135:. It is incumbent upon the therapist in the treatment to quickly establish a therapeutic alliance with positive countertransference of warmth, empathy, affective attunement and positive regard for encouraging a positive transferential relationship, from which the patient is able to seek help from the therapist despite resistance. It is primarily used as a short-term therapy completed in 12–16 weeks, but it has also been used as a maintenance therapy for patients with recurrent depression. A shorter, 6-week therapy suited to
77:
affects. Unlike CBT, IPT makes no attempt to uncover distorted thoughts systematically by giving homework or other assignments, nor does it help the patient develop alternative thought patterns through prescribed practice. Rather, as evidence arises during the course of therapy, the therapist calls attention to distorted thinking in relation to significant others. The goal is to change the relationship pattern rather than associated depressive cognitions, which are acknowledged as depressive symptoms.
206:
develop more adaptive methods for dealing with the interpersonal issues associated with the onset or maintenance of their depression. IPT-A is typically a 12- to 16-week treatment. Although the treatment involves primarily individual sessions with the teenager, parents are asked to participate in a few sessions to receive education about
183:
IPT for children is based on the premise that depression occurs in the context of an individual's relationships regardless of its origins in biology or genetics. More specifically, depression affects people's relationships and these relationships further affect our mood. The IPT model identifies four
201:
The IPT therapist helps identify areas in need of skill-building to improve the client's relationships and decrease the depressive symptoms. Over time, the client learns to link changes in mood to events occurring in his/her relationships, communicate feelings and expectations for the relationships,
205:
IPT has been adapted for the treatment of depressed adolescents (IPT-A) to address developmental issues most common to teenagers such as separation from parents, development of romantic relationships, and initial experience with death of a relative or friend. IPT-A helps the adolescent identify and
76:
IPT was influenced by CBT as well as psychodynamic approaches. It takes its structure from CBT in that it is time-limited, employs structured interviews and assessment tools. In general, however, IPT focuses directly on affects, or feelings, whereas CBT focuses on cognitions with strong associated
30:
that centers on resolving interpersonal problems and symptomatic recovery. It is an empirically supported treatment (EST) that follows a highly structured and time-limited approach and is intended to be completed within 12–16 weeks. IPT is based on the principle that relationships and life events
96:
is also influenced in a lesser role to emphasis on qualitative impact of social support networks for recovery. Unlike psychodynamic approaches, IPT does not include a personality theory or attempt to conceptualize or treat personality but focuses on humanistic applications of interpersonal
67:
and colleagues to test the efficacy of an antidepressant with and without psychotherapy as maintenance treatment of depression. IPT has been studied in many research protocols since its development. NIMH-TDCRP demonstrated the efficacy of IPT as a maintenance treatment and delineated some
118:
The aim of IPT is to help the patient to improve interpersonal and intrapersonal communication skills within relationships and to develop social support network with realistic expectations to deal with the crises precipitated in distress and to weather 'interpersonal storms'.
218:
IPT has been used as a psychotherapy for depressed elderly, with its emphasis on addressing interpersonally relevant problems. IPT appears especially well suited to the life changes that many people experience in their later years.
968:
Zhou, Xinyu; Hetrick, Sarah E.; Cuijpers, Pim; Qin, Bin; Barth, Jürgen; Whittington, Craig J.; Cohen, David; Del
Giovane, Cinzia; Liu, Yiyun; Michael, Kurt D.; Zhang, Yuqing; Weisz, John R.; Xie, Peng (2015).
489:
603:
Weissman, MM; Prusoff, BA; Dimascio, A; Neu, C; Goklaney, M; Klerman, GL (1979). "The efficacy of drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of acute depressive episodes".
47:. IPT is an empirically validated intervention for depressive disorders, and is more effective when used in combination with psychiatric medications. Along with
210:, to address any relationship difficulties that may be occurring between the adolescent and his/her parents, and to help support the adolescent's treatment.
568:
Klerman, Gerald L.; Dimascio, Alberto; Weissman, Myrna; Prusoff, Brigitte; Paykel, Eugene S. (1974). "Treatment of
Depression by Drugs and Psychotherapy".
971:"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis"
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Kiesler, Donald J.; Watkins, Lucy M. (1989). "Interpersonal complementarity and the therapeutic alliance: A study of relationship in psychotherapy".
437:
Tsai, Alexander C.; Barth, Jürgen; Munder, Thomas; Gerger, Heike; Nüesch, Eveline; Trelle, Sven; Znoj, Hansjörg; Jüni, Peter; Cuijpers, Pim (2013).
104:, forms the basis for understanding patients' relationship difficulties, attachment schema and optimal functioning when attachment needs are met.
127:
It has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for depression and has been modified to treat other psychiatric disorders such as
1124:
388:
Cuijpers, Pim; Geraedts, Anna S.; van Oppen, Patricia; Andersson, Gerhard; Markowitz, John C.; van
Straten, Annemieke (2011).
1154:
1060:
937:
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Weissman, Myrna M.; Prusoff, Brigitte A.; Dimascio, Alberto; Neu, Carlos; Goklaney, Mahesh; Klerman, Gerald L. (1979-04-01).
59:
Originally named "high contact" therapy, IPT was first developed in 1969 at Yale
University as part of a study designed by
93:
776:
Bartholomew, Kim; Horowitz, Leonard M. (1991). "Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model".
892:
Judd, F.; Weissman, M.; Davis, J.; Hodgins, G.; Piterman, L. (2004). "Interpersonal counselling in general practice".
745:
712:
439:"Comparative Efficacy of Seven Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Patients with Depression: A Network Meta-Analysis"
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Elkin, Irene (1989). "National
Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program".
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276:
89:
48:
1111:
Hinrichsen, Gregory A. (1999). "Treating older adults with interpersonal psychotherapy for depression".
51:(CBT), IPT is recommended in treatment guidelines as a psychosocial treatment of choice for depression.
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326:
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conflict in significant relationships, including a client's relationship with his or her own self;
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Kiesler, DJ (1979). "An interpersonal communication analysis of relationship in psychotherapy".
161:
128:
925:
142:
Interpersonal psychotherapy has been found to be an effective treatment for the following:
85:
298:
Cuijpers, Pim; Donker, Tara; Weissman, Myrna M.; Ravitz, Paula; Cristea, Ioana A. (2016).
8:
651:
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Mufson, L. (1999). "Efficacy of
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents".
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970:
545:
520:
465:
438:
414:
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351:"The Efficacy of Drugs and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Acute Depressive Episodes"
300:"Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Mental Health Problems: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis"
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114:) lead to or evoke difficulty in their here-and-now interpersonal relationships.
110:, describes the ways in which patients' maladaptive metacommunication patterns (
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64:
60:
36:
32:
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1167:
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Hall, Judith A.; Andrzejewski, Susan A. (2009). "Interpersonal
Sensitivity".
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difficulties adapting to changes in relationships or life circumstances; and
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Cornes, CL; Frank, E (1994). "Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression".
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settings called
Interpersonal counselling (IPC) has been derived from IPT.
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general areas in which a person may be having relationship difficulties:
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10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199908)55:8<949::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-S
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Low to high
Affiliation & Inclusion and dominant to submissive Status
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impact mood and that the reverse is also true. It was developed by
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and problem-solve solutions to difficulties in the relationships.
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Weissman, M. M., Markowitz, J. C., & Klerman, G. L. (2000).
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The interpersonal, cognitive, and social nature of depression
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390:"Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression: A Meta-Analysis"
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297:
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Although originally developed as an individual therapy for
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348:
1049:
Handbook of
Comparative Interventions for Adult Disorders
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Brown, George William; Harris, Tirril O. (January 1989).
891:
672:
234:
521:"Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Past, Present and Future"
967:
675:
Clinician's Quick Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy
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Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis
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775:
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689:Comprehensive Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy
241:The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research
237:"Is IPT time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy?"
43:in the 1970s and has since been adapted for other
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673:Weissman, MM; Markowitz, JC; Klerman, GL (2007).
518:
1165:
727:
490:"A Brief History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy"
235:Markowitz, JC; Svartberg, M; Swartz, HA (1998).
924:Weissman, Myrna M.; Markowitz, John C. (1998).
519:Markowitz, John C.; Weissman, Myrna M. (2012).
1047:. In Hersen, Michel; Bellack, Alan S. (eds.).
1038:
1036:
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932:. American Psychiatric Press. pp. 1–33.
80:The content of IPT's therapy was inspired by
926:"An Overview of Interpersonal Psychotherapy"
778:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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197:difficulties stemming from social isolation.
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327:1871.1/e5f03ebe-ef61-42c8-af16-0a6e951d6d92
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957:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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525:Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
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176:, IPT has been modified for use with
677:. New York: Oxford University Press.
652:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110013002
188:grief after the loss of a loved one;
730:Encyclopedia of Human Relationships
13:
1145:Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry
605:The American Journal of Psychiatry
488:Weissman, Myrna M. (August 2006).
14:
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26:) is a brief, attachment-focused
16:Attachment-focused psychotherapy
1141:Sullivan, Harry Stack (1968) .
1104:
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928:. In Markowitz, John C. (ed.).
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1113:Journal of Clinical Psychology
1078:Archives of General Psychiatry
852:10.1080/00332747.1979.11024034
640:Archives of General Psychiatry
570:American Journal of Psychiatry
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394:American Journal of Psychiatry
355:American Journal of Psychiatry
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304:American Journal of Psychiatry
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277:"Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)"
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953:Joiner; et al. (2006).
506:10.3928/00485713-20060801-03
456:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001454
90:Interpersonal psychoanalysis
49:cognitive behavioral therapy
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930:Interpersonal Psychotherapy
894:Australian Family Physician
617:10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555
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738:10.4135/9781412958479.n291
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1090:10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.573
1043:Swartz, Holly A. (1999).
875:The Clinical Psychologist
157:Major depressive disorder
1021:. StillPoint Counseling
704:Life Events and Illness
129:substance use disorders
279:. Nightingale Hospital
162:Post-partum depression
68:contributing factors.
1174:Psychotherapy by type
1019:"The Trauma Response"
582:10.1176/ajp.131.2.186
123:Clinical applications
108:Interpersonal Theory
86:Harry Stack Sullivan
1051:. Wiley. pp.
761:Prochaska (1984).
707:. Guilford Press.
494:Psychiatric Annals
180:and older adults.
1156:978-0-393-00138-9
1062:978-0-471-16342-8
987:10.1002/wps.20217
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