353:
29:
253:
368:
402:, his initial example being a culture or sub-culture in Scandinavian archaeology, that would not be often called Epipalaeolithic today. This left stone-lined pit graves containing implements of bone, such as harpoon and javelin heads. Stjerna observed that they "persisted during the recent Paleolithic period and also during the Protoneolithic". Here he had used a new term, "Protoneolithic", which was according to him to be applied to the Danish
311:
In the language of
Prehistorical Archaeology, the most extended trend is to use the term "Epipaleolithic" for the industrial complexes of the post-glacial hunter-gatherer groups. Inversely, those that are in transitional ways towards artificial production of food are inscribed in the
329:
or environmental modification" seen in the culture. If the
Palaeolithic way of life continues with only adaptation to reflect changes in the types of wild food available, the culture may be called Epipalaeolithic. One writer, talking of Azilian
316:
In Europe, the
Epipalaeolithic may be regarded as a period preceding the Early Mesolithic, or as locally constituting at least a part of it. Other authors treat the Epipalaeolithic as part of the Late Palaeolithic; the culture in southern
148:
also falls between these two periods, and the two are sometimes confused or used as synonyms. More often, they are distinct, referring to approximately the same period of time in different geographic areas. Epipaleolithic always includes
296:. In the past, French archaeologists had a general tendency to prefer the term "Epipaleolithic" to "Mesolithic", even for Western Europe. Where "Epipaleolithic" is still used for Europe, it is generally for areas close to the
421:
Par époque épipaléolithique j'entends la période qui, pendant les premiers temps qui ont suivi l'âge du Renne, conserve les coutumes paléolithiques. Cette période présente deux étapes en
Scandinavie, celle de Maglemose et de
418:
With
Epipaleolithic I mean the period during the early days that followed the age of the reindeer, the one that retained Paleolithic customs. This period has two stages in Scandinavia, that of Maglemose and that of Kunda.
796:
But in my opinion this term is not justified, as it would be if these phases presented a natural evolutionary development – a progressive transformation from
Paleolithic to Neolithic. In reality, the final phase of the
792:(translated into English in 1924) as part of an attack on the concept of the Mesolithic, which he insisted was a period of "transition" and an "interim" rather than "transformation":
352:
817:
This early history of the term introduced the ambiguity and degree of confusion which has continued to surround its use, at least as relates to the archaeology of Europe.
771:
268:
In describing the period before the start of the
Neolithic, "Epipaleolithic" is typically used for cultures in regions that were far from the glaciers of the
2636:
784:
Stjerna made no mention of the
Mesolithic, and it is unclear if he intended his terms to replace that. His new terms were soon adopted by the German
1275:
347:
3033:
2774:
2370:
2989:
2498:
195:
to 10,000 BP in the Levant, but later in Europe. If used as a synonym or equivalent for
Mesolithic in Europe, it might end at about
1042:
A Handbook of
Archaeology: Cultures and Sites: North Africa, Egypt, Southwest Asia, Mediterranean, Northwest Europe, Northern Europe, ...
2821:
2272:
764:
966:
276:. Conversely, the term "Mesolithic" is most likely to be used for Western Europe where climatic change and the extinction of the
325:". The different usages often reflect the degree of innovation and "economic intensification in the direction of domestication,
757:
1268:
280:
had a great impact of the paleolithic populations at the end of the Ice Age, creating post-glacial cultures such as the
1228:
1214:
1113:
1077:
1053:
2399:
1305:
28:
1153:, p. 12: "... a persisté pendant la période paléolithique récente et même pendant la période protonéolithique."
2606:
2493:
1036:"...there are no sites defining the transition from the Epipalaeolithic Azilian to the Early Mesolithic" – p. 249,
338:
talks of "some exceptions that seem to herald the coming of 'true' Mesolithic technologies a few centuries later".
3018:
2409:
1447:
1261:
205:
In the Levant, the period may be subdivided into Early, Middle and Late Epipaleolithic, the last also being the
1210:
1109:
1073:
1049:
1025:
842:
414:"). This "attached" and non-transitional culture he chose to call the Epipaleolithic, defining it as follows:
2631:
2161:
1421:
321:
between about 10,500 to 8,500 years ago is "variously labelled as 'Terminal Magdalenian' and 'Epipalaeolithic
1489:
2626:
2166:
1639:
307:"Epipalaeolithic" stresses the continuity with the Upper Paleolithic. Alfonso Moure says in this respect:
1315:
272:, so that the retreat of the glaciers made a less dramatic change to conditions. This was the case in the
3145:
1592:
398:, the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic. It was first proposed in 1910 by the Swedish archaeologist,
3140:
2894:
2695:
971:
953:
252:
2700:
2515:
656:
150:
1001:) to emphasize its transitional importance, but the alternative term Epipaleolithic, used mostly in
410:). However, it was not intermediary and of its intermediates he said "we cannot discuss them here" (
3130:
2889:
1981:
1526:
617:
388:
38:
2053:
2048:
3006:
2916:
2088:
1855:
1674:
1607:
1339:
989:, and the period between then and the origins of agriculture (at various times in the 7th to 4th
598:
3094:
2968:
2574:
2465:
2453:
2149:
1890:
1729:
1366:
1300:
1284:
700:
566:
432:
1184:
1117:
993:, depending on location) was one of great environmental and cultural change. It is termed the
636:
394:
The concept of the "Epipalaeolithic" arrived several decades after the main components of the
2833:
2769:
2643:
2336:
2262:
2036:
2031:
1969:
1908:
1845:
1793:
1786:
1332:
1232:
406:. Stjerna also said that the eastern culture "is attached to the Paleolithic civilization" (
97:
2218:
1081:
3099:
3050:
3045:
3028:
3023:
3001:
2791:
2505:
2358:
2250:
2154:
1947:
1632:
1431:
1374:
897:
718:
538:
269:
257:
1602:
1241:(1910). "Les groupes de civilisation en Scandinavie à l'époque des sépultures à galerie".
403:
8:
3150:
3089:
2754:
2559:
2392:
1925:
1798:
1679:
1654:
713:
261:
177:
901:
3040:
2943:
2845:
2658:
1840:
1570:
1536:
926:
885:
687:
520:
173:
348:
Three-age system § The Epipaleolithic and Protoneolithic of Stjerna and Obermaier
3135:
3082:
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3011:
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1865:
1850:
1830:
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1354:
1224:
1206:
1177:
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1069:
1045:
1021:
994:
931:
913:
838:
646:
641:
593:
533:
495:
457:
372:
133:
101:
256:
The Epipaleolithic corresponds to the first period of progressive warming after the
240:
in wooden implements. There are settlements with "flimsy structures", probably not
169:, Epipalaeolithic is used, though not very often, to refer to the early Mesolithic.
3077:
2984:
2727:
2510:
2310:
2230:
2186:
1986:
1808:
1659:
1619:
998:
921:
905:
672:
603:
395:
206:
157:, where Mesolithic is much more commonly used. Mesolithic very rarely includes the
154:
2569:
2525:
1104:(2nd Edition), eds. Eric Delson, Ian Tattersall, et al., p. 236. 2004, Routledge,
2958:
2928:
2690:
2618:
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2554:
2449:
2419:
2284:
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1930:
1813:
1384:
1037:
679:
631:
608:
384:
335:
217:
34:
3067:
2994:
2816:
2781:
2712:
2601:
2473:
2181:
1766:
1756:
1577:
1558:
1002:
985:
The Scandinavian Ice Sheet itself started to retreat northward about 8300
785:
525:
367:
192:
87:
185:
3124:
2953:
2938:
2884:
2862:
2759:
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2414:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2063:
1974:
1903:
1644:
1587:
1565:
1474:
1406:
1401:
1379:
917:
651:
440:
297:
1494:
2872:
2828:
2809:
2764:
2564:
2488:
2245:
2240:
2196:
1823:
1705:
1669:
1649:
1501:
1479:
1391:
1238:
1221:
The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East: Transforming the Human Landscape
935:
802:
692:
580:
575:
511:
399:
289:
285:
2921:
1066:
In Search of the Broad Spectrum Revolution in Paleolithic Southwest Europe
2911:
2901:
2857:
2852:
2804:
2742:
2705:
2678:
2579:
2549:
2424:
2346:
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2016:
2001:
1991:
1962:
1920:
1835:
1803:
1751:
1684:
1521:
1396:
1253:
810:
293:
76:
949:
3055:
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2722:
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2648:
2544:
2131:
2043:
1870:
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1744:
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1416:
1327:
1295:
705:
585:
553:
481:
446:
356:
181:
145:
50:
909:
813:
industries are the posthumous descendants of the Palaeolithic ...
2963:
2732:
2717:
2315:
2300:
2225:
2208:
2126:
2011:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1860:
1739:
1627:
1553:
1320:
1310:
990:
561:
488:
331:
326:
277:
241:
233:
162:
141:
137:
112:
65:
260:. Evolution of temperatures in the Post-Glacial period according to
2737:
2673:
2520:
2478:
2213:
2121:
1996:
1818:
1781:
1761:
744:
623:
469:
376:
318:
229:
2799:
2591:
2537:
2483:
2305:
2111:
2021:
1875:
1776:
1734:
1597:
1516:
1469:
1457:
886:"Mapping Post-Glacial expansions: The Peopling of Southwest Asia"
806:
798:
360:
301:
281:
237:
210:
956:. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
244:
except at some rich sites, but used and returned to seasonally.
2867:
2404:
2382:
2235:
2171:
2116:
1506:
1484:
1452:
1426:
884:
Zalloua, Pierre A.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (6 January 2017).
735:
380:
273:
166:
158:
151:
this period in the Levant and, often, the rest of the Near East
54:
2933:
2653:
2387:
2341:
2203:
2058:
2006:
1582:
1548:
225:
221:
2879:
2840:
2320:
2176:
2106:
2026:
1898:
1411:
504:
2191:
1957:
1915:
986:
1005:, stresses the continuity with processes begun earlier.
209:. The preceding final Upper Paleolithic period is the
359:
tools from Ein Qashish South, Jezreel Valley, Israel,
408:"se trouve rattachée à la civilisation paléolithique"
883:
172:The Epipalaeolithic has been defined as the "final
1176:
1092:Straus, Lawrence Guy, p. 310 in Bailey and Spikins
3122:
1129:Straus, Lawrence Guy, in Bailey and Spikins, 312
180:which appear to merge technologically into the
1102:Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory
1064:referring to the Azilian: Jones, Emily Lena,
1269:
765:
176:industries occurring at the end of the final
1183:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p.
224:, made relatively advanced tools from small
363:and Geometric Kebaran, ca. 23,000-16.500 BP
1283:
1276:
1262:
772:
758:
27:
1174:
925:
33:Epipalaeolithic stone mortar and pestle,
366:
351:
251:
184:". The period is generally dated from
132:etc.) is a period occurring between the
1237:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1044:, Volume 1, 1996, Paul Astroms Forlag,
3123:
861:
859:
341:
2447:
2086:
1352:
1257:
1223:, 2007, University of Arizona Press,
2448:
1205:, 2008, Cambridge University Press,
856:
13:
1201:Bailey, Geoff and Spikins, Penny,
14:
3162:
2400:Megalithic architectural elements
412:"nous ne pouvons pas examiner ici
213:or "Upper Paleolithic Stage VI".
153:. It sometimes includes parts of
2087:
3019:Evolutionary origin of religion
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1123:
1120:(quoted); Bailey and Spikins, 4
1095:
1086:
1058:
1030:
1010:
959:
942:
877:
868:
847:
827:
1:
2632:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2162:British megalith architecture
1195:
835:The Penguin Archaeology Guide
247:
196:
2627:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2167:Nordic megalith architecture
7:
1068:, pp. 5–6, 2015, Springer,
837:, Penguin, London, p. 141.
788:, who in 1916 used them in
16:Period in Levantine history
10:
3167:
2775:British Isles and Brittany
2696:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
345:
2977:
2790:
2617:
2464:
2460:
2443:
2329:
2293:
2142:
2099:
2095:
2082:
1889:
1720:
1693:
1618:
1544:
1535:
1440:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1291:
108:
93:
82:
71:
61:
46:
26:
1175:Obermaier, Hugo (1924).
820:
389:Epipaleolithic Near East
202: BP or even later.
39:Epipaleolithic Near East
3007:Evolutionary musicology
2410:Oldest extant buildings
2337:Archaeological features
1856:Prepared-core technique
972:Encyclopædia Britannica
954:Encyclopædia Britannica
950:agriculture, origins of
2969:Unchambered long cairn
2817:Mound Builders culture
2150:Neolithic architecture
1285:Prehistoric technology
815:
701:Post-classical history
567:Cradle of civilization
426:
391:
364:
314:
265:
86:20,000 to 10,000
2644:List of Stone Age art
1846:Microblade technology
1794:Langdale axe industry
1392:Ard / plough
794:
416:
370:
355:
309:
255:
98:Levantine Aurignacian
3051:Prehistoric medicine
3046:Prehistoric counting
3029:Prehistoric religion
3024:Paleolithic religion
3002:Behavioral modernity
2359:Causewayed enclosure
2251:Abri de la Madeleine
1375:Neolithic Revolution
1018:El Origen del Hombre
539:Behavioral modernity
258:Last Glacial Maximum
242:permanently occupied
120:In archaeology, the
3090:Prehistoric warfare
1836:Magdalenian culture
1799:Levallois technique
1730:Earliest toolmaking
1179:Fossil man in Spain
967:"History of Europe"
902:2017NatSR...740338P
618:Bronze Age collapse
342:History of the term
262:Greenland ice cores
23:
3146:Paleolithic Europe
3041:Origin of language
3034:Spiritual drug use
2944:Rectangular dolmen
2846:Dartmoor kistvaens
2659:Carved stone balls
2371:Circular enclosure
2330:Other architecture
2273:Alp pile dwellings
1861:Solutrean industry
1772:Gravettian culture
1422:Secondary products
1219:Simmons, Alan H.,
890:Scientific Reports
521:Middle Paleolithic
392:
375:, Ain Sakhri near
365:
266:
174:Upper Palaeolithic
62:Geographical range
21:
3141:Upper Paleolithic
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3063:Prehistoric music
3012:music archaeology
2669:Cup and ring mark
2494:Clothing/textiles
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
1881:Yubetsu technique
1866:Striking platform
1831:Lithic technology
1716:
1715:
1701:Game drive system
1620:Projectile points
1512:Mortar and pestle
1203:Mesolithic Europe
995:Mesolithic Period
910:10.1038/srep40338
809:and the northern
782:
781:
534:Upper Paleolithic
496:Lower Paleolithic
373:Ain Sakhri lovers
232:blades, known as
134:Upper Paleolithic
118:
117:
102:Upper Paleolithic
47:Alternative names
3158:
3078:Divje Babe flute
2985:Archaeoastronomy
2728:Petrosomatoglyph
2462:
2461:
2445:
2444:
2294:Water management
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
1987:Denticulate tool
1809:Lithic reduction
1542:
1541:
1363:
1362:
1350:
1349:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1062:
1056:
1038:Thomas, Homer L.
1034:
1028:
1014:
1008:
1007:
999:Middle Stone Age
982:
980:
963:
957:
948:Simmons, 46–48;
946:
940:
939:
929:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
854:
851:
845:
831:
774:
767:
760:
749:
748:
742:
734:
688:Earliest records
673:Recorded history
474:
473:
467:
456:
449:
428:
427:
396:three-age system
324:
218:hunter-gatherers
216:Epipalaeolithic
201:
198:
190:
155:Southeast Europe
41:. 22000-18000 BP
31:
24:
20:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3131:Epipalaeolithic
3121:
3120:
3119:
3106:
2973:
2959:Stone box grave
2929:Megalithic tomb
2834:Cotswold-Severn
2786:
2691:Guardian stones
2619:Prehistoric art
2613:
2456:
2431:
2420:Timber trackway
2325:
2289:
2285:Wattle and daub
2138:
2117:Standing stones
2091:
2070:
1885:
1712:
1689:
1614:
1531:
1441:Food processing
1436:
1385:New World crops
1357:
1344:
1287:
1282:
1243:L'Anthropologie
1198:
1193:
1192:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1063:
1059:
1035:
1031:
1015:
1011:
978:
976:
965:
964:
960:
947:
943:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
857:
852:
848:
832:
828:
823:
790:El Hombre fĂłsil
778:
740:
739:
738:
732:
727:
726:
723:
697:
680:Ancient history
675:
665:
664:
661:
613:
558:
549:Epipalaeolithic
517:
484:
465:
464:
463:
454:
444:
443:
404:kitchen-middens
385:Kebaran culture
350:
344:
336:Vasco-Cantabria
322:
250:
199:
188:
130:Epi-paleolithic
122:Epipalaeolithic
42:
35:Kebaran culture
22:Epipalaeolithic
17:
12:
11:
5:
3164:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Alligator drum
3060:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2995:lunar calendar
2992:
2981:
2979:
2978:Other cultural
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
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2814:
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2812:
2807:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2782:Venus figurine
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:Megalithic art
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2666:
2664:Cave paintings
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
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2610:
2609:
2604:
2594:
2589:
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2582:
2577:
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2557:
2547:
2542:
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2540:
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2529:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2466:Material goods
2458:
2457:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
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2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
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2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
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2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2184:
2182:Cliff dwelling
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1913:
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1911:
1901:
1895:
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1887:
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1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:Fire hardening
1764:
1759:
1757:Clovis culture
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1680:Manis Mastodon
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1559:throwing stick
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
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1455:
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1444:
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1424:
1419:
1414:
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1389:
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1369:
1359:
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1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1235:
1229:978-0816529667
1217:
1215:978-0521855037
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1122:
1114:978-1135582289
1094:
1085:
1078:978-3319223513
1057:
1054:978-9170811227
1029:
1009:
1003:eastern Europe
958:
941:
876:
874:Simmons, 48–49
867:
865:Simmons, 47–48
855:
846:
825:
824:
822:
819:
786:Hugo Obermaier
780:
779:
777:
776:
769:
762:
754:
751:
750:
745:Holocene epoch
729:
728:
725:
724:
722:
721:
716:
710:
708:
706:Modern history
703:
698:
696:
695:
690:
684:
682:
676:
671:
670:
667:
666:
663:
662:
660:
659:
654:
649:
647:Southeast Asia
644:
639:
634:
628:
626:
621:
614:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
590:
588:
583:
578:
572:
571:
570:
569:
564:
557:
556:
551:
545:
543:
542:
541:
536:
531:
523:
518:
516:
515:
508:
500:
498:
491:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
470:Pliocene epoch
451:
450:
437:
436:
346:Main article:
343:
340:
300:, as with the
249:
246:
126:Epipaleolithic
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
95:
91:
90:
84:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
48:
44:
43:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3163:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Simple dolmen
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Passage grave
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:Gallery grave
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:Burial mounds
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Statue menhir
2758:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2748:Stone carving
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Sewing needle
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Timber circle
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2364:Tor enclosure
2362:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2352:fulacht fiadh
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
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1877:
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1854:
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1839:
1837:
1834:
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1829:
1825:
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1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
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1797:
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1792:
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1784:
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1780:
1778:
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1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
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1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
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1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
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1668:
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1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
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1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:spear-thrower
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:Bow and arrow
1564:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:Grinding slab
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Domestication
1405:
1403:
1402:Digging stick
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:Founder crops
1378:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:New Stone Age
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1248:
1245:(in French).
1244:
1240:
1239:Stjerna, Knut
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1126:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
975:
973:
968:
962:
955:
951:
945:
937:
933:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
871:
862:
860:
850:
844:
840:
836:
830:
826:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
791:
787:
775:
770:
768:
763:
761:
756:
755:
753:
752:
746:
737:
731:
730:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
683:
681:
678:
677:
674:
669:
668:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
627:
625:
622:
620:
619:
615:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
544:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
529:
524:
522:
519:
514:
513:
509:
507:
506:
502:
501:
499:
497:
494:
493:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
478:
477:
471:
462:
461:
453:
452:
448:
442:
441:Human history
439:
438:
434:
430:
429:
425:
423:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
362:
358:
354:
349:
339:
337:
333:
328:
320:
313:
312:"Mesolithic".
308:
305:
303:
299:
298:Mediterranean
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
259:
254:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
203:
194:
189: 20,000
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
78:
77:Old Stone Age
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
40:
36:
30:
25:
19:
2895:wedge-shaped
2880:Funeral pyre
2873:Great dolmen
2829:Chamber tomb
2810:Round barrow
2765:Stone circle
2637:Blombos Cave
2565:Grooved ware
2489:Chalcolithic
2393:Thornborough
2311:Flush toilet
2246:Blombos Cave
2241:Rock shelter
2197:Quiggly hole
2089:Architecture
2064:illustration
1706:Buffalo jump
1527:Storage pits
1490:Aşıklı Höyük
1480:Ground stone
1316:Subdivisions
1246:
1242:
1233:google books
1220:
1202:
1178:
1170:
1165:, p. 12
1163:Stjerna 1910
1158:
1151:Stjerna 1910
1146:
1139:Stjerna 1910
1134:
1125:
1118:google books
1101:
1097:
1088:
1082:google books
1065:
1060:
1041:
1032:
1017:
1012:
984:
977:. Retrieved
970:
961:
944:
893:
889:
879:
870:
849:
834:
833:Bahn, Paul,
829:
816:
803:Tardenoisian
795:
789:
783:
741:
719:Contemporary
693:Protohistory
616:
576:Protohistory
548:
528:Homo sapiens
527:
512:Homo erectus
510:
503:
466:
459:
420:
417:
411:
407:
400:Knut Stjerna
393:
315:
310:
306:
290:Tardenoisian
286:Sauveterrian
267:
236:, that were
220:, generally
215:
204:
200: 5,000
171:
129:
125:
121:
119:
18:
2917:unchambered
2912:Long barrow
2902:Grave goods
2858:Court cairn
2853:Clava cairn
2805:Bowl barrow
2743:Rock cupule
2686:Golden hats
2679:Hill figure
2580:Unstan ware
2560:Cord-marked
2425:Sweet Track
2347:Burnt mound
2268:Stilt house
2256:Sibudu Cave
2049:Tally stick
2017:Quern-stone
2002:Hammerstone
1992:Fire plough
1963:Pesse canoe
1921:Bannerstone
1891:Other tools
1804:Lithic core
1752:Aurignacian
1640:Bare Island
1522:Quern-stone
1141:, p. 2
853:Simmons, 46
657:West Africa
294:Maglemosian
140:during the
128:(sometimes
109:Followed by
94:Preceded by
3151:Mesolithic
3125:Categories
3056:trepanning
2949:Ring cairn
2907:Jar burial
2890:transepted
2822:U.S. sites
2723:Petroglyph
2649:Bird stone
2607:wine press
2280:Stone roof
2263:Roundhouse
2155:long house
2132:Stonehenge
2100:Ceremonial
2044:Stone tool
1871:Tool stone
1841:Metallurgy
1745:Mousterian
1722:Toolmaking
1660:Cumberland
1633:Transverse
1603:Schöningen
1495:Qesem cave
1463:Earth oven
1417:Irrigation
1328:Technology
1296:Prehistory
1211:0521855039
1196:References
1110:1135582289
1074:3319223518
1050:9170811229
1026:8476791275
952:. (2008).
843:0140514481
642:South Asia
604:South Asia
586:Bronze Age
581:Copper Age
554:Mesolithic
482:Prehistory
447:prehistory
357:Microliths
332:microliths
304:industry.
248:Term usage
234:microliths
182:Mesolithic
178:glaciation
146:Mesolithic
51:Mesolithic
3100:symbolism
2964:Tor cairn
2922:Grønsalen
2863:Cremation
2755:Sculpture
2733:Pictogram
2718:Petroform
2538:amber use
2506:Cosmetics
2316:Reservoir
2301:Check dam
2231:Pueblitos
2226:Pit-house
2209:Longhouse
2143:Dwellings
2012:Microlith
1943:Bow drill
1938:Bone tool
1931:prismatic
1740:Acheulean
1655:Cresswell
1628:Arrowhead
1554:Boomerang
1470:Granaries
1432:Terracing
1311:Stone Age
1016:A. Moure
991:millennia
918:2045-2322
896:: 40338.
811:Maglemose
652:East Asia
637:Near East
609:East Asia
599:Near East
562:Neolithic
489:Stone Age
327:sedentism
278:megafauna
163:Near East
142:Stone Age
138:Neolithic
113:Neolithic
66:Near East
3136:Holocene
2738:Rock art
2701:painting
2674:Geoglyph
2499:timeline
2479:Beadwork
2219:Mehrgarh
2214:Mudbrick
2122:megalith
1997:Fire-saw
1819:debitage
1814:analysis
1782:Hand axe
1762:Cupstone
1340:Glossary
1301:Timeline
1020:, 1999.
936:28059138
624:Iron Age
433:a series
431:Part of
377:Bethleem
319:Portugal
230:obsidian
207:Natufian
3095:Symbols
2706:pigment
2592:Weaving
2555:Cardium
2550:Pottery
2545:Mirrors
2533:Jewelry
2474:Baskets
2454:culture
2306:Cistern
2112:Pyramid
2054:Weapons
2032:Scraper
2022:Racloir
1982:Cleaver
1970:Chopper
1876:Uniface
1787:Grooves
1777:Hafting
1735:Oldowan
1694:Systems
1645:Cascade
1608:woomera
1598:harpoon
1571:history
1537:Hunting
1517:Pottery
1458:Cooking
1367:Farming
1333:history
1306:Outline
1249:: 1–34.
979:8 April
927:5216412
898:Bibcode
807:Azilian
799:Capsian
458:before
387:, Late
361:Kebaran
302:Azilian
282:Azilian
270:Ice Age
222:nomadic
211:Kebaran
161:or the
75:End of
3073:flutes
2868:Dolmen
2792:Burial
2602:winery
2575:Linear
2405:Midden
2383:Cursus
2376:Goseck
2236:Pueblo
2187:Dugout
2172:Burdei
1851:Mining
1675:Lamoka
1670:Folsom
1650:Clovis
1507:Metate
1485:Hearth
1453:Basket
1427:Sickle
1227:
1209:
1108:
1072:
1048:
1024:
974:online
934:
924:
916:
841:
805:, the
801:, the
736:Future
632:Europe
594:Europe
526:Early
422:Kunda.
381:Israel
292:, and
274:Levant
238:hafted
191:
167:Europe
159:Levant
72:Period
55:Europe
2990:sites
2934:Mummy
2654:Cairn
2570:JĹŤmon
2521:shoes
2516:Hides
2388:Henge
2342:Broch
2204:Jacal
2059:Wheel
2007:Knife
1953:Canoe
1948:Burin
1926:Blade
1824:flake
1685:Plano
1593:baton
1583:Spear
1549:Arrow
1502:Manos
1355:Tools
821:Notes
714:Early
226:flint
165:; in
83:Dates
53:(for
3083:gudi
2841:Cist
2770:list
2597:Wine
2526:Ă–tzi
2511:Glue
2484:Beds
2452:and
2450:Arts
2321:Well
2177:Cave
2107:Kiva
2037:side
2027:Rope
1975:tool
1909:bone
1899:Adze
1665:Eden
1578:Nets
1448:Fire
1412:Goad
1397:Celt
1225:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1046:ISBN
1022:ISBN
981:2013
932:PMID
914:ISSN
839:ISBN
505:Homo
460:Homo
445:and
371:The
136:and
2192:Hut
2127:row
1958:Oar
1916:Axe
1904:Awl
1247:XXI
1185:322
987:bce
922:PMC
906:doi
334:in
228:or
124:or
3127::
1231:,
1213:,
1116:,
1112:,
1080:,
1076:,
1052:,
1040:,
983:.
969:.
930:.
920:.
912:.
904:.
892:.
888:.
858:^
435:on
383:.
379:,
288:,
284:,
197:c.
193:BP
186:c.
144:.
88:BP
37:,
1277:e
1270:t
1263:v
1187:.
997:(
938:.
908::
900::
894:7
773:e
766:t
759:v
747:)
743:(
733:↓
472:)
468:(
455:↑
424:)
419:(
323:'
264:.
104:)
100:(
57:)
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