

Chernobyl Record: The Definitive History of the Chernobyl Catastrophe

2911: 1710: 1448: 1348: 914: 859: 659: 652: 553: 494: 270: 1735:

Received fatal dose (650 rad) during switching off the electrolyzer

896: 589: 362: 4512: 4280: 2940:. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. 1992. pp. 49–56. 2615: 2583: 677: 663: 573: 257: 1595: 4296: 4229: 4215: 3672: 2980:. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. 1992. pp. All. 2503: 2380: 2340: 2140: 1996: 1583: 1380: 852: 561: 502: 435: 210:, also rated level 7, is the only other level 7-rated accident. 3521: 3406:"Президент вручил награды героям-ликвидаторам и работникам ЧАЭС" 889:

On September 25, 1986, both lieutenants were posthumously named

690: 134: 4419:

State Institution for Radiation Monitoring and Radiation Safety

4243: 3727:"The truth about Anatoly Dyatlov, the man blamed for Chernobyl" 3351:"Hero of Chernobyl: An Interview with Engineer Alexei Ananenko" 512: 3925: 3520:(in Russian). Chernobil.info. 22 February 1999. Archived from 2912:"Свидетельства очевидцев и показания свидетелей: Ю. Ю. Трегуб" 2530:

SKALA computer operator, senior officer (SDIVT), block 4

658:

With his face already tanned by the radiation, he went to the

1675:

SKALA computer operator, electromechanic (DES), block 3

1659:

Genrikh having received ARS of the 3rd degree would recover.

1005: 265: 671:

Vyacheslav Brazhnik, Pyotr Palamarchuk and Razim Davletbayev

2953:

Half Lives: Leonid Toptunov, The Man Who Blew Up Chernobyl?

1592: 1135: 937: 346: 2317:

in September 1986. Died from jaw cancer in December 2004.

2009: 1900: 1683: 1664: 2600: 2573: 2547: 2494: 2429: 2371: 2331: 2293: 2248: 2225: 2208:

SKALA computer operator, senior officer (SDIVT), block 3

2184: 2157: 2130: 2089: 2039: 2030: 1983: 1962: 1928: 1911: 1883: 1861: 1835: 1813: 1749: 1727: 1692: 1650: 1603: 1552: 1503: 1475: 1414: 1401: 1392: 1371: 1244: 1197: 1175: 1122: 1094: 1083: 1025: 977: 2173: 2148: 2121: 1874: 1188: 1041: 3553:(in Russian). Pripyat.com. 23 July 2007. Archived from 2197: 1804: 1740: 1464: 1272:

Thermal plant automation and measurement, shift leader

1166: 1147: 1111: 719:

industry, reporting Akimov's version of the situation.

3054:"One of the first victims of the Chernobyl nuclear..." 2564: 2322: 2216: 1781: 1360: 966: 3880:"Часть 34 из 232 – Щербак Юрий Николаевич. Чернобыль" 3832:"Часть 36 из 232 – Щербак Юрий Николаевич. Чернобыль" 3651:"Ex-Chornobyl Head Says Causes Of Accident Concealed" 2974:

INSAG-7: The Chernobyl Incident- An Update to INSAG-1

2485: 2418: 2360: 2282: 2080: 2056: 1826: 1718: 1332: 1233: 1016: 828: 3846: 3083: 3081: 3079: 2934:

INSAG-7: The Chernobyl Incident- Updating of INSAG-1

2769:

from the original on 2021-12-15 – via YouTube.

2538: 2262: 1642: 1639: 1524: 1492: 2239: 2103: 1432: 1280: 1060: 817:underestimated or denied the extent of the damage. 3212: 3030:. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 1996 2591: 2519: 2466: 2400: 1953: 1697:Plant worker, deputy chief of the electrical shop 1568: 1543: 1313: 533:Yuvchenko, an engineer, was in his office between 519: 240: 3623:"Chernobyl Officials Are Sentenced to Labor Camp" 3076: 2533:At the moment of the explosion in the SKALA room 1011:In the SKALA room at the moment of the explosion 994: 897:Engineers who drained the steam suppression pools 858:In the meantime, reinforcements from the town of 23:People involved in the Chernobyl nuclear accident 4569: 3400: 3398: 3396: 2477:Reactor operator, senior engineer, block 1 1852: 3856:(in Russian). Forum.pripyat.com. Archived from 1762: 1620: 1261: 478:Shashenok, the automatic systems adjuster from 299: 2446: 568:and plasma transfusions and received numerous 245: 4578:People associated with the Chernobyl disaster 3989: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3393: 691:Aleksandr Kudryavtsev and Viktor Proskuryakov 4398:Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme 4022:Comparison with other radioactivity releases 3697: 3695: 3693: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3270: 3239: 3221:. Vol. 183, no. 2461. p. 46. 3206: 3204: 1214: 3802: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3475:. Pripyat.com. 23 July 2007. Archived from 3090:"Chernobyl Victims Buried at Memorial Site" 2760: 932:. During the April 2018 ceremony, with the 901:On May 6, 1986, plant mechanical engineers 618:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 391:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 60:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4550: 3996: 3982: 3872: 3182:. Muldersdrift, South Africa. p. 41. 3724: 3690: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3491: 3440: 3201: 794:Learn how and when to remove this message 638:Learn how and when to remove this message 411:Learn how and when to remove this message 182:Learn how and when to remove this message 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 3854:"Последняя командировка [Архив]" 3749: 3747: 3608: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3233: 3087: 3051: 2761:Stolyarchuk, Boris (14 September 2018). 2094:Main circulating pumps, second operator 1480:Main circulating pumps, senior operator 1305:, released soon afterwards because of a 924:In 2018, the three men were awarded the 159:of all important aspects of the article. 80:This article includes a list of general 2909: 2892: 2872: 2855: 2838: 2816: 2799: 2779: 2745:Chernobyl. Revenge of the Peaceful Atom 2725: 2176: 1180:Deputy head of Unit 4 turbine division 579: 4570: 4003: 3775: 3569: 3123:. AP/IOL, Cape Town, SA. 25 April 2006 3047: 3045: 2989: 2987: 2927: 2925: 2756: 2754: 2742: 2552:Turbine equipment machinist-inspector 2230:Deputy Chief Engineer, Units 1 and 2. 1840:Turbine equipment machinist-inspector 528: 352: 155:Please consider expanding the lead to 4382:Children of Chernobyl Benefit Concert 3977: 3900: 3744: 3718: 3536: 3266: 3264: 3170: 3164: 2916:Причины Чернобыльской аварии известны 2888: 2886: 1249:Deputy Chief Engineer, Units 3 and 4 510:at the time, citing Soviet newspaper 473: 443:ranged between 2,000 and 15,000 3299: 3210: 3141: 3018: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2795: 2793: 2702:Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster 2273:Senior unit 4 control engineer 1451:Town Fire Department (PPC-17/ ППЧ-17 1351:Town Fire Department (PPC-17/ ППЧ-17 1158:Reactor stop 1 deputy director 747: 703: 616:adding citations to reliable sources 583: 549:sustained fatal doses of radiation. 454: 389:adding citations to reliable sources 356: 128: 66: 25: 3173:"Chernobyl: what happened and why?" 3088:Williams, Carol J. (24 June 1986). 3042: 2984: 2922: 2751: 1923:; radiation burns on side and back 1792:Senior brigade electrical engineer 206:, the highest possible rating. The 13: 4583:Deaths by acute radiation syndrome 3755:"Г.Медведев Чернобыльская Тетрадь" 3701: 3653:. Radio Free Europe. 25 April 2006 3261: 3240:Higginbotham, A. (26 March 2006). 3121:"My husband was a swollen blister" 2965: 2883: 2707:List of Chernobyl-related articles 2114:Turbine operation senior engineer 1888:Turbine operator, senior engineer 829:Vladimir Pravik and Viktor Kibenok 680:on the floor burning around them. 233:that emitted dangerous amounts of 86:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 4594: 4439:2022 Russian capture of Chernobyl 3052:Mitchell, Charles (23 May 1986). 2866: 2849: 2827: 2810: 2790: 2773: 2719: 2301:Major. Commanding officer of the 1052:Oxygen–nitrogen station operator 204:International Nuclear Event Scale 41:This article has multiple issues. 4549: 4536: 4535: 4375:Chernobyl Children International 3725:Zubacheva, Ksenia (2019-06-17). 3706:(in Russian). Bluesbag6.narod.ru 3211:Bond, Michael (21 August 2004). 2653:Lieutenant, Shift leader of the 1991:Lieutenant, Shift leader of the 1425:Turbine repair department chief 752: 743: 588: 361: 202:rated a level 7 accident on the 133: 71: 30: 4412:Friends of Chernobyl's Children 3919: 3894: 3824: 3769: 3704:"Сразу же после аварии на ЧАЭС" 3679:from the original on 2017-04-12 3665: 3643: 3586:"7/20/87 Judgment at Chernobyl" 3368: 3343: 3325: 3135: 3113: 3012: 2944: 2910:Dmitrov, Viktor (13 May 2006). 2903: 2732:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 107. 2391:, and was posthumously named a 1866:Chemical worker, turbine shop. 1631:Chief of electrical laboratory 1324:Turbo generator chief engineer 520:Oleg Genrikh and Anatoly Kurguz 241:Individuals present on 26 April 213:The accident occurred at 01:23 147:may be too short to adequately 49:or discuss these issues on the 3757:(in Russian). Library.narod.ru 2899:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 52. 2879:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 54. 2862:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 51. 2845:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 53. 2823:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 50. 2806:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 49. 2736: 2690:post-traumatic stress disorder 2253:Shift foreman, reactor 4 934:Chernobyl New Safe Confinement 726:. Dolgikh subsequently called 498:foam coming out of his mouth. 157:provide an accessible overview 1: 3901:Tango, Charlie (2020-11-21). 2786:. Научтехлитиздат. p. 8. 2712: 1702:Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant 1075:Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant 948: 219:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 3776:Lisova, N. (25 April 2006). 1447:Fire engine driver from the 1347:Fire engine driver from the 300:Aleksandr Fyodorovich Akimov 217:on April 26th, 1986, at the 7: 3271:Higginbotham, Adam (2019). 2695: 2578:Senior mechanical engineer 2189:Automatic systems adjuster 576:in November 2008, aged 47. 246:Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov 10: 4599: 3940:10.1016/j.clon.2011.01.501 3928:Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 3675:(in Russian). 2017-04-12. 3171:Meyer, C.M. (March 2007). 2562: 2536: 2517: 2483: 2464: 2444: 2416: 2398: 2358: 2320: 2280: 2260: 2237: 2214: 2195: 2171: 2146: 2119: 2101: 2078: 2054: 2028: 2007: 1976: 1951: 1926: 1898: 1872: 1850: 1824: 1802: 1779: 1760: 1738: 1716: 1681: 1662: 1637: 1618: 1590: 1579:Reactor 4 supervisor 1566: 1541: 1522: 1490: 1462: 1430: 1412: 1390: 1358: 1330: 1311: 1278: 1259: 1231: 1212: 1186: 1164: 1145: 1109: 1081: 1058: 1039: 1014: 992: 964: 891:Heroes of the Soviet Union 805: 707: 458: 303: 256:Dyatlov, the deputy chief 249: 208:Fukushima nuclear accident 15: 4529: 4520:National Chernobyl Museum 4467:Chernobyl: The Lost Tapes 4428: 4366: 4334:Energetik cultural palace 4177: 4073: 4057:Groundwater contamination 4029:Comparison with Fukushima 4011: 3812:(in Russian). Pomnimih.ru 3432:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2893:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2873:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2856:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2839:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2817:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2800:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2780:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2726:Dyatlov, Anatoly (2005). 2678: 2508:Lieutenant Viktor Kibenok 2457:Unit 4 shift leader 2385:Lieutenant Viktor Kibenok 2345:Lieutenant Viktor Kibenok 1916:Foreman, reactor section 1385:Lieutenant Viktor Kibenok 1033:Posthumously awarded the 982:Unit 4 shift leader 957: 733:and other members of the 4193:Chernihiv–Ovruch railway 3882:(in Russian). X-libri.ru 3337:www.chernobylgallery.com 2743:Karpan, Nikolai (2006). 2002:Hero of the Soviet Union 1773:Electrician, shop chief 1596:Aleksandr H. Kudryavtsev 1517:Hero of the Soviet Union 1099:Senior turbine operator 944: 880:acute radiation sickness 3903:"Death of Ivan Shavrey" 3242:"Chernobyl 20 years on" 2012:Vladimir. I. Prishchepa 1904:Valery I. Perevozchenko 1686:Aleksandr G. Lelechenko 1667:Nikolai G. Kuryavchenko 928:by Ukrainian President 101:more precise citations. 4405:Chernobyl Shelter Fund 2033:Viktor V. Proskuryakov 1931:Oleksandr I. Petrovsky 1655:Operator, central hall 1417:Aleksander A. Kavunets 1395:Yakaterina A. Ivanenko 1087:Vyacheslav S. Brazhnik 229:was contaminated with 4476:Chernobyl liquidators 3834:(in Russian). X-Libri 2896:Chernobyl. How It Was 2876:Chernobyl. How It Was 2859:Chernobyl. How It Was 2842:Chernobyl. How It Was 2820:Chernobyl. How It Was 2803:Chernobyl. How It Was 2783:Chernobyl. How It Was 2729:Chernobyl. How It Was 2177:Vladimir N. Shashenok 2151:Anatoly I. Shapovalov 2135:Vibration specialist 2124:Volodomyr I. Savenkov 1967:Vibration specialist 1877:Kostyantyn H. Perchuk 1754:Pripyat police guard 1406:Pripyat police guard 1191:Viktor M. Degtyarenko 1044:Nikolai S. Bondarenko 4504:New Safe Confinement 3339:. February 15, 2013. 3333:"Timeline of events" 3214:"Cheating Chernobyl" 3197:on 11 December 2013. 3142:Mould, R. F. (200). 2663:Anatoly A. Zakharov 2200:Anatoly V. Shlelyayn 1807:Aleksandr A. Nekhaev 1743:Klavdia I. Luzganova 1468:Valery I. Khodemchuk 1169:Razim I. Davletbayev 1150:Vladimir A. Chugunov 1115:Viktor P. Bryukhanov 1030:Electrical engineer 612:improve this section 580:Valery Perevozchenko 572:. Yuvchenko died of 425:radiation monitoring 385:improve this section 4311:Azure swimming pool 2567:Aleksandr Yuvchenko 2502:A fireman from the 2379:A fireman from the 2339:A fireman from the 2325:Vladimir I. Tishura 2219:Anatoly A. Sitnikov 2067:Block shift leader 1784:Gennady P. Metlenko 1379:A fireman from the 1364:Vasily I. Ignatenko 970:Aleksandr F. Akimov 529:Aleksandr Yuvchenko 434:occurring during a 353:Nikolai Gorbachenko 266:AZ-5 (scram) button 198:was a catastrophic 4483:Chernobyl necklace 4161:Leonid Telyatnikov 4133:Vassili Nesterenko 4005:Chernobyl disaster 3907:Contamination Zone 3860:on 31 January 2016 3790:on 2 November 2011 3628:The New York Times 3021:"Inside the Beast" 3019:KISELYOV, Sergei. 2627:Leonid M. Shavrey 2488:Mykola V. Vashchuk 2422:Leonid F. Toptunov 2364:Nikolai I. Titenok 2286:Leonid Telyatnikov 2083:Gennady Rusanovsky 2059:Boris V. Rogozhkin 1972:Mitinskoe Cemetery 1829:Oleksandr V. Novyk 1721:Viktor I. Lopatyuk 1335:Mikhail Golovnenko 1237:Anatoly S. Dyatlov 1019:Anatoly I. Baranov 1008:computer operator 938:Soviet news agency 919:adjustable spanner 474:Vladimir Shashenok 235:ionizing radiation 196:Chernobyl disaster 18:Chernobyl disaster 4565: 4564: 4459:(2019 miniseries) 4154:Nikolai Tarakanov 4105:Valery Khodemchuk 3783:The Seattle Times 3524:on 13 August 2011 3479:on 20 August 2010 3313:on March 24, 2011 3284:978-0-552-17289-9 2676: 2675: 2638:Major Telyatnikov 2620:COVID-19 pandemic 2557:Order For Courage 2541:Yuri A. Vershynin 2461:water. Survived. 2440:Order For Courage 2307:Lieutenant Pravik 2265:Boris Stolyarchuk 2167:Order For Courage 2143:in a lead coffin 2049:Order For Courage 1921:Order For Courage 1893:Order For Courage 1845:Order For Courage 1643:Anatoly K. Kurguz 1614:Order For Courage 1562:Order For Courage 1527:Igor Kirschenbaum 1513:Lieutenant Pravik 1496:Viktor M. Kibenok 1486:Order For Courage 1307:nervous breakdown 1207:Order For Courage 1202:Reactor operator 1104:Order For Courage 1035:Order For Courage 988:Order For Courage 926:Order For Courage 804: 803: 796: 731:Mikhail Gorbachev 728:General Secretary 710:Viktor Bryukhanov 704:Viktor Bryukhanov 648: 647: 640: 480:Atomenergonaladka 461:Valery Khodemchuk 455:Valery Khodemchuk 421: 420: 413: 192: 191: 184: 174: 173: 127: 126: 119: 64: 4590: 4558: 4553: 4552: 4544: 4539: 4538: 4522: 4515: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4461: 4451: 4447:Chernobyl: Abyss 4441: 4421: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4384: 4377: 4359: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4327: 4320: 4318:Avanhard stadium 4313: 4306: 4299: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4218: 4209: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4147:Volodymyr Pravyk 4142: 4140:Vladimir Pikalov 4135: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4112:Boris Shcherbina 4107: 4100: 4098:Vasily Ignatenko 4093: 4086: 4084:Aleksandr Akimov 4066: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4038: 4031: 4024: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3975: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3786:. Archived from 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3751: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3699: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3619: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3592:. Archived from 3582: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3547: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3514: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3469: 3438: 3437: 3431: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3402: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3362: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3309:. Archived from 3303: 3297: 3296: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3216: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3190:. Archived from 3177: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3104: 3102: 3095:Associated Press 3085: 3074: 3073: 3067: 3065: 3049: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3025: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2929: 2920: 2919: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2890: 2881: 2880: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2836: 2825: 2824: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2758: 2749: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2723: 2602: 2597: 2596: 2595: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2549: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2431: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2373: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2349:Vasily Ignatenko 2333: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2315:Hero of the USSR 2295: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2242:Viktor G. Smagin 2227: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2159: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2132: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2106:Aleksei V. Rysin 2091: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2015: 2014: 2013: 1985: 1964: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1885: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1863: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1837: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1729: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1652: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1505: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1435:Grigori M. Khmel 1420: 1419: 1418: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1284:Nikolai M. Fomin 1267: 1266: 1265: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1096: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063:Vitaly I. Borets 1047: 1046: 1045: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1000: 999: 998: 979: 974: 973: 972: 949: 930:Petro Poroshenko 903:Oleksiy Ananenko 865:Vasily Ignatenko 799: 792: 788: 785: 779: 756: 755: 748: 724:Vladimir Dolgikh 643: 636: 632: 629: 623: 592: 584: 543:ionized air glow 540: 536: 508:Associated Press 416: 409: 405: 402: 396: 365: 357: 319:void coefficient 306:Aleksandr Akimov 294: 286: 200:nuclear disaster 187: 180: 169: 166: 160: 137: 129: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 97:this article by 88:inline citations 75: 74: 67: 56: 34: 33: 26: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4547: 4533: 4525: 4518: 4511: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4481: 4474: 4464: 4454: 4444: 4437: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4396: 4391:Chernobyl Forum 4389: 4380: 4373: 4362: 4355: 4346: 4341:Jupiter factory 4339: 4332: 4323: 4316: 4309: 4302: 4295: 4286: 4279: 4274:Polesie Reserve 4272: 4263: 4256: 4251:Velyki Klishchi 4249: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4173: 4168:Leonid Toptunov 4166: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4091:Anatoly Dyatlov 4089: 4082: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4050:Elephant's Foot 4048: 4041: 4036:Cultural impact 4034: 4027: 4020: 4007: 4002: 3972: 3971: 3924: 3920: 3911: 3909: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3837: 3835: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3791: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3621: 3620: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3596:on 2 April 2009 3584: 3583: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3549: 3548: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3515: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3441: 3425: 3424: 3417: 3415: 3404: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3360: 3358: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3285: 3269: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3238: 3234: 3209: 3202: 3194: 3175: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3100: 3098: 3086: 3077: 3063: 3061: 3050: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3023: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2993: 2992: 2985: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2923: 2908: 2904: 2891: 2884: 2871: 2867: 2854: 2850: 2837: 2828: 2815: 2811: 2798: 2791: 2778: 2774: 2759: 2752: 2741: 2737: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2698: 2681: 2655:nuclear plant's 2594:Ivan M. Shavrey 2593: 2592: 2566: 2565: 2540: 2539: 2522:V. F. Verkhovod 2521: 2520: 2512:Hero of Ukraine 2487: 2486: 2469:Arkady G. Uskov 2468: 2467: 2448: 2447: 2420: 2419: 2403:Petr Tolstiakov 2402: 2401: 2393:Hero of Ukraine 2362: 2361: 2353:Hero of Ukraine 2324: 2323: 2284: 2283: 2264: 2263: 2241: 2240: 2218: 2217: 2199: 2198: 2175: 2174: 2150: 2149: 2123: 2122: 2105: 2104: 2082: 2081: 2058: 2057: 2032: 2031: 2011: 2010: 1993:nuclear plant's 1979:Vladimir Pravik 1956:Georgi I. Popov 1955: 1954: 1930: 1929: 1902: 1901: 1876: 1875: 1854: 1853: 1828: 1827: 1806: 1805: 1783: 1782: 1764: 1763: 1742: 1741: 1720: 1719: 1685: 1684: 1666: 1665: 1641: 1640: 1622: 1621: 1594: 1593: 1571:A. P. Kovalenko 1570: 1569: 1546:Yuri I. Konoval 1545: 1544: 1526: 1525: 1494: 1493: 1466: 1465: 1434: 1433: 1416: 1415: 1394: 1393: 1362: 1361: 1334: 1333: 1316:Sergei N. Gazin 1315: 1314: 1298:Communist party 1293:Chief engineer 1282: 1281: 1263: 1262: 1235: 1234: 1225:Plant employee 1216: 1215: 1190: 1189: 1168: 1167: 1149: 1148: 1132:Communist party 1127:Plant director 1113: 1112: 1085: 1084: 1062: 1061: 1043: 1042: 1018: 1017: 996: 995: 968: 967: 947: 907:Valery Bespalov 899: 869:Nikolai Titenok 834:Vladimir Pravik 831: 810: 800: 789: 783: 780: 769: 763:has an unclear 757: 753: 746: 712: 706: 693: 685:turbo generator 673: 644: 633: 627: 624: 609: 593: 582: 538: 534: 531: 522: 491:radiation burns 484:pressure gauges 476: 468:nuclear reactor 463: 457: 423:Gorbachenko, a 417: 406: 400: 397: 382: 366: 355: 308: 302: 292: 284: 254: 252:Anatoly Dyatlov 248: 243: 227:mainland Europe 188: 177: 176: 175: 170: 164: 161: 154: 142:This article's 138: 123: 112: 106: 103: 93:Please help to 92: 76: 72: 35: 31: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 4596: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4545: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4516: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4462: 4452: 4442: 4434: 4432: 4430:Related topics 4426: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4401: 4394: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4348:Polissya hotel 4344: 4337: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4314: 4307: 4304:amusement park 4293: 4292: 4291: 4284: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4261: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4196: 4186:Exclusion zone 4181: 4179: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4119:Valery Legasov 4115: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4079: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4025: 4017: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4001: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3978: 3970: 3969: 3918: 3893: 3871: 3845: 3823: 3801: 3768: 3743: 3717: 3689: 3664: 3642: 3631:. 30 July 1987 3607: 3568: 3535: 3490: 3439: 3392: 3367: 3342: 3324: 3298: 3283: 3260: 3232: 3200: 3163: 3156: 3146:. Boca Raton: 3134: 3112: 3075: 3041: 3011: 2983: 2964: 2943: 2921: 2902: 2882: 2865: 2848: 2826: 2809: 2789: 2772: 2750: 2747:. p. 348. 2735: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2697: 2694: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2645:Petr G. Khmel 2642: 2641: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2606: 2603: 2598: 2588: 2587: 2579: 2576: 2571: 2561: 2560: 2553: 2550: 2545: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2516: 2515: 2500: 2497: 2492: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2443: 2442: 2435: 2432: 2427: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2397: 2396: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2357: 2356: 2337: 2334: 2329: 2319: 2318: 2299: 2296: 2291: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2246: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2223: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2182: 2170: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2155: 2145: 2144: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2077: 2076: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2037: 2027: 2026: 2025:died in 1993. 2022: 2019: 2016: 2006: 2005: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1960: 1950: 1949: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1897: 1896: 1889: 1886: 1881: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1859: 1849: 1848: 1841: 1838: 1833: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1801: 1800: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1747: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1725: 1715: 1714: 1698: 1695: 1690: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1617: 1616: 1609: 1606: 1601: 1589: 1588: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1565: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1550: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1521: 1520: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1489: 1488: 1481: 1478: 1473: 1461: 1460: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1399: 1389: 1388: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1357: 1356: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1310: 1309: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1258: 1257: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1230: 1229: 1228:Morning shift 1226: 1223: 1221: 1211: 1210: 1203: 1200: 1195: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1173: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1144: 1143: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1108: 1107: 1100: 1097: 1092: 1080: 1079: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1038: 1037: 1031: 1028: 1023: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1003: 1001: 997:Yuri Y. Badaev 991: 990: 983: 980: 975: 963: 962: 959: 956: 953: 946: 943: 898: 895: 838:Viktor Kibenok 830: 827: 806:Main article: 802: 801: 765:citation style 760: 758: 751: 745: 742: 708:Main article: 705: 702: 692: 689: 672: 669: 646: 645: 596: 594: 587: 581: 578: 530: 527: 521: 518: 475: 472: 459:Main article: 456: 453: 419: 418: 369: 367: 360: 354: 351: 304:Main article: 301: 298: 250:Main article: 247: 244: 242: 239: 223:Soviet Ukraine 190: 189: 172: 171: 151:the key points 141: 139: 132: 125: 124: 79: 77: 70: 65: 39: 38: 36: 29: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4595: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4557: 4556: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4521: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367:Organisations 4365: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4126:Mykola Melnyk 4123: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3934:(4): 297–30. 3933: 3929: 3922: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3881: 3875: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3833: 3827: 3811: 3805: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3772: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3732: 3731:Russia Beyond 3728: 3721: 3705: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3652: 3646: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3557:on 1 May 2010 3556: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3435: 3429: 3413: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3312: 3308: 3307:"JPRS Report" 3302: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3267: 3265: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3219:New Scientist 3215: 3207: 3205: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3157:9781420034622 3153: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3122: 3116: 3109: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3072: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3048: 3046: 3029: 3022: 3015: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2976: 2975: 2968: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2913: 2906: 2898: 2897: 2889: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2869: 2861: 2860: 2852: 2844: 2843: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2822: 2821: 2813: 2805: 2804: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2776: 2768: 2764: 2757: 2755: 2746: 2739: 2731: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2599: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2577: 2572: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2546: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2484: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2303:nuclear plant 2300: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2247: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2215: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2196: 2191: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2156: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2134: 2129: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2088: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2044:SIUR trainee 2043: 2038: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1961: 1952: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1882: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1860: 1855:Ivan L. Orlov 1851: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1825: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1803: 1798: 1797:oscillographs 1794: 1791: 1789: 1780: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1761: 1756: 1753: 1748: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1726: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1707:electrolyzers 1703: 1699: 1696: 1691: 1682: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1638: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1608:SIUR trainee 1607: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1551: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1413: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1331: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1196: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1174: 1165: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1015: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1002: 993: 989: 984: 981: 976: 971: 965: 960: 955:Date of death 954: 951: 950: 942: 939: 935: 931: 927: 922: 920: 916: 912: 911:Boris Baranov 908: 904: 894: 892: 887: 883: 881: 876: 872: 870: 866: 861: 856: 854: 849: 847: 841: 839: 835: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 808:Nikolai Fomin 798: 795: 787: 777: 773: 767: 766: 761:This section 759: 750: 749: 744:Nikolai Fomin 741: 738: 736: 732: 729: 725: 720: 718: 717:nuclear power 711: 701: 697: 688: 686: 681: 679: 668: 665: 661: 656: 654: 642: 639: 631: 621: 617: 613: 607: 606: 602: 597:This section 595: 591: 586: 585: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 550: 546: 544: 526: 517: 515: 514: 509: 504: 499: 496: 492: 487: 485: 481: 471: 469: 462: 452: 448: 446: 440: 437: 433: 428: 426: 415: 412: 404: 394: 390: 386: 380: 379: 375: 370:This section 368: 364: 359: 358: 350: 348: 345:(4 being the 344: 338: 334: 330: 326: 324: 323:xenon burnout 320: 316: 311: 307: 297: 288: 281: 280:Nikolai Fomin 275: 272: 267: 261: 259: 253: 238: 236: 232: 231:radionuclides 228: 224: 220: 216: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 186: 183: 168: 158: 152: 150: 145: 140: 136: 131: 130: 121: 118: 110: 100: 96: 90: 89: 83: 78: 69: 68: 63: 61: 54: 53: 48: 47: 42: 37: 28: 27: 19: 4548: 4534: 4490:Chernobylite 4465: 4456: 4446: 4074: 4064:TORCH report 3931: 3927: 3921: 3910:. Retrieved 3906: 3896: 3884:. Retrieved 3874: 3862:. Retrieved 3858:the original 3848: 3836:. Retrieved 3826: 3814:. Retrieved 3804: 3792:. Retrieved 3788:the original 3781: 3771: 3759:. Retrieved 3735:. Retrieved 3733:. TV-Novosti 3730: 3720: 3708:. Retrieved 3681:. Retrieved 3667: 3655:. Retrieved 3645: 3633:. Retrieved 3626: 3598:. Retrieved 3594:the original 3589: 3559:. Retrieved 3555:the original 3526:. Retrieved 3522:the original 3481:. Retrieved 3477:the original 3416:. Retrieved 3409: 3384:. Retrieved 3382:. 2021-05-06 3379: 3370: 3359:. Retrieved 3357:. 2021-04-26 3354: 3345: 3336: 3327: 3315:. Retrieved 3311:the original 3301: 3273: 3251:. Retrieved 3247:The Guardian 3245: 3235: 3218: 3192:the original 3179: 3166: 3143: 3137: 3125:. Retrieved 3115: 3106: 3099:. Retrieved 3093: 3069: 3062:. Retrieved 3056: 3032:. Retrieved 3027: 3014: 3002:. 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Elshin 1130:Stripped of 923: 900: 888: 884: 877: 873: 857: 850: 842: 832: 823: 819: 815: 811: 790: 784:January 2024 781: 762: 739: 721: 713: 698: 694: 682: 674: 657: 649: 634: 625: 610:Please help 598: 551: 547: 532: 523: 511: 500: 488: 479: 477: 464: 449: 441: 432:water hammer 429: 422: 407: 398: 383:Please help 371: 339: 335: 331: 327: 312: 309: 289: 276: 262: 255: 212: 193: 178: 162: 146: 144:lead section 113: 104: 85: 57: 50: 44: 43:Please help 40: 4497:Sarcophagus 4449:(2021 film) 4325:FC Stroitel 4288:Dzernavichy 4207:power plant 4075:Individuals 3702:Petrov, S. 3277:. : CORGI. 2999:NYTimes.com 2618:during the 2601:20 Nov 2020 2574:10 Nov 2008 2548:21 Jul 1986 2495:14 May 1986 2449:Yuri Tregub 2430:14 May 1986 2372:16 May 1986 2332:10 May 1986 2249:23 Oct 2023 2226:30 May 1986 2211:In block 3 2185:26 Apr 1986 2158:19 May 1986 2131:21 May 1986 2040:17 May 1986 1984:11 May 1986 1963:13 Jun 1986 1912:13 Jun 1986 1884:20 May 1986 1862:13 May 1986 1836:26 Jul 1986 1750:31 Jul 1986 1728:17 May 1986 1678:In block 3 1651:12 May 1986 1604:14 May 1986 1553:28 May 1986 1504:11 May 1986 1476:26 Apr 1986 1441:8 Jan 2005 1402:26 May 1986 1372:13 May 1986 1245:13 Dec 1995 1198:19 May 1986 1176:15 Mar 2017 1123:13 Oct 2021 1095:14 May 1986 1026:20 May 1986 978:11 May 1986 846:Kyiv Oblast 628:August 2013 570:skin grafts 558:gamma burns 470:'s debris. 401:August 2013 107:August 2013 99:introducing 4572:Categories 4237:Red Forest 3912:2022-08-18 3737:2020-01-12 3683:2020-02-24 3386:2023-04-07 3361:2023-04-07 3293:1106080716 2959:2023-06-24 2713:References 2686:depression 2294:2 Dec 2004 2073:labor camp 1693:7 May 1986 1303:labor camp 1140:labor camp 915:dosimeters 776:footnoting 653:explosions 554:beta burns 539:level 12.5 537:and 4, on 535:reactors 3 495:manometers 315:cavitating 271:deaerators 82:references 46:improve it 4457:Chernobyl 4357:Slavutych 4223:Opachychi 4200:Chernobyl 4178:Locations 3956:714883874 3948:0936-6555 3428:cite news 3411:Ukrinform 3355:Ex Utopia 3227:0262-4079 3188:1818-2127 3148:CRC Press 3028:Beast.pdf 2514:in 2006. 2395:in 2006. 2355:in 2006. 1711:first aid 1449:Chernobyl 1349:Chernobyl 1217:G. A. Dik 860:Chernobyl 735:Politburo 660:dosimetry 599:does not 445:roentgens 439:was cut. 372:does not 149:summarize 52:talk page 4541:Category 4513:Samosely 4281:Aravichy 3964:21330117 3886:22 March 3864:22 March 3838:22 March 3816:22 March 3794:22 March 3761:22 March 3710:22 March 3677:Archived 3657:22 March 3635:22 March 3600:22 March 3561:22 March 3528:22 March 3483:22 March 3180:Energize 2767:Archived 2696:See also 2616:COVID-19 2611:Pravik's 2584:leukemia 1945:Pravik's 1457:Pravik's 772:citation 678:linoleum 664:graphite 574:leukemia 341:15 274:damage. 258:engineer 165:May 2019 4297:Pripyat 4230:Poliske 4216:Kopachi 4013:Effects 3317:July 8, 3127:29 June 2504:Pripyat 2381:Pripyat 2341:Pripyat 2141:Kharkov 1997:Pripyat 1700:Former 1584:Tomsk-7 1582:Former 1381:Pripyat 1073:Former 853:Pripyat 620:removed 605:sources 503:Pripyat 436:turbine 393:removed 378:sources 95:improve 4470:(2022) 4258:Vilcha 4244:Tarasy 4043:Deaths 3962: 3954: 3946: 3418:15 May 3291: 3281: 3253:27 May 3225: 3186: 3154: 3101:4 June 3064:4 June 3004:4 June 2679:Legacy 961:Notes 909:, and 513:Pravda 293: 285: 84:, but 4265:Yaniv 3195:(PDF) 3176:(PDF) 3034:6 May 3024:(PDF) 2978:(PDF) 2938:(PDF) 2018:1993 1341:2005 1006:SKALA 945:Table 566:blood 343:Grays 4555:List 3960:PMID 3952:OCLC 3944:ISSN 3888:2010 3866:2010 3840:2010 3818:2010 3796:2010 3763:2010 3712:2010 3659:2010 3637:2010 3602:2010 3590:Time 3563:2010 3530:2010 3485:2010 3434:link 3420:2019 3319:2010 3289:OCLC 3279:ISBN 3255:2019 3223:ISSN 3184:ISSN 3152:ISBN 3129:2019 3103:2019 3066:2019 3036:2020 3006:2024 2688:and 2090:2017 1814:2017 1136:Kiev 958:Role 952:Name 836:and 774:and 603:any 601:cite 556:and 376:any 374:cite 347:LD50 321:and 194:The 3936:doi 3058:UPI 2389:ARS 2311:ARS 1254:rem 614:by 387:by 221:in 215:MSD 4574:: 3958:. 3950:. 3942:. 3932:23 3930:. 3905:. 3780:. 3746:^ 3729:. 3692:^ 3625:. 3610:^ 3588:. 3571:^ 3538:^ 3493:^ 3442:^ 3430:}} 3426:{{ 3408:. 3395:^ 3378:. 3353:. 3335:. 3287:. 3263:^ 3244:. 3217:. 3203:^ 3178:. 3150:. 3105:. 3092:. 3078:^ 3068:. 3044:^ 3026:. 2997:. 2986:^ 2924:^ 2914:. 2885:^ 2829:^ 2792:^ 2765:. 2753:^ 2692:. 2622:. 2586:. 2004:. 1519:. 905:, 893:. 867:, 562:Sv 55:. 3997:e 3990:t 3983:v 3966:. 3938:: 3915:. 3890:. 3868:. 3842:. 3820:. 3798:. 3765:. 3740:. 3714:. 3686:. 3661:. 3639:. 3604:. 3565:. 3532:. 3487:. 3436:) 3422:. 3389:. 3364:. 3321:. 3295:. 3257:. 3229:. 3160:. 3131:. 3038:. 3008:. 2918:. 1453:) 1353:) 863:( 797:) 791:( 786:) 782:( 778:. 768:. 641:) 635:( 630:) 626:( 622:. 608:. 414:) 408:( 403:) 399:( 395:. 381:. 185:) 179:( 167:) 163:( 153:. 120:) 114:( 109:) 105:( 91:. 62:) 58:( 20:.

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