1193:
145:
1150:. Isaac Israeli's philosophical influence on Muslim authors is slight at best. The only known quotation of Israeli's philosophy in a Muslim work occurs in Ghayat al-Hakim, a book on magic, produced in eleventh-century Spain, translated into Latin and widely circulated in the West under the title Picatrix. Although there are passages which correspond directly to Israeli's writings, the author does not cite him by name.
1511:
because
Abraham ibn Ḥasdai (see above), and Jedaiah Bedersi in his apologetical letter to Solomon ben Adret ("Orient, Lit." xi. cols. 166–169) speak of a commentary by Israeli on the "Sefer Yeẓirah," though by some scholars the words "Sefer Yeẓirah" are believed to denote simply the "Book of Genesis." But David Kaufmann ("R. E. J." viii. 126), Sachs ("Orient, Lit." l.c.), and especially Grätz (
1749:
51:
1510:
Another work which has been ascribed to
Israeli, and which more than any other has given rise to controversy among later scholars, is a commentary on the "Sefer Yeẓirah." Steinschneider (in his "Al-Farabi," p. 248) and Carmoly (in Jost's "Annalen," ii. 321) attribute the authorship to Israeli,
1090:, a mystical work of cosmogony which attributes great importance to the letters of the Hebrew alphabet and their combinations in determining the structure of the universe. In this work he cites Israeli so extensively that a few nineteenth-century scholars misidentified the commentary as Israeli's.
1093:
Israeli's medical treatises were studied for several centuries both in the original Arabic and in Latin translation. In the eleventh century, Constantine
Africanus, a professor at the prestigious Salerno school of medicine, translated some of Israeli's works into Latin. Many medieval Arabic
1232:, who assumed their authorship, were a 'plagiarism' and published them under Israeli's name, together in a collection with works of other physicians that were also and erroneously attributed to Israeli. Those works translated by Constantine of Carthage were used as textbooks at the
1507:, and whom he calls in other places "Isaac the Prattler", and "Ha-Yiẓḥaḳ," was none other than Isaac Israeli. But if Israeli was attacked by Ibn Ezra he was praised by other Biblical commentators, such as Jacob b. Ruben, a contemporary of Maimonides, and by Ḥasdai.
1211:
A number of works in Arabic, some of which were translated into Hebrew, Latin and
Spanish were ascribed to Israeli, and several medical works were allegedly composed by him at the request of al-Mahdi. In 1515
1097:
Israeli's philosophical works exercised a considerable influence on
Christian and Jewish thinkers, and a lesser degree of influence among Muslim intellectuals. In the twelfth century, a group of scholars in
1397:, of which there are three Hebrew translations. But the former belongs to Mohammed al-Razi and the latter to 'Ali ibn 'Abbas or, according to other authorities, to Israeli's pupil Abu Jaf'ar ibn al-Jazzar.
1074:
v. 236), while stating that Isaac
Israeli lived more than one hundred years, gives the dates 845-940; and Steinschneider ("Hebr. Uebers." pp. 388, 755) places his death in 950. He died in
1063:
1015:, who reigned from 910-934. The caliph enjoyed the company of his Jewish physician on account of the latter's wit and of the repartees in which he succeeded in confounding the
1184:
As
Neoplatonist philosophy waned, in addition to the Galenic medical tradition of which Israeli was a part, the appreciable influence of Isaac Israeli diminished as well.
991:(882-942), one of the most influential figures in the medieval Judaism, prior to his departure from Egypt. In about 904 Israeli was nominated court physician to the last
3121:
1379:, a treatise, in fifty paragraphs, for physicians, translated into Hebrew (the Arabic original is not extant), and into German by David Kaufmann under the title
1853:
1595:
Missori, Paolo; Brunetto, Giacoma M.; Domenicucci, Maurizio (7 February 2012). "Origin of the
Cannula for Tracheotomy During the Middle Ages and Renaissance".
1309:, a work in four sections on remedies and aliments. The first section, consisting of twenty chapters, was translated into Latin by Constantine under the title
2873:
1362:
1170:
1166:
1059:
817:
3040:
1987:
1434:, p. 28, Leipsic, 1859), in which he declared that they had no value, inasmuch as Isaac Israeli ben Solomon was nothing more than a physician.
3116:
1914:
1019:
al-Hubaish when pitted against him. In
Kairouan his fame became widely extended, the works which he wrote in Arabic being considered by the
3081:
2964:
2180:
1389:, a work on antidotes. Some writers attribute to Isaac Israeli two other works which figure among Constantine's translations, namely, the
2858:
853:
3111:
1970:
929:, entered the medical curriculum of the early thirteenth-century universities in Medieval Europe and remained popular throughout the
443:
1244:, where Constantine was a professor of medicine, and remained in use as textbooks throughout Europe until the seventeenth century.
2863:
2664:
1023:
physicians as "more valuable than gems." His lectures attracted a large number of pupils, of whom the two most prominent were
3106:
1826:
1797:
2915:
2190:
1007:, with whom he is sometimes confounded ("Sefer ha-Yashar," p. 10a). Later he served as a doctor to the founder of the
2422:
3055:
2766:
144:
2786:
2170:
1200:
941:
Little is known of
Israeli's background and career. Much that is known comes from the biographical accounts found in
1567:
Jacquart and Micheau, "La Médecine Arabe et l'Occident Médiéval", Paris: Editions Maisonneuve et Larose, 1990, p.114
3096:
3091:
2528:
2802:
846:
2487:
2407:
1963:
111:
3076:
2477:
2099:
620:
102:
2725:
2417:
2412:
2265:
625:
438:
2654:
19:
This article is about the physician called Isaac Judaeus. For the diplomat also called Isaac Judaeus, see
3086:
2902:
2740:
1863:
1004:
2807:
1192:
3101:
2950:
2735:
2684:
1532:
1484:(1871, pp. 400–405). The editor is of opinion that this little work is a fragment of a larger one.
1464:. The last three works are mentioned by Ibn Abi Uṣaibi'a, but no Hebrew translations of them are known.
839:
787:
740:
519:
1353:, a medical and philosophical work on the elements, which the author treats according to the ideas of
1224:, and the editor of this work claimed that the works originally written in Arabic and translated into
2659:
2578:
1956:
1233:
951:
772:
650:
554:
337:
201:
1766:
1122:) into Latin. Israeli's work was quoted and paraphrased by a number of Christian thinkers including
3019:
2679:
2543:
2508:
2341:
2301:
2230:
2205:
2017:
1694:
1471:
1012:
615:
1683:"The Textual Traditions of Isaac Israeli's "Book on Fevers" in Arabic, Latin, Hebrew, and Spanish"
2936:
2882:
2838:
2720:
2583:
2306:
2235:
1775:
1550:
1229:
705:
224:
3014:
2674:
2588:
2533:
2432:
2326:
2296:
2200:
1058:, in 932. This date is given by most Arabic authorities who give his date of birth as 832. But
964:
also produced an account, which he based on Ibn Juljul as well as other sources, including the
735:
675:
645:
405:
342:
1515:
v. 237, note 2) are inclined to attribute its authorship to Israeli's pupil Dunash ibn Tamim.
2998:
2988:
2889:
2710:
2316:
2149:
1920:
685:
655:
549:
2240:
1639:
1102:
transmitted many Arabic works of science and philosophy into Latin. One of the translators,
2781:
2705:
2538:
2482:
2124:
2007:
1487:
A philosophical commentary on Genesis, in two books, one of which deals with Genesis i. 20.
1047:, and other scientific topics; he was reputed to be one who knew all the "seven sciences".
797:
539:
504:
387:
8:
3050:
2971:
2908:
2812:
2603:
2548:
2492:
2391:
2270:
2134:
1204:
1135:
961:
802:
287:
155:
85:
2896:
2822:
2513:
2215:
2195:
2144:
2063:
2037:
2032:
1722:
1714:
1620:
812:
807:
777:
730:
710:
559:
534:
312:
282:
239:
1414:, a philosophical work of which a Latin translation is quoted in the beginning of the
2598:
2573:
2427:
2042:
1822:
1814:
1793:
1785:
1726:
1706:
1663:
1612:
1427:
1103:
996:
700:
690:
680:
595:
529:
524:
357:
332:
292:
136:
95:
1904:
1174:
1067:
3045:
2715:
2649:
2593:
2331:
2255:
2185:
2119:
2114:
2109:
1979:
1758:
1698:
1655:
1651:
1624:
1604:
1500:
1470:, a philosophical treatise, in a Hebrew translation, on the difference between the
1410:, translated into Hebrew by Nissim b. Solomon (fourteenth century) under the title
1252:
1147:
1028:
957:
926:
767:
715:
410:
352:
317:
307:
297:
264:
2761:
2771:
2386:
2175:
2139:
2002:
1894:
1843:
1537:
1496:
1127:
1032:
870:
725:
574:
466:
382:
372:
28:
1594:
2776:
2756:
2467:
2376:
2371:
2351:
2321:
2280:
2154:
1770:
1154:
1131:
1087:
792:
660:
630:
610:
605:
600:
564:
544:
362:
115:
1659:
1608:
3070:
2943:
2639:
2634:
2558:
2523:
2346:
2250:
1942:
1870:, iv. 376 (attributing to Israeli the authorship of a treatise on the pulse);
1762:
1753:
1710:
1702:
1667:
1123:
1099:
1024:
969:
782:
665:
640:
20:
2452:
1499:("Ẓiyyon," i. 46) concludes that the Isaac who was so violently attacked by
1157:(c. 1060-1139) who quotes Isaac Israeli without attribution in his treatise
2689:
2563:
2381:
2094:
1616:
1016:
910:
720:
569:
302:
254:
107:
1317:. The other three parts of the work are entitled in the Latin translation
2922:
2624:
2568:
2220:
2027:
1441:
1366:
1288:
1248:
1143:
1139:
1050:
Biographers state that he never married or fathered children. He died at
1040:
988:
930:
670:
635:
448:
433:
367:
327:
185:
1752: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1718:
1682:
2993:
2817:
2730:
2629:
2619:
2553:
2518:
2472:
2457:
2356:
2245:
2210:
2089:
1757:
1504:
1451:
1423:
1339:, a treatise on urine, of which the author himself made an abridgement.
1237:
946:
906:
695:
481:
471:
377:
347:
322:
244:
170:
2929:
2669:
2447:
2366:
2361:
2311:
2225:
2129:
2104:
2084:
2058:
2022:
2012:
1480:
1354:
1300:
1260:
1066:("Orient, Lit." iv., col. 230), says that Isaac Israeli died in 942.
1044:
486:
249:
180:
175:
960:, who wrote in the mid-eleventh century. In the thirteenth century,
3024:
2644:
2462:
2442:
2437:
2336:
2079:
1948:
1819:
Isaac Israeli: A Neoplatonic Philosopher of the Early Tenth Century
1790:
Isaac Israeli: A Neoplatonic Philosopher of the Early Tenth Century
1256:
1162:
1086:
In 956 his pupil Dunash Ibn Tamim wrote an extensive commentary on
1075:
1051:
1036:
1000:
992:
579:
259:
70:
1640:"Arabic into Hebrew, A Case Study: Isaac Israeli's Book on Fevers"
2957:
1055:
1008:
984:
476:
1241:
1221:
1020:
918:
914:
902:
878:
822:
1251:
in Arabic. He advised a hook to grasp the skin in the neck as
1094:
biographical chronicles of physicians list him and his works.
50:
2275:
1932:
Gross, in Monatsschrift, xxviii. 326: Jost's Annalen, i. 408.
1792:. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. pp. xxiii–xxix.
1730:
1461:
1358:
1313:, and into Hebrew by an anonymous translator under the title
1292:
1284:
1225:
980:
976:
922:
909:
of his time. He is regarded as the father of medieval Jewish
206:
24:
1475:
1217:
975:
Israeli was born in around 832 into a Jewish family in
1860:(translated by De Sacy), pp. 43, 44, Paris, 1810;
1283:, a complete treatise, in five books, on the kinds of
1536:, Vol. 2, "Correspondence Theory of Truth", auth.:
1321:; and it seems that a Hebrew translation, entitled
1638:Ferre, Lola; Delgado, José Martínez (2015-03-27).
1287:, according to the ancient physicians, especially
3068:
3122:10th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
1784:Stern, S. M. (2009) . "Biographical note". In
1964:
1503:in the introduction to his commentary on the
949:in the 2nd half of the tenth century, and in
847:
2181:Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari
1813:
1637:
999:. Between the years 905-907 he travelled to
16:9th-century Jewish philosopher and physician
1307:Kitab al-Adwiyah al-Mufradah wa'l-Aghdhiyah
1181:containing many ideas indebted to Israeli.
983:where he gained a reputation as a skillful
1971:
1957:
1576:Stern, "Biographical note", pp. xxiii-xxiv
1247:He was the first physician to write about
945:, a work written by the Andalusian author
905:physicians and philosophers living in the
854:
840:
49:
2965:Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon
1680:
979:. He lived the first half of his life in
883:Abu Ya'qub Ishaq ibn Suleiman al-Isra'ili
1821:. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press.
1191:
1003:where he studied general medicine under
881:: أبو يعقوب إسحاق بن سليمان الإسرائيلي,
2665:Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi
467:Maimonidean / Anti-Maimonidean
3069:
1401:
1112:Liber de Definicionibus/Definitionibus
3117:Physicians from the Fatimid Caliphate
1952:
1783:
1361:. The Hebrew translation was made by
1199:. The cover shows an illustration of
2916:Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye
1978:
1926:idem, Hebr. Bibl. viii. 98. xii. 58;
1681:Ferre, Lola; Veit, Raphaela (2009).
3082:Medieval Jewish physicians of Egypt
2767:Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani
1585:Stern, "Biographical note", p. xxv.
1491:
1383:(Berliner's "Magazin," xi. 97-112).
13:
1842:Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:
1807:
14:
3133:
3112:10th-century people from Ifriqiya
2191:Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi
1936:
1525:
1478:, published by Steinschneider in
1365:at the request of the grammarian
943:The Generations of the Physicians
917:and subsequently translated into
2529:Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat
1875:Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte
1817:; Stern, Samuel Miklos (2009) .
1779:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1747:
1266:
1187:
143:
2803:Qiwam al-Din Muhammad al-Hasani
2787:Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
1153:His influence also extended to
2408:Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali
1929:Dukes, in Orient, Lit. x. 657;
1674:
1631:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1543:
1412:Sefer ha-Gebulim weha-Reshumim
966:History of the Fatimid Dynasty
875:Yitzhak ben Shlomo ha-Yisraeli
411:Mansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari
112:Correspondence theory of truth
44:Yitzhak ben Shlomo ha-Yisraeli
1:
2478:Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi
2100:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
1923:, Cat. Bodl. cols. 1113-1124;
1889:Histoire de la Médecine Arabe
1741:
1540:, Macmillan, 1969, pp. 223–4.
1458:Kitab al-Madkhal fi al-Mantiḳ
890:
886:
64:
3107:Medieval Jewish philosophers
2726:Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi
2514:Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon
2418:Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam
2413:Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar
2266:Mohammed ibn Abdun al-Jabali
2171:'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi
1767:"Israeli, Issac ben Solomon"
1422:were severely criticized by
1281:Sefer ha-Ḳadaḥot, ספר הקדחות
1201:'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi
1161:, explaining the meaning of
1081:
989:Saadya ben Joseph al-Fayyumi
913:. His works, all written in
626:Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi
7:
2903:Anatomy Charts of the Arabs
2488:Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Israili
1917:, ii. 51, v. 41, et passim;
1864:Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall
1551:"Isaac ben Solomon Israeli"
1169:. The poet and philosopher
1005:Ishak ibn Amran al-Baghdadi
10:
3138:
2951:Kamel al-Sanaat al-Tibbyya
2736:Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb
2685:Yusuf ibn Ismail al-Kutubi
1882:Geschichte der Arzneikunde
1868:Literaturgesch. der Araber
1850:, ii. 36, 37, Bulak, 1882;
1533:Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1329:, was made from the Latin.
1177:(d. 1149) authored a work
1064:Sanah ibn Sa'id al-Kurtubi
901:, was one of the foremost
741:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
621:Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
18:
3033:
3007:
2981:
2872:
2851:
2831:
2795:
2749:
2698:
2660:Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli
2655:Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad Sijzi
2612:
2579:Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta
2501:
2423:Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī
2400:
2289:
2261:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
2163:
2072:
2051:
1995:
1986:
1660:10.1163/15700674-12342183
1609:10.1007/s00268-012-1435-1
1468:Sefer ha-Ruaḥ weha-Nefesh
1062:, quoting the biographer
1011:Dynasty of North Africa,
867:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
651:Simcha Bunim of Peshischa
444:Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat
202:Aristobulus of Alexandria
122:
101:
91:
81:
77:
60:
48:
43:
38:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
36:
3020:Ancient Iranian medicine
2808:Abd El Razzaq Al-Jazaïri
2680:Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni
2544:Hussam al-Din al-Jarrahi
2509:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
2332:Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili
2231:Al-Tamimi, the physician
2018:Ibn Abi Ramtha al-Tamimi
1703:10.2979/ALE.2009.9.2.309
1695:Indiana University Press
1597:World Journal of Surgery
1518:
1408:Kitab al-Ḥudud wal-Rusum
1203:(Haly Abbas), Isaac and
1025:Abu Ja'far ibn al-Jazzar
873:: יצחק בן שלמה הישראלי,
616:Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
3097:10th-century physicians
3092:Philosophers of Judaism
2972:Lives of the Physicians
2937:Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi
2883:Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah
2839:Al-Khurasani al-Shirazi
2721:Muhammad Ali Astarabadi
2584:Najib ad-Din Samarqandi
2307:Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani
2236:Eutychius of Alexandria
2211:Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
1776:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1438:Kitab Bustan al-Ḥikimah
1230:Constantine of Carthage
987:. He corresponded with
954:(Categories of Nations)
936:
895:Isaac Israeli the Elder
23:. For the 20th century
3015:Ancient Greek medicine
2675:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
2589:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
2433:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
2327:Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi
2297:Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu
2201:Abu al-Hasan al-Tabari
1945:, Stanford University.
1773:; et al. (eds.).
1381:Propädeutik für Aerzte
1208:
1159:The Book of the Garden
676:Isaac Orobio de Castro
646:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
343:Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
2999:Nur al-Din Bimaristan
2890:The Canon of Medicine
2711:Burhan-ud-din Kermani
2317:Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal
2302:Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani
2206:Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i
2150:Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu
1921:Moritz Steinschneider
1234:University of Salerno
1195:
1106:, rendered Israeli's
1013:'Ubaid Allah al-Mahdi
686:Samuel David Luzzatto
656:Samson Raphael Hirsch
277:Spanish and European:
245:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
3077:People from Kairouan
2782:Sultan Ali Khorasani
2483:Serapion the Younger
2125:Jabril ibn Bukhtishu
2008:Al-Harith ibn Kalada
1858:Relation de l'Egypte
1418:. This work and the
1116:Book on the Elements
893:932), also known as
388:Judah Leon Abravanel
3051:Medical Renaissance
2909:The Book of Healing
2813:Qurayshi al-Shirazi
2604:Zakariya al-Qazwini
2493:Zayn al-Din Gorgani
2135:Salmawaih ibn Bunan
1644:Medieval Encounters
1402:Philosophical works
1357:, Hippocrates, and
1255:did and afterwards
1205:Constantine the Jew
1136:Vincent de Beauvais
1108:Book of Definitions
818:Microcosm–macrocosm
736:Joseph Soloveitchik
406:Natan'el al-Fayyumi
207:Philo of Alexandria
131:Part of a series on
86:Medieval philosophy
3087:Jews from Ifriqiya
2989:Al-'Adudi Hospital
2897:Tacuinum Sanitatis
2823:Maqsud-Ali Tabrizi
2342:Badi' al-Asturlabi
2241:Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath
2216:Abu ul-Ala Shirazi
2196:Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
2145:Yahya ibn Sarafyun
2038:Rufaida Al-Aslamia
2033:Nafi ibn al-Harith
1815:Altmann, Alexander
1387:Kitab fi al-Tiryaḳ
1363:Abraham ben Hasdai
1327:Sefer ha-Ma'akalim
1319:Diætæ Particulares
1297:The Book on Fevers
1277:The Book on Fevers
1209:
1171:Joseph Ibn Tzaddiq
1167:Literal Expression
1060:Abraham ben Hasdai
1031:. Israeli studied
968:by Israel's pupil
731:Abraham Isaac Kook
711:Monsieur Chouchani
313:Joseph ibn Tzaddik
283:Hasdai ibn Shaprut
250:Ismaili philosophy
240:Brethren of Purity
3102:10th-century Jews
3064:
3063:
3056:Medieval medicine
2847:
2846:
2706:Abu Sa'id al-Afif
2539:Da'ud Abu al-Fadl
2428:Ahmad ibn Farrokh
2043:Zaynab al-Awadiya
1828:978-0-226-01613-9
1799:978-0-226-01613-9
1786:Alexander Altmann
1432:Iggerot ha-Rambam
1428:Samuel ibn Tibbon
1373:Manhig ha-Rofe'im
1323:Sefer ha-Mis'adim
1311:Diætæ Universales
1273:Kitab al-Ḥummayat
1216:was published in
1214:Opera Omnia Isaci
1197:Omnia opera Ysaac
1120:Liber Elementorum
1104:Gerard of Cremona
997:Ziyadat Allah III
864:
863:
701:Eliezer Berkovits
691:Elijah Benamozegh
681:Moses Mendelssohn
596:Francisco Sanches
555:Reconstructionist
358:Isaac ben Sheshet
353:Moses of Narbonne
333:Samuel ibn Tibbon
293:Abraham bar Hiyya
137:Jewish philosophy
126:
125:
96:Jewish philosophy
3129:
3046:Learned medicine
3041:Ibn Sina Academy
2741:Şerafeddin Kadir
2716:Husayni Isfahani
2650:Mansur ibn Ilyas
2594:Rashidun al-Suri
2473:Moshe ben Maimon
2256:Ibrahim ibn Baks
2186:Abu Bakr al-Razi
2120:Jabir ibn Hayyan
2115:Ishaq ibn Hunayn
2110:Hunayn ibn Ishaq
1993:
1992:
1980:Islamic medicine
1973:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1832:
1803:
1780:
1759:Richard Gottheil
1751:
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1652:Brill Publishers
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1547:
1541:
1529:
1501:Abraham ibn Ezra
1492:Attributed works
1450:, a treatise on
1420:Kitab al-Istiḳat
1377:Musar ha-Rofe'im
1347:Sefer ha-Yesodot
1343:Kitab al-Istiḳat
1315:Ṭib'e ha-Mezonot
1299:appeared in the
1253:Paulus of Aegina
1148:Nicholas of Cusa
1029:Dunash ibn Tamim
1027:, a Muslim, and
962:Ibn Abi Usaybi'a
952:Tabaqāt al-ʼUmam
892:
888:
856:
849:
842:
759:
716:Emmanuel Levinas
507:
338:Joseph ben Judah
318:Abraham ibn Ezra
308:Abraham ibn Daud
298:Bahya ibn Paquda
265:Rabbinic Judaism
227:
158:
147:
128:
127:
66:
53:
34:
33:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3130:
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3067:
3066:
3065:
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3029:
3003:
2977:
2868:
2843:
2827:
2791:
2772:Dawud al-Antaki
2745:
2694:
2608:
2549:Ibn Abi Usaibia
2497:
2396:
2387:Jonah ibn Janah
2285:
2176:Aayon Ibn Aayon
2159:
2140:Shapur ibn Sahl
2068:
2047:
2003:Abu Hafsa Yazid
1982:
1977:
1939:
1911:3d ed., v. 257;
1899:Revue Orientale
1895:Eliakim Carmoly
1844:Ibn Abi Usaibia
1829:
1810:
1808:Further reading
1800:
1771:Singer, Isidore
1748:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1679:
1675:
1636:
1632:
1593:
1589:
1584:
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1571:
1566:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1538:Arthur N. Prior
1530:
1526:
1521:
1497:Eliakim Carmoly
1494:
1448:Kitab al-Ḥikmah
1426:in a letter to
1404:
1337:Sefer ha-Shetan
1335:, or in Hebrew
1269:
1236:, the earliest
1190:
1128:Albertus Magnus
1084:
1033:natural history
958:Sa'id of Toledo
939:
860:
831:
830:
827:
760:
757:
750:
749:
746:
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726:Gershom Scholem
706:Eliyahu Dessler
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373:Elia del Medigo
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2774:
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2757:Rostam Gorgani
2753:
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2599:Sa'ad al-Dawla
2596:
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2468:Ibn al-Tilmīdh
2465:
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2377:Ibn al-Kattani
2374:
2372:Ibn al-Haytham
2369:
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2352:Ibn Al-Thahabi
2349:
2344:
2339:
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2329:
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2322:Ali ibn Ridwan
2319:
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2281:Qusta ibn Luqa
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2155:Yusuf al-Khuri
2152:
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2064:Ja'ar al-Sadiq
2061:
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1937:External links
1935:
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1905:Heinrich Grätz
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601:Uriel da Costa
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550:Existentialist
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2944:Adab al-Tabib
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2859:Ophthalmology
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2762:ʽImad Shirazi
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2640:Ibn al-Khatib
2638:
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2635:Ibn al-Akfani
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2574:Ibn al‐Raqqam
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2559:Ibn al-Baitar
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2524:Al-Shahrazuri
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1901:, i. 350-352;
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1879:
1877:, p. 51;
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1854:'Abd al-Laṭif
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1837:Older sources
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1765:(1901–1906).
1764:
1763:Max Seligsohn
1760:
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1754:public domain
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1349:and Latin as
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1334:
1333:Kitab al-Baul
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
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1267:Medical works
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1188:Claimed works
1185:
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1180:
1179:The Microcosm
1176:
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970:Ibn al-Jazzar
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948:
944:
934:
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900:
899:Isaac Judaeus
896:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
837:
835:
834:
824:
823:Righteousness
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
773:Chosen people
771:
769:
766:
765:
763:
762:
754:
753:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
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714:
712:
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702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:Isaac Cardoso
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
641:Samuel Hirsch
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
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587:
581:
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465:
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458:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
429:Isaac Israeli
427:
426:
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419:
412:
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401:
397:
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389:
386:
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138:
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117:
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109:
106:
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100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
63:
59:
52:
47:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
21:Isaac the Jew
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2832:18th century
2796:17th century
2750:16th century
2699:15th century
2690:Zayn-e-Attar
2613:14th century
2564:Ibn al-Nafis
2502:13th century
2401:12th century
2382:Ibn al-Wafid
2290:11th century
2260:
2164:10th century
2095:Ali al-Ridha
1908:
1898:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1873:Wüstenfeld,
1867:
1857:
1848:Uyun al-Anba
1847:
1818:
1789:
1774:
1729:– via
1690:
1686:
1676:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1531:
1527:
1512:
1509:
1495:
1479:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1351:De Elementis
1350:
1346:
1345:, in Hebrew
1342:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1280:
1279:, in Hebrew
1276:
1272:
1246:
1213:
1210:
1196:
1183:
1178:
1158:
1152:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1071:
1049:
974:
965:
950:
942:
940:
911:Neoplatonism
898:
894:
889:832 –
882:
874:
866:
865:
721:Martin Buber
589:
540:Conservative
513:
460:
428:
422:
399:
303:Judah Halevi
276:
255:Jewish Kalam
233:
195:
164:
108:Neoplatonism
2923:De Gradibus
2569:Ibn al-Quff
2073:9th century
2052:8th century
2028:Masarjawaih
1996:7th century
1915:Haji Khalfa
1697:: 309–334.
1442:metaphysics
1416:Opera Omnia
1367:David Kimhi
1289:Hippocrates
1249:tracheotomy
1240:in Western
1228:in 1087 by
1144:Roger Bacon
1140:Bonaventura
1041:mathematics
931:Middle Ages
778:Eschatology
671:David Nieto
636:Jacob Emden
570:Neo-Hasidic
449:Ibn Kammuna
439:al-Mukkamas
434:Saadia Gaon
368:Joseph Albo
328:Nachmanides
288:Ibn Gabirol
156:Hellenistic
55:De febribus
3071:Categories
3034:Influenced
3008:Influences
2994:Bimarestan
2864:Psychology
2818:Tunakabuni
2731:Nurbakhshi
2630:Ibn Shuayb
2620:Al-Nagawri
2554:Ibn Tumlus
2534:As-Suwaydi
2519:Al-Dakhwar
2458:Ibn Tufayl
2453:Ibn Jumay‘
2357:Ibn Butlan
2246:Ibn Juljul
2221:Al-Kaŝkarī
2090:Albubather
1988:Physicians
1909:Geschichte
1884:, ii. 270;
1880:Sprenger,
1742:References
1555:Britannica
1513:Geschichte
1505:Pentateuch
1452:philosophy
1424:Maimonides
1238:university
1072:Geschichte
947:Ibn Juljul
907:Arab world
696:Moses Hess
514:Positions:
461:Positions:
378:Judah Minz
348:Gersonides
323:Maimonides
186:Boethusian
165:Positions:
2930:Al-Tasrif
2670:Nakhshabi
2448:Ibn Habal
2367:Ibn Jazla
2362:Ibn Hindu
2312:Al-Biruni
2226:Al-Natili
2130:Masawaiyh
2105:Bukhtishu
2085:Al-Ruhawi
2059:Bukhtishu
2023:Ibn Uthal
2013:Bukhtishu
1891:, i. 412;
1887:Leclerc,
1727:170205381
1711:1565-1525
1668:1570-0674
1654:: 50–80.
1481:Ha-Karmel
1355:Aristotle
1301:Articella
1261:Albucasis
1082:Influence
1045:astronomy
808:Holocaust
798:Happiness
580:Rambamist
560:Holocaust
535:Chassidic
525:Sephardic
472:Kabbalist
400:Yemenite:
176:Sadducean
171:Hasmonean
3025:Ayurveda
2852:Concepts
2645:Jaghmini
2625:Aqsara'i
2463:Ibn Zuhr
2443:Averroes
2438:Avempace
2392:Masawaih
2337:Avicenna
2271:Muvaffak
2080:Al-Kindi
1719:40385979
1617:22311135
1474:and the
1395:Viaticum
1393:and the
1257:Avicenna
1163:Metaphor
1076:Kairouan
1052:Kairouan
1037:medicine
1001:Kairouan
995:prince,
993:Aghlabid
803:Holiness
520:Orthodox
487:Tosafist
482:Talmudic
260:Kabbalah
225:Medieval
181:Pharisee
71:Kairouan
2982:Centers
2958:Al-Hawi
1788:(ed.).
1756::
1625:3121262
1175:Cordoba
1056:Tunisia
1009:Fatimid
985:oculist
927:Spanish
813:Messiah
590:People:
565:Renewal
477:Karaism
196:People:
116:Aquinas
1825:
1796:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1666:
1623:
1615:
1472:spirit
1242:Europe
1222:France
1114:) and
1100:Toledo
1021:Muslim
919:Hebrew
915:Arabic
903:Jewish
879:Arabic
871:Hebrew
783:Ethics
758:Topics
575:Mussar
545:Reform
530:Chabad
505:Modern
423:Other:
103:School
92:Region
27:, see
2874:Works
2276:Qumri
1897:, in
1769:. In
1731:JSTOR
1723:S2CID
1715:JSTOR
1693:(2).
1687:Aleph
1650:(1).
1621:S2CID
1519:Notes
1462:logic
1460:, on
1440:, on
1375:, or
1359:Galen
1293:Galen
1285:fever
1226:Latin
1017:Greek
981:Cairo
977:Egypt
923:Latin
788:Faith
768:Anger
25:rabbi
1823:ISBN
1794:ISBN
1761:and
1707:ISSN
1664:ISSN
1613:PMID
1476:soul
1291:and
1259:and
1218:Lyon
1165:and
1146:and
937:Life
925:and
897:and
61:Died
1699:doi
1656:doi
1605:doi
1325:or
1173:of
956:by
885:) (
793:God
82:Era
67:932
3073::
1907:,
1866:,
1856:,
1846:,
1721:.
1713:.
1705:.
1689:.
1685:.
1662:.
1648:21
1646:.
1642:.
1619:.
1611:.
1601:36
1599:.
1553:.
1295:.
1275:,
1263:.
1220:,
1142:,
1138:,
1134:,
1130:,
1126:,
1078:.
1054:,
1043:,
1039:,
1035:,
972:.
933:.
921:,
891:c.
887:c.
877:;
65:c.
1972:e
1965:t
1958:v
1831:.
1802:.
1733:.
1701::
1691:9
1670:.
1658::
1627:.
1607::
1557:.
1454:.
1444:.
1430:(
1369:.
1303:.
1207:.
1118:(
1110:(
1070:(
869:(
855:e
848:t
841:v
118:)
31:.
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