527:
536:
554:
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supine position and in extreme cases there have been burials discovered at Padina, Vlasac and
Lepenski Vir with crossed legs, which suggests that the bodies were buried in graves too small for them. Secondary inhumations involves the burial of separate body parts prior to the body being decomposed. There were many examples of this technique in the Iron Gates, with the secondary burial of crania and jawbones being widespread. Instances of collective burial has been observed at some sites within this region as well as evidence of cremation, however there is only one site (Vlasac) in the Iron Gates that provides this evidence of cremation.
372:
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563:
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581:
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51:
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330:, which predominated in other European hunter-gatherers as well. Where a finer classification was possible, the R was specifically R1b1a-L754 (not belonging to subclade R1b1a1a-P297), and the I belonged to I2a-L460. In 2022 studies was considered that the Southeastern European Hunter Gatherers, represented by the Iron Gates HGs, were separated from the Central and Western European HGs "since ~ 20 thousand years ago".
265:, especially during the early Holocene period (around 7,600 cal BC) where the people living in caves and rock shelters, began to leave to settle in more permanent communities by the Danube River. This almost coincides with the shift from Early to Middle Mesolithic, however some historians regard this event as the true beginning of the Mesolithic, and that beforehand was the ‘
400:
animal and human skulls, antlers, tools and body ornaments. However, some of the bone objects found in burials can't be considered burial goods, due to the Iron Gates
Mesolithic people's often burying people in areas previously used for other burials and settlement. The most notable object found in burials are marine shells and carp
526:
269:’. This shift from a more nomadic lifestyle to a permanent settlement, caused the people of this area to depend more on the river for food, which can be seen through an increased amount of nitrogen isotopes in the bodies from this period as well as an increased representation of fish in art, sculptures and decorations.
211:
discovery of over 50 caves and other sites in this area, which together with more excavations lead to many discoveries of ancient artefacts, burial sites and art. The study of these findings, through scientific methods such as carbon dating and isotope analysis, revealed that they date back to the
Mesolithic and Early
535:
457:
The people of the Iron Gates
Mesolithic have been found to wear decorative adornments sewn onto their clothes. The adornments consisted of shells, animal teeth and bones, and antler. Shells from local aquatic life such as snails and molluscs, were sewn on clothes by putting a small hole in the shell.
240:
Many special artefacts have been found in this area. These include decorated objects, such as tools made from stone, bone and antlers with decorations and stone artefacts (ornamental boulders, altars and sculptures). Major discoveries of the area include various sites and towns, most notably
Lepenski
210:
During the 1960s to the 1980s the
Yugoslav and Romanian governments constructed two hydroelectric dams along the Danube River. The first dam (Iron Gates I) was constructed between 1964 and 1971, and the second (Iron Gates II) between 1977 and 1984. Archaeological survey during this period led to the
170:
The people who inhabited the Iron Gates area during this period of time have been surmised, through archaeological discoveries, to have lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, living off food they gather from land or from the Danube River. Varying burial practices have also been observed by these people.
440:
The Iron Gates
Mesolithic excavations have revealed several examples of ornamental boulders, sculptures and altars. The Lepenski Vir site shows many of these examples, with these artworks made from course grained sandstone pebbles and rocks, revealing carvings of heads, shells and several recurring
367:
Like many hunter-gatherer societies, winter provided challenges with food availability. The solution for this in the Iron Gates was the domestication of large amounts of dogs, which were eaten when food was low. This was seen by the many dog bones found with scorch marks and butchery marks on them.
343:
The diet of the people of the Iron Gates
Mesolithic relied heavily upon the Danube River, which was a key element of the life of these people. The regular findings of fish bones in the Iron Gates, combined with the increased nitrogen isotopes when compared to other communities in Europe, reveal the
257:
The chronology of the Iron Gates
Mesolithic is a bit contentious due to discrepancies in use of terminology and dates produced by carbon-dating and isotope analysis. However, based on more modern radiocarbon dates, the Mesolithic period in the Iron Gates region last from approximately 13,000 cal BC
466:
Technology in the
Mesolithic era of the Iron Gates region consisted mostly of various tools and weapons made from bone, red-deer antlers and boar tusks. Tools dated to the Late Mesolithic included hoes, awls, arrowheads, and scrapers all of which were made from the materials mentioned above. Bones
423:
The hearths discovered at these locations generally consisted of a rectangular frame and a border made from large stones, however not all hearths had this border. Some of these hearths were found surrounded by traces of floors and thus some hearths in these towns were inside houses while some were
387:
In the case of primary inhumations, similar to modern-day burials, a majority of the Iron Gate burials consisted of the person being in a supine position, with their hands laying on their sides or on their chest. There are other cases in which various limbs are flexed while the body remains in the
399:
Most burials in the Iron Gates Mesolithic are hard to determine due to no observable characters on the surface, however some burials are below low stone mounds or encircled by large stones. The people of the Iron Gates have sometimes been found to have objects with them in their graves, including
285:
included an analysis of a large number of individuals from the Iron Gates Mesolithic (from Lepenski Vir, Ajmana, Hajdučka Vodenica, Padina, Velešnica, Vlasac in Serbia and Cuina Turcului, Icoana, Ostrovul Corbului, Schela Cladovei in Romania) dating from 9500 BC to 5500 BC. They were most closely
231:
and stable isotope analysis from soil samples and human remains from burial sites, have led archaeologists to more accurately find what time period these people lived in and the genetics of the people who resided in the Iron Gates Mesolithic. An example of which is the use of isotopic analysis of
736:
Jovanović, Jelena; Power, Robert C.; de Becdelièvre, Camille; Goude, Gwenaëlle; Stefanović, Sofija (January 2021). "Microbotanical evidence for the spread of cereal use during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the Southeastern Europe (Danube Gorges): Data from dental calculus analysis".
487:
Relationships with these other communities wasn't always peaceful, as bodies found in graves in some locations have been found to have died from arrow wounds and broken bones, such as skull fractures, which suggest that there was occasional violence in the area between different communities.
363:
were hunted for meat. Other animals were also hunted for their fur or feathers, however from the Romanian-British excavations at these sites, it was discovered that fish bones still outnumbered the bones from these other animals suggesting that this was a large part of their diet.
416:. Buildings in Lepenski Vir, one of the largest Mesolithic towns in the Iron Gates, were of a trapezoidal shape and had floors of plaster, which were also seen in other Mesolithic towns such as Schela Cladovei and Vlasac. The houses discovered at these sites were generally small
475:
Evidence from burials and artefacts have revealed that the people inhabiting the Iron Gates Mesolithic did have contact with other groups. Evidence of trade or some sort of exchange is seen through the presence of marine shells which are found in the
226:
Improvements in archaeological techniques have led to increasingly accurate findings and more information of the location and people who inhabited the Iron Gates during the Mesolithic period. Methods such as
458:
Beads and pendants made from bone and antler have been found with buried skeletons, as well as pharyngeal teeth from fish and red-deer canines, which were sewn onto cloth and leather and thus worn.
186:
and construction techniques. Lepenski Vir consists of one large settlement with around 10 satellite villages. Numerous piscine sculptures and peculiar architecture have been found at the site.
218:
Most of the sites discovered during the time the dams were being built are now submerged underwater due to those respective dams, however since the 90s new excavations have been recommenced.
344:
people's dependence on the marine life for food. The Danube River contained many different fish during this Mesolithic period, including sturgeon, however the most common fish consumed were
359:
Despite this, a wide variety of animals were also consumed, deduced by animal remains in the towns of the Iron Gates, revealing that large herbivores such as red and roe deers, pigs and
241:
Vir, which is an Iron Gates settlement containing several trapezoidal building and has revealed a lot of information on the settlements in the area since the excavation of the town.
1004:
711:
Boroneanț, Adina; Bonsall, Clive (2012). "Burial practices in the Iron Gates Mesolithic". In Kogălniceanu, Raluca; Curcă, Roxana-Gabriela; Gligor, Mihai; Stratton, Susan (eds.).
445:, fishbone and plaits. The most prominent carvings on these ornamental sculptures and alters, was the heads consisting of eyebrows, eyes, ears, noses and mouths and containing
384:
Several different types of burials have been seen at various sites in the Iron Gates including primary and secondary inhumation, collective burials, and cremation.
1031:
713:
HOMINES, FUNERA, ASTRA: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Funerary Anthropology, 5-8 June 2011, '1 Decembrie 1918' University (Alba Iulia, Romania)
961:
Vitezović, Selena (2021). "Antlers in the material culture of the Iron Gates Mesolithic". In Borić, Dušan; Antonović, Dragana; Mihailović, Bojana (eds.).
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1507:
782:"Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Evidence of Dietary Change from the Mesolithic to the Middle Ages in the Iron Gates: New Results from Lepenski Vir"
3265:
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1228:
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2730:
182:
6300–6000 BCE have been described as "the first city in Europe", due to its permanency, organisation, as well as the sophistication of its
3372:
3367:
3053:
2504:
872:
412:
Various examples of architecture have been discovered in the Iron Gates Mesolithic sites, most notably various remains of houses and
449:
influences, shown from the scales some of these sculptures had, supporting the importance of the Danube River on these cultures.
3362:
970:
942:
720:
1500:
299:
17:
2631:
1537:
319:
2838:
2725:
1352:
926:
Bonsall, Clive; Radovanović, Ivana; Roksandic, Mirjana; Cook, Gordon T.; Higham, Thomas; Pickard, Catriona (2008).
3250:
2641:
1679:
1493:
1057:
2863:
2393:
1653:
1201:
900:
1721:
1153:
European Association of Archaeologists. “The Iron Gates Mesolithic – a case of hunter-gatherer complexity?”
1059:
Palaeogenomic and Biostatistical Analysis of Ancient DNA Data from Mesolithic and Neolithic Skeletal Remains
30:
This article is about a Mesolithic culture of the Balkans. For Iron Age cultures of Romania and Serbia, see
2858:
2398:
1871:
1547:
1824:
1343:
307:
303:
261:
From the Mesolithic sites observed, it has been discerned that the hunter-gatherer sites show increasing
553:
3126:
2927:
2932:
2747:
132:
258:
to 6,000 cal BC. This is then split into three stages called the Early, Middle and Late Mesolithic.
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2213:
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562:
371:
249:
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2280:
232:
nitrogen and sulphur to determine the diets of the people in comparison to other parts of Europe.
3238:
3148:
2320:
2087:
1906:
1839:
1571:
639:"Further notes on Mesolithic-Neolithic contacts in the Iron Gates Region and the Central Balkans"
599:
291:
287:
1328:
Aurelian I. Rusu, "Lepenski Vir – Schela Cladovei culture's chronology and its interpretation",
3326:
3200:
2806:
2697:
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1961:
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1532:
1516:
148:
3065:
3001:
2875:
2568:
2494:
2268:
2263:
2201:
2140:
2077:
2025:
2018:
1564:
927:
2450:
1269:
Vitezović, Selena (January 2011). "The Mesolithic bone industry from Kula, eastern Serbia".
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3023:
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2482:
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2179:
1864:
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1243:
793:
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and antlers would be shaped, carved and rounded into points for various weapons and tools.
327:
323:
315:
311:
1834:
356:(catfish), due to their year-round presence in the river compared to other seasonal fish.
8:
3321:
2986:
2791:
2624:
2157:
2030:
1911:
1886:
1066:
278:
1452:
1247:
797:
780:
Bonsall, C; Cook, G T; Hedges, R E M; Higham, T F G; Pickard, C; Radovanović, I (2004).
750:
614:
3272:
3175:
3077:
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2072:
1802:
1768:
1469:
1430:
1412:
1379:
1366:
1206:
1131:
905:
762:
228:
38:
1175:"Stone and Osseous Adornments in the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic of the Iron Gates"
3314:
3304:
3294:
3243:
2900:
2818:
2112:
2097:
2082:
2062:
1953:
1932:
1743:
1586:
1474:
1417:
1370:
1210:
966:
938:
909:
766:
716:
609:
1313:
Hristivoje Pavlović, "Tajne Lepenskog Vira IV - Zapanjujuća veština obrade kamena",
1227:
Mărgărit, Monica; Radu, Valentin; Boroneanț, Adina; Bonsall, Clive (December 2018).
1135:
1120:
3309:
3216:
2959:
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2542:
2462:
2418:
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2040:
1891:
1851:
1464:
1456:
1435:
1407:
1397:
1356:
1278:
1251:
1196:
1186:
1121:"The Romanian Mesolithic and the transition to farming. A case study:the Iron Gate"
895:
887:
811:
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754:
686:
650:
401:
282:
31:
2801:
2757:
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2828:
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2681:
2651:
2516:
2511:
2162:
2045:
1616:
1444:
891:
266:
3299:
3226:
3048:
3013:
2944:
2833:
2705:
2413:
1998:
1988:
1809:
1790:
1402:
1384:
1361:
1338:
594:
1255:
1158:
806:
781:
758:
3356:
3185:
3170:
3116:
3094:
2991:
2979:
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2764:
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2607:
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2583:
2295:
2206:
2135:
1876:
1819:
1797:
1706:
1638:
1633:
1611:
484:
seas, which most likely wasn't gathered by the Iron Gates people themselves.
346:
122:
1726:
395:
Example of a pit house thought to be used in the Iron Gates during this time
179:
3104:
3060:
3041:
2996:
2796:
2720:
2477:
2472:
2428:
2055:
1937:
1901:
1881:
1733:
1711:
1623:
1478:
1421:
1282:
1229:"Experimental studies of personal ornaments from the Iron Gates Mesolithic"
1191:
1174:
477:
352:
198:
183:
175:
156:
112:
3153:
1339:"Was the Fishing Village of Lepenski Vir Built by Europe's First Farmers?"
306:, typical of European hunter-gatherers, but they also carried haplogroups
3143:
3133:
3089:
3084:
3036:
2974:
2937:
2910:
2811:
2781:
2656:
2578:
2499:
2487:
2248:
2233:
2223:
2194:
2152:
2067:
2035:
1983:
1916:
1753:
1628:
1485:
580:
571:
544:
517:
508:
499:
432:
1460:
3287:
3180:
3138:
2954:
2917:
2880:
2776:
2363:
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2003:
1976:
1896:
1694:
1648:
1559:
1527:
1393:
481:
152:
145:
92:
78:
816:
3195:
2964:
2949:
2547:
2532:
2457:
2440:
2358:
2243:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2092:
1971:
1859:
1785:
1552:
1542:
873:"The Iron Gates Mesolithic — a brief overview of recent developments"
691:
674:
655:
638:
446:
417:
295:
262:
212:
107:
1306:
Hristivoje Pavlović, "Tajne Lepenskog Vira I - Prvi grad u Evropi",
50:
2969:
2905:
2752:
2710:
2445:
2353:
2228:
2050:
2013:
1993:
604:
391:
3031:
2823:
2769:
2715:
2537:
2343:
2253:
2107:
2008:
1966:
1829:
1748:
1701:
1689:
735:
442:
375:
Example of burial in which the person was found with crossed legs
360:
194:
160:
675:"Mesolithic fish and fishermen of the Lower Danube (Iron Gates)"
3099:
2636:
2614:
2467:
2403:
2348:
1738:
1716:
1684:
1658:
925:
413:
164:
82:
3165:
2885:
2619:
2573:
2435:
2290:
2238:
1814:
1780:
1226:
3111:
3072:
2552:
2408:
2338:
2258:
2130:
1643:
1173:
Margarit, Monica; Boroneant, Adina; Bonsall, Clive (2021).
178:. Despite a foraging economy, stages at this site dated at
1029:
928:"Dating burial practices and architecture at Lepenski Vir"
2423:
2189:
2147:
1324:
Ann Arbor, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1996.
1172:
1078:
1076:
151:
dated to between 13,000 and 6,000 years cal BCE, in the
779:
174:
Major sites within this archaeological complex include
1073:
1380:"The genomic origins of the world's first farmers"
1118:
1088:
965:. Serbian Archaeologic Society. pp. 520–525.
1202:20.500.11820/dc60b543-54d7-4bfc-a21b-e45ab43da311
1100:
901:20.500.11820/0b5f4c12-67d0-436b-958d-f411707f4290
3354:
870:
710:
935:The Iron Gates in Prehistory: New perspectives
235:
1501:
253:Pottery and other artefacts from Lepenski Vir
1431:"The Genomic History of Southeastern Europe"
205:
1236:Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
1159:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpaUqvgEOEA
1157:, presented by Clive Bonsall, 2 Oct. 2018,
1119:Alexandru, Dinu; Boroneanţ, Vasile (2005).
636:
290:, but with some additional affinity toward
1515:
1508:
1494:
49:
1468:
1428:
1411:
1401:
1360:
1268:
1200:
1190:
1082:
1055:
960:
899:
871:Bonsall, Clive; Boroneant, Adina (2018).
815:
805:
690:
654:
470:
833:
431:
390:
370:
248:
221:
193:
1002:
824:
637:Radovanović, Ivana (31 December 2006).
14:
3355:
1377:
1222:
1220:
1094:
2679:
2318:
1584:
1489:
1429:Mathieson, Iain (February 21, 2018).
1336:
1168:
1166:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1106:
1025:
1023:
1021:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
956:
954:
921:
919:
2680:
1032:"Lepenski Vir - Archaeological Site"
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
706:
704:
702:
673:Dinu, Alexandru (31 December 2010).
672:
668:
666:
632:
630:
277:A 2017 doctoral thesis published by
1303:, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
1217:
1067:Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
404:beads, which were worn on clothes.
379:
24:
3373:Archaeological cultures in Romania
1299:Geoff Bailey & Penny Spikins,
1163:
1142:
1018:
1005:"The Mesolithic of the Iron Gates"
979:
951:
937:. Archaeopress. pp. 175–204.
916:
436:Sculpture with abstract engravings
272:
25:
3384:
3368:Archaeological cultures in Serbia
2632:Megalithic architectural elements
1337:Brami, Maxime (11 October 2022).
851:
739:Journal of Archaeological Science
699:
663:
627:
292:Eastern European hunter-gatherers
288:Western European hunter-gatherers
27:Mesolithic archaeological culture
2319:
1030:Archaeological Sites of Serbia.
830:Pavlović, 20 August 2017, p. 20.
715:. Archaeopress. pp. 45–56.
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
534:
525:
516:
507:
498:
3251:Evolutionary origin of religion
1353:Springer Science+Business Media
1293:
1262:
1112:
1049:
407:
842:
773:
729:
189:
13:
1:
3363:Mesolithic cultures of Europe
2864:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2394:British megalith architecture
461:
2859:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2399:Nordic megalith architecture
1378:Marchi, Nina (12 May 2022).
1317:(in Serbian) 23 August 2017.
1310:(in Serbian), 20 August 2017
892:10.1016/j.anthro.2018.03.003
620:
281:and 2018 study published in
7:
1344:Journal of World Prehistory
588:
452:
296:Anatolian Neolithic farmers
236:Major Artefacts/Discoveries
10:
3389:
3007:British Isles and Brittany
2928:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
1403:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.008
1362:10.1007/s10963-022-09169-9
1322:The Iron Gates Mesolithic
1056:Hofmanová, Zuzana (2017).
491:
333:
244:
36:
29:
3209:
3022:
2849:
2696:
2692:
2675:
2561:
2525:
2374:
2331:
2327:
2314:
2121:
1952:
1925:
1850:
1776:
1767:
1672:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1523:
1256:10.1007/s12520-017-0522-5
1036:Google Arts & Culture
839:Pavlović, 23 August 2017.
807:10.1017/S0033822200039606
759:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105288
610:Khvalynsk#Archaeogenetics
206:Survey and Site Discovery
133:First Temperate Neolithic
128:
118:
106:
98:
88:
74:
57:
48:
3239:Evolutionary musicology
2642:Oldest extant buildings
2569:Archaeological features
2088:Prepared-core technique
1003:Bonsall, Clive (2009).
679:Documenta Praehistorica
643:Documenta Praehistorica
615:Samara culture#Genetics
600:Zvejnieki burial ground
338:
314:, and a single case of
3201:Unchambered long cairn
3049:Mound Builders culture
2382:Neolithic architecture
1517:Prehistoric technology
1283:10.3828/bfarm.2011.3.2
1192:10.1515/opar-2020-0168
595:Motala#Archaeogenetics
471:External relationships
437:
427:
396:
376:
254:
202:
149:archaeological culture
2876:List of Stone Age art
2078:Microblade technology
2026:Langdale axe industry
1624:Ard / plough
435:
394:
374:
252:
222:Methods and Practices
197:
142:Iron Gates Mesolithic
44:Iron Gates Mesolithic
3283:Prehistoric medicine
3278:Prehistoric counting
3261:Prehistoric religion
3256:Paleolithic religion
3234:Behavioral modernity
2591:Causewayed enclosure
2483:Abri de la Madeleine
1607:Neolithic Revolution
1128:Studii de Preistorie
963:Foraging Assemblages
320:paternal haplogroups
298:. Their most common
67:Lepenski Vir culture
3322:Prehistoric warfare
2068:Magdalenian culture
2031:Levallois technique
1962:Earliest toolmaking
1461:10.1038/nature25778
1453:2018Natur.555..197M
1320:Ivana Radovanović,
1248:2018ArAnS..10.2095M
798:2004Radcb..46..293B
751:2021JArSc.125j5288J
300:maternal haplogroup
279:University of Mainz
45:
3273:Origin of language
3266:Spiritual drug use
3176:Rectangular dolmen
3078:Dartmoor kistvaens
2891:Carved stone balls
2603:Circular enclosure
2562:Other architecture
2505:Alp pile dwellings
2093:Solutrean industry
2004:Gravettian culture
1654:Secondary products
438:
397:
377:
255:
203:
75:Geographical range
64:Iron Gates culture
43:
39:Prehistoric Europe
18:Iron Gates culture
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3295:Prehistoric music
3244:music archaeology
2901:Cup and ring mark
2726:Clothing/textiles
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2113:Yubetsu technique
2098:Striking platform
2063:Lithic technology
1948:
1947:
1933:Game drive system
1852:Projectile points
1744:Mortar and pestle
1301:Mesolithic Europe
1012:Mesolithic Europe
972:978-86-80094-14-4
944:978-1-4073-0373-4
722:978-1-4073-1008-4
138:
137:
58:Alternative names
16:(Redirected from
3380:
3310:Divje Babe flute
3217:Archaeoastronomy
2960:Petrosomatoglyph
2694:
2693:
2677:
2676:
2526:Water management
2329:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2219:Denticulate tool
2041:Lithic reduction
1774:
1773:
1595:
1594:
1582:
1581:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1374:
1364:
1287:
1286:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1242:(8): 2095–2122.
1233:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1179:Open Archaeology
1170:
1161:
1151:
1140:
1139:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1027:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1000:
977:
976:
958:
949:
948:
932:
923:
914:
913:
903:
877:
868:
849:
846:
840:
837:
831:
828:
822:
821:
819:
809:
777:
771:
770:
733:
727:
726:
708:
697:
696:
694:
692:10.4312/dp.37.26
670:
661:
660:
658:
656:10.4312/dp.33.12
634:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
538:
529:
520:
511:
502:
402:pharyngeal teeth
380:Burial Practices
53:
46:
42:
32:Iron Age Balkans
21:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3338:
3205:
3191:Stone box grave
3161:Megalithic tomb
3066:Cotswold-Severn
3018:
2923:Guardian stones
2851:Prehistoric art
2845:
2688:
2663:
2652:Timber trackway
2557:
2521:
2517:Wattle and daub
2370:
2349:Standing stones
2323:
2302:
2117:
1944:
1921:
1846:
1763:
1673:Food processing
1668:
1617:New World crops
1589:
1576:
1519:
1514:
1445:Nature Research
1296:
1291:
1290:
1267:
1263:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1171:
1164:
1152:
1143:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1007:
1001:
980:
973:
959:
952:
945:
930:
924:
917:
880:L'Anthropologie
875:
869:
852:
847:
843:
838:
834:
829:
825:
778:
774:
734:
730:
723:
709:
700:
671:
664:
635:
628:
623:
591:
584:
575:
566:
557:
548:
539:
530:
521:
512:
503:
494:
473:
464:
455:
441:motifs such as
430:
410:
382:
347:Cyprinus carpio
341:
336:
275:
273:Archaeogenetics
267:Epipalaeolithic
247:
238:
224:
208:
192:
102:13,000–6000 BCE
70:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:Alligator drum
3292:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3227:lunar calendar
3224:
3213:
3211:
3210:Other cultural
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3014:Venus figurine
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Megalithic art
2942:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2898:
2896:Cave paintings
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2698:Material goods
2690:
2689:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2414:Cliff dwelling
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Fire hardening
1996:
1991:
1989:Clovis culture
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1912:Manis Mastodon
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1791:throwing stick
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1603:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1426:
1375:
1334:
1333:, VI. 1, 2011.
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1271:Before Farming
1261:
1216:
1162:
1141:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1083:Mathieson 2018
1072:
1048:
1017:
978:
971:
950:
943:
915:
886:(2): 264–280.
850:
841:
832:
823:
792:(1): 293–300.
772:
728:
721:
698:
662:
625:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
590:
587:
586:
585:
578:
576:
569:
567:
560:
558:
551:
549:
542:
540:
533:
531:
524:
522:
515:
513:
506:
504:
497:
493:
490:
472:
469:
463:
460:
454:
451:
429:
426:
409:
406:
381:
378:
353:Silurus glanis
340:
337:
335:
332:
274:
271:
246:
243:
237:
234:
223:
220:
207:
204:
191:
188:
155:region of the
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
76:
72:
71:
69:
68:
65:
61:
59:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Simple dolmen
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Passage grave
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:Gallery grave
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3032:Burial mounds
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Statue menhir
2990:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2980:Stone carving
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Sewing needle
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2647:Timber circle
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2596:Tor enclosure
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:fulacht fiadh
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:spear-thrower
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1798:Bow and arrow
1796:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Grinding slab
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:Domestication
1637:
1635:
1634:Digging stick
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:Founder crops
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:New Stone Age
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1396:: 1842–1859.
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
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1340:
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1332:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1006:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
974:
968:
964:
957:
955:
946:
940:
936:
929:
922:
920:
911:
907:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
845:
836:
827:
818:
813:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
776:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
732:
724:
718:
714:
707:
705:
703:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
667:
657:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
631:
626:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
582:
577:
573:
568:
564:
559:
555:
550:
546:
541:
537:
532:
528:
523:
519:
514:
510:
505:
501:
496:
495:
489:
485:
483:
479:
468:
459:
450:
448:
444:
434:
425:
421:
419:
415:
405:
403:
393:
389:
385:
373:
369:
365:
362:
357:
355:
354:
349:
348:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
280:
270:
268:
264:
259:
251:
242:
233:
230:
229:carbon dating
219:
216:
214:
200:
196:
187:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
134:
131:
127:
124:
123:Epigravettian
121:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
83:Danube Valley
80:
77:
73:
66:
63:
62:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
33:
19:
3127:wedge-shaped
3112:Funeral pyre
3105:Great dolmen
3061:Chamber tomb
3042:Round barrow
2997:Stone circle
2869:Blombos Cave
2797:Grooved ware
2721:Chalcolithic
2625:Thornborough
2543:Flush toilet
2478:Blombos Cave
2473:Rock shelter
2429:Quiggly hole
2321:Architecture
2296:illustration
1938:Buffalo jump
1759:Storage pits
1722:Aşıklı Höyük
1712:Ground stone
1548:Subdivisions
1440:
1434:
1389:
1383:
1348:
1342:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1294:Bibliography
1274:
1270:
1264:
1239:
1235:
1182:
1178:
1154:
1130:(3): 41–76.
1127:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1058:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1011:
962:
934:
883:
879:
844:
835:
826:
789:
785:
775:
742:
738:
731:
712:
682:
678:
646:
642:
486:
474:
465:
456:
439:
422:
411:
408:Architecture
398:
386:
383:
366:
358:
351:
345:
342:
276:
260:
256:
239:
225:
217:
209:
199:Lepenski Vir
184:architecture
176:Lepenski Vir
173:
169:
159:, in modern
157:Danube River
141:
139:
113:Lepenski Vir
3149:unchambered
3144:Long barrow
3134:Grave goods
3090:Court cairn
3085:Clava cairn
3037:Bowl barrow
2975:Rock cupule
2918:Golden hats
2911:Hill figure
2812:Unstan ware
2792:Cord-marked
2657:Sweet Track
2579:Burnt mound
2500:Stilt house
2488:Sibudu Cave
2281:Tally stick
2249:Quern-stone
2234:Hammerstone
2224:Fire plough
2195:Pesse canoe
2153:Bannerstone
2123:Other tools
2036:Lithic core
1984:Aurignacian
1872:Bare Island
1754:Quern-stone
1447:: 197–203.
1355:: 109–133.
1277:(3): 1–21.
1185:: 779–797.
1095:Marchi 2022
848:Rusu, 2011.
786:Radiocarbon
685:: 299–310.
649:: 107–124.
350:(carp) and
286:related to
190:Archaeology
129:Followed by
119:Preceded by
3357:Categories
3288:trepanning
3181:Ring cairn
3139:Jar burial
3122:transepted
3054:U.S. sites
2955:Petroglyph
2881:Bird stone
2839:wine press
2512:Stone roof
2495:Roundhouse
2387:long house
2364:Stonehenge
2332:Ceremonial
2276:Stone tool
2103:Tool stone
2073:Metallurgy
1977:Mousterian
1954:Toolmaking
1892:Cumberland
1865:Transverse
1835:Schöningen
1727:Qesem cave
1695:Earth oven
1649:Irrigation
1560:Technology
1528:Prehistory
1394:Cell Press
1330:Acta Musei
1107:Brami 2022
1014:: 238–279.
817:1808/16275
745:: 105288.
462:Technology
418:pit houses
153:Iron Gates
146:Mesolithic
93:Mesolithic
79:Iron Gates
37:See also:
3332:symbolism
3196:Tor cairn
3154:Grønsalen
3095:Cremation
2987:Sculpture
2965:Pictogram
2950:Petroform
2770:amber use
2738:Cosmetics
2548:Reservoir
2533:Check dam
2463:Pueblitos
2458:Pit-house
2441:Longhouse
2375:Dwellings
2244:Microlith
2175:Bow drill
2170:Bone tool
2163:prismatic
1972:Acheulean
1887:Cresswell
1860:Arrowhead
1786:Boomerang
1702:Granaries
1664:Terracing
1543:Stone Age
1371:250267547
1211:236535158
910:134581624
767:229390381
621:Footnotes
447:Ichthyoid
424:outside.
263:sedentism
215:periods.
213:Neolithic
108:Type site
2970:Rock art
2933:painting
2906:Geoglyph
2731:timeline
2711:Beadwork
2451:Mehrgarh
2446:Mudbrick
2354:megalith
2229:Fire-saw
2051:debitage
2046:analysis
2014:Hand axe
1994:Cupstone
1572:Glossary
1533:Timeline
1479:29466330
1443:(7695).
1422:35561686
1315:Politika
1308:Politika
1136:54653822
605:Deriivka
589:See also
478:Adriatic
453:Clothing
443:meanders
318:. Their
3327:Symbols
2938:pigment
2824:Weaving
2787:Cardium
2782:Pottery
2777:Mirrors
2765:Jewelry
2706:Baskets
2686:culture
2538:Cistern
2344:Pyramid
2286:Weapons
2264:Scraper
2254:Racloir
2214:Cleaver
2202:Chopper
2108:Uniface
2019:Grooves
2009:Hafting
1967:Oldowan
1926:Systems
1877:Cascade
1840:woomera
1830:harpoon
1803:history
1769:Hunting
1749:Pottery
1690:Cooking
1599:Farming
1565:history
1538:Outline
1470:6091220
1449:Bibcode
1413:9166250
1244:Bibcode
1155:YouTube
1065:(PhD).
794:Bibcode
747:Bibcode
492:Gallery
414:hearths
361:aurochs
334:Culture
245:History
161:Romania
3305:flutes
3100:Dolmen
3024:Burial
2834:winery
2807:Linear
2637:Midden
2615:Cursus
2608:Goseck
2468:Pueblo
2419:Dugout
2404:Burdei
2083:Mining
1907:Lamoka
1902:Folsom
1882:Clovis
1739:Metate
1717:Hearth
1685:Basket
1659:Sickle
1477:
1467:
1436:Nature
1420:
1410:
1392:(11).
1369:
1209:
1134:
1041:10 May
969:
941:
908:
765:
719:
482:Aegean
283:Nature
201:museum
165:Serbia
89:Period
3222:sites
3166:Mummy
2886:Cairn
2802:Jōmon
2753:shoes
2748:Hides
2620:Henge
2574:Broch
2436:Jacal
2291:Wheel
2239:Knife
2185:Canoe
2180:Burin
2158:Blade
2056:flake
1917:Plano
1825:baton
1815:Spear
1781:Arrow
1734:Manos
1587:Tools
1367:S2CID
1351:(2).
1232:(PDF)
1207:S2CID
1132:S2CID
1124:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
1008:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
906:S2CID
876:(PDF)
763:S2CID
322:were
144:is a
99:Dates
3315:gudi
3073:Cist
3002:list
2829:Wine
2758:Ötzi
2743:Glue
2716:Beds
2684:and
2682:Arts
2553:Well
2409:Cave
2339:Kiva
2269:side
2259:Rope
2207:tool
2141:bone
2131:Adze
1897:Eden
1810:Nets
1680:Fire
1644:Goad
1629:Celt
1475:PMID
1418:PMID
1385:Cell
1275:2011
1043:2022
967:ISBN
939:ISBN
717:ISBN
339:Diet
326:and
302:was
294:and
163:and
140:The
2424:Hut
2359:row
2190:Oar
2148:Axe
2136:Awl
1465:PMC
1457:doi
1441:555
1408:PMC
1398:doi
1390:185
1357:doi
1279:doi
1252:doi
1197:hdl
1187:doi
896:hdl
888:doi
884:122
812:hdl
802:doi
755:doi
743:125
687:doi
651:doi
480:or
428:Art
316:H13
3359::
1473:.
1463:.
1455:.
1439:.
1433:.
1416:.
1406:.
1388:.
1382:.
1365:.
1349:35
1347:.
1341:.
1273:.
1250:.
1240:10
1238:.
1234:.
1219:^
1205:.
1195:.
1181:.
1177:.
1165:^
1144:^
1126:.
1075:^
1034:.
1020:^
1010:.
981:^
953:^
933:.
918:^
904:.
894:.
882:.
878:.
853:^
810:.
800:.
790:46
788:.
784:.
761:.
753:.
741:.
701:^
683:37
681:.
677:.
665:^
647:33
645:.
641:.
629:^
420:.
312:K1
310:,
308:U4
304:U5
180:c.
167:.
81:,
1509:e
1502:t
1495:v
1481:.
1459::
1451::
1424:.
1400::
1373:.
1359::
1285:.
1281::
1258:.
1254::
1246::
1213:.
1199::
1189::
1183:7
1138:.
1109:.
1097:.
1085:.
1069:.
1045:.
975:.
947:.
912:.
898::
890::
820:.
814::
804::
796::
769:.
757::
749::
725:.
695:.
689::
659:.
653::
328:R
324:I
34:.
20:)
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