280:
1063:
1053:
342:
successful, but the Isaiah Bowman School of
Geography was never able to attract a high-profile scholar to give it the prestige it needed. Isaiah Bowman retired from the Hopkins presidency at the end of 1948, and died just over a year later. Shortly after his death, the School of Geography was downgraded to department status, and, by 1968, his name was removed from the department.
206:, where he stayed for ten years. While at Yale, Bowman participated in three study expeditions to South America, in 1907, 1911 and 1913; on the third trip, he served as the leader of the group. This research provided material for his PhD dissertation, conferred in 1909, and for several publications. In 1915, he became the first director of the
299:. Bowman inherited a growing deficit due to the Great Depression and he began working to reduce the deficit and build the university's endowment. By the late 1930s, Hopkins was back on stable financial ground. Continuing his government service, Bowman became a State Department adviser to President
401:
In 1939 Roosevelt appointed Bowman to head
Project M, to find refuge for Jewish emigrants from Europe. According to "harrowing" evidence uncovered by Bowman's biographer Neil Smith, news of mass slaughter of Jews in Europe did not increase Bowman's sense of urgency for rescue or swift resettlement
337:
Upon the conclusion of the Second World War, Bowman relinquished his State
Department position and once again became a full-time university president. He presided over Hopkins’ return to a peacetime status, planning for the influx of ex-military personnel as they returned to civilian status and
267:
When the United States entered the First World War in 1917, Bowman placed the resources of the AGS at the government's service, and he was asked to "gather and prepare data" to assist with a future peace conference once the fighting stopped. Bowman sailed for France in
December 1918 as Chief
341:
His pet post-war project became the establishment of a school of geography at Johns
Hopkins. As with many non-defense disciplines, geography had languished during the war years, and it became Bowman's mission to build geography into a full-fledged division of the university. He was briefly
413:
Bowman was a known anti-Semite: extremely suspect of Jews and reluctant to hire them at the university. According to Neil Smith, Bowman fired one of the most promising young historians on the Johns
Hopkins faculty in 1939, saying "there are already too many Jews at Hopkins." In
418:, Bowman is further quoted as saying "Jews don't come to Hopkins to make the world better or anything like that. They come for two things: to make money and to marry a non-Jewish woman." In 1942, Bowman instituted a quota on the admission of Jewish students.
402:
elsewhere. Bowman's team looked for uninhabited or sparsely settled land on five continents, but not in the US. Roosevelt knew well Bowman's antisemitism and that Bowman would not cause a political uproar by encouraging resettlement of Jews in
America.
279:
444:, and has generated considerable controversy, including a public statement from the Union of Organizations of the Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca (UNOSJO) denouncing Mexico Indigena's lack of full disclosure regarding funding procured from the
1019:
405:
Bowman's opposition to accepting Jewish refugees stemmed from his deep antisemitism. At the Johns
Hopkins University, he established an anti-Jewish admissions quota in 1945, when other leading universities were dismantling their
199:. Jefferson recommended Bowman to Davis, smoothing the way for Bowman's study. After one year, by prearrangement with Jefferson, Bowman returned to Michigan in 1903 for a year, before returning again to Harvard.
682:
1006:
Reisser, Wesley (2012). The Black Book: Woodrow Wilson's Secret Plan for Peace, explores Bowman's role in the World War I peace settlements and the legacy of re-drawing borders. Lexington Books (
1242:
314:, a device that could explode an artillery shell near a target, rather than on contact or in a place where the target was predicted to be. This fuze aided greatly in repelling Japanese
433:
has helped launch international collaborative research projects, called the Bowman
Expeditions in Bowman's honor, in part to advise the U.S. government concerning future trends in the
1669:
421:
Archival research of private letters reveals Bowman intensely disliked the only tenured geography professor at
Harvard, Derwent S. Whittlesey, for his scholarship and homosexuality.
885:
Smith, N. 1987. "Academic War over the Field of Geography": The Elimination of Geography at Harvard, 1947-1951. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 77, 2, pp. 155-172
1511:
1674:
732:
1664:
1644:
1235:
276:. Bowman thus played a major role in determining distribution of land areas and national borders, especially in the Balkans, as part of the Paris Peace Conference.
303:
during the Second World War, spending part of each week in Washington, DC, and leaving the running of the university in the hands of Provost P. Stewart Macaulay.
327:
1689:
1228:
1000:, Published for The American Geographical Society of New York by Henry Holt and Company, (1916) available at Gutenberg.org in various electronic formats:
1517:
1101:
1684:
1385:
1639:
295:
Bowman directed the American Geographical Society until 1935, when he was named the fifth president of the Johns Hopkins University, succeeding
1593:
856:
857:""The Conscience of America": Human Rights, Jewish Politics, and American Foreign Policy at the United Nations San Francisco Conference, 1945"
195:), Bowman came to the attention of Mark Jefferson, a geographer who had studied at Harvard under the most prominent geographer of the day,
187:, sixty miles north of Detroit. In 1900, Isaiah became an American citizen and began intensive study to prepare himself for admittance to
947:, in the National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs, vol. 33 (1959), for the main events of his life and comments on his career5.
830:
1619:
1614:
1624:
764:
739:
1679:
1094:
977:
813:
374:
1069:
445:
1629:
1087:
594:
486:
1074:
1634:
1011:
959:
937:
378:
430:
207:
136:
104:
895:
268:
Territorial Specialist, but he quickly assumed an administrative role as well, gaining the ear of President
779:
707:
382:
363:
356:
1481:
192:
1415:
1326:
1252:
386:
307:
1266:
323:
1433:
1111:
896:"El Enemigo Común » Zapotec Indigenous People in Mexico Demand Transparency from U.S. Scholar"
164:
140:
109:
636:"The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996 − Historical Roster of Directors and Officers"
1649:
1552:
1499:
1350:
1320:
167:, 1935–1948, controversial for his antisemitism and inaction in Jewish resettlement during WWII.
1220:
370:
project as chairman of its territorial group. From 1945 to 1949 he was a CFR vice-president.
1362:
1314:
1190:
1136:
367:
300:
183:
descent, and, at the age of eight weeks, Bowman's father moved his family to a log cabin in
1659:
1654:
1576:
1564:
1368:
1272:
1178:
1166:
1142:
296:
196:
184:
8:
1451:
1079:
347:
319:
160:
66:
998:
The Andes of Southern Peru; Geographical Reconnaissance along the Seventy-Third Meridian
806:
The Great Departure: Mass Migration from Eastern Europe and the Making of the Free World
306:
In 1942, with Bowman's strong encouragement, Hopkins founded a facility that became the
1463:
1457:
1344:
1278:
1124:
967:
552:
202:
After graduating from Harvard in 1905, he became an instructor and graduate student at
89:
613:
1505:
1421:
1338:
1332:
1208:
1048:
1007:
973:
955:
933:
809:
635:
492:
482:
390:
156:
44:
1588:
1558:
1493:
1439:
1409:
1403:
1302:
1284:
1202:
1057:
868:
355:
in 1918−19 and editor in 1919−20. In 1921 he became a director of the newly formed
1391:
1308:
453:
441:
273:
203:
188:
180:
93:
1044:
1570:
1534:
1445:
1290:
1196:
1172:
331:
311:
269:
656:
318:
attacks late in the war, and in the Ardennes region of Europe during the 1944
1608:
1546:
1469:
1397:
1184:
765:"Franklin Roosevelt's 'M Project,' America's Answer to the 'Jewish Question'"
566:
Isaiah Bowman: Resolution by the Council of the American Geographical Society
288:
70:
872:
1582:
1475:
1154:
496:
407:
284:
831:"Roosevelt wanted Jews 'spread thin' and kept out of U.S., documents show"
598:
1540:
1487:
1427:
1160:
1001:
986:
Smith, Neil. “Bowman's New World and the Council on Foreign Relations.”
969:
American Empire: Roosevelt's Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization
519:
American Empire: Roosevelt's Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization
410:
systems, on grounds that Jews were an alien threat to American culture.
1296:
1130:
176:
991:
930:
Geography in the Making: The American Geographical Society, 1851–1951
449:
126:
614:"The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996 - War and Peace"
191:. Studying first at Michigan State Normal College in Ypsilanti (now
903:
437:
1250:
932:(1952), contains an analysis of Bowman's work for the society. (
393:
for his travels in South America and his services to Geography.
1066:
held at the American Geographical Society Library, UW Milwaukee
457:
48:
440:
of other countries. The first project, in Mexico, is called
434:
175:
Bowman was born in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. His family was
322:. As a State Department adviser, Bowman participated in the
1109:
1670:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
283:
Inter-American Education Conference, Secretary of State
595:"Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering"
541:. New York: American Geographical Society. p. 35.
1675:
Presidents of the American Association of Geographers
1665:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1020:"Why is Johns Hopkins Still Honoring an Antisemite?"
581:
A History of the University Founded by Johns Hopkins
512:
510:
508:
506:
521:. University of California Press. pp. 246–247.
476:
163:), was an American geographer and President of the
1645:Presidents of the International Geographical Union
1018:Laurel leff, Sanford Jacoby (February 22, 2024).
503:
1606:
1070:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
362:Before and during World War II he served on the
287:, Dr. Isiah Bowman, and Undersecretary of State
583:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. p. 462.
1690:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1236:
1095:
954:. Hamden, Connecticut, Archon Books, 1980. (
568:. American Geographical Society. p. 176.
396:
242:The New World-Problems in Political Geography
972:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
738:. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from
385:in 1930. In 1941 he was awarded the British
1017:
777:
1243:
1229:
1102:
1088:
563:
345:In 1916 he became associate editor of the
330:, playing a role in the foundation of the
854:
808:. New York: W.W.Norton. pp. 161–2.
278:
213:Some of his more notable works include:
1685:Canadian emigrants to the United States
778:Wiesen Cook, Blanche (April 18, 2004).
661:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
611:
536:
1640:Presidents of Johns Hopkins University
1607:
1002:https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42860
578:
1224:
1083:
965:
952:The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman
943:John K. Wright and George F. Carter,
803:
516:
479:The life and thought of Isaiah Bowman
452:'s Foreign Military Services Office,
424:
375:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
828:
532:
530:
528:
13:
922:
855:Loeffler, James (September 2013).
616:. The Council on Foreign Relations
159:, Canada – January 6, 1950,
14:
1701:
1620:American male non-fiction writers
1615:20th-century American geographers
1038:
1024:The Chronicle of Higher Education
733:"List of Past Gold Medal Winners"
525:
351:. He was associate editor of the
310:, where scientists perfected the
1625:American people of Swiss descent
1054:Works by or about Isaiah Bowman
990:76#4 (1986), pp. 438–460.
888:
879:
848:
822:
797:
771:
757:
725:
700:
675:
649:
481:. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.
381:in 1923, and the United States
272:and his chief adviser, Colonel
780:"The Man who Redrew the World"
628:
605:
587:
572:
564:Huntongton, Archer M. (1950).
557:
545:
470:
379:American Philosophical Society
1:
1680:American Geographical Society
463:
431:American Geographical Society
208:American Geographical Society
137:American Geographical Society
105:American Geographical Society
829:Roth, Daniel (May 2, 2018).
579:French, John Calvin (1946).
477:Martin, Geoffrey J. (1980).
383:National Academy of Sciences
364:Council of Foreign Relations
357:Council of Foreign Relations
170:
7:
861:Journal of American History
193:Eastern Michigan University
10:
1706:
1416:Charles Coulston Gillispie
1327:Charles Albert Browne, Jr.
1253:History of Science Society
397:Project M and Antisemitism
387:Royal Geographical Society
373:Bowman was elected to the
308:Applied Physics Laboratory
236:The Andes of Southern Peru
1630:Harvard University alumni
1527:
1378:
1267:Lawrence Joseph Henderson
1259:
1120:
338:resumed their education.
324:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
261:Limits of Land Settlement
153:Isaiah Bowman, AB, Ph. D.
146:
132:
122:
115:
99:
85:
77:
55:
30:
23:
1434:Lynn Townsend White, Jr.
1113:Johns Hopkins University
537:Wrigley, Gladys (1951).
328:San Francisco Conference
248:Desert Trails of Atacama
165:Johns Hopkins University
141:Johns Hopkins University
110:Johns Hopkins University
1500:Sally Gregory Kohlstedt
1351:Louis Charles Karpinski
1321:Harvey Williams Cushing
1075:Papers of Isaiah Bowman
429:Beginning in 2005, the
1635:Yale University alumni
1045:Works by Isaiah Bowman
928:John Kirtland Wright,
292:
244:(1921). Many reprints.
1363:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
1315:J. Playfair McMurrich
1191:William C. Richardson
1137:Frank Johnson Goodnow
873:10.1093/jahist/jat269
745:on September 27, 2011
368:War and Peace Studies
301:Franklin D. Roosevelt
282:
224:Well-Drilling Methods
1577:Angela N. H. Creager
1565:Paul Lawrence Farber
1369:John Farquhar Fulton
1273:James Henry Breasted
1179:Milton S. Eisenhower
1167:Milton S. Eisenhower
1143:Joseph Sweetman Ames
966:Smith, Neil (2003).
950:Martin, Geoffrey J.
804:Zahra, Tara (2016).
687:search.amphilsoc.org
683:"APS Member History"
517:Smith, Neil (2003).
353:Journal of Geography
297:Joseph Sweetman Ames
197:William Morris Davis
185:Brown City, Michigan
155:(December 26, 1878,
1452:Richard S. Westfall
988:Geographical Review
553:online 4th ed. 1928
348:Geographical Review
320:Battle of the Bulge
218:Forest Physiography
161:Baltimore, Maryland
103:Founding Director,
67:Baltimore, Maryland
16:American geographer
1464:Frederic L. Holmes
1458:Robert P. Multhauf
1345:Richard H. Shryock
1279:David Eugene Smith
1251:Presidents of the
1125:Daniel Coit Gilman
900:elenemigocomun.net
663:. February 9, 2023
601:on April 19, 2015.
425:Bowman Expeditions
293:
254:The Pioneer Fringe
90:Harvard University
1602:
1601:
1518:Albert Van Helden
1512:Frederick Gregory
1506:David C. Lindberg
1339:Henry E. Sigerist
1333:Chauncey D. Leake
1218:
1217:
1209:Ronald J. Daniels
1049:Project Gutenberg
979:978-0-520-23027-9
906:on April 12, 2009
815:978-0-393-07801-5
784:Los Angeles Times
767:. April 30, 2018.
712:www.nasonline.org
157:Waterloo, Ontario
150:
149:
117:Scientific career
45:Waterloo, Ontario
41:December 26, 1878
1697:
1589:Bernard Lightman
1559:Jane Maienschein
1494:Stephen G. Brush
1440:Erwin N. Hiebert
1410:Marshall Clagett
1404:I. Bernard Cohen
1303:William H. Welch
1285:Edgar Fahs Smith
1245:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1203:William R. Brody
1114:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1062:Isaiah Bowman's
1058:Internet Archive
1034:
1032:
1030:
983:
962:/ 0-208-01844-1)
940:/ 0-208-01844-1)
916:
915:
913:
911:
902:. Archived from
892:
886:
883:
877:
876:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
826:
820:
819:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
775:
769:
768:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
744:
737:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
632:
626:
625:
623:
621:
609:
603:
602:
597:. Archived from
591:
585:
584:
576:
570:
569:
561:
555:
549:
543:
542:
534:
523:
522:
514:
501:
500:
474:
62:
40:
38:
21:
20:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1523:
1482:William Coleman
1392:Dorothy Stimson
1374:
1309:Berthold Laufer
1255:
1249:
1219:
1214:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1041:
1028:
1026:
996:Bowman, Isaiah
980:
925:
923:Further reading
920:
919:
909:
907:
894:
893:
889:
884:
880:
853:
849:
839:
837:
827:
823:
816:
802:
798:
788:
786:
776:
772:
763:
762:
758:
748:
746:
742:
735:
731:
730:
726:
716:
714:
708:"Isaiah Bowman"
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
681:
680:
676:
666:
664:
657:"Isaiah Bowman"
655:
654:
650:
640:
638:
634:
633:
629:
619:
617:
610:
606:
593:
592:
588:
577:
573:
562:
558:
550:
546:
535:
526:
515:
504:
489:
475:
471:
466:
454:Ft. Leavenworth
442:Mexico Indigena
427:
416:American Empire
399:
259:Main Editor of
173:
139:
107:
94:Yale University
92:
86:Alma mater
73:
64:
60:
59:January 6, 1950
51:
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Geopoliticians
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1571:Lynn K. Nyhart
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1535:Ronald Numbers
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1446:John C. Greene
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1422:C. D. O'Malley
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1386:Harcourt Brown
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1291:Lynn Thorndike
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1197:Daniel Nathans
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1173:Lincoln Gordon
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1110:Presidents of
1107:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1051:
1040:
1039:External links
1037:
1036:
1035:
1015:
1004:
994:
984:
978:
963:
948:
941:
924:
921:
918:
917:
887:
878:
867:(2): 419–420.
847:
835:Jerusalem Post
821:
814:
796:
770:
756:
724:
699:
674:
648:
627:
604:
586:
571:
556:
544:
524:
502:
487:
468:
467:
465:
462:
426:
423:
398:
395:
391:Patron's Medal
332:United Nations
312:proximity fuze
270:Woodrow Wilson
265:
264:
257:
251:
245:
239:
233:
227:
221:
172:
169:
148:
147:
144:
143:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
113:
112:
101:
100:Known for
97:
96:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
65:
63:(aged 71)
57:
53:
52:
43:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1702:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:Michael Sokal
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:Gerald Holton
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:Henry Guerlac
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1357:Isaiah Bowman
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:Steven Muller
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:Isaiah Bowman
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
975:
971:
970:
964:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:
945:Isaiah Bowman
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:
905:
901:
897:
891:
882:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
836:
832:
825:
817:
811:
807:
800:
785:
781:
774:
766:
760:
741:
734:
728:
713:
709:
703:
688:
684:
678:
662:
658:
652:
637:
631:
615:
612:Peter Grose.
608:
600:
596:
590:
582:
575:
567:
560:
554:
548:
540:
539:Isaiah Bowman
533:
531:
529:
520:
513:
511:
509:
507:
498:
494:
490:
488:0-208-01844-1
484:
480:
473:
469:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:
432:
422:
419:
417:
411:
409:
403:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
377:in 1916, the
376:
371:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
349:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
290:
289:Sumner Welles
286:
281:
277:
275:
271:
262:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:South America
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
58:
54:
50:
46:
33:
29:
25:Isaiah Bowman
22:
19:
1594:Jan Golinski
1583:Janet Browne
1528:2000–present
1476:Edward Grant
1356:
1155:Detlev Bronk
1148:
1029:February 26,
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
997:
987:
968:
951:
944:
929:
908:. Retrieved
904:the original
899:
890:
881:
864:
860:
850:
838:. Retrieved
834:
824:
805:
799:
787:. Retrieved
783:
773:
759:
747:. Retrieved
740:the original
727:
715:. Retrieved
711:
702:
690:. Retrieved
686:
677:
665:. Retrieved
660:
651:
639:. Retrieved
630:
618:. Retrieved
607:
599:the original
589:
580:
574:
565:
559:
547:
538:
518:
478:
472:
428:
420:
415:
412:
408:Jewish quota
404:
400:
372:
361:
352:
346:
344:
340:
336:
315:
305:
294:
285:Cordell Hull
274:Edward House
266:
260:
253:
247:
241:
235:
229:
223:
217:
212:
201:
174:
152:
151:
133:Institutions
116:
61:(1950-01-06)
18:
1660:1950 deaths
1655:1878 births
1585:(2016–2017)
1579:(2014–2015)
1573:(2012–2013)
1567:(2010–2011)
1561:(2008–2009)
1555:(2006–2007)
1553:Joan Cadden
1549:(2004–2005)
1543:(2002–2003)
1541:John Servos
1537:(2000–2001)
1520:(1998–1999)
1514:(1996–1997)
1508:(1994–1995)
1502:(1992–1993)
1496:(1990–1991)
1490:(1988–1989)
1488:Mary Jo Nye
1478:(1985–1986)
1472:(1983–1984)
1466:(1981–1982)
1460:(1979–1980)
1454:(1977-1978)
1448:(1975–1976)
1442:(1973–1974)
1436:(1971–1972)
1430:(1969–1970)
1428:Thomas Kuhn
1424:(1967–1968)
1418:(1965–1966)
1412:(1963–1964)
1406:(1961–1962)
1400:(1957–1960)
1394:(1953–1956)
1388:(1951–1952)
1371:(1947–1950)
1365:(1945–1946)
1353:(1943–1944)
1347:(1940–1942)
1335:(1937–1938)
1329:(1935–1936)
1269:(1924–1925)
1161:Lowell Reed
1064:photographs
910:January 12,
108:President,
78:Nationality
1609:Categories
1297:Henry Crew
1131:Ira Remsen
1012:073918539X
960:0208018441
938:0208018441
749:August 24,
717:August 28,
692:August 28,
667:August 28,
464:References
448:, via the
37:1878-12-26
1379:1950–1999
1260:1924–1949
450:U.S. Army
177:Mennonite
171:Biography
127:Geography
840:July 31,
789:July 31,
641:June 12,
620:June 12,
326:and the
316:kamikaze
81:American
1056:at the
497:6277394
438:terrain
250:(1924).
210:(AGS).
189:Harvard
179:and of
1484:(1987)
1359:(1944)
1341:(1939)
1323:(1934)
1317:(1933)
1311:(1932)
1305:(1931)
1299:(1930)
1293:(1929)
1287:(1928)
1281:(1927)
1275:(1926)
1211:(2009)
1205:(1996)
1199:(1995)
1193:(1990)
1187:(1972)
1181:(1971)
1175:(1967)
1169:(1956)
1163:(1953)
1157:(1949)
1151:(1935)
1145:(1929)
1139:(1914)
1133:(1901)
1127:(1875)
1010:
992:online
976:
958:
936:
812:
495:
485:
458:Kansas
263:(1937)
256:(1931)
238:(1916)
232:(1915)
226:(1911)
220:(1911)
123:Fields
49:Canada
743:(PDF)
736:(PDF)
435:human
181:Swiss
1031:2024
1008:ISBN
974:ISBN
956:ISBN
934:ISBN
912:2022
842:2022
810:ISBN
791:2022
751:2015
719:2023
694:2023
669:2023
643:2008
622:2008
551:See
493:OCLC
483:ISBN
204:Yale
56:Died
31:Born
1047:at
869:doi
865:100
446:DOD
389:'s
71:USA
1611::
1022:.
898:.
863:.
859:.
833:.
782:.
710:.
685:.
659:.
527:^
505:^
491:.
460:.
456:,
366:'
359:.
334:.
69:,
47:,
1244:e
1237:t
1230:v
1103:e
1096:t
1089:v
1033:.
1014:)
982:.
914:.
875:.
871::
844:.
818:.
793:.
753:.
721:.
696:.
671:.
645:.
624:.
499:.
291:.
39:)
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
