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you." The baptism seems to represent the new stage of life that is beginning. This is one example of the family mentality of the Mafia. It is implied that the Mafia is taking the place of the member's family, of his parents. Further evidence of this mentality can be seen when
Tortora is asked if he would kill his brother for the Mafia. This mentality most likely comes about because members are giving their entire lives to the organization. The oaths themselves talk about the family bond, and we can conjecture that the rules of secrecy represent the family loyalty as well as a sense of self-preservation. Despite rivalries, all mafia families are considered related. Even between groups in Sicily and New York City, there is a sense of brotherhood.
344:'s 1983 autobiography he stated that neither he nor his family participated in the drug trade, calling it a "filthy business." These rules are often broken, as evidenced by the FBI, and it has been questioned whether this rule was ever enforced, or if it is simply a myth. Regardless, in more recent times there is little support for any abstinence from drug rackets on the part of the mafia. In New York City, the five crime families had a monopoly on the drug trade.
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530:. Zummo played a major role in the ceremony and named others at a higher level in the organization on the recording. A Brooklyn court official later said, "The recording of a secret induction ceremony is an extraordinary achievement for law enforcement and deals a significant blow to La Cosa Nostra." The recording also led to the arrest of 13 mobsters in November 2017, including Domenico Violi of the
227:. In Buscetta's testimony, he said that when his finger was pricked, the blood was transferred to a picture of a saint, which was then burned. Buscetta then swore that if he disobeyed the rules, "my flesh would burn like this saint." A variation on this oath is "As burns this saint, so will burn my soul. I enter alive and I will have to get out dead."
51:
officiating member. A few drops of blood are spilled on a card bearing the likeness of a saint, the card is set on fire, and finally, while the card is passed rapidly from hand to hand to avoid burns, the novice takes an oath of loyalty to the Mafia family. This may have been inspired by the oral legends of initiation rituals of the
Sicilian sect
149:. Valachi's was a high-profile case, and helped convince the country of the existence of the organization in the United States called the Cosa Nostra, also known as the Mafia. He provided the FBI with firsthand information about the inside of the Mafia, including one of the first ever descriptions of the induction ceremony.
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was convicted of narcotics violations in 1959 and sentenced to 15 years in prison. Valachi's motivations for becoming an informer had been the subject of some debate: Valachi claimed to be testifying as a public service and to expose a powerful criminal organization that he had blamed for ruining his
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Introductions were very particularly laid out. People not of the Mafia were introduced as "a friend of mine." Members were referred to as "a friend of ours." Never were they allowed to say who they were in an introduction, except in particular circumstances. When introduced, members no longer follow
218:
During the
Patriarca crime family's induction of 1989 that was taped by the FBI, several other details were discovered. Before the inductee Tortora took the oath, he was told that he would be baptized. "You were baptized when you were a baby, your parents did it. But now, this time, we gonna baptize
314:
Buscetta also related how he was instructed about the "appropriate manner" to act. He said he was told to "be silent, not to look at other men's wives or women, not to steal and especially, at all times when I was called, I had to rush, leaving whatever I was doing." The penalty for breaking these
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I sit down at the table. There is wine. Someone put a gun and a knife in front of me. The gun was a .38 and the knife was what we call a dagger. Maranzano motions us up and we say some words in
Italian. Then Joe Bonanno pricks my finger with a pin and squeezes until the blood comes out. What then
174:
had an extended courtship before he finally consented to join. He was eventually swayed by the argument of
Mafioso Bobby Doyle, who said that a solo career of crime was much more dangerous. Doyle said to Valachi, "Join us and you will be made. You will earn money and you are not to steal anymore."
222:
In another variation in
Valachi's description in the 1989 induction recording, inductee Flamaro specifically had his trigger finger pricked—which affirms that there is symbolism in the gesture. After this, a compadre/buddy was chosen for him, and, unlike other ceremonies described, no mention was
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The typical sequence of the ceremony according to several distinct descriptions has common features. First, the new recruit is led into the presence of other members and presented by a member. The association is explained, including its basic rules, then his finger is pricked with a needle by the
506:
The FBI surveillance of this ceremony was the tail-end of a five-year investigation of the crime families in the area, which resulted in a host of indictments and arrests. Among those indicted were
Patriarca, Jr., DiGiacomo, Russo, Tortora, Ferrara, Carrozza, and Guglielmetti, all of whom were
307:
was inducted to the mafia in 1947, and swore an oath similar to
Valachi. Three rules were given to him: "You must never betray any of the secrets of this Cosa Nostra. You must never violate the wife or children of another member. You must never become involved with narcotics."
120:
was invited to take part in a secret meeting of the
Fratuzzi. I entered a mysterious room where there were many men armed with guns sitting around a table. In the center of the table there was a skull drawn on a piece of paper and a knife. To be admitted to the
432:
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4. Be a stand-up guy. Keep your eyes and ears open and your mouth shut. Don't sell out. ... The 'stand-up guy' shows courage and 'heart.' He does not whine or complain in the face of adversity, including punishment, because 'If you can't pay, don't play.'
817:
Neuffer, Elizabeth, and John
Ellement. "Indictments aimed at mob net Patriarca, 20 others; Use of electronic surveillance aids federal probers in N.E. rackets case." The Boston Globe 27 Mar. 1990, City Edition ed., Metro/Region sec. LexisNexis.
480:, the FBI taped an initiation ceremony of New England's Patriarca crime family. There had been some controversy surrounding this bugging, given that the warrant for the 'roaming bug' used to tape the ceremony was given on false information.
231:, inducted in 1947, described the Capo pricking his finger and saying, "This drop of blood symbolizes your birth into our family, we are one until death." The ceremony is finished with a kiss administered to both cheeks of the new mafiosi.
499:, from the Providence, Rhode Island area. Inductees included Robert DeLuca, Vincent Federico, Carmen Tortora, and Richard Floramo. Another newspaper article states that there were 17 Mafiosi present, including the then-current boss,
468:, operations, and rituals; aided in the solution of several unsolved murders; and named many members and the major crime families. The trial exposed American organized crime to the world through Valachi's televised testimony.
331:
emphasized the severity of OmertĂ when he said, "It's no hope, no Jesus, no Madonna, nobody can help us if we ever give up this secret to anybody, any kinds of friends of mine, let's say. This thing cannot be exposed."
1906:
43:. The ceremony involves significant ritual, oaths, blood, and an agreement is made to follow the rules of the Mafia as presented to the inductee. The first known account of the ceremony dates back to 1877 in
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altered longstanding parts in the induction ritual, abolishing the use of a gun, a knife and a burning holy card when "making" new members of his family as "he did not feel it was necessary", according to
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948:"The rat who started it all; For 40 years, Joe Valachi has been in a Lewiston cemetery, a quiet end for the mobster who blew the lid off 'Cosa Nostra' when he testified before Congress in 1963"
141:, the membership books to become a made man in the mob were closed in 1957 and were not reopened until 1976. The first known account of the ritual in the United States was provided in 1963 by
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ordered the DeCavalcante family to repeat their inductions of "made" members because they had failed to follow the rules during the original ceremonies and thus he considered them invalid.
108:, a popular social movement of democratic and socialist inspiration, which arose in Sicily in the early 1890s. To give the movement teeth and protect himself from harm, Verro joined the
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FBI Boston Mafia specialist Thomas A. Hughes speculated that the Patriarca crime family lost honor and favor as a result of the sacred ceremony being taped under their watch.
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The ceremony is a dinner or a meeting. Several people may be inducted at once. When inducted, "... they are 'made' or 'baptized' or 'get their badges.'" Other terms used are
129:
Soon after Verro broke with the Mafia and, according to police reports, became their most bitter enemy. He was killed by the Mafia in 1915 when he was the mayor of Corleone.
125:, had to undergo an initiation consisting of some trials of loyalty and the pricking of the lower lip with the tip of the knife: the blood from the wound soaked the skull.
234:
In the past, it was said that to complete the induction process, the potential member was to kill someone, though the practice seems to have died out for the most part.
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Things had been getting difficult for Valachi in terms of frequent arrests and other consequences of his lifestyle, and he acknowledged the logic of Doyle's argument.
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In the Patriarca ceremony, Joseph Russo also explained that you do not mess around with sisters, wives, or girlfriends, unless you have "honorable" intentions.
1101:
Hammel, Lee. "An induction ritual or mafia slaughter?; Former Worchester FBI head testifies." Telegram & Gazette 30 July 1998, News sec. LexisNexis. Web.
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170:, he was asked what he did to get into the Cosa Nostra. He answered, "I didn't make out any application to become a member—I was called, I was invited."
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Chandler, David L. Brothers In Blood: The Rise of the Criminal Brotherhoods. Toronto and Vancouver: Clarke, Irwin & Company Limited, 1975. Print.
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Rules about drugs are reiterated in many accounts, where it is detailed that members must abstain from both using and selling drugs of any kind. In
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happens, Mr. Maranzano says, 'This blood means that we are now one Family. You live by the gun and the knife and you die by the gun and the knife.'
682:
274:
The Mafia Code is remarkably similar to that of not only other crime organizations and societies, but also to that present in American prisons.
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Mafia actually existed, the first time a member had acknowledged its existence in public. Valachi's testimony was the first major violation of
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996:
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Mahony, Edmund. "FBI tapes reveal secrets of Mafia initiation rites." The Ottawa Citizen 5 July 1991, Final Edition ed., News sec. Web.
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boss of the family who cooperated with the government. As per testimony from another DeCavalcante mobster-turned-government witness,
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2. Be rational. Be a member of the team. Don't engage in battle if you can't win. ... The directive extends to personal life.
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Although Valachi's disclosures never led directly to the prosecution of any Mafia leaders, he provided many details of the
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Valachi was inducted with three others. There were about 40 members present, so the new initiates could "meet the family."
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418:
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Ianni, Francis A. J., and Elizabeth Reuss-Ianni. A Family Business. New York City: Russell Sage Foundation, 1972. Print.
1112:"Members and Associates of Gambino and Bonanno Organized Crime Families Arrested in Coordinated U.S.-Canadian Takedown"
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Humphreys, Adrian. "Book unveils a mafia induction ceremony." Vancouver Sun 19 Nov. 2004, News sec. LexisNexis. Web.
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1. Be loyal to members of the organization. Do not interfere with each other's interest. Do not be an informer. ...
1148:"Hamilton trafficking convictions tied to rare Mafia initiation ceremony secretly videotaped by a police informant"
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2141:
2020:
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894:
The Everything Mafia Book: True-life accounts of legendary figures, infamous crime families, and nefarious deeds
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327:, the oath of silence. It is a frequently broken rule, as seen by FBI informants, but also punishable by death.
116:. In a memoir written many years later, he describes the initiation ritual he underwent in the spring of 1893:
391:
511:, Louis Failla, and John E. Farrell. Information from the ceremony was used in the case against the Mafiosi.
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Joseph Russo, who conducted parts of the ceremony; capo Biagio DiGiacomo, who administered the oaths; capos
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handlers, Valachi came forward with a story of Genovese giving him a kiss on the cheek, which he took as a "
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2010:
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Harris, Johnathan. Super Mafia: Organized Crime Threatens America. New York: Julian Messner, 1984. Print.
1167:"'Congratulations': Undercover agent inducted into Mafia in secret ceremony captured on video by police"
526:, was involved in the induction ceremony of an undercover police agent, which was secretly recorded, in
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notes that it is basically the same as the thieves code, which he outlines as having five basic parts:
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present at the ceremony. Additional big names of those that were indicted are Antonio L. Spagnola,
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for a murder, which he had committed in 1962 while in prison for his narcotics violation.
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81:, an early Mafia-type organisation. Other early accounts were during a trial against the
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The Mafia solicits specific people for membership—one cannot just choose to join up. In
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to acknowledge its existence publicly, and is credited with popularization of the term
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had issued an order to kill him. Valachi and Genovese were both serving sentences for
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Jerry Capeci. (2002) "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia", Alpha Books. p. 200.
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the tradition of kissing, because it attracted too much attention from authorities.
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life, but it is also possible he was hoping for government protection as part of a
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3. Be a man of honor. Respect womanhood and your elders. Don't rock the boat. ...
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Valachi murdered a man in prison who feared that mob boss and fellow prisoner
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394:. On 22 June 1962, using a pipe left near some construction work, Valachi
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One source details that the members involved in this ceremony were the
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One of the first life accounts of an initiation ceremony was given by
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Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia
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258:, when the DeCavalcante family later came under the control of the
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In November 2015, Damiano Zummo, a reputed acting captain in the
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A Family Business; kinship and social control in organized crime
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44:
683:"Admitted Member of Mafia Tells of Oath and Deadly Punishment"
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5. Have class. Be independent. Know your way around the world.
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Valachi gave the most well-known description of the ceremony:
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The first known account of the ceremony dates back to 1877 in
224:
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55:, popularized in 1909 by the William Galt serialized novel
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Ianni, Francis A. J., & Elizabeth Reuss-Ianni (1972).
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451:, breaking his blood oath. He was the first member of the
1130:"Cocaine Sold From NYC Gelato Shop in Mafia Scheme: Feds"
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or Cosa Nostra (both the original Sicilian Mafia or the
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The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection
1199:"FBI releases transcript of mafia initiation ceremony"
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145:, who was initiated in 1930, in his testimony at the
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417:Soon after, Valachi decided to co-operate with the
1261:Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style
680:
503:, and other high-ranking officials in the family.
1765:List of Italian-American mobsters by organization
1088:. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 135–136.
891:
748:
641:"Five Mafia Families Open Rosters to New Members"
414:for Valachi's death had been placed by Genovese.
2348:
1185:"Feds: Case includes recording of mob induction"
1092:
780:Remade men; Gotti ordered do-over mob inductions
960:
862:
495:, and Charles Quintina (all from Boston); and
437:U.S. Senate Committee on Government Operations
1299:
896:. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media. pp.
865:Mafia Wiseguys: The Mob That Took on the Feds
588:
586:
584:
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421:. In October 1963, Valachi testified before
35:" – an aspiring member must take part in an
630:, CittĂ Nuova di Corleone, November 3, 2004
398:to death an inmate who he had mistaken for
16:Ceremony become a full member of the Mafia
1313:
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1247:. New York City: Russell Sage Foundation,
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828:
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538:, Canada, who was named underboss of the
433:Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
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923:"Valachi To Tell Of Gang War For Power"
681:Lubasch, Arnold H. (October 30, 1985).
157:
132:
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1165:Humphreys, Adrian (10 November 2017).
1141:
1139:
821:
568:
31:") – to become a "man of honor" or a "
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1264:, New York: Oxford University Press
1233:. London: Harvard University Press.
1083:
921:Kelly, G. Milton (October 1, 1963).
611:
1136:
950:. buffalonews.com. October 9, 2011.
471:
362:Valachi and the McClellan Committee
13:
1146:Edwards, Peter (4 December 2018).
1077:
14:
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1760:List of Italian-American mobsters
1062:. August 16, 1963. Archived from
517:
2333:
2332:
961:Adam Bernstein (June 14, 2006).
347:
2142:Italian-American National Union
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1016:
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963:"Lawyer William G. Hundley, 80"
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867:. New York: SPI Books. p.
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621:Verro, Una vita contro la mafia
323:The most important rule is the
223:made of burning a picture of a
178:
2282:Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
633:
1:
545:
375:in which he was sentenced to
335:
248:Vincent "Vinny Ocean" Palermo
27:offshoot often known as the "
1326:List of Mafia crime families
62:
7:
2011:Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan
1593:(Northeastern Pennsylvania)
834:"History of La Cosa Nostra"
356:
237:After becoming boss of the
152:
10:
2383:
1221:
1029:""The Smell of It" - TIME"
997:"Killers in Prison - TIME"
892:Dietche, Scott M. (2009).
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1972:
1945:
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1632:(Little Italy, Manhattan)
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792:January 21, 2023, at the
767:January 21, 2023, at the
318:
239:DeCavalcante crime family
2231:Operation Family Secrets
2162:National Crime Syndicate
1872:Atlantic City Conference
1227:Gambetta, Diego (1993).
299:
269:
77:in an account about the
2127:East Harlem Purple Gang
1996:Colacurcio Organization
1280:by Alexandra V. Orlova)
1258:Paoli, Letizia (2003).
863:Rudolf, Robert (1993).
476:On 29 October 1989, in
419:U.S. Justice Department
241:in New Jersey in 1962,
2076:Velentzas Organization
2046:Philadelphia Greek Mob
1959:Mafia Commission Trial
1953:Pizza Connection Trial
1543:10th & Oregon Crew
1458:Greenwich Village Crew
1315:Italian-American Mafia
607:Revolutionary Mafiosi.
501:Raymond Patriarca, Jr.
478:Medford, Massachusetts
453:Italian-American Mafia
297:
213:
168:Pizza Connection Trial
127:
2031:Musitano crime family
1803:Black Hand in Chicago
1533:Angiulo's Boston crew
1525:(Northern New Jersey)
1276:by Klaus Von Lampe) (
1084:Raab, Selwyn (2005).
988:"Killers in Prison",
280:
208:
166:'s testimony for the
118:
93:(Little Brothers) in
71:in an article in the
2246:Operation Underworld
2236:Operation Old Bridge
2167:New Springville Boys
2051:Rizzuto crime family
2041:Papalia crime family
2026:Luppino crime family
2016:Inzerillo Mafia clan
2006:Cotroni crime family
1890:Palermo Mafia summit
1382:New Springville Boys
1026:, October 11, 1963.
788:(November 19, 2004)
540:Buffalo crime family
532:Luppino crime family
524:Bonanno crime family
497:Matthew Guglielmetti
466:history of the Mafia
439:, also known as the
260:Gambino crime family
158:Choosing new members
133:In the United States
19:To become member of
2308:Buster from Chicago
2272:Hired Truck Program
2251:Operation Wasteland
2177:South Brooklyn Boys
2152:Marat Balagula gang
1936:Castellammarese War
1468:Springfield faction
1022:"The Smell of It",
994:, October 4, 1963.
968:The Washington Post
443:, stating that the
137:As a result of the
74:Giornale di Sicilia
41:initiation ceremony
2287:Rochester bombings
2172:Rudaj Organization
2147:Maceo Organization
2102:Bumpy Johnson gang
2097:Bugs and Meyer Mob
2056:Sacra Corona Unita
1907:Kefauver Committee
1553:Midwestern/Western
1493:New Jersey faction
1463:New Jersey faction
1377:Motion Lounge crew
1331:Mafia bibliography
1205:. 13 November 2017
1118:. 9 November 2017.
927:Warsaw Times-Union
757:Matthew Yglesias,
687:The New York Times
646:The New York Times
626:2014-01-12 at the
594:The Sicilian Mafia
576:Mafia Brotherhoods
563:The Sicilian Mafia
493:Vincent M. Ferrara
489:Robert F. Carrozza
392:heroin trafficking
147:McClellan hearings
104:, a leader of the
2344:
2343:
2326:
2325:
2267:French Connection
2205:
2204:
2122:Dutch Schultz Mob
1968:
1967:
1930:Mafia–Camorra War
1884:Apalachin meeting
1878:Havana Conference
1853:
1852:
1783:Initiation ritual
1685:
1684:
1506:
1505:
1448:116th Street Crew
907:978-1-59869-779-7
878:978-1-56171-195-6
755:Proper Inductions
649:. March 21, 1976.
542:in October 2017.
536:Hamilton, Ontario
429:John L. McClellan
377:life imprisonment
366:Genovese soldier
139:Apalachin meeting
85:(Brotherhood) in
37:initiation ritual
2374:
2367:Rites of passage
2336:
2335:
2296:Related articles
2241:Operation Solare
2214:
2213:
2197:Winter Hill Gang
2132:Five Points Gang
2107:New York Camorra
2001:Commisso 'ndrina
1981:
1980:
1913:Valachi hearings
1862:
1861:
1819:(boss of bosses)
1697:Chain of command
1694:
1693:
1626:(Italian Harlem)
1488:Brooklyn faction
1358:
1357:
1346:
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1203:Evening Standard
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1044:
1042:
1040:
1031:. Archived from
1020:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
999:. Archived from
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
958:
952:
951:
944:
938:
937:
935:
933:
918:
912:
911:
889:
883:
882:
860:
854:
844:
838:
837:
830:
819:
815:
796:
782:Carl Campanile,
777:
771:
763:(June 10, 2007)
752:
746:
743:
734:
731:
716:
713:
707:
704:
691:
690:
678:
665:
662:
651:
650:
637:
631:
619:
615:
609:
603:
597:
590:
579:
572:
566:
559:
472:Patriarca family
445:Italian-American
441:Valachi hearings
400:Joseph DiPalermo
329:Biagio DiGiacomo
315:laws was death.
243:Sam DeCavalcante
201:straightened out
189:a friend of ours
164:Tommaso Buscetta
102:Bernardino Verro
25:Italian-American
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2322:
2291:
2277:Lufthansa heist
2255:
2218:
2201:
2182:Tanglewood Boys
2112:The Corporation
2080:
1976:
1974:
1973:Closely related
1964:
1941:
1918:
1895:
1849:
1769:
1742:
1681:
1579:
1548:
1531:(New England) (
1502:
1498:Tanglewood Boys
1472:
1432:
1428:Ozone Park Boys
1407:
1391:
1372:Calabrian group
1353:
1335:
1317:
1312:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1163:
1159:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1116:www.justice.gov
1110:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1038:
1036:
1035:on May 16, 2009
1027:
1021:
1017:
1006:
1004:
1003:on May 16, 2009
995:
987:
983:
973:
971:
959:
955:
946:
945:
941:
931:
929:
919:
915:
908:
890:
886:
879:
861:
857:
845:
841:
832:
831:
822:
816:
799:
794:Wayback Machine
778:
774:
769:Wayback Machine
753:
749:
744:
737:
732:
719:
714:
710:
705:
694:
679:
668:
663:
654:
639:
638:
634:
628:Wayback Machine
617:
616:
612:
604:
600:
591:
582:
573:
569:
560:
553:
548:
520:
509:Nicholas Bianco
474:
410:." A $ 100,000
379:instead of the
364:
359:
350:
338:
321:
305:Jimmy Fratianno
302:
272:
262:, Gambino boss
256:Anthony Rotondo
229:Jimmy Fratianno
181:
160:
155:
135:
106:Fasci Siciliani
89:(1884) and the
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2380:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2362:Sicilian Mafia
2359:
2357:American Mafia
2342:
2341:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
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2238:
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2228:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:Forty-Two Gang
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2061:Sicilian Mafia
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1978:
1975:and affiliated
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1924:
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1919:
1917:
1916:
1910:
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1762:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1743:
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1740:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:The Commission
1700:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1620:(Philadelphia)
1615:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1585:
1584:Mostly defunct
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
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1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1423:Baltimore Crew
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1387:Sicilian group
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1355:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1288:
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1256:
1241:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1190:
1176:
1157:
1135:
1121:
1103:
1091:
1076:
1047:
1015:
981:
953:
939:
913:
906:
884:
877:
855:
839:
820:
797:
772:
747:
735:
717:
708:
692:
666:
652:
632:
610:
598:
580:
567:
550:
549:
547:
544:
519:
518:Bonanno family
516:
473:
470:
363:
360:
358:
355:
349:
346:
337:
334:
320:
317:
301:
298:
276:Donald Cressey
271:
268:
180:
177:
159:
156:
154:
151:
134:
131:
64:
61:
29:American Mafia
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2379:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Barrel murder
2301:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
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2229:
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2215:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
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2140:
2138:
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2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Siderno Group
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:organizations
1971:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1823:Mustache Pete
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:Capo dei capi
1813:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
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1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:San Francisco
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
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1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1354:New York City
1351:
1350:Five Families
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:0-19-515724-9
1267:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1253:0-87154-396-6
1250:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:0-674-80742-1
1236:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1171:National Post
1168:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1086:Five Families
1080:
1066:on 2009-05-14
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:"Their Thing"
1051:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1002:
998:
993:
992:
985:
970:
969:
964:
957:
949:
943:
928:
924:
917:
909:
903:
899:
895:
888:
880:
874:
870:
866:
859:
853:
852:0-02-864225-2
849:
843:
835:
829:
827:
825:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
795:
791:
787:
786:
785:New York Post
781:
776:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
751:
742:
740:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
712:
703:
701:
699:
697:
688:
684:
677:
675:
673:
671:
661:
659:
657:
648:
647:
642:
636:
629:
625:
622:
614:
608:
602:
595:
589:
587:
585:
577:
571:
564:
558:
556:
551:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
515:
512:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
469:
467:
462:
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
408:kiss of death
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Vito Genovese
384:
382:
381:death penalty
378:
374:
369:
354:
348:Introductions
345:
343:
333:
330:
326:
316:
312:
309:
306:
296:
293:
289:
286:
283:
279:
277:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
240:
235:
232:
230:
226:
220:
216:
212:
207:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
173:
169:
165:
150:
148:
144:
140:
130:
126:
124:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:Stuppagghiari
76:
75:
70:
60:
58:
57:I Beati Paoli
54:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2313:Cement shoes
2210:Other topics
2187:Unione Corse
2157:Murder, Inc.
2092:Broadway Mob
2021:Jewish Mafia
1840:Sixth Family
1835:One-way ride
1827:
1814:
1782:
1748:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1539:Philadelphia
1523:DeCavalcante
1477:
1453:Broadway Mob
1437:
1412:
1396:
1361:
1259:
1244:
1228:
1207:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1179:
1170:
1160:
1151:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1085:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:the original
1059:
1050:
1037:. Retrieved
1033:the original
1023:
1018:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
989:
984:
972:. Retrieved
966:
956:
942:
930:. Retrieved
926:
916:
893:
887:
864:
858:
842:
783:
775:
760:The Atlantic
758:
750:
711:
686:
644:
635:
618:(in Italian)
613:
606:
601:
596:, pp. 262-70
593:
575:
570:
565:, pp. 146-53
562:
521:
513:
505:
482:
475:
463:
456:
416:
385:
373:plea bargain
365:
351:
339:
322:
313:
310:
303:
294:
290:
287:
284:
281:
273:
251:
250:, a onetime
236:
233:
221:
217:
214:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
182:
179:Descriptions
161:
136:
128:
122:
119:
109:
99:
90:
82:
72:
66:
56:
49:
40:
36:
18:
2318:Shotgun Man
2117:The Council
2036:'Ndrangheta
1961:(1985–1986)
1955:(1985–1987)
1938:(1929–1931)
1932:(1914–1917)
1909:(1950–1951)
1720:Consigliere
1676:Trafficante
1636:New Orleans
1575:Los Angeles
1570:Kansas City
1152:thestar.com
578:, pp. 67-69
485:consiglieri
458:cosa nostra
368:Joe Valachi
342:Joe Bonanno
193:good fellow
172:Joe Valachi
143:Joe Valachi
83:Fratellanza
53:Beati Paoli
2351:Categories
2219:operations
2217:Government
1798:Black Hand
1727:Caporegime
1646:Pittsburgh
1511:East Coast
1209:6 December
1070:2019-02-27
1039:January 5,
1007:January 5,
836:. fbi.gov.
592:Gambetta,
561:Gambetta,
546:References
396:bludgeoned
336:Drug trade
264:John Gotti
1747:Members (
1739:Associate
1714:Underboss
1690:Structure
1671:St. Louis
1651:Rochester
1641:Milwaukee
1614:(Chicago)
1597:Cleveland
1529:Patriarca
197:one of us
87:Agrigento
63:In Sicily
21:the Mafia
2338:Category
1900:Hearings
1865:Meetings
1810:Vendetta
1788:Made man
1750:made men
1666:San Jose
1656:Rockford
1630:D'Aquila
1618:Lanzetta
1602:Colorado
1591:Bufalino
1479:Lucchese
1439:Genovese
1341:Families
974:June 21,
790:Archived
765:Archived
624:Archived
605:Alcorn,
423:Arkansas
357:Exposure
252:de facto
185:wiseguys
153:Ceremony
123:Fratuzzi
114:Corleone
110:Fratuzzi
97:(1889).
95:Bagheria
91:Fratuzzi
69:Monreale
33:made man
2192:Westies
2085:Defunct
1991:Camorra
1734:Soldato
1678:(Tampa)
1624:Morello
1565:Detroit
1560:Chicago
1518:Buffalo
1414:Gambino
1405:Colombo
1398:Colombo
1363:Bonanno
1222:Sources
898:188–189
574:Paoli,
435:of the
426:Senator
2260:Crimes
2071:Stidda
1984:Active
1946:Trials
1915:(1963)
1892:(1957)
1886:(1957)
1880:(1946)
1874:(1929)
1858:Events
1829:OmertĂ
1793:Bagman
1607:Dallas
1278:Review
1274:Review
1268:
1251:
1237:
932:28 May
904:
875:
850:
528:Canada
449:omertĂ
412:bounty
325:OmertĂ
319:OmertĂ
199:, and
45:Sicily
1775:Terms
1612:Genna
300:Women
270:Rules
225:saint
1923:Wars
1845:Zips
1709:Boss
1266:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1211:2017
1060:Time
1041:2020
1024:Time
1009:2020
991:Time
976:2015
934:2012
902:ISBN
873:ISBN
848:ISBN
818:Web.
534:in
431:'s
404:FBI
112:in
39:or
2353::
1352:of
1201:.
1169:.
1150:.
1138:^
1114:.
1094:^
1058:.
965:.
925:.
900:.
871:.
869:41
823:^
800:^
738:^
720:^
695:^
685:.
669:^
655:^
643:.
583:^
554:^
491:,
461:.
203:.
195:,
191:,
187:,
59:.
47:.
1753:)
1545:)
1541:(
1535:)
1307:e
1300:t
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