49:
377:, the future and last Duke of Mantua and Montferrat of the House of Gonzaga; however, this didn't help the couple overcome their differences. Charles II was indifferent to his wife—whom he married purely for political reasons—and had a long-standing relationship with the Countess Margherita della Rovere, also living at Casale with della Rovere openly. Isabella Clara, with the help of
410:
During her husband's life, Isabella Clara relied on the advice of her lover and controlled the political situation in the duchy. When she became a Regent on behalf of her minor son, she appointed Count
Bulgarini as her First Minister and took a neutral position between the Spanish and French kingdoms
397:
from the Mantua ghetto. They had a secret relationship initially, but the affair became well-known in time. Consequently, Isabella Clara suffered the rejection of and contempt from the ducal court. In June 1661, an assassination attempt was made against the Count
Bulgarini, but the shot killed his
398:
father. In 1660, after the death of her mother-in-law, Isabella Clara also took the title of
Duchess of Montferrat. When Charles II died suddenly on 14 August 1665, there were rumors that his wife ordered that he would be poisoned. In fact, the Duke died either accidentally after drinking an
1806:
487:
After the official wedding ceremony of her son with the
Guastalla heiress in July 1671, Isabella Clara retired from court and moved to Goito Castle, where she lived with Count Bulgarini, whom she married secretly shortly thereafter. This may have been why, on 16 December 1671,
483:
regions. Additionally, the
Dowager Duchess obtained the approval of the Emperor that, after the death of Ferrante III (who had no surviving male heirs), the Duchy of Guastalla would be passed to her son, as his wife's inheritance, successfully.
454:
In August 1669, the
Dowager Duchess ended her regency and transferred all of her powers to her son. However, due to the dissolute behavior of the young duke, she had to continue participating in the affairs of the state. In August 1670, at
392:
Isabella Clara soon tired of her husband's behaviors and, in spite of her mother-in-law's requests that she be prudent, Isabella Clara also took a lover, Count
Charles Bulgarini, a secretary of the Duke and a baptized
1231:
446:. In addition, Count Bulgarini used his position to improve the economic situation of the state with several tax, judicial and law enforcement systems and the quality of life of the local population.
434:
had controlled since 1631. During her regency, Isabella Clara increased the Duchy of Mantua's territory, strengthening its defenses. Under the mediation of Luis de Guzmán Ponce de Leon, governor of
3210:
1857:
2980:
1774:
3093:
374:
3117:
2737:
17:
311:
and heir of the Duchy of
Montferrat, was signed at Innsbruck. Considering the size of the bride's dowry, the contract stipulated that all the revenues of the
1723:
3198:
3105:
2855:
2732:
2727:
2878:
1744:
3365:
3020:
2938:
2808:
2784:
2177:
1977:
1940:
1903:
1684:
1600:
2475:
1173:
2796:
2717:
1137:
241:
3253:
2884:
2352:
207:
on behalf of her minor son. Accused of marrying her lover without
Imperial consent, she was forced to take the veil as a nun and imprisoned at the
141:
2548:
1817:
2042:
2583:
2266:
3122:
3046:
3003:
2866:
2820:
2790:
2638:
2505:
2430:
2237:
1079:
3041:
2890:
2768:
2553:
3222:
2578:
2510:
511:
Isabella Clara died on 24 February 1685 in the
Ursuline monastery in Mantua. Only her son attended her funeral and she was buried in the
2310:
3425:
2965:
2632:
2323:
3008:
2691:
2568:
500:
monastery, both having been imprisoned with the consent of the Pope. At the request of the Imperial Commissioner, Count Gottlieb von
308:
193:
129:
3417:
2950:
2944:
2860:
3491:
3088:
3083:
3078:
2872:
2573:
2459:
2436:
2307:
Allgemeine encyclopädie der wissenschaften und künste in alphabetischer folge von genannten schrifts bearbeitet und herausgegeben
460:
3358:
3163:
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organized the union. In March 1651, together with her husband and mother-in-law, Isabella Clara accompanied her sister-in-law,
288:
284:
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3014:
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2928:
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2495:
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2402:
1657:
237:
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2826:
2686:
2465:
2453:
2345:
1846:
347:
2007:
3501:
2802:
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680:
224:
Isabella Clara was born in Innsbruck on 12 August 1629 as the third child and second (but eldest surviving) daughter of
3147:
1763:
516:
350:
and former Regent of the Duchy of Mantua, who was an adherent of a pro-Austrian foreign policy, and her paternal aunt
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3192:
3186:
2933:
2923:
2371:
2218:
1631:
889:
512:
359:
315:
district must be given to her. The official wedding between them was solemnized three months later, on 7 November in
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351:
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3137:
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233:
467:
would marry one another. Under this contract, Ferrante III named his daughter and son-in-law joint heirs of the
3536:
3401:
3204:
3180:
2960:
2913:
2896:
2814:
2500:
2490:
765:
225:
177:
151:
60:
3496:
3457:
3216:
3168:
3142:
3099:
3068:
3063:
2986:
2620:
2171:
1568:
1323:
489:
3516:
3506:
3227:
2696:
2374:. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
3511:
3174:
2918:
2653:
2470:
1297:
984:
952:
805:
706:
264:
260:
3541:
3031:
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411:
and also kept a cautious policy to ensure that Mantua and Montferrat would become independent from the
276:
189:
181:
2092:
2072:
3526:
3274:
2832:
2675:
2643:
2532:
1790:
1053:
831:
280:
3374:
2753:
2712:
2143:
2114:
173:
56:
2166:
1966:
1929:
1892:
1673:
1589:
1475:
863:
370:
2669:
2526:
2361:
2210:
2204:
48:
31:
1678:
3449:
3409:
3300:
3269:
2722:
1381:
1257:
464:
252:
245:
229:
161:
1934:
3486:
3481:
3279:
2593:
2386:
1355:
739:
504:, both Isabella Clara and Count Bulgarini took monastic vows. The Dowager Duchess became a
8:
2975:
2626:
2424:
559:
336:
328:
204:
1594:
3385:
2681:
2418:
2150:
2121:
1417:
468:
419:
378:
268:
2318:
Wurzbach, C. von (2012) . "Habsburg, Elisabeth auch Isabella Clara von Oesterreich".
2214:
1971:
1653:
1627:
1199:
618:
431:
412:
324:
320:
136:
99:
2330:
2087:
2067:
3433:
2838:
2322:(in German). Austria: Austrian Literature Online, University of Innsbruck. p.
1443:
340:
3284:
2614:
1861:
1793:
L’amore di Carlo Gonzaga, duca di Mantova e della contessa Margarita della Rovere
1778:
501:
497:
363:
296:
292:
200:
185:
119:
95:
2295:
1873:
2014:
1897:
1644:
Thomas Kuster (2011). "FERDINAND KARL von Habsburg". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).
1111:
435:
386:
366:. They remained in the Imperial court until May, when they returned to Mantua.
332:
1543:
Other sources dated the marriage ceremony on 13 June 1649. Ersch 1862, p. 161.
3475:
2763:
2558:
2170:
272:
1646:
2147:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160
1822:– Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani vol. 70 (2008) in: www.treccani.it
1749:– Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani vol. 20 (1977) in: www.treccani.it
1728:– Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani vol. 62 (2004) in: www.treccani.it
505:
399:
2186:
1986:
1949:
1912:
1693:
1609:
439:
3343:
1677:
493:
422:
on her son's behalf, which confirmed his ownership over the fiefs of
208:
91:
2118:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 299
1933:
480:
423:
312:
307:
On 7 August 1649, the marriage contract between Isabella Clara and
389:
of Charles II, who continued taking lovers, both male and female.
3128:
Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
2298:
Isabella Clara d'Austria, reggenza per il figlio Ferdinando Carlo
476:
427:
2527:
Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
373:
on 31 August 1652, Isabella Clara gave birth to her only child,
251:
From her mother's first marriage, she had an older half-sister,
1593:
1572:
in: www.genmarenostrum.com (Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Italiana)
472:
394:
316:
115:
1726:
Isabella Clara d'Asburgo, duchessa di Mantova e del Monferrato
418:
In November 1666, she received the ducal investiture from the
1652:(in German). Vol. 32. Nordhausen: Bautz. cols. 433–449.
456:
172:(12 August 1629 – 24 February 1685) was a Duchess consort of
2161:
2159:
2013:. The Medici Archive Project. pp. 12–13. Archived from
1970:
382:
515:. Her public memorial service took place on 14 May in the
2156:
1747:
Carlo II Gonzaga Nevers, duca di Mantova e del Monferrato
226:
Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria and Count of Tyrol
152:
Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria and Count of Tyrol
2692:
Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate
2185:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via
1961:
1959:
1948:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via
1911:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 416 – via
1807:
Isabella Clara's time of regency for her son (1665–1669)
1692:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 148 – via
1608:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 159 – via
283:
until her death in childbirth in 1649. Her two brothers
2083:
2081:
1985:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via
459:, Isabella Clara entered into a marriage contract with
2107:
1896:
2360:
1956:
291:
were the last male members of their branch who ruled
2103:
2101:
2078:
1648:
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)
199:
From 1665 to 1671, she was Regent of the Duchies of
2370:Generations are numbered by male-line descent from
2271:
Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia
2242:
Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia
2047:
Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia
463:, under which their children Ferdinand Charles and
3042:Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
2178:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
2172:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)"
1978:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
1941:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
1904:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
1820:Maria Gonzaga, duchessa di Monferrato e di Mantova
1685:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
1645:
1601:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
531:Ancestors of Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria
442:without hostility; these were also claimed by the
263:. Of her four surviving full siblings, her sister
27:Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat from 1649 to 1665
2132:
2130:
2098:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1887:
1885:
3473:
3112:Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2320:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Österreich
2261:
2259:
2232:
2230:
2183:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2037:
2035:
1983:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
1946:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
1909:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
1690:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
1606:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
1564:
1562:
1560:
323:, Charles II was able to remove the French from
142:Ferdinand Charles, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
1924:
1922:
1174:Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca
2127:
1993:
1882:
1847:Paola Artoni, Paolo Bertelli, Vannozzo Posio:
1764:Paola Artoni, Paolo Bertelli, Vannozzo Posio:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1138:Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
242:Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
3359:
2687:Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine
2346:
2256:
2227:
2136:
2032:
1643:
1557:
402:, or in the midst of lascivious intercourse.
240:. Her grandparents on her mother's side were
232:. Her grandparents on her father's side were
3164:Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
1919:
352:Eleonora Gonzaga, Dowager Holy Roman Empress
1849:Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga Nevers (1652–1708)
1740:
1738:
1736:
1679:"Habsburg, Sigismund Franz von Tirol"
1577:
438:, she also obtained several islands in the
3366:
3352:
3021:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen
2353:
2339:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1080:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
47:
3193:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
2599:Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
2569:Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
2309:(in German). Leipzig: Gleditsch. p.
2198:
2196:
1935:"Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark"
1759:
1757:
1232:Maria Osorio, 2nd Marquise of Villafranca
449:
194:Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
130:Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
3079:Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg
2951:Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
2929:Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
2317:
2165:
1965:
1928:
1891:
1733:
1672:
1588:
3373:
1700:
461:Ferrante III Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla
14:
3474:
3009:Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria
2971:Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
2891:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
2202:
2193:
2043:"Christine of Lorraine (c. 1571–1637)"
1754:
1397:
1277:
1273:
1261:
1153:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1015:
905:
785:
781:
769:
660:
549:
545:
541:
18:Isabella Clara, Archduchess of Austria
3442:Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria
3347:
3321:also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
3217:Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg
3118:Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm
2873:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
2697:Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress
2425:Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway
2419:Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
2334:
2304:
1595:"Habsburg, Claudia von Florenz"
1473:
1463:
1459:
1447:
1441:
1431:
1415:
1405:
1401:
1385:
1379:
1369:
1353:
1343:
1339:
1327:
1321:
1311:
1295:
1285:
1281:
1255:
1245:
1229:
1219:
1215:
1203:
1197:
1187:
1171:
1161:
1157:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1109:
1099:
1095:
1083:
1077:
1067:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1012:Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria
1009:
999:
982:
972:
968:
956:
950:
940:
923:
913:
909:
893:
887:
877:
861:
851:
847:
835:
829:
819:
803:
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789:
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723:
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704:
694:
678:
668:
664:
648:
642:
632:
616:
606:
602:
590:
583:
573:
557:
553:
381:, expelled her husband's mistress to
234:Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria
211:monastery of Mantua until her death.
70:7 November 1649 – 14 August 1665
3280:Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine
3211:Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil
3123:Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma
2676:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
2654:Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
2476:Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
348:Maria Gonzaga, Duchess of Montferrat
302:
255:, Duchess of Rovere and Montefeltro
3285:Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
3254:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3089:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3015:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
2987:Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón
2981:Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord
2919:Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
2914:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
2803:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
2713:Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
2431:Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia
1766:Carlo II Gonzaga Nevers (1629–1665)
681:Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary
496:monastery and Count Bulgarini in a
339:; rather, it would remain with the
319:. Thanks to this alliance with the
219:
24:
3037:Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans
2897:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
2533:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
2267:"Medici, Catherine de (1519–1589)"
2238:"Christina of Denmark (1521–1590)"
2209:. Firenze: La Mandragora. p.
1972:"Habsburg, Maria von Bayern"
517:Basilica palatina di Santa Barbara
309:Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
25:
3553:
3249:Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
3148:Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski
2649:Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua
2372:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
2362:Austrian archduchesses by descent
1570:GONZAGA: LINEA SOVRANA DI MANTOVA
360:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
3394:Archduchess Catherine of Austria
3223:Margaret, Princess of Monteleone
2945:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
2885:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
2759:Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
2639:Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria
2511:Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
2300:in: catalogo-mantova.lamoneta.it
492:imprisoned Isabella Clara in an
261:Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany
3100:Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony
3047:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
3032:Maria Christina, Queen of Spain
2924:Clementina, Princess of Salerno
2861:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
2833:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples
2769:Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine
2644:Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland
2289:
2108:Obermayer-Marnach, Eva (1953),
2068:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
2061:
1867:
1840:
1827:
1811:
1800:
1784:
926:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
645:Charles II, Archduke of Austria
586:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
3492:17th-century House of Habsburg
3402:Archduchess Eleanor of Austria
3169:Helena, Duchess of Württemberg
2839:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
2815:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
2754:Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland
2670:Maria Theresa, Queen of France
2627:Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress
2305:Ersch, Johann Samuel (2012) .
2008:"The Medici Granducal Archive"
1666:
1637:
1616:
1537:
766:Leopold V, Archduke of Austria
13:
1:
3458:Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine
3228:Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
2723:Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal
2387:Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
2088:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1550:
1324:Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
490:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
3175:Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg
3133:Princess Isabella of Bavaria
2460:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
2437:Catherine, Queen of Portugal
1898:"Habsburg, Leopold V."
522:
192:(until 1659) by marriage to
7:
3532:Mothers of Italian monarchs
2976:Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
2501:Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
1626:, Macmillan, London, 1980,
1298:Francis I, Duke of Lorraine
985:Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
806:William IV, Duke of Bavaria
707:Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
385:; but this didn't stop the
10:
3558:
3502:17th-century women regents
3418:Princess Margaret of Savoy
3327:also a princess of Tuscany
3275:Walburga, Countess Douglas
3143:Renata, Princess Radziwill
3069:Princess Gisela of Bavaria
2682:Maria Anna, Queen of Spain
2594:Constance, Queen of Poland
2544:Elisabeth, Queen of France
2491:Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
2486:Catherine, Queen of Poland
2466:Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
2403:Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
1391:
1275:
1267:
1147:
1031:
1027:
899:
783:
775:
654:
547:
543:
444:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
405:
327:and then agreed with King
29:
3381:
3333:also a princess of Modena
3309:
3293:
3262:
3236:
3156:
3056:
2996:
2906:
2848:
2777:
2746:
2705:
2662:
2607:
2519:
2454:Maria, Holy Roman Empress
2446:
2411:
2395:
2379:
2368:
1795:in: nuovorinascimento.org
1461:
1453:
1425:
1403:
1399:
1363:
1341:
1333:
1305:
1283:
1279:
1239:
1217:
1209:
1181:
1159:
1155:
1119:
1097:
1089:
1061:
1054:Giovanni dalle Bande Nere
1039:
1035:
993:
970:
962:
934:
911:
907:
871:
849:
841:
832:Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
813:
791:
787:
747:
725:
717:
688:
666:
662:
626:
604:
596:
567:
551:
170:Isabella Clara of Austria
157:
147:
135:
125:
105:
78:
74:
66:
57:Duchess consort of Mantua
55:
46:
42:Isabella Clara of Austria
41:
3315:also an infanta of Spain
2589:Margaret, Queen of Spain
2559:Anna, Holy Roman Empress
2471:Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
2167:Wurzbach, Constantin von
2144:Neue Deutsche Biographie
2115:Neue Deutsche Biographie
1967:Wurzbach, Constantin von
1930:Wurzbach, Constantin von
1893:Wurzbach, Constantin von
1674:Wurzbach, Constantin von
1590:Wurzbach, Constantin von
1530:
277:Queen consort of Hungary
30:Not to be confused with
3522:Duchesses of Montferrat
2203:Cesati, Franco (1999).
2093:Encyclopædia Britannica
2073:Encyclopædia Britannica
1875:Isabella Clara of Tyrol
864:Marie of Baden-Sponheim
358:, for her wedding with
335:should not control the
214:
3199:Princess Maria Antonia
2137:Goetz, Walter (1953),
450:Imprisonment and death
244:and his wife Princess
236:and his wife Princess
32:Isabella Clara Eugenia
3537:People from Innsbruck
3450:Anna Isabella Gonzaga
2615:Anna, Queen of France
2564:Anna, Queen of Poland
2273:. Gale Research. 2002
2244:. Gale Research. 2002
2049:. Gale Research. 2002
1382:Christina of Lorraine
890:Maria Anna of Bavaria
513:Church of Sant'Orsola
253:Vittoria della Rovere
246:Christina of Lorraine
238:Maria Anna of Bavaria
3497:17th-century regents
3426:Catherine de' Medici
2579:Gregoria Maximiliana
2549:Margaret (1567–1633)
2539:Anna, Queen of Spain
1855:(www.fermimn.gov.it)
1772:(www.fermimn.gov.it)
1476:Catherine de' Medici
1356:Christina of Denmark
740:Anna of Foix-Candale
3517:Duchesses of Mantua
3507:Austrian princesses
3375:Duchesses of Mantua
2966:Elisabeth Franziska
2584:Eleanor (1582–1620)
1860:3 July 2019 at the
1777:3 July 2019 at the
560:Philip I of Castile
337:Duchy of Montferrat
329:Louis XIV of France
3512:Daughters of dukes
3410:Eleanor de' Medici
3386:Margaret Paleologa
1877:in: findagrave.com
1818:Raffaele Tamalio:
1724:Raffaele Tamalio:
1418:Henry II of France
1258:Claudia de' Medici
469:Duchy of Guastalla
432:Dukes of Guastalla
420:Holy Roman Emperor
379:Pope Alexander VII
269:Holy Roman Empress
230:Claudia de' Medici
162:Claudia de' Medici
3542:Regents of Mantua
3469:
3468:
3341:
3340:
2554:Maria (1584–1649)
1853:Storia di Mantova
1770:Storia di Mantova
1659:978-3-88309-615-5
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1200:Eleanor de Toledo
619:Joanna of Castile
413:Holy Roman Empire
375:Ferdinand Charles
321:House of Habsburg
303:Duchess of Mantua
289:Sigismund Francis
285:Ferdinand Charles
188:(until 1654) and
167:
166:
100:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
3549:
3527:House of Gonzaga
3434:Isabella Gonzaga
3368:
3361:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3187:Maria Inmaculata
3094:Maria Antonietta
3084:Maria Annunciata
2574:Catherine Renata
2355:
2348:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2314:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2174:
2163:
2154:
2151:full text online
2148:
2134:
2125:
2122:full text online
2119:
2105:
2096:
2085:
2076:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2020:on 25 April 2005
2019:
2012:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1974:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1937:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1900:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1844:
1838:
1831:
1825:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1788:
1782:
1761:
1752:
1742:
1731:
1721:
1698:
1697:
1681:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1641:
1635:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1597:
1586:
1575:
1566:
1544:
1541:
1444:Claude of Valois
537:
536:
528:
527:
356:Eleonora Gonzaga
346:Charles' mother
265:Maria Leopoldine
220:Birth and family
112:
109:24 February 1685
88:
86:
51:
39:
38:
21:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3377:
3372:
3342:
3337:
3305:
3294:18th generation
3289:
3263:17th generation
3258:
3237:16th generation
3232:
3157:15th generation
3152:
3057:14th generation
3052:
2997:13th generation
2992:
2907:12th generation
2902:
2849:11th generation
2844:
2809:Maria Elisabeth
2785:Maria Elisabeth
2778:10th generation
2773:
2742:
2738:Maria Magdalena
2718:Maria Elisabeth
2701:
2658:
2603:
2515:
2442:
2407:
2391:
2375:
2364:
2359:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2201:
2194:
2164:
2157:
2135:
2128:
2110:"Anna Jagjello"
2106:
2099:
2086:
2079:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2006:
2005:
1994:
1964:
1957:
1927:
1920:
1890:
1883:
1872:
1868:
1862:Wayback Machine
1845:
1841:
1835:The Last Medici
1832:
1828:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1791:Gregorio Leti:
1789:
1785:
1779:Wayback Machine
1762:
1755:
1743:
1734:
1722:
1701:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1642:
1638:
1624:The Last Medici
1622:Acton, Harold:
1621:
1617:
1587:
1578:
1567:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1528:
953:Anna of Austria
525:
502:Windisch-Graetz
452:
408:
364:Wiener Neustadt
305:
297:County of Tyrol
293:Further Austria
222:
217:
120:Duchy of Mantua
114:
110:
96:County of Tyrol
90:
84:
82:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3555:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2956:Maria Caroline
2953:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2797:Maria Carolina
2794:
2788:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2747:9th generation
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2706:8th generation
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2663:7th generation
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2608:6th generation
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2523:
2521:
2520:5th generation
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2447:4th generation
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2415:
2413:
2412:3rd generation
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2396:2nd generation
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2380:1st generation
2377:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2315:
2302:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2255:
2226:
2219:
2192:
2169:, ed. (1860).
2155:
2126:
2097:
2077:
2060:
2031:
1992:
1969:, ed. (1861).
1955:
1932:, ed. (1860).
1918:
1895:, ed. (1860).
1881:
1866:
1839:
1833:Harold Acton:
1826:
1810:
1799:
1783:
1753:
1745:Gino Benzoni:
1732:
1699:
1676:, ed. (1861).
1665:
1658:
1636:
1615:
1592:, ed. (1860).
1576:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:Maria Salviati
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
981:
978:
977:
974:
973:
971:
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
930:
929:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
876:
873:
872:
870:
867:
866:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
850:
848:
846:
843:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
809:
808:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
777:
776:
774:
771:
770:
768:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
743:
742:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
726:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
713:
712:
710:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
693:
690:
689:
687:
684:
683:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
656:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
622:
621:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
605:
603:
601:
598:
597:
595:
592:
591:
589:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
572:
569:
568:
566:
563:
562:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
533:
532:
526:
524:
521:
451:
448:
436:Duchy of Milan
407:
404:
387:hypersexuality
341:Gonzaga family
304:
301:
221:
218:
216:
213:
184:(until 1659),
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
113:(aged 55)
107:
103:
102:
89:12 August 1629
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3554:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:Maria Theresa
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Marie Valerie
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Maria Theresa
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2827:Maria Josepha
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Maria Theresa
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:Maria Josepha
2731:
2729:
2728:Maria Theresa
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
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465:Anna Isabella
462:
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227:
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2879:Maria Amalia
2648:
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2290:Bibliography
2275:. Retrieved
2270:
2246:. Retrieved
2241:
2205:
2182:
2176:
2149:; (
2142:
2120:; (
2113:
2091:
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2051:. Retrieved
2046:
2022:. Retrieved
2015:the original
1982:
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1945:
1939:
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1902:
1874:
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417:
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391:
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273:German Queen
267:was briefly
256:
250:
223:
198:
169:
168:
111:(1685-02-24)
36:
3487:1685 deaths
3482:1629 births
3453:(1670–1703)
3413:(1587–1611)
2939:Maria Luisa
400:aphrodisiac
3476:Categories
3004:Maria Anna
2934:Maria Anna
2867:Maria Anna
2791:Maria Anna
2296:1665–1669
2187:Wikisource
1987:Wikisource
1950:Wikisource
1913:Wikisource
1694:Wikisource
1610:Wikisource
1551:References
506:Poor Clare
259:and later
205:Montferrat
178:Montferrat
85:1629-08-12
61:Montferrat
3461:(1704–08)
3445:(1649–65)
3437:(1626–27)
3429:(1617–26)
3405:(1561–87)
3397:(1549–50)
3389:(1531–40)
2633:Margarita
2481:Magdalena
2277:28 August
2248:28 August
2053:28 August
2024:28 August
523:Ancestors
498:Dominican
430:that the
92:Innsbruck
3301:Eleonore
3270:Gabriela
3244:Adelheid
3138:Eleonora
3027:Mathilda
2496:Margaret
1858:Archived
1837:. p. 84.
1775:Archived
1634:, p. 111
494:Ursuline
481:Reggiolo
471:and the
440:Po river
424:Reggiolo
313:Gazzuolo
295:and the
257:suo jure
209:Ursuline
3205:Assunta
3181:Dolores
2961:Hermine
2821:Johanna
2090:at the
2070:at the
477:Luzzara
428:Luzzara
406:Regency
281:Bohemia
186:Mayenne
3421:(1612)
3064:Sophie
2506:Helena
2217:
2206:Medici
1656:
1630:
709:(= 23)
588:(= 22)
473:Dosolo
371:Revere
325:Casale
317:Mantua
201:Mantua
190:Rethel
182:Nevers
174:Mantua
158:Mother
148:Father
126:Spouse
116:Mantua
67:Tenure
2621:María
2181:[
2018:(PDF)
2011:(PDF)
1981:[
1944:[
1907:[
1688:[
1604:[
1531:Notes
987:(= 9)
928:(= 8)
508:nun.
457:Goito
333:Spain
331:that
137:Issue
2279:2018
2250:2018
2215:ISBN
2055:2018
2026:2018
1851:in:
1768:in:
1654:ISBN
1628:ISBN
1474:31.
1442:15.
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479:and
426:and
383:Rome
287:and
279:and
215:Life
203:and
106:Died
79:Born
59:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
