3986:
6809:"Sufi practices are merely attempts to attain psychic states—for their own sake—though it is claimed the pursuit represents seeking closeness to God, and that the achieved magical powers are gifts of advanced spirituality. For several reasons, Sufism was generally looked upon as heretical among Muslim scholars. Among the deviations introduced by the Sufis was the tendency to believe the daily prayers to be only for the masses who had not achieved deeper spiritual knowledge, but could be disregarded by those more advanced spiritually. The Sufis introduced the practice of congregational Dhikr, or religious oral exercises, consisting of a continuous repetition of the name of God. These practices were unknown to early Islam, and consequently regarded as Bid'ah, meaning "unfounded innovation". Also, many of the Sufis adopted the practice of total Tawakkul, or complete "trust" or "dependence" on God, by avoiding all kinds of labor or commerce, refusing medical care when they were ill, and living by begging."
5005:(c. 1058 – 1111), full name Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭūsiyy al-Ġazzālīy was a Sunni Muslim polymath. He is known as one of the most prominent and influential Sufi, jurisconsult, legal theoretician, mufti, philosopher, theologian, logician and mystic in Islamic history. He is considered to be the 11th century's mujaddid, a renewer of the faith, who appears once every 100 years. Al-Ghazali's works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that he was awarded the honorific title "Proof of Islam". He was a prominent mujtahid in the Shafi'i school of law. His magnum opus is Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm ad-dīn ("The Revival of the Religious Sciences"). His works include Tahāfut al-Falāsifa ("Incoherence of the Philosophers"), a landmark in the history of philosophy.
4711:(830–910) was one of the great early Sufis. His practice of Sufism was considered dry and sober unlike some of the more ecstatic behaviours of other Sufis during his life. His order was the Junaydiyya, which links to the golden chain of many Sufi orders. He laid the groundwork for sober mysticism in contrast to that of God-intoxicated Sufis like al-Hallaj, Bayazid Bastami and Abusaeid Abolkheir. During the trial of al-Hallaj, his former disciple, the Caliph of the time demanded his fatwa. In response, he issued this fatwa: "From the outward appearance he is to die and we judge according to the outward appearance and God knows better". He is referred to by Sufis as Sayyid-ut Taifa—i.e., the leader of the group. He lived and died in the city of Baghdad.
9817:
3844:), he is spiritually reborn to the truth. At the beginning of the Sema, by holding his arms crosswise, the semazen appears to represent the number one, thus testifying to God's unity. While whirling, his arms are open: his right arm is directed to the sky, ready to receive God's beneficence; his left hand, upon which his eyes are fastened, is turned toward the earth. The semazen conveys God's spiritual gift to those who are witnessing the Sema. Revolving from right to left around the heart, the semazen embraces all humanity with love. The human being has been created with love in order to love. Mevlâna Jalâluddîn Rumi says, "All loves are a bridge to Divine love. Yet, those who have not had a taste of it do not know!"
2729:, liberal nationalists, and, some decades later, socialist movements in the Muslim world. Sufi orders were accused of fostering popular superstitions, resisting modern intellectual attitudes, and standing in the way of progressive reforms. Ideological attacks on Sufism were reinforced by agrarian and educational reforms, as well as new forms of taxation, which were instituted by Westernizing national governments, undermining the economic foundations of Sufi orders. The extent to which Sufi orders declined in the first half of the 20th century varied from country to country, but by the middle of the century the very survival of the orders and traditional Sufi lifestyle appeared doubtful to many observers.
3024:
4614:: Sufism says: abandonment, then adornment, then manifestation, abandonment of reprehensible morals, and liberation from the shackles of the dark forces in the soul of lust, anger, and envy, the morals of animals, wild beasts, and demons. Then have good morals, and enlighten the heart and soul with the light of our Master, the Messenger of God and his family, then the lights of God will be revealed to the eyes of the heart after erasing the veils that were blocking the heart from viewing and enjoying them. This is the highest bliss for the people of Paradise. With it, God honors the elite of His beloved servants in this abode, each according to his luck and share from the Messenger of God.
6628:
13046:"Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists would develop the thesis that Sufism and Islam were separate religious phenomena. The effect on Sufism in the West was twofold. The first impacted on the academic study of Sufism and the second on the development of Sufism as a religious form in Europe and North America. The separation of Sufism from its Islamic roots led to an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical literature at the expense of the lived religion practised throughout the Muslim world and perceived as part and parcel of a normative Islamic worldview, even if deeply contested in the Muslim majority world."
3541:), and to embrace with certainty its tenets. The seeker must also, of necessity, turn away from sins, love of this world, the love of company and renown, obedience to satanic impulse, and the promptings of the lower self. (The way in which this purification of the heart is achieved is outlined in certain books, but must be prescribed in detail by a Sufi master.) The seeker must also be trained to prevent the corruption of those good deeds which have accrued to his or her credit by overcoming the traps of ostentation, pride, arrogance, envy, and long hopes (meaning the hope for a long life allowing us to mend our ways later, rather than immediately, here and now).
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2706:
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3746:—my God, you are my Goal and Your good pleasure is what I seek". Then he brings to his heart the Name of the Essence—Allâh—and as it courses through his heart he remains attentive to its meaning, which is "Essence without likeness". The seeker remains aware that He is Present, Watchful, Encompassing of all, thereby exemplifying the meaning of his saying (may God bless him and grant him peace): "Worship God as though you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He sees you". And likewise the prophetic tradition: "The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be".
3152:. Fariduddin Attar stated, "Muhammad is the exemplar to both worlds, the guide of the descendants of Adam. He is the sun of creation, the moon of the celestial spheres, the all-seeing eye...The seven heavens and the eight gardens of paradise were created for him; he is both the eye and the light in the light of our eyes." Sufis have historically stressed the importance of Muhammad's perfection and his ability to intercede. The persona of Muhammad has historically been and remains an integral and critical aspect of Sufi belief and practice. Bayazid Bastami is recorded to have been so devoted to the
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3270:, the existential confession that God is One. Ibn Arabi says, "When we see someone in this Community who claims to be able to guide others to God, but is remiss in but one rule of the Sacred Law—even if he manifests miracles that stagger the mind—asserting that his shortcoming is a special dispensation for him, we do not even turn to look at him, for such a person is not a sheikh, nor is he speaking the truth, for no one is entrusted with the secrets of God Most High save one in whom the ordinances of the Sacred Law are preserved. (
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of renowned Sufi teachers and quickly demonstrated exceptional talent and understanding. His primary teacher was Sayyid
Muhammad Baba As-Samasi, who initiated him into the spiritual path. His approach to Sufism emphasized inner contemplation, discipline, and a focus on the unseen. He advocated for a balanced lifestyle, combining spiritual practices with worldly responsibilities. His teachings were rooted in the Quran and the Sunnah, and he emphasized the importance of following the example of the Prophet Muhammad.
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2629:
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3303:, narrated a tradition in which a man asked Malik "about something in the inward science", to which Malik replied: "Truly none knows the inward science except those who know the outward science! When he knows the outward science and puts it into practice, God shall open for him the inward science – and that will not take place except by the opening of his heart and its enlightenment." In other similar traditions, it is related that Malik said: "He who practices Sufism (
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I resorted to my intrinsic proclivity. During these turbulent years, numerous astonishing and indescribable secrets of life were unveiled to me. I was convinced that the group of Aulia (holy mystics) is the only truthful group who follow the right path, display best conduct and surpass all sages in their wisdom and insight. They derive all their overt or covert behaviour from the illumining guidance of the holy
Prophet, the only guidance worth quest and pursuit.
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6865:, an American think-tank, issued a major report titled "Building Moderate Muslim Networks", which urged the US government to form links with and bolster Muslim groups that opposed Islamist extremism. The report stressed the Sufi role as moderate traditionalists open to change, and thus as allies against violence. News organisations such as the BBC, Economist and Boston Globe have also seen Sufism as a means to deal with violent Muslim extremists.
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6883:"stresses that Sufism lies behind and before systematization; that 'our wine existed before what you call the grape and the vine' (the school and the system)..." Shah's views have however been rejected by modern scholars. Such modern trends of neo-Sufis in Western countries allow non-Muslims to receive "instructions on following the Sufi path", not without opposition by Muslims who consider such instruction outside the sphere of Islam.
4541:: which is concerned with knowing the thoughts and conversations of souls. In the hadith: (Fear the insight of the believer, for he sees with the light of God), and it depends on his strength. Proximity and knowledge. The stronger the closeness and the more knowledgeable the knowledge becomes, the more accurate the insight becomes, because if the soul is close to the presence of the truth, nothing but the truth often appears in it.
3907:) have traditionally been considered as prohibited by the four orthodox Sunni schools, and the more orthodox Sufi tariqas also continued to prohibit their use. Throughout history most Sufi saints have stressed that musical instruments are forbidden. However some Sufi Saints permitted and encouraged it, whilst maintaining that musical instruments and female voices should not be introduced, although these are common practice today.
1400:
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4094:. From the twelfth to the fourteenth century, "the general veneration of saints, among both people and sovereigns, reached its definitive form with the organization of Sufism ... into orders or brotherhoods." In the common expressions of Islamic piety of this period, the saint was understood to be "a contemplative whose state of spiritual perfection ... permanent expression in the teaching bequeathed to his disciples."
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6205:, led to a long trial. He was imprisoned for 11 years in a Baghdad prison, before being tortured and publicly beheaded on March 26, 922. He is still revered by Sufis for his willingness to embrace torture and death rather than recant. It is said that during his prayers, he would say "O Lord! You are the guide of those who are passing through the Valley of Bewilderment. If I am a heretic, enlarge my heresy".
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4622:: It is seeking blessing from God through legitimate reasons, the greatest of which is begging Him for that by which one has been blessed, whether it is a person, an effect, or a place. This blessing, as they believe, is sought by being exposed to it in its proper place by turning to God and supplicating to Him. They cite as evidence the many stories of the Companions’ blessings of the Prophet Muhammad.
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6162:(or Ibn al-'Arabi) (AH 561 – AH 638; July 28, 1165 – November 10, 1240) is regarded as one of the most influential Sufi masters in the history of Sufism, revered for his profound spiritual insight, refined taste, and deep knowledge of God. Over the centuries, he has been honored with the title "The Grand Master" (Arabic: الشيخ الأكبر). Ibn Arabi also founded the Sufi order known as "
685:
4359:), and is able to enter the order with a glimpse of its endpoint, of direct apprehension of the Divine Presence towards which all spiritual striving is directed. This does not replace the striving to purify the heart, as in the other branch; it simply stems from a different point of entry into the path. This is the way primarily of the masters of the Naqshbandi and
6912:(Critical Study of Indian Speech: Rationally Acceptable or Rejected) discusses the similarity of some Sufism concepts with aspects of Hinduism, such as: Atma with ruh, tanasukh with reincarnation, Mokhsha with Fanafillah, Ittihad with Nirvana: union between Paramatma in Jivatma, Avatar or Incarnation with Hulul, Vedanta with Wahdatul Ujud, Mujahadah with Sadhana.
6801:
literature" in the academic study of Sufism at the expense of the lived practises in Islam, as well as a separation of Sufism from its
Islamic roots in the development of Sufism as a religious form in the West. Figures like Rumi have become well known in the United States, where Sufism is perceived as a peaceful and apolitical form of Islam.
3200:
that the divine attributes of God are manifested through
Muhammad. Ibn Arabi maintains that Muhammad is the best proof of God, and by knowing Muhammad one knows God. Ibn Arabi also maintains that Muhammad is the master of all of humanity in both this world and the afterlife. In this view, Islam is the best religion because Muhammad is Islam.
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object to destiny and do not They are satisfied with God's ruling, their trust is diminished, and they rely with their hearts on the reasons, for they are their scene and the subject of their consideration, and their view is not that God
Almighty is the one who disposes, gives, and prevents.. Most people live as captives of their souls.
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instance, much Sufi poetry refers to intoxication, which Islam expressly forbids. This usage of indirect language and the existence of interpretations by people who had no training in Islam or Sufism led to doubts being cast over the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. Also, some groups emerged that considered themselves above the
3500:
times, it has been increasingly used by scholars like Mark
Sedgwick in the opposite sense, to describe various forms of Sufi-influenced spirituality in the West, in particular the deconfessionalized spiritual movements which emphasize universal elements of the Sufi tradition and de-emphasize its Islamic context.
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3102:, for 20 years, until as-Samasi died. He is said to then have served several other teachers for lengthy periods of time. He is said to have helped the poorer members of the community for many years, and after this concluded his teacher directed him to care for animals cleaning their wounds, and assisting them.
1640:", "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice".
3879:
4933:
was a prominent Sufi master of the 14th century, renowned for founding the
Naqshbandi Sufi order. Born in 1318 in the village of Qasr-i Hinduvan near Bukhara, Uzbekistan, he was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. His early life was marked by a deep spiritual inclination. He sought out the guidance
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is said to have castigated himself before her superior merits and sincere virtues. Rabi'a was born of very poor origin, but was captured by bandits at a later age and sold into slavery. She was however released by her master when he awoke one night to see the light of sanctity shining above her head.
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However, defying these predictions, Sufism and Sufi orders have continued to play a major role in the Muslim world, also expanding into Muslim-minority countries. Its ability to articulate an inclusive
Islamic identity with greater emphasis on personal and small-group piety has made Sufism especially
2382:
The vicissitudes of life, family affairs and financial constraints engulfed my life and deprived me of the congenial solitude. The heavy odds confronted me and provided me with few moments for my pursuits. This state of affairs lasted for ten years, but whenever I had some spare and congenial moments
6800:
Sufi mysticism has long exercised a fascination upon the
Western world, and especially its Orientalist scholars. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists treated Sufism and Islam as distinct subjects, leading to "an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical
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for such knowledge to be obtained (if at all), given proper prerequisites and proper guidance by a master of the way. Furthermore, the emphasis on practices may obscure a far more important fact: The seeker is, in a sense, to become a broken person, stripped of all habits through the practice of (in
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by Abu Bakr ibn
Muzaffar. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions
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On the one hand there is the order from the signs to the Signifier (or from the arts to the Artisan). In this branch, the seeker begins by purifying the lower self of every corrupting influence that stands in the way of recognizing all of creation as the work of God, as God's active self-disclosure
3532:
My servant draws near to Me through nothing I love more than that which I have made obligatory for him. My servant never ceases drawing near to Me through supererogatory works until I love him. Then, when I love him, I am his hearing through which he hears, his sight through which he sees, his hand
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for human beings to aspire to emulate. Ibn Arabi believes that God's attributes and names are manifested in this world and that the most complete and perfect display of these divine attributes and names are seen in Muhammad. Ibn Arabi believes that one may see God in the mirror of Muhammad, meaning
3111:
His aspiration preceded all other aspirations, his existence preceded nothingness, and his name preceded the Pen, because he existed before all peoples. There is not in the horizons, beyond the horizons or below the horizons, anyone more elegant, more noble, more knowing, more just, more fearsome,
3521:
The devotional practices of Sufis vary widely. Prerequisites to practice include rigorous adherence to Islamic norms (ritual prayer in its five prescribed times each day, the fast of Ramadan, and so forth). Additionally, the seeker ought to be firmly grounded in supererogatory practices known from
2280:
Existing in both Sunni and Shia Islam, Sufism is not a distinct sect, as is sometimes erroneously assumed, but a method of approaching or a way of understanding the religion, which strives to take the regular practice of the religion to the "supererogatory level" through simultaneously "fulfilling
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Within the Sufi tradition, the formation of the orders did not immediately produce lineages of master and disciple. There are few examples before the eleventh century of complete lineages going back to the Prophet Muhammad. Yet the symbolic importance of these lineages was immense: they provided a
1885:
Practitioners of Sufism hold that in its early stages of development Sufism effectively referred to nothing more than the internalization of Islam. According to one perspective, it is directly from the Qur'an, constantly recited, meditated, and experienced, that Sufism proceeded, in its origin and
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In July 2016, at International Sufi Festival held in Noida Film City, UP, India, H.E. Abdul Basit who was the High Commissioner of Pakistan to India at that time, while inaugurating the exhibition of Farkhananda Khan ‘Fida’ said, "There is no barrier of words or explanation about the paintings or
4937:
Naqshbandi order became one of the most influential Sufi orders in Islamic history. It spread throughout Central Asia, the Middle East, and eventually to South Asia and the West. The order's emphasis on spiritual discipline, inner work, and social engagement resonated with many seekers. Bahauddin
3499:
and used by other scholars to describe reformist currents among 18th century Sufi orders, whose goal was to remove some of the more ecstatic and pantheistic elements of the Sufi tradition and reassert the importance of Islamic law as the basis for inner spirituality and social activism. In recent
2304:
As a mystic and ascetic aspect of Islam, it is considered as the part of Islamic teaching that deals with the purification of the inner self. By focusing on the more spiritual aspects of religion, Sufis strive to obtain direct experience of God by making use of "intuitive and emotional faculties"
4562:
In the hadith (Whoever knows himself knows his Lord), the Sufis said: Whoever knows himself with imperfection, need, and servitude, knows his Lord with perfection, richness, and divinity, but few people know themselves in this sense and see it as it really is, so most people dispute divinity and
3395:
In short, Muslim scholars who focused their energies on understanding the normative guidelines for the body came to be known as jurists, and those who held that the most important task was to train the mind in achieving correct understanding came to be divided into three main schools of thought:
3135:
stated, "He who chooses a path contrary to that of the prophet shall never reach the destination. O Saadi, do not think that one can treat that way of purity except in the wake of the chosen one." Rumi attributes his self-control and abstinence from worldly desires as qualities attained by him
3378:
The literature of Sufism emphasizes highly subjective matters that resist outside observation, such as the subtle states of the heart. Often these resist direct reference or description, with the consequence that the authors of various Sufi treatises took recourse to allegorical language. For
6836:
The Islamic Institute in Mannheim, Germany, which works towards the integration of Europe and Muslims, sees Sufism as particularly suited for interreligious dialogue and intercultural harmonisation in democratic and pluralist societies; it has described Sufism as a symbol of tolerance and
3066:
As a further example, the prospective adherent of the Mevlevi Order would have been ordered to serve in the kitchens of a hospice for the poor for 1001 days prior to being accepted for spiritual instruction, and a further 1,001 days in solitary retreat as a precondition of completing that
4594:: In Sufism there must be a spiritual influence, which comes through the Sheikh who took the method from his Sheikh until the chain of reception reaches in a continuous chain of transmission from the Sheikh to the Messenger Muhammad. They say: He who has no sheikh, his sheikh is Satan.
6849:, "the Sufis are much more than tactical allies for the West: they are, potentially, the greatest hope for pluralism and democracy within Muslim nations." Likewise, several governments and organisations have advocated the promotion of Sufism as a means of combating intolerant and
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summit at Mecca in December 2005, and by six other international Islamic scholarly assemblies including the International Islamic Fiqh Academy of Jeddah, in July 2006. The definition of Sufism can vary drastically between different traditions (what may be intended is simple
2584:
The rise of Islamic civilization coincides strongly with the spread of Sufi philosophy in Islam. The spread of Sufism has been considered a definitive factor in the spread of Islam, and in the creation of integrally Islamic cultures, especially in Africa and Asia. The
6972:. Inayat Khan believed that the God worshipped by Sufis is not specific to any particular religion or creed, but is the same God worshipped by people of all beliefs. This God is not limited by any name, whether it be Allah, God, Gott, Dieu, Khuda, Brahma, or Bhagwan.
4571:: There are three basic stages of the soul, as Sufi wisdom states, as well as various verses from the Qur’an. Sufism calls them “stages” in continuous processes of development and refinement. In addition to the three main stages, four additional stages are mentioned.
3386:
For these and other reasons, the relationship between traditional Islamic scholars and Sufism is complex, and a range of scholarly opinion on Sufism in Islam has been the norm. Some scholars, such as Al-Ghazali, helped its propagation while other scholars opposed it.
1819:, one is pledging allegiance to Muhammad; therefore, a spiritual connection between the seeker and Muhammad is established. It is through Muhammad that Sufis aim to learn about, understand and connect with God. Ali is regarded as one of the major figures amongst the
4898:("Benefactor of the Poor"), he is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order. Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established the order in the Indian subcontinent. The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti,
7152:. In the book, he evidences a great appreciation for, and affinity to, Sufism. Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school, which was centered in
2958:, the French scholar, became a Sufi in the early twentieth century and was known as Sheikh Abdul Wahid Yahya. His manifold writings defined the practice of Sufism as the essence of Islam, but also pointed to the universality of its message. Spiritualists, such as
4910:(each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history. Moinuddin Chishtī turned towards India, reputedly after a dream in which Muhammad blessed him to do so. After a brief stay at Lahore, he reached
4255:, a favor or spiritual gift freely bestowed by God. The marvels ascribed to Islamic saints have included supernatural physical actions, predictions of the future, and "interpretation of the secrets of hearts". Historically, a "belief in the miracles of saints (
1632:
has argued against such distinctions, stating, in the Medieval period Sufism and Islam were more or less the same. In modern scholarly usage, the term serves to describe a wide range of social, cultural, political and religious phenomena associated with Sufis.
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Unfortunately, the name "Qawwali" is now only used if there is an addition of musical instruments and at times with the "add on" of dancing and whirling depending on the mood of those present. Musical instruments are forbidden. And so is dancing if it is with
3144:) because he is the most perfect existent creature of this human species. For this reason, the command began with him and was sealed with him. He was a Prophet while Adam was between water and clay, and his elemental structure is the Seal of the Prophets."
3741:
He is to collect all of his bodily senses in concentration, and to cut himself off from all preoccupation and notions that inflict themselves upon the heart. And thus he is to turn his full consciousness towards God Most High while saying three times:
6329:(d. 465/1072), an indispensable reference book for those who study and specialize in Islamic mysticism. It is considered as one of the most popular Sufi manuals and has served as a primary textbook for many generations of Sufi novices to the present.
3031:
To the Sufi, it is the transmission of divine light from the teacher's heart to the heart of the student, rather than worldly knowledge, that allows the adept to progress. They further believe that the teacher should attempt inerrantly to follow the
2945:
A number of Westerners have embarked with varying degrees of success on the path of Sufism. One of the first to return to Europe as an official representative of a Sufi order, and with the specific purpose to spread Sufism in Western Europe, was the
2467:). Contrary to popular perception in the West, however, neither the founders of these orders nor their followers ever considered themselves to be anything other than orthodox Sunni Muslims, and in fact all of these orders were attached to one of the
7192:, in its entry on Sufism, states that the revival of Jewish mysticism in Muslim countries is probably due to the spread of Sufism in the same geographical areas. The entry details many parallels to Sufic concepts found in the writings of prominent
7232:
is considered one of the most influential figures of Sufism, as well as one of the greatest poets of all time. He has become one of the most widely read poets in the United States, thanks largely to the interpretative translations published by
4602:: The disciple pledges allegiance to the guide, and pledges to walk with him on the path of abandoning faults, displaying good qualities, achieving the pillar of benevolence, and advancing in his stations. It is like a promise and covenant.
3548:
for gaining knowledge. The traditional scholars of Sufism hold it as absolutely axiomatic that knowledge of God is not a psychological state generated through breath control. Thus, practice of "techniques" is not the cause, but instead the
3985:
4852:). He taught that his followers need not abstain from what Islam has not forbidden, but to be grateful for what God has bestowed upon them, in contrast to the majority of Sufis, who preach to deny oneself and to destroy the ego-self (
6503:
4484:: It is a light that comes to those who walk in their journey to God. He reveals to them the veil of sense, and removes from them the causes of matter as a result of the striving, seclusion and remembrance they take themselves with.
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theology, philosophy, and Sufism. This leaves us with the third domain of human existence, the spirit. Most Muslims who devoted their major efforts to developing the spiritual dimensions of the human person came to be known as Sufis.
8351:
Sufism is the esoteric or inward dimension of Islam Islamic esoterism is, however not exhausted by Sufism but the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of Islamic esotericism is to be found in
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are thought of as faculties that are to be purified sequentially in order to bring the seeker's wayfaring to completion. A concise and useful summary of this system from a living exponent of this tradition has been published by
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Opposition to Sufi teachers and orders from more literalist and legalist strains of Islam existed in various forms throughout Islamic history. It took on a particularly violent form in the 18th century with the emergence of the
12957:
4069:
Since the first Muslim hagiographies were written during the period when Sufism began its rapid expansion, many of the figures who later came to be regarded as the major saints in Sunni Islam were the early Sufi mystics, like
1623:
The term Sufism was originally introduced into European languages in the 18th century by Orientalist scholars, who viewed it mainly as an intellectual doctrine and literary tradition at variance with what they saw as sterile
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with kitchens where these seekers could serve the poor and/or complete a period of initiation, a library, and other structures. No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism in this period.
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and others. Spiritual experiences were desired by Sufis through Sama, listening to poetry or Islamic mystical verses with the use of different musical instruments, aiming to attain ecstasy in divine love of Allah and his
3059:. However, this belief puts Sufism in "direct conflict" with Shia Islam, since both the Qutb (who for most Sufi orders is the head of the order) and the Imam fulfill the role of "the purveyor of spiritual guidance and of
10928:
Radtke, B.; Lory, P.; Zarcone, Th.; DeWeese, D.; Gaborieau, M.; Denny, F.M.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J.O.; Mchugh, N. (2012). "Walī". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
8309:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.12: "Mystics on the other hand-and Sufism is a kind of mysticism-are by definition concerned above all with 'the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven'".
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12362:
Sheikh Shihabuddin Abu Hafs Suhrawardi was a great scholar who wrote the Awarif al-Ma'arif (The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), which became one of the most popular Sufi books for seekers to read, memorize, and study
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that described ethical and spiritual goals and functioned as teaching tools for their attainment. Many other terms that described particular spiritual qualities and roles were used instead in more practical contexts.
13742:
See Sefer Hammaspiq, "Happerishuth", Chapter 11 ("Ha-mmaʿaḇāq") s.v. hithbonen efo be-masoreth mufla'a zo, citing the Talmudic explanation of Jeremiah 13:27 in Chagigah 5b; in Rabbi Yaakov Wincelberg's translation,
9415:
Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W.C.; Jong, F. de; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise (2012). "Taṣawwuf". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
6182:(the Oneness of Being). He himself considered his writings to have been divinely inspired. As he expressed the Way to one of his close disciples, his legacy is that 'you should never ever abandon your servant-hood (
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Between the 13th and 16th centuries, Sufism produced a flourishing intellectual culture throughout the Islamic world, a "Renaissance" whose physical artifacts survive. In many places a person or group would endow a
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Naqshband died in 1389, leaving behind a rich legacy of spiritual teachings and practices. His influence continues to be felt today, as the Naqshbandi order remains a vibrant and active force in the Islamic world.
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Sufism has contributed significantly to the elaboration of theoretical perspectives in many domains of intellectual endeavor. For instance, the doctrine of "subtle centers" or centers of subtle cognition (known as
3082:. Although approaches to teaching vary among different Sufi orders, Sufism as a whole is primarily concerned with direct personal experience, and as such has sometimes been compared to other, non-Islamic forms of
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12392:. He wrote 'Awarif al-ma'arif (which can be translated variously as The Benefits of the Spiritually Learned or The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), one of the most popular Sufi textbooks for later generations.
2276:, a "dancing" monument, built over the grave of the Sufi ascetic Amu Abdullah Suqla in 12th century. A person stands on top and shakes one minaret, causing the second minaret to move with the same oscillation.
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notes that during the lifetime of Muhammad, some companions were more inclined than others to "intensive devotion, pious abstemiousness and pondering the divine mysteries" more than Islam required, such as
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O God! If I worship You for fear of Hell, burn me in Hell, and if I worship You in hope of Paradise, exclude me from Paradise. But if I worship You for Your Own sake, grudge me not Your everlasting Beauty.
2676:) to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge. The same system of endowments could also pay for a complex of buildings, such as that surrounding the
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and which bear the same titles: e.g., "Bab al-Tawakkul"; "Bab al-Taubah"; "Bab al-Muḥasabah"; "Bab al-Tawaḍu'"; "Bab al-Zuhd". In the ninth gate, Baḥya directly quotes sayings of the Sufis, whom he calls
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Traditional Islamic scholars have recognized two major branches within the practice of Sufism and use this as one key to differentiating among the approaches of different masters and devotional lineages.
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Opposed to the dry casuistry of the lawyer-divines, the mystics nevertheless scrupulously observed the commands of the divine law. the mystics belonged to all schools of Islamic law and theology of the
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4585:, and are explained here according to their use among particular Sufi groups. These six subtleties are believed to be part of the self in a similar way to the way glands and organs are part of the body.
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Many Sufi believe that to reach the highest levels of success in Sufism typically requires that the disciple live with and serve the teacher for a long period of time. An example is the folk story about
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channel to divine authority through master-disciple chains. It was through such chains of masters and disciples that spiritual power and blessings were transmitted to both general and special devotees.
1807:. The Hand of God is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with God, He will bestow on him a great reward. —
1823:
who have directly pledged allegiance to Muhammad, and Sufis maintain that through Ali, knowledge about Muhammad and a connection with Muhammad may be attained. Such a concept may be understood by the
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are continuously disregarded by scholars as conveying the fallacious image that "Sufism" is somehow distinct from "Islam". Nile Green has observed that, in the Middle Ages, Sufism more or less was
6166:" (Arabic: الأكبرية), which remains active to this day. The order, based in Cairo, Egypt, continues to spread his teachings and principles through its own Sheikh. Ibn Arabi's writings, especially
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Many of 'Abd al-Qādir's writings, sermons and prayers have been preserved; his most celebrated book, al-Ghunya li-tālibī tarīq al-haqq, was for many generations a favourite manual of instruction.
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However, later on this Simaa' was modernized to include dancing and music, thus giving rise to the concept of "whirling dervishes". This is a Bid'ah and is not the creation of orthodox Sufism.
2903:, where it is seen as a mystical expression of Islam. Sufism is traditional in Morocco, but has seen a growing revival with the renewal of Sufism under contemporary spiritual teachers such as
10868:
1960:, from the second generation of Sufis in Baghdad, was also an influential early figure, as was Junayd of Baghdad; a number of early practitioners of Sufism were disciples of one of the two.
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Huss, Boaz. "“A Remarkable Resemblance:” Comparative Mysticism and the Study of Sufism and Kabbalah." Esoteric Transfers and Constructions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (2021): 249–272.
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3015:". The inner law of Sufism consists of rules about repentance from sin, the purging of contemptible qualities and evil traits of character, and adornment with virtues and good character.
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has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. Classical Sufi texts, which stressed certain teachings and practices of the
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1901:, for example it was reported Bastami refused to eat a watermelon because he did not find any proof that Muhammad ever ate it. According to the late medieval mystic, the Persian poet
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6853:. For example, the Chinese and Russian governments openly favor Sufism as the best means of protecting against Islamist subversion. The British government, especially following the
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are prescribed for all Muslims and do not require Sufi initiation or the prescription of a Sufi master because they are deemed to be good for every seeker under every circumstance.
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4918:, and settled down there. In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the city. Moinuddin Chishtī practiced the Sufi
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order. Frager was a trained psychologist, born in the United States, who converted to Islam in the course of his practice of Sufism and wrote extensively on Sufism and psychology.
4054:, the saint is portrayed as someone "marked by divine favor ... holiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work
7448:
4046:) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend". In the vernacular, it is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic
4794:, with Persian roots. Qadiriyya was his patronym. Gilani spent his early life in Na'if, a town just East of Baghdad, also the town of his birth. There, he pursued the study of
5369:
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2371:, Hammad, Abu al-Bayan and others of the later masters— that they do not permit the followers of the Sufi path to depart from the divinely legislated command and prohibition.
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its development. Other practitioners have held that Sufism is the strict emulation of the way of Muhammad, through which the heart's connection to the Divine is strengthened.
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Studies in West African Islamic History: Volume 1: The Cultivators of Islam, Volume 2: The Evolution of Islamic Institutions & Volume 3: The Growth of Arabic Literature
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Dagli, C., Ayduz, S. (2014). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam. Vereinigtes Königreich: Oxford University Press. p. 267
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Rabi'a al-Adawiyya is known for her teachings and emphasis on the centrality of the love of God to a holy life. She is said to have proclaimed, running down the streets of
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Some modern scholars have used other definitions of Sufism such as "intensification of Islamic faith and practice" and "process of realizing ethical and spiritual ideals".
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3179:('Poem of the Mantle'), in which he extensively praised Muhammad. This poem is still widely recited and sung amongst Sufi groups and lay Muslims alike all over the world.
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6341:(d. 505/1111). It is widely regarded as one of the most complete compendiums of Muslim thought and practice ever written, and is among the most influential books in the
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9647:. Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina "Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj". 9 May 2005
2106:. However, it was not necessary to formally belong to a tariqa. In the Medieval period, Sufism was almost equal to Islam in general and not limited to specific orders.
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6176:(Divine Unity), though because of their recondite nature they were often only given to initiates. Later those who followed his teaching became known as the school of
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Devotion to Muhammad is the strongest practice within Sufism. Sufis have historically revered Muhammad as the prime personality of spiritual greatness. The Sufi poet
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To Sufis, the outer law consists of rules pertaining to worship, transactions, marriage, judicial rulings, and criminal law—what is often referred to, broadly, as "
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7370: • "Sufism is that at each moment the servant should be in accord with what is most appropriate (awla) at that moment." ('Amr ibn 'Uthman al-Makki)
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5130:
2942:. In the twentieth century, some Muslims have called Sufism a superstitious religion which holds back Islamic achievement in the fields of science and technology.
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from the early medieval period onwards, when it began to permeate nearly all major aspects of Sunni Islamic life in regions stretching from India and Iraq to the
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to the tombs of saints, renowned scholars, and righteous people. This is a particularly common practice in South Asia, where famous tombs include such saints as
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tradition and a respected scholar and link in chains of Sufi transmission in all Islamic sects) held that human beings are dominated by a lower self called the
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and worship. In his pursuits, he earned the nickname "Father of the Pilgrim". His birthday is celebrated today annually in Luxor, with people convening at the
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On the other hand, there is the order from the Signifier to his signs, from the Artisan to his works. In this branch the seeker experiences divine attraction (
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which have continued until the present day. All these orders were founded by a major Islamic scholar, and some of the largest and most widespread included the
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6387:(d. 632/1234), was one of the more popular Sufi books of his time, and posthumously it became the standard preparatory text book for Sufi novices around the
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26751:
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Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W. C.; Jong, F. de.; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J. O. (2012) . "Taṣawwuf". In
4665:(died 801) was a mystic who represents countercultural elements of Sufism, especially with regards to the status and power of women. Prominent Sufi leader
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Turkey, Persia and The Indian Subcontinent have all been a center for many Sufi lineages and orders. The Bektashi were closely affiliated with the Ottoman
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6679:, such as the destruction of Sufi shrines, tombs, and mosques, suppression of Sufi orders, and discrimination against adherents of Sufism in a number of
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of Iraq. In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher,
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and discussed Sufism as a method of bypassing the rules of Islam in order to attain salvation directly. This was disapproved of by traditional scholars.
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In the modern world, the classical interpretation of Sunni orthodoxy, which sees in Sufism an essential dimension of Islam alongside the disciplines of
2351:, al-Ansari al-Harawi and Abdul-Qadir, and the latter's own shaykh, Hammad al-Dabbas the upright. He cites the early shaykhs (shuyukh al-salaf) such as
1477:. The ultimate aim of Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by endeavoring to return to their original state of purity and natural disposition, known as
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8109:@inproceedings{Peacock2019IslamLA, title={Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia}, author={Andrew A.C.S. Peacock}, year={2019}, url={
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3699:(invocation of Allah within the heartbeats). The basic idea in this practice is to visualize the Allah as having been written on the disciple's heart.
3330:, specifically recognized the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. This was adopted by the Islamic world's political and temporal leaderships at the
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It is related, moreover, that Malik, one of the founders of the four schools of Sunni law, was a strong proponent of combining the "inward science" ('
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7368: • "Sufism consists of entering every exalted quality (khulq) and leaving behind every despicable quality." (Abu Muhammad al-Jariri)
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There is evidence that Sufism influenced the development of some schools of Jewish philosophy and ethics. In the first writing of this kind, we see
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states that the preceding theories are false according to the point of view of Sufism. The contemporary amateur historian David Livingstone writes:
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which itself opens out on to the Divinity." Academic studies of Sufism confirm that Sufism, as a separate tradition from Islam apart from so-called
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One of the great teaching masters, who developed his uncle's methods, Abu Hafs was responsible for establishing the order that took his name, the
2907:. Mbacke suggests that one reason Sufism has taken hold in Senegal is because it can accommodate local beliefs and customs, which tend toward the
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is used for a school or order of Sufism, or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking
1540:, the practice of remembrance of God. Sufis also played an important role in spreading Islam through their missionary and educational activities.
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means emptying and purification of the aspirant, both internally and externally, from bad morals, reprehensible behavior, and destructive deeds.
2651:. The natural and architectural ensemble, proposed for UNESCO inscription, forms a spatially and topographically self-contained ensemble, and is
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In the eleventh-century, Sufism, which had previously been a less "codified" trend in Islamic piety, began to be "ordered and crystallized" into
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3063:'s grace to mankind". The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam".
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For a systematic description of the diseases of the heart that are to be overcome in order for this perspective to take root, see Hamza Yusuf,
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10958:. Historical Dictionaries of Africa (4 ed.). Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, an imprint of Rowman & Littlefield. p. 361.
9268:(Dissertation (Master of Science in Religion)) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC/SP. Archived from
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Historically, Sufism became "an incredibly important part of Islam" and "one of the most widespread and omnipresent aspects of Muslim life" in
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painted by Abbas Al-Musavi, which was a violent episode in the disagreement between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam; during this battle,
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In popular Sufism (i.e. devotional practices that have achieved currency in world cultures through Sufi influence), one common practice is to
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The Conceptualization of Guardianship in Iranian Intellectual History (1800–1989): Reading Ibn ʿArabī's Theory of Wilāya in the Shīʿa World
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attested in many faith communities. While variation exists, one description of the practice within a Naqshbandi lineage reads as follows:
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through the guidance of Muhammad. Rumi states, "I 'sewed' my two eyes shut from this world and the next – this I learned from Muhammad."
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We should also bear in mind that Sufis emphasize inner development, the inner esoteric meanings of the sacred texts, and the imagination.
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the life of Muhammad (such as the "sunnah prayers"). This is in accordance with the words, attributed to God, of the following, a famous
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In the symbolism of the Sema ritual, the semazen's camel's hair hat (sikke) represents the tombstone of the ego; his wide, white skirt (
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in this life. The chief aim of all Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by working to restore within themselves the primordial state of
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did not go so far as to approve of the asceticism of the Sufis, although he showed a marked predilection for their ethical principles.
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1827:, which Sufis regard to be authentic, in which Muhammad said, "I am the city of knowledge, and Ali is its gate." Eminent Sufis such as
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QUBBA. The Arabic name for the tomb of a holy man... A qubba is usually erected over the grave of a holy man identified variously as
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as saying that "this (Sufism) was a form of wisdom known to and practiced by a succession of sages including the mysterious ancient
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Some teachers, especially when addressing more general audiences, or mixed groups of Muslims and non-Muslims, make extensive use of
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or more compassionate, than the subject of this tale. He is the leader of created beings, the one "whose name is glorious Ahmad". —
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Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Soul and on Breaking the Two Desires: Books XXII and XXIII of the Revival of the Religious Sciences
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8366:, p. 30. "According to Idries Shah, Sufism is as old as Adam and is the essence of all religions, monotheistic or not." See
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2503:. Thus, it is precisely because it is historically proven that "many of the most eminent defenders of Islamic orthodoxy, such as
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12868:
10375:"Hadith 25, 40 Hadith Qudsi - Forty Hadith Qudsi - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"
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Many painters and visual artists have explored the Sufi motif through various disciplines. One of the outstanding pieces in the
4442:), the person of faith and moderation (dominated by the spiritual heart), and the person lost in love for God (dominated by the
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of Islam. It was often mistaken as a universal mysticism in contrast to legalistic orthodox Islam. In recent times, Historian
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Bhattacharya, Ananda (2008). "Madariya Sufi Silsila Their Distinctive Characteristics and Relations with the Indian Powers".
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4203:(which is usually televised on Moroccan National television). This action has voiced particular condemnation by the Salafis.
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Persians played a huge role in developing and systematising Islamic mysticism. One of the first to formalise the science was
946:
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Sonn, Tamara (1996-10-10). Interpreting Islam: Bandali Jawzi's Islamic Intellectual History. Oxford University Press. pp. 30
9719:. Volume 4: Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–61.
4058:." The doctrine of saints was articulated by Islamic scholars very early on in Muslim history, and particular verses of the
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4553:): This is what is received in awe through abundance. It was said: Inspiration is the knowledge that falls into the heart.
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Griffel, Frank (2016). "Al-Ghazali". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 ed.)
6293:(d. 386/996), an encyclopedic manual of Sufism (Islamic mystical teachings), which would have a significant influence on
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calls other etymological hypotheses "untenable". Woolen clothes were traditionally associated with ascetics and mystics.
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13842:"Islamic verses / The influence of Muslim literature in the United States has grown stronger since the Sept. 11 attacks"
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4825:, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He is the founder of
4581:: The Six Latifs in Sufism are psychological or spiritual “organs” and, sometimes, perceptual and extrasensory tools in
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Nowadays, the songs last for about 15 to 30 minutes, are performed by a group of singers, and instruments including the
3195:). Ibn Arabi regards Muhammad as the supreme human being and master of all creatures. Muhammad is therefore the primary
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is alleged to have imported certain concepts from Hindusim into his version of Sufism under the conceptual umbrella of
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2281:... religious duties" and finding a "way and a means of striking a root through the 'narrow gate' in the depth of the
2109:
Sufism had a long history already before the subsequent institutionalization of Sufi teachings into devotional orders (
14263:
Rahimi, Sadeq (September 2007). "Intimate Exteriority: Sufi Space as Sanctuary for Injured Subjectivities in Turkey".
13747:(Feldheim), p. 429 and above, p. 427. Also see ibid., Chapter 10 ("Iqquḇim"), s.v. wa-halo yoḏeʾaʿ atta; in
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Al Beirawi, Abu Ismael (12 April 2016). Essays on Ijtihad in the 21st Century. CreateSpace. p. 35. ISBN 9781539995036.
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Deliverance from Error: An Annotated Translation of Al-Munqidh Min Al Dal−al and Other Relevant Works of Al-Ghaz−al−i
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6201:("I am the Truth"), his ecstatic Sufism and state-trial. His refusal to recant this utterance, which was regarded as
1717:, meaning: self-purification), which is also widely used in Sufism. These two explanations were combined by the Sufi
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17:
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Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra. Eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam
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In most other Muslim-majority countries, attacks on Sufis and especially their shrines have come from adherents of
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describes the Sufis as those who belong to the path of the Sunna and represent it in their teachings and writings.
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William Montgomery Watt, Al-Ghazali: The Muslim Intellectual, p. 180. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963.
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means adorning the aspirant, both internally and externally, with virtuous morals, good behavior, and good deeds.
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13476:
10981:(saint), faki, or shaykh since, according to folk Islam, this is where his baraka is believed to be strongest...
7146:). From the extant surviving portion it is conjectured that the treatise was three times as long as his father's
6377:
6317:(d. 430/1038), which is a voluminous collection of biographies of Sufis and other early Muslim religious leaders.
1316:
15925:
15863:
15839:
15675:
15653:
15582:
15570:
11639:
Global Flows, Local Appropriations: Facets of Secularisation and Re-Islamization Among Contemporary Cape Muslims
11531:
7612:
7311:
has been the museum's associate curator of Islamic art, is a large 19th- or early-20th-century portrayal of the
7176:), practiced spiritual retreats, solitude, fasting and sleep deprivation. The Jewish Sufis maintained their own
6687:
banned all Sufi orders and abolished their institutions in 1925, after Sufis opposed the new secular order. The
1929:, were not known as Sufis during their lifetimes, but later came to be identified as such due to their focus on
1596:), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. The Arabic term
1566:. It has also influenced various forms of spirituality in the West and generated significant academic interest.
26344:
26169:
25442:
24451:
24392:
24279:
24158:
24090:
22474:
22112:
22031:
21577:
21125:
21023:
20108:
17856:
17834:
17148:
17113:
16589:
16254:
14450:
11124:
Gardet, L. (2012). "Karāma". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
10391:
For an introduction to the normative creed of Islam as espoused by the consensus of scholars, see Hamza Yusuf,
9733:, pg. 57. Part of the New Horizons in Islamic Studies series. Ed. Masatoshi Kisaichi. London: Routledge, 2006.
9027:
9006:
6996:
6648:
4414:
has influenced many areas of thinking both within and outside of Islam, drawing primarily upon three concepts.
3825:, and spinning one's body in repetitive circles, which has been seen as a symbolic imitation of planets in the
3679:
3475:
3023:
1261:
24576:
24446:
9794:
7366: • "Sufism is that you should not possess anything nor should anything possess you." (Samnun)
6274:(d. 632/1234) is reported to have said: "if it were not for the Ta'arruf, we would know nothing about Sufism".
2129:(guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as
26494:
25909:
25646:
25305:
25154:
25076:
24687:
24498:
23535:
23044:
21683:
20935:
20694:
20371:
17983:
17866:
17123:
16943:
14646:
12659:
10807:
6871:
states that Sufism is universal in nature, its roots predating the rise of Islam and Christianity. He quotes
5840:
5605:
4858:) "Order of Patience" (Tariqus-Sabr), Shadhiliyya is formulated to be "Order of Gratitude" (Tariqush-Shukr).
3095:
3051:" (Pole or Axis of the Universe)—a man who is the perfect channel of grace from God to man and in a state of
2904:
2857:
The relationship of Sufi orders to modern societies is usually defined by their relationship to governments.
2464:
995:
13286:
9304:
Classical Spirituality in Contemporary America: The Confluence and Contribution of G.I. Gurdjieff and Sufism
5479:
4384:, proposes a complete devotional spirituality adequate to those without access to a master of the Sufi way.
3589:
through a specific devotional act, such as the repetition of divine names, supplications and aphorisms from
26552:
26354:
23557:
22263:
21497:
21474:
21084:
20940:
20930:
20836:
20489:
20129:
19169:
18650:
18322:
18168:
18118:
17559:
17003:
14405:
Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart
12655:
7308:
6712:
6541:
5793:
3158:
of Muhammad that he refused to eat a watermelon because he could not establish that Muhammad ever ate one.
1551:
1027:
24586:
8719:
7276:
is regarded as an important element in different Sufi orders. In South Asia, it is affiliated mostly with
5051:, he journeyed to India to spread the Islamic faith, where he founded the Madariyya order. His tomb is at
26756:
26562:
26274:
26269:
26041:
24559:
24520:
24070:
23984:
23552:
23258:
21880:
21599:
21464:
21270:
21038:
20831:
20208:
19797:
18687:
18551:
17899:
17213:
16723:
16700:
16695:
16605:
15187:
15007:
14618:
8590:"Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) | The Naqshbandiyya Nazimiyya Sufi Order of America: Sufism and Spirituality"
6854:
6660:
5661:
5653:
5103:
4812:
4799:
4741:(1255–1296) is an Egyptian Sunni Sufi imam, and the last of the four poles of supervision of Sufism with
4378:. This approach entails strict adherence to the way of Muhammad, in the understanding that this wont, or
4050:, otherwise referred to by the more literal "friend of God". In the traditional Islamic understanding of
3453:
2725:
Around the turn of the 20th century, Sufi rituals and doctrines also came under sustained criticism from
1513:
1074:
901:
24591:
24581:
17261:
6892:
6627:
6414:
and proverbs (some counted it 264) containing precise contemplative reflections on man's relations with
3148:
claimed that he praised Muhammad in such a manner that was not done before by any poet, in his book the
3055:(sanctity, being under the protection of Allah). The concept of the Sufi Qutb is similar to that of the
2262:
26699:
25335:
25280:
24976:
23711:
23248:
21875:
21817:
21349:
21232:
20749:
20168:
19206:
18801:
18787:
18526:
18271:
18045:
17527:
17158:
17118:
16853:
16770:
16624:
16476:
14375:
13323:
12516:
11996:
11458:
8170:
Milani, Milad (2012). "The Cultural Products of Global Sufism". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.).
6872:
6365:
6094:
5637:
5395:
4773:
4419:
2860:
1732:
or the bench"), who were a group of impoverished companions of Muhammad who held regular gatherings of
1114:
23297:
9907:
7360: • "Sufism consists of abandoning oneself to God in accordance with what God wills." (
6585:(d. 1137/1725). He started this voluminous Qur'anic commentary and completed it in twenty-three years.
4526:, generally understood to be the product of a Sufi's spiritual practices while on his way toward God.
26587:
26376:
26234:
25686:
24569:
24343:
23974:
23604:
23125:
22257:
22009:
21846:
21801:
21442:
21429:
21130:
20959:
20655:
20377:
20340:
20119:
18753:
18471:
18122:
17884:
17108:
17013:
16988:
16838:
16582:
16553:
14496:
14335:
13568:
Madzillah-ul-Aqdus, Sultan ul Ashiqeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman (11 March 2015).
12210:
12061:
Sufism in an Age of Transition: ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī and the Rise of the Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods
8973:
7603:
6622:
5848:
4930:
4083:
3191:
regards that the first entity that was brought into existence is the reality or essence of Muhammad (
2309:
is regarded as a science of the soul that has always been an integral part of Orthodox Islam. In his
1909:(died c. 716) was the first person to be called a "Sufi". The term also had a strong connection with
1795:
1209:
921:
24466:
20031:
13199:
11713:
Janin, Hunt (2005). The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World. McFarland. p. 83. ISBN 0786419547.
11470:
11320:
4399:) addresses the matter of the awakening of spiritual intuition. In general, these subtle centers or
2392:
2142:
Over the years, Sufi orders have influenced and been adopted by various Shi'i movements, especially
26091:
26051:
26006:
25796:
25786:
25591:
25340:
25165:
25101:
25071:
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24635:
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23349:
22591:
22527:
21997:
21982:
21676:
21594:
21313:
21137:
20910:
20390:
20134:
20124:
20114:
18884:
18404:
18018:
17637:
17208:
17138:
16558:
16508:
15997:
14855:
14840:
14580:
12683:
11241:
10267:
10230:
9269:
8985:
7828:
Mystic regimes : Sufism and the state in Iran, from the late Qajar era to the Islamic Republic
7599:
6769:
6688:
6668:
6553:
6333:
6321:
6314:
5403:
3027:
Man holding the hem of his beloved, an expression of a Sufi's agony of longing for the divine union
2990:
While all Muslims believe that they are on the pathway to Allah and hope to become close to God in
2975:
2705:
1141:
941:
23034:
13947:
Ghani, Kashshaf (2023-11-29). Sufi Rituals and Practices: Experiences from South Asia, 1200-1450.
10472:
9969:, for a detailed description of the practices and preconditions of this sort of spiritual retreat.
8589:
8531:
5135:
4722:
was a recognized and influential Sufi personality from Shattari order. Bastami was born in 804 in
4438:(soul). These interact in various ways, producing the spiritual types of the tyrant (dominated by
1799:. By pledging allegiance to Muhammad, the Sahabah had committed themselves to the service of God.
26542:
26479:
26429:
26389:
26334:
25969:
25964:
25854:
25801:
25691:
25621:
25417:
25223:
25138:
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24316:
24115:
23937:
23462:
23076:
23003:
22687:
22058:
21858:
21767:
21452:
20263:
20022:
19986:
18011:
17969:
17824:
17439:
17228:
17133:
16963:
16918:
16784:
15013:
14674:
14510:
13948:
12550:
12134:
11963:
11868:
9697:
9489:
9394:
8640:
7756:
7538:"Legal Knowledge by Application: Sufism as Islamic Legal Hermeneutics in the 10th/12th Centuries"
7426:
7188:
7148:
7007:
6781:
6039:
5947:
5886:
4899:
4837:
4325:), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes.
4192:
4121:
3469:
3352:
3099:
2763:
recently defining "Sunni orthodoxy" as being a follower "of any of the four schools of thought (
2460:
2456:
2424:
2071:: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you." Sufis
736:
33:
20417:
12350:(Registered name: Hachette Book Publishing India Pvt. Ltd) An Hachette UK company. p. 122.
9285:
Daftary |Farhad |2013 |A History of Shi'i Islam |New York NY |I.B. Tauris and Co ltd. |page 28 |
6448:
4066:
were interpreted by early Muslim thinkers as "documentary evidence" of the existence of saints.
26409:
26304:
26264:
26244:
26101:
26076:
25981:
25954:
25904:
25874:
25864:
25781:
25746:
25731:
25716:
25671:
25606:
25275:
25206:
25111:
25106:
24847:
24770:
24532:
24409:
24333:
24130:
24120:
23979:
23947:
23885:
23856:
23344:
23339:
23140:
23021:
22981:
22766:
22107:
22102:
22082:
22078:
21609:
21538:
21507:
21437:
20361:
20356:
20274:
19704:
19658:
19052:
18733:
18228:
17889:
17819:
17779:
17764:
17444:
17198:
17103:
17088:
17079:
16958:
16923:
16848:
16543:
15235:
14948:
14330:
12778:
10149:
8679:
8669:
7410:
6968:
6709:
6170:
and Fusus al-Hikam, have been studied within all the Sufi orders as the clearest expression of
6167:
6020:
5739:
5708:
5549:
3931:
3056:
2915:
2888:
2757:
2648:
2298:
2078:
1665:
1548:
1516:. Although the overwhelming majority of Sufis, both pre-modern and modern, remain adherents of
1362:
1342:
1190:
956:
103:
12337:
12306:
9932:
8816:
8614:
7131:, believed that Sufi practices and doctrines continue the tradition of the biblical prophets.
6691:
has harassed Shia Sufis, reportedly for their lack of support for the government doctrine of "
3609:, or "to seek a state of godwariness". The Quran refers to Muhammad as the very embodiment of
3098:, who gave his name to the Naqshbandi Order. He is believed to have served his first teacher,
2899:. Sufism is popular in such African countries as Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Sudan, Morocco, and
2328:, covering only five of the seventy-eight sermons of the book, but showing that he considered
1803:
Verily, those who give Bay'âh (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bay'âh (pledge) to
26650:
26595:
26512:
26464:
26439:
26239:
26061:
26056:
25924:
25914:
25736:
25412:
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24429:
24370:
24036:
23475:
23312:
22454:
22053:
21965:
21555:
21533:
20284:
20161:
19927:
19586:
18758:
18675:
18421:
18391:
17948:
17844:
17391:
17218:
16968:
16878:
16523:
16469:
15113:
15066:
15031:
14989:
14930:
14870:
14179:
Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses, Annotated & Explained
13992:
13961:
13442:
13029:, Cambridge Companions to Religion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 233–256,
12717:
12498:
12469:
12272:
12100:
12030:
11986:
11754:
11406:
10238:
9602:
Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh
9053:
8675:
8124:
8039:
7135:
6676:
6672:
6667:
The persecution of Sufism and Sufi Muslims over the course of centuries has included acts of
6563:
6267:
5902:
5411:
4903:
3970:
3347:
2084:
1922:
1918:
1185:
1010:
794:
749:
23327:
23292:
19627:
16136:
15750:
14136:
Ernst, Carl W. (2010). "Muḥammad as the Pole of Existence". In Brockopp, Jonathan E. (ed.).
9900:
9486:"Is orthodox Islam possible without Sufism? – Shaykh Abdal Hakim Murad (Dr. Timothy Winter)"
7730:"Back to Basics | Tazkiyah: An Introduction to Spiritually Blossoming This Islamic New Year"
7434:
3457:
2998:—Sufis also believe that it is possible to draw closer to God and to more fully embrace the
2677:
2343:, and to argue this point he lists over a dozen early masters, as well as more contemporary
26746:
26640:
26630:
26615:
26522:
26449:
26419:
26394:
26359:
26319:
26314:
26289:
26159:
26081:
26031:
26011:
26001:
25889:
25836:
25811:
25661:
25656:
25636:
25601:
25586:
25530:
25300:
25233:
25201:
25081:
25016:
24882:
24760:
24613:
24493:
24387:
24299:
24267:
24262:
24110:
23842:
23253:
23093:
22677:
22437:
22048:
21992:
21943:
21928:
21781:
21212:
21119:
21064:
19373:
18780:
18638:
18563:
18408:
18223:
18071:
17976:
17955:
17814:
17769:
17754:
17303:
17153:
17143:
17128:
16948:
16913:
16903:
16898:
16873:
16364:
16193:
15638:
15411:
15149:
15025:
14845:
12347:
11881:
11184:
Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart
9701:
9625:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative List of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 11 December 2007
9002:
8367:
8007:
7823:
7213:
6944:
6644:
6612:
6582:
5939:
5597:
5518:
5440:
5093:
4137:
4005:
2823:
2733:
well-suited for contexts characterized by religious pluralism and secularist perspectives.
2598:
2033:
1953:
1851:
644:
604:
546:
473:
23415:
22290:
13731:
A Sufi-Jewish Dialogue: Philosophy and Mysticism in Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart
7656:
3572:
The name of Allah as written on the disciple's heart, according to the Sarwari Qadri Order
8:
26645:
26620:
26600:
26577:
26504:
26454:
26434:
26349:
26339:
26294:
26254:
26209:
26204:
26194:
26184:
26179:
26174:
26164:
26149:
26144:
26139:
26134:
26129:
26106:
26016:
25991:
25869:
25859:
25821:
25791:
25776:
25761:
25751:
25741:
25706:
25701:
25651:
25596:
25571:
25515:
25372:
25355:
25243:
25238:
25228:
25096:
24897:
24810:
24755:
24731:
24618:
24503:
24456:
24251:
24100:
23728:
23520:
23400:
23172:
22959:
22844:
22772:
22662:
22583:
22410:
22063:
21887:
21733:
21447:
21323:
21217:
21033:
20472:
20269:
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19807:
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19378:
19109:
18986:
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17925:
17851:
17193:
16843:
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15095:
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14467:
13605:
Risala Roohi Sharif (The Divine Soul): English Translation and Exegesis with Persian Text
12574:
12044:
10685:
10633:
9118:
8665:
8434:
8320:
8236:
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6802:
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5755:
5565:
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5203:
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3496:
3208:
3124:
3087:
3047:("the Perfect Man"). This doctrine states that there will always exist upon the earth a "
2749:
2286:
1973:
1913:, with three of the earliest scholars to be called by the term being Abu Hashim al-Kufi,
1856:
1788:
1741:
1501:
1309:
1195:
829:
729:
536:
8333:. The perennial philosophy series. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, Inc. p. 74.
6368:(d. 561/1166). Translated from Arabic into English for the first time by Muhtar Holland.
4337:
The works of Al-Ghazali firmly defended the concepts of Sufism within the Islamic faith.
3713:
1721:(d. 322 AH), who said, "The Sufi is the one who wears wool on top of purity."
26625:
26605:
26572:
26469:
26459:
26404:
26399:
26329:
26309:
26299:
26284:
26279:
26259:
26229:
26224:
26199:
26189:
26121:
26086:
26071:
25976:
25949:
25939:
25899:
25884:
25879:
25831:
25826:
25766:
25721:
25681:
25576:
25563:
25365:
25345:
25270:
25143:
24966:
24640:
24598:
24434:
24402:
24377:
24304:
24284:
24105:
24053:
24041:
24019:
23611:
23569:
23442:
23265:
23243:
23238:
23054:
22838:
22814:
22193:
22117:
21865:
21811:
21614:
21528:
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21369:
21305:
21113:
21089:
20766:
20744:
20704:
20546:
20449:
20400:
20366:
20257:
19971:
18854:
18810:
18555:
18368:
18255:
18029:
17990:
17904:
17739:
17702:
17664:
17586:
17461:
17233:
17018:
16893:
16868:
16690:
16677:
16548:
16518:
15119:
15060:
15054:
14538:
14482:
14443:
14300:
14288:
14280:
14093:
13997:
13366:
12952:
12917:
12840:
12619:
12540:
12234:
11862:
11808:
11308:
9517:
9204:
8981:
8924:
7888:
7709:
7683:
The garden of truth : the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition
7607:
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6936:
6850:
6777:
6706:
6684:
6290:
6132:
6082:
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4415:
4153:
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2504:
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2440:
2432:
2368:
2321:
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1949:
1945:
1219:
1176:
1146:
1129:
1104:
1049:
1005:
717:
438:
80:
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23270:
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20612:
19947:
9645:"Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj"
8110:
7512:
Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons: The Islamic Teachings at the Heart of Alchemy
6736:
4746:
4321:
or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (
3934:
melodic styles to create the genre in the 13th century. The songs are classified into
3722:
2970:
72:
26682:
26676:
26610:
26567:
26557:
26547:
26537:
26444:
26364:
26324:
26249:
26219:
26111:
26066:
26046:
26021:
25996:
25959:
25944:
25919:
25894:
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25285:
25061:
24657:
24628:
24552:
24547:
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24441:
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24382:
24365:
24360:
24355:
24294:
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13609:
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13541:
13507:
13448:
13412:
13349:
Munn, Richard C. (January–March 1969). "Reviewed work(s): The Sufis by Idries Shah".
13135:
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11187:
11167:
11133:
10959:
10938:
10848:
10781:
10591:
10500:
10454:
10449:
See in particular the introduction by T. J. Winter to Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali,
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10408:
10396:
10271:
10234:
10201:
10178:
10029:
10007:
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9871:
9847:
9823:
9734:
9605:
9584:
9537:
9525:
9425:
9330:
9323:
Ghazzālī; Ghazzali; al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad; McCarthy, Richard Joseph (1999).
9307:
9286:
9230:
9208:
9194:
9149:
9104:
9059:
9023:
8949:
8928:
8916:
8888:
8822:
8777:
8753:
8683:
8620:
8554:
8511:
8402:
8334:
8260:
8201:
8191:
8150:
8146:
8082:
7931:
7876:
7866:
7841:
7831:
7766:
7697:
7687:
7633:
7629:
7557:
7516:
7483:
7438:
7392:"Refworld | Iran: Information on Sufism or Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism) in Iran"
7355:
7312:
7285:
7043:
6898:
6897:
Numerous comparisons have been made between Sufism and the mystic components of some
6846:
6813:
6529:
6510:
6233:
5762:
5692:
5629:
5124:
4907:
4891:
4738:
4708:
4169:
4161:
4125:
4091:
3990:
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scholars in general, is that dancing with intent during dhikr or whilst listening to
3761:
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3406:
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3145:
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2356:
2095:
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1753:
1493:
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1171:
1084:
1044:
906:
594:
589:
24135:
23733:
23364:
23103:
19155:
14292:
12026:
The Heritage of Sufism: Classical Persian Sufism from Its Origins to Rumi (700-1300)
11934:
7354: • "Sufism is that you should be with God—without any attachment." (
6829:
3173:('The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation'), commonly referred to as
2962:, may or may not conform to the tenets of Sufism as understood by orthodox Muslims.
2835:
2139:), meaning "desirous", viz. "desiring the knowledge of knowing God and loving God".
26635:
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25934:
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17794:
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14954:
14924:
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14403:
14272:
14218:
14069:
13358:
12065:
11129:
10934:
9689:
9534:
Sufi and Scholar on the Desert Edge: Muhammad B. Oali Al-Sanusi and His Brotherhood
9421:
9186:
8908:
8671:
Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
8324:
8252:
8183:
8179:
8142:
8138:
7921:
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7597:
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6858:
6589:
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6533:
6342:
6194:
5613:
5163:
5098:
5013:
4951:
4915:
4654:
4467:
4405:
4333:
4286:
4274:
3799:
3388:
3140:
regards Muhammad as the greatest man and states, "Muhammad's wisdom is uniqueness (
3113:
2959:
2955:
2562:
2536:
1914:
1890:
1069:
1064:
1015:
1000:
985:
894:
773:
230:
210:
24274:
11506:
11290:
Philosophical Sufis among Scholars (ʿulamāʾ) and Their Impact on Political Culture
10612:
8481:
8256:
7348:
The following are among definitions of Sufism quoted in an early Sufi treatise by
2597:
are one of the strongest adherents of Sufism. Sufi poets and philosophers such as
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21970:
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19509:
18859:
18844:
18806:
18773:
18748:
18662:
18609:
18510:
18505:
18481:
18395:
18298:
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18240:
17727:
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17625:
17608:
17569:
17509:
17466:
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17203:
17008:
16756:
16274:
16269:
16208:
16198:
16178:
15890:
15364:
15143:
15131:
15019:
14906:
14850:
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14822:
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14640:
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14304:
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14073:
13969:
13129:
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12623:
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12544:
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11611:
11584:
11557:
10520:
10350:
10172:
9622:
9414:
9324:
8943:
8892:
8548:
8508:
The garden of truth: the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition
8398:
8328:
8076:
7760:
7510:
7391:
7169:
7103:
7067:
6951:
6920:
6773:
6732:
6716:
6472:
6245:
6178:
5589:
5573:
5379:
5067:
5040:
4922:(peace to all) concept to promote understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims.
4880:
4750:
4719:
4650:
4590:
4582:
4411:
4259:, literally 'marvels of the friends ')" has been "a requirement in Sunni Islam".
4222:
4026:
3894:
2999:
2803:
2753:
2555:
2158:
2007:
1937:
1894:
1871:
1779:
1555:
1489:
1353:
1333:
1251:
1204:
1020:
980:
969:
951:
854:
799:
712:
637:
493:
338:
245:
235:
19649:
13059:
Making Moderate Islam: Sufism, Service, and the "Ground Zero Mosque" Controversy
10996:, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
9729:
Masatoshi Kisaichi, "The Burhami order and Islamic resurgence in modern Egypt."
7980:
Sedgwick, Mark (2012). "Neo-Sufism". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.).
7003:
4366:
Contemporary scholars may also recognize a third branch, attributed to the late
4241:, lit. generosity, high-mindedness) refers to supernatural wonders performed by
2714:
2628:
25437:
25325:
25265:
24981:
24956:
24741:
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24527:
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24419:
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22004:
21987:
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21755:
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21227:
21069:
20771:
20057:
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19842:
19819:
19802:
19653:
19578:
19502:
19023:
18929:
18538:
18493:
18488:
18339:
18308:
18213:
18096:
17934:
17687:
17620:
17613:
17603:
17451:
17188:
17049:
16978:
16953:
16813:
16746:
16662:
16538:
16299:
16168:
16068:
15981:
15816:
15660:
15512:
15507:
15482:
15401:
15137:
15001:
14942:
14936:
14900:
14875:
13926:
13168:
11484:
11203:
Concerning this, and for an excellent discussion of the concept of attraction (
9982:, addressed to a general audience rather than specifically to his own students.
9141:
7316:
7252:
6842:
6822:
6186:), and that there may never be in your soul a longing for any existing thing'.
5910:
5731:
5700:
5581:
5195:
4666:
4662:
4576:
4528:
4512:
4463:
4395:
4367:
4245:. In the technical vocabulary of Islamic religious sciences, the singular form
4075:
4071:
4055:
3606:
3601:
as any activity in which the Muslim maintains awareness of Allah. To engage in
3422:
3260:
3217:
2795:
2760:
2644:
2636:
2622:
2558:
2551:
2540:
2404:
2178:
2166:
1941:
1926:
1879:
1860:
1701:), which in Arabic means "purity", and in this context another similar idea of
1497:
1466:
1302:
1164:
1151:
1109:
1054:
668:
378:
343:
225:
185:
170:
52:
22606:
20017:
19824:
19016:
15969:
15915:
14787:
14276:
12454:
11686:
Böwering, Gerhard. "ḠAZĀLĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
9503:
9485:
8187:
7880:
7553:
4315:
s are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called
3366:
3339:
as opposed to the various manifestations of Sufism around the Islamic world).
3311:), while he who learns Sacred Law without practicing Sufism corrupts himself (
2951:
1917:
and Abdak al-Sufi. Later individuals included Hatim al-Attar, from Basra, and
1867:', is considered a "founding figure" in the "science of purifying the heart".
205:
26735:
25360:
24914:
24795:
24182:
24177:
24125:
23962:
23900:
23795:
23686:
23584:
23515:
23447:
23437:
23405:
23322:
23214:
23197:
23115:
23011:
22974:
22893:
22801:
22252:
22203:
21908:
21560:
21387:
21237:
20776:
20739:
20714:
20551:
19981:
19911:
19891:
19853:
19477:
19462:
19226:
Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
19033:
18958:
18768:
18729:
18716:
18691:
18597:
18386:
18358:
18235:
18189:
18107:
17806:
17707:
17692:
17682:
17517:
17479:
17456:
17418:
17329:
17059:
17053:
17043:
17031:
16440:
16239:
16213:
16163:
15704:
15552:
15467:
15255:
15230:
14983:
14885:
14518:
14490:
14436:
14349:
Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings
14343:
14006:
13867:
12802:"Sehwan blast: Death toll reaches 90 as two more victims succumb to injuries"
12707:
12673:
12615:
12389:
12206:
12158:
11428:
10338:(...) uncle of the famous early Persian Ṣūfī Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/911).
10100:
10011:
8969:
8920:
8912:
8205:
7935:
7701:
7561:
7487:
7319:, a pious grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, died and is considered a
7277:
7273:
7246:
7234:
6924:
6757:
6728:
6652:
6509:(The Brides of Explication Concerning the Hidden Realities of the Qur'an) by
6388:
6120:
5387:
5333:
5211:
4965:
4885:
4635:
4523:
4450:
4350:. This is the way of Imam Al-Ghazali and of the majority of the Sufi orders.
4195:
and the yearly visitation to see the current Sheikh of the Qadiri Boutchichi
4001:
3853:
3787:
3774:
3756:
3663:
3659:
3449:
3434:
3323:
3225:
3213:
3132:
2995:
2931:
2843:
2807:
2799:
2710:
2625:
world, and in resisting European imperialism in North Africa and South Asia.
2565:: "Though outwardly shahs stand before him, he fixes his gazes on dervishes."
2484:
2444:
2420:
2314:
2234:
2222:
2190:
2174:
2143:
1563:
1393:
1229:
1134:
1094:
541:
498:
458:
368:
353:
313:
308:
130:
24024:
19943:
13906:
13503:
Islamic Philosophy of Religion: Synthesis of Science Religion and Philosophy
11847:
9902:
An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism
9462:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), pp. 16–17
8842:
7926:
7909:
7845:
7238:
7106:
there are sections which treat of the same subjects as those treated in the
3554:
the words of Imam Al-Ghazali) solitude, silence, sleeplessness, and hunger.
2982:, Pakistan. Known for its multitude of Sufi shrines, Multan is nicknamed as
26725:
25500:
25402:
25258:
24946:
24941:
24919:
24909:
24790:
24217:
24152:
24095:
24080:
24046:
23671:
23579:
22573:
22464:
22459:
22310:
22280:
22154:
22122:
21870:
21841:
21828:
21647:
21572:
21222:
21074:
20952:
20668:
20517:
20502:
20216:
20009:
19938:
19726:
Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
19666:
19644:
19635:
19535:
19012:
18828:
18763:
18456:
18353:
18344:
18250:
18004:
17672:
17591:
17522:
17386:
16883:
16823:
16798:
16779:
16143:
15477:
15334:
15170:
15089:
14812:
14532:
14056:
Babou, Cheikh Anta (2007). "Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal".
13057:
12268:
11959:
11267:
Heart, Self & Soul: The Sufi Psychology of Growth, Balance, and Harmony
9930:
9895:
8812:
8745:
7860:
7281:
6880:
6746:
6680:
6419:
6106:
5801:
5785:
5645:
5510:
5341:
5258:
4972:
4518:
4508:
4375:
4188:
4087:
3927:
3890:
3826:
3695:
3524:
3040:
2919:
2865:
2831:
2632:
2621:. Sufism also played a role in creating and propagating the culture of the
2614:
2360:
2273:
2210:
1804:
1385:
1290:
1236:
973:
705:
694:
627:
488:
478:
423:
135:
23718:
22361:
19676:
19174:
18794:
13285:
Rabasa, Angel; Benard, Cheryl; Schwartz, Lowell H.; Sickle, Peter (2007).
12998:"The Dabistan and Orientalist views of Sufism | SOAS University of London"
11917:"تعرف على تاريخ ومولد ودورة الإمام أبو الحجاج الأقصرى السنوية × 15 معلومة"
11442:
10952:
Kramer, Robert S.; Lobban, Richard A. Jr.; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (2013).
10832:(in Urdu). Translated by Ghulam Ahmed Biryan. Lahore: Mushtaq Book Corner.
9190:
8945:
Morals and Mysticism in Persian Sufism: A History of Sufi-Futuwwat in Iran
7792:
6966:
both referred to Muhammad as having attained perfection and titled him as
4987:
3624:
may slightly vary among each order. Some Sufi orders engage in ritualized
2257:
1689:
1678:
1658:
25422:
25397:
25216:
25184:
25175:
25121:
25051:
25036:
24929:
24820:
24481:
24424:
24212:
23930:
23910:
23750:
23691:
23429:
23425:
23219:
22724:
22672:
22642:
22479:
22333:
22225:
22149:
22014:
21950:
21901:
21199:
20689:
20597:
20497:
20384:
19991:
19713:
19681:
19631:
19497:
19195:
19160:
19142:
18934:
18671:
18601:
18281:
18180:
17749:
17722:
17712:
17649:
17554:
17544:
17539:
17371:
17354:
17178:
17093:
16933:
16808:
16259:
16203:
16002:
15240:
15125:
14817:
14632:
14602:
14574:
14367:
13786:
13225:
12948:"Militants Kill 305 at Sufi Mosque in Egypt's Deadliest Terrorist Attack"
12096:
11827:
11402:
10927:
10266:
10229:
7302:
6868:
6491:
6326:
5955:
5809:
5747:
5621:
4841:
4536:
4145:
3857:
3484:
3326:, a detailed statement issued by 200 leading Islamic scholars in 2005 in
3012:
2935:
2927:
2876:
2768:
2516:
2364:
2294:
2202:
1864:
1828:
1737:
1673:
1669:
1517:
1032:
990:
914:
428:
240:
32:
This article is about the body of mystical practice. For other uses, see
24736:
24677:
23775:
23167:
22986:
22535:
14284:
12743:"Pakistan's Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83"
11812:
11084:"Confreries: A Crossroads of Morocco's Literary and Spiritual Diversity"
9433:"Hanafi," "Hanbali," and "Maliki," and under "mysticism in..." for each.
8418:
The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions
7569:
7537:
7495:
7471:
7245:
is a fictionalized account of Rumi's encounter with the Persian dervish
4532:
refers to each stage a Sufi's soul must attain in its search for Allah.
3187:
According to Ibn Arabi, Islam is the best religion because of Muhammad.
2094:
Sufi orders trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through
1771:
from the earliest days of Islam, even predating some sectarian divides.
25388:
25383:
25253:
25248:
25211:
25189:
25046:
25026:
25021:
24862:
24852:
24815:
24414:
24192:
24140:
23880:
23525:
23505:
23039:
22964:
22903:
22667:
22647:
22568:
22220:
22188:
22159:
21938:
21933:
21918:
21502:
20584:
20541:
20512:
19640:
19437:
19218:
19164:
19062:
19000:
18951:
18917:
18870:
18791:
18724:
18711:
18629:
18605:
18534:
18439:
18381:
18303:
18206:
17579:
17343:
17339:
17173:
17098:
17074:
17039:
16993:
16928:
16888:
16863:
16818:
16803:
16793:
16425:
16188:
16048:
15910:
15806:
15502:
15344:
14711:
14626:
14612:
14504:
11971:
9369:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.16
9262:
Islamic Mystique in Terræ Brasilis: Sufism and Sufi Orders in São Paulo
8225:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15
7280:. It develops into a distinct art form, especially during the reign of
7177:
7128:
6768:, at least 305 people were killed and more than 100 wounded during the
6751:
6338:
6294:
6229:
5984:
5471:
5242:
5002:
4758:
4754:
4557:
4371:
4177:
4129:
3958:
3779:
3734:
3671:
3639:
3360:
3196:
3033:
2815:
2618:
2515:) were connected with Sufism" that the popular studies of writers like
2508:
2492:
2452:
2238:
2214:
2198:
2170:
2099:
1629:
1625:
1544:
1521:
1037:
599:
584:
403:
398:
383:
358:
180:
24222:
23381:
23059:
17424:
Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
17283:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
16284:
16078:
15532:
13370:
11829:
Muslim saints of South Asia : the eleventh to fifteenth centuries
11695:"Ghazali, al-". The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
10122:
Thou knowest that none of the poets have sung such praise save only I.
8420:, p. 83, Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 2004
7259:
poets, has discussed Sufism, philosophy and Islam in his English work
4692:
and resting place of Bibi Rabia. Some believe her resting place to be
4108:
3248:("truth") are mutually interdependent. Sufism leads the adept, called
2609:(c. 1145 – c. 1221) greatly enhanced the spread of Islamic culture in
2282:
1524:
during the late medieval period. This particularly happened after the
25330:
25126:
25041:
25031:
24902:
24857:
24842:
24775:
24623:
24085:
24007:
23967:
23957:
23920:
23895:
23875:
23770:
23636:
23490:
23480:
23223:
23160:
23155:
23066:
22876:
22861:
22826:
22809:
22791:
22704:
22484:
22400:
22379:
22374:
22351:
22346:
22305:
22300:
22237:
22174:
22097:
22068:
22019:
21960:
21913:
21207:
20638:
20580:
20527:
20395:
19895:
19883:
19861:
19792:
19705:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
19696:
19602:
19547:
19472:
19126:
19121:
19047:
18991:
18737:
18592:
18585:
18461:
18372:
18286:
18266:
18111:
18052:
17564:
17532:
17487:
Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
17375:
17253:
17168:
17163:
16973:
16938:
16833:
16828:
16435:
16430:
16405:
16309:
16043:
16038:
15633:
15179:
15107:
15101:
14977:
14726:
14706:
14668:
14654:
14594:
14588:
14560:
14546:
14476:
13812:
12982:
Geaves, Ron; Gabriel, Theodore; Haddad, Yvonne; Smith, Jane Idleman.
12584:
12421:: Islamic Book Trust is affiliated with The Other Press. p. 10.
12312:
12278:
12244:
12172:
8467:
The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies by Clinton Bennett, p 328
7681:
7327:
rather there is a soothing message of brotherhood, peace in Sufism".
6959:
6905:
6818:
6720:
6452:
6423:
6411:
6159:
5976:
5557:
5502:
5311:
5077:
5017:
4980:
4946:
4826:
4693:
4597:
4347:
4322:
4079:
3998:
3849:
3848:
The traditional view of most orthodox Sunni Sufi orders, such as the
3718:
3568:
3480:
3292:
3188:
3166:
3137:
3083:
2908:
2827:
2787:
2699:
2531:
2472:
2436:
2428:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2162:
2147:
1637:
1559:
1373:
936:
518:
513:
483:
453:
448:
443:
413:
408:
393:
388:
348:
298:
293:
22756:
22285:
19886:
12403:
11984:
10912:
Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood
8734:
Essai sur les origines du lexique technique de la mystique musulmane
7014:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4730:
and his dedication to fundamental Islamic principals and practices.
4645:
4449:
Of note with regard to the spread of Sufi psychology in the West is
2150:
order's conversion to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam and the spread of
1767:, present day Saudi Arabia and that it has existed as a practice of
1520:, certain strands of Sufi thought transferred over to the ambits of
26708:
25133:
24877:
24867:
24722:
24207:
24187:
24014:
23890:
23745:
23391:
23029:
22969:
22888:
22796:
22783:
22761:
22741:
22719:
22714:
22694:
22634:
22601:
22540:
22384:
22369:
22247:
22208:
22164:
21955:
21892:
21796:
21699:
21550:
21046:
20904:
20856:
20650:
20556:
20507:
20235:
20080:
20047:
19902:
19787:
19779:
19573:
18978:
18909:
18832:
18815:
18646:
18633:
18466:
18412:
18194:
17642:
17433:
17266:
16858:
16574:
16445:
16400:
16395:
15880:
15762:
15757:
15297:
15280:
14865:
14751:
14741:
14736:
13362:
12806:
12418:
12414:
9994:
Islamic cultures and societies to the end of the eighteenth century
9767:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9077:
9075:
7290:
7193:
7113:
6932:
6838:
6202:
5894:
5250:
5086:
5052:
4859:
4610:
4544:
4454:
4360:
3708:
3441:. Famous poems that still resonate across the Muslim world include
3175:
3079:
3075:
2991:
2939:
2839:
2718:
2681:
2610:
2543:
2230:
2103:
2010:
2003:
1930:
1707:
1609:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1399:
1381:
1246:
1214:
928:
862:
463:
363:
16359:
16153:
12092:
Sufi Warrior Saints: Stories of Sufi Jihad from Muslim Hagiography
11935:"Sufis celebrate birthday of Sheikh Abu El-Haggag at Luxor mosque"
11207:), see especially the Introduction to Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee,
9353:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 76
9322:
8980:: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by
8296:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 74
8078:
Striving for Divine Union: Spiritual Exercises for Suhraward Sufis
6699:
4769:
4191:, Morocco, a popular destination for such pious visitation is the
3508:
2367:, Junayd of Baghdad, and others of the early teachers, as well as
2320:
Ibn Taymiyya's Sufi inclinations and his reverence for Sufis like
25407:
25006:
24971:
24892:
24805:
24746:
24650:
24348:
24202:
23952:
23905:
23790:
23666:
23485:
22908:
22871:
22682:
22232:
22198:
22041:
21742:
21565:
21161:
20849:
20729:
20607:
20602:
20589:
20573:
20566:
20561:
20293:
20085:
20065:
20026:
19871:
19718:
Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
19662:
19619:
19466:
19456:
19181:
19130:
19084:
18922:
18819:
18720:
18699:
18578:
18573:
18448:
18399:
18327:
18276:
17997:
17876:
17549:
17363:
17295:
16685:
16533:
16415:
16390:
16324:
16304:
16294:
16279:
16158:
16148:
16115:
16090:
16017:
15976:
15954:
15895:
15875:
15829:
15824:
15767:
15665:
15472:
15307:
15245:
15083:
14782:
14746:
14716:
14686:
12747:
12512:
12064:. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 71. Leiden-Boston:
9816:
Googelberg, compiled form Knowledge entries and published by Dr.
7084:
number 613 only; those dictated by the intellect are innumerable.
6928:
6724:
6636:
5419:
4991:
4961:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4618:
4500:
4489:
4457:
4430:(self, ego, person), a faculty of spiritual intuition called the
4317:
4307:
4302:
4297:
built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi
4251:
4212:
4196:
4133:
4117:
3974:
3947:
3912:
3783:
3667:
3647:
3643:
3586:
3442:
3409:– a Persian from Baghdad. Other great Persian Sufi poets include
3336:
3071:
3052:
3043:"one of the most important doctrines of Sufism is the concept of
2900:
2896:
2880:
2811:
2776:
2685:
2640:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2512:
2476:
2468:
2400:
2348:
2344:
2335:
In his commentary, Ibn Taymiyya stresses that the primacy of the
2226:
2151:
2126:
2041:
2025:
1768:
1079:
756:
609:
508:
503:
433:
418:
373:
318:
303:
283:
255:
220:
195:
160:
115:
40:
12774:"88 dead, 343 injured in Sehwan shrine explosion: official data"
12123:
11662:
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Henry Louis Gates Jr. (2012-02-02).
10374:
10301:
10299:
9581:
A Culture of Sufism: Naqshbandis in the Ottoman World, 1450–1700
9072:
9020:
Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond
8060:
Ernst, Carl W. (2004). "Tasawwuf". In Martin, Richard C. (ed.).
6313:(The Ornament of God's Friends and Generations of Pure Ones) by
4387:
3916:
was originally a form of Sufi devotional singing popular in the
3597:
takes a wide range and various layers of meaning. This includes
2918:
is instructive in this regard. Notable as well are the lives of
25315:
25194:
25179:
24998:
24887:
24872:
24830:
24608:
24486:
23755:
23510:
23500:
23110:
23071:
22913:
22521:
22491:
21079:
21053:
21012:
20973:
20890:
20803:
20724:
20626:
20467:
20462:
20229:
20153:
20090:
20070:
19951:
19915:
19104:
19007:
18944:
18823:
18666:
18620:
18100:
17409:
Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
17367:
17314:
16649:
16461:
16450:
16420:
16410:
16385:
16380:
16354:
16319:
16289:
16249:
16244:
16234:
16110:
16105:
16100:
16085:
16063:
16058:
16053:
16033:
16012:
15959:
15870:
15789:
15623:
15542:
15379:
15369:
15270:
15260:
15048:
14721:
13481:. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). p. 12
12752:
12508:
12308:
Islamic Mysticism and Abū Ṭālib Al-Makkī: The Role of the Heart
12168:
11661:
11105:
11043:
11041:
8244:
8175:
8134:
7617:
7422:
7320:
7222:
7181:
7166:
6940:
6825:
6696:
6593:(The Vast Sea in the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur'an) by
6581:(The Spirit of Explanation in the Commentary on the Qur'an) by
6431:
6427:
6364:(Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth) by
6346:
6217:
6172:
5048:
5036:
5032:
4864:
4821:
4777:
4727:
4723:
4380:
4294:
4269:
4200:
4181:
4157:
4149:
4103:
3966:
3951:
3939:
3922:
3410:
3286:
3266:
3244:
3238:
3154:
2979:
2947:
2892:
2884:
2851:
2791:
2772:
2764:
2741:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2416:
2242:
2122:
2066:
1989:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1898:
1840:
1816:
1729:
1605:
1505:
1436:
1428:
1389:
1089:
878:
846:
838:
823:
817:
701:
579:
574:
569:
564:
468:
331:
265:
175:
140:
23701:
17274:
Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
14027:"Exhibition of Paintings by Farkhananda Khan at Sufi Festival"
10869:"Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan : National Geographic World Music"
9441:
9439:
7134:
Abraham Maimonides' principal work was originally composed in
6910:
Tahaqeeq Ma Lilhind Min Makulat Makulat Fi Aliaqbal Am Marzula
6792:
4504:
means having spiritual experiences that strengthen the faith.
3533:
through which he grasps, and his foot through which he walks.
25011:
24785:
24765:
24750:
24321:
24147:
23942:
23805:
23760:
23740:
22898:
22295:
22141:
21923:
21328:
21153:
21107:
21095:
20897:
20883:
20842:
20619:
20457:
20314:
20300:
20221:
20184:
20075:
19116:
18741:
18542:
18530:
17332:
17307:
17278:
16667:
16349:
16344:
16339:
16334:
16329:
16229:
16007:
15900:
15885:
15694:
15560:
15492:
15462:
15457:
15359:
15324:
15250:
15225:
14807:
14802:
14792:
14777:
14767:
14731:
14701:
12343:
11164:
Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Order
10296:
8977:
8893:"A Comparative Exploration of the Spiritual Authority of the
7218:
7161:
7153:
7081:
6955:
6765:
6741:
6632:
6435:
6415:
6225:
6221:
5028:
4911:
4697:
4689:
4671:
4606:
4479:
4298:
4199:, Sheikh Sidi Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi to celebrate the
4173:
4165:
4141:
4059:
4051:
4047:
3994:
3962:
3782:
which originated among some Sufis, and practised by the Sufi
3655:
3582:
3577:
3563:
3537:
It is also necessary for the seeker to have a correct creed (
3514:
3430:
3426:
3356:
3327:
3250:
3162:
3060:
3004:
2869:
2745:
2594:
2590:
2547:
2269:
2131:
2102:
order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through
2058:
1978:
Historically, Sufis have often belonged to "orders" known as
1764:
1601:
1535:
1529:
1480:
1472:
1377:
1241:
1119:
810:
768:
761:
684:
676:
288:
250:
190:
165:
150:
145:
125:
120:
110:
96:
56:
12836:"Who Are Sufi Muslims and Why Do Some Extremists Hate Them?"
12339:
In Search of the Divine: Living Histories of Sufism in India
11038:
10918:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), et passim.
10588:
Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path
10174:
The Mantle Odes: Arabic Praise Poems to the Prophet Muhammad
10074:
Glorification of the Prophet Muhammad in the Poems of Sa'adi
9959:
Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path
9844:
Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path
9471:
Rozina Ali, "The Erasure of Islam from the Poetry of Rumi,"
6536:
work, started by Najm al-Din Kubra, followed by his student
3840:) represents the ego's shroud. By removing his black cloak (
3821:
or personal desires, by listening to the music, focusing on
3119:
1897:. Early on Sufism was known for its strict adherence to the
1874:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early
1492:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early
1425:), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as
24936:
24825:
22729:
21668:
20994:
20966:
20916:
20863:
20808:
20321:
19769:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
17318:
17313:
Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
17243:
16500:
15801:
15784:
15643:
15522:
15517:
15497:
15487:
15452:
15396:
15349:
15265:
14797:
14772:
12504:تفسير الملا علي القاري المسمى (أنوار القرآن وأسرار الفرقان)
10320:
10170:
9715:
Knysh, Alexander (2010). "Sufism". In Irwin, Robert (ed.).
9436:
7256:
7229:
6656:
6552:(Wonders of the Qur'an and Desiderata of the Criterion) by
6345:. As its title indicates, it is a sustained attempt to put
5541:
5044:
4983:
4854:
4848:(the remembrance of God out loud, as opposed to the silent
4803:
4566:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4311:, a term associated with religious visits and pilgrimages.
4290:
4242:
4017:
3935:
3861:
3813:
3630:
3438:
3414:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3221:
3048:
2737:
2661:
2602:
1997:
1910:
1902:
1687:
Another explanation traces the lexical root of the word to
1509:
1444:
870:
778:
260:
215:
200:
155:
19729:
Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
13284:
11955:
A Brief History of Islam: With Special Reference to Malaya
11374:"Qalandaria: Brief History of Hazrat Rabia al Basri R . A"
9731:
Popular Movements and Democratization in the Islamic World
9522:
Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism
9361:
9359:
9249:
8217:
8215:
6915:
Other scholars have likewise compared the Sufi concept of
6163:
4815:, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught
4470:
are also noteworthy areas of intellectual accomplishment.
3685:
Some Sufi orders stress and place extensive reliance upon
1608:(exemplary teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet
24835:
24800:
23470:
22805:
17677:
15589:
14428:
13431:
by Sajid Abdul Kayum, Chapter 1: Overview and Background.
13131:
The Dying God: The Hidden History of Western Civilization
10951:
10914:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); Idem.,
9755:
8174:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4.
4435:
3903:
3885:
3822:
3342:
2088:
1562:), Sufism has continued to play an important role in the
1413:
Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from
17419:
Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
10916:
Tales of God Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation
10827:
10055:
10053:
8907:(1). International Institute of Islamic Thought: 49–74.
8123:
Knysh, Alexander D. (2006). "Ṣūfism and the Qurʾān". In
7862:
Global sufism : boundaries, structures and politics
4776:
on the underside of the dome of Hafiz Shirazi's tomb in
4374:
and explicated in his vast Qur'an commentary called the
3605:
is to practice consciousness of the Divine Presence and
3127:. Sufis believe the name of Muhammad is holy and sacred.
1724:
Others have suggested that the word comes from the term
39:"Sufi" redirects here. For sanctification in Islam, see
14058:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
11756:
Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal
11559:
Holy people of the world: a cross-cultural encyclopedia
10351:"5 Greatest Persian Poets and Why They Remain Relevant"
10211:
9356:
8795:
8793:
8641:"Khalifa Ali bin Abu Talib – Ali, The Father of Sufism"
8546:
8212:
7755:
6562:(Lights of the Qur'an and Secrets of the Criterion) by
6475:(d. 283/896), the oldest Sufi commentary on the Qur'an.
4726:. Bayazid is regarded for his devout commitment to the
2879:
and are the heart of Turkey's large and mostly liberal
1889:
Later developments of Sufism occurred from people like
21711:
13821:
13389:
13377:
13262:. Government Promotion of Sufism. September 15, 2010.
12497:
10741:
Murad, Abdul Hakim. "Music in the Islamic Tradition."
10080:
9743:
8372:
6886:
4868:(litanies) to his followers, out of which the notable
3281:) of mystical knowledge with the "outward science" of
26697:
17471:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
17434:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
13697:
Nicholls, Ruth J.; Riddell, Peter G. (31 July 2020).
13602:
Bahoo, Sultan ul Arifeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan (2015).
11860:
11247:
11209:
The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons
10757:"Listening to Islamic Songs with Musical Instruments"
10050:
10038:
9864:
The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons
9033:
8235:
Halligan, Fredrica R. (2014). "Sufis and Sufism". In
6841:—nondogmatic, flexible and non-violent. According to
6796:
A choreographed Sufi performance on a Friday in Sudan
1936:
Important contributions in writing are attributed to
1736:, one of the most prominent companion among them was
19701:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
17304:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
13922:"Amir Khusro & Chishti Sufi Tradition of Sima'a"
13791:
Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Français À Jérusalem
12981:
11782:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
10847:. Translated by Z. H. Faruqi. D.K. Print World Ltd.
9931:
Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman Madzillah-ul-Aqdus (2015).
9391:
The Muslim 500: The World's Most Influential Muslims
8790:
4034:
3930:
is said to have infused Persian, Arabic Turkish and
3544:
Sufi practices, while attractive to some, are not a
3391:
explains the position of Sufism and Sufis this way:
2332:
essential within the life of the Islamic community.
2285:
out into the domain of the pure arid unimprisonable
2076:
2064:
2056:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1793:'pledge') that was given to Muhammad by his
1763:
The current consensus is that Sufism emerged in the
1650:
1575:
1533:
1478:
1470:
1458:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1367:
1347:
12713:
The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy
12573:
11864:
Indian Islam: a religious history of Islam in India
11020:
The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism
10845:
Fawa'id al-Fu'aad: Spiritual and Literal Discourses
10428:in this context is emphasized in Muhammad Emin Er,
10332:Silvers, Laury (2013-09-01). "al-Fatḥ al-Mawṣilī".
9377:
9375:
9148:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 557.
8767:
8765:
8712:""Sufism": A Tradition of Transcendental Mysticism"
8612:
8553:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 644.
8111:
https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211657444}
7472:"Sufism in History and its Relationship with Power"
4960:(The Book of the Sun of Gnosis) was written by the
2324:can also be seen in his hundred-page commentary on
19745:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī
19693:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī
17412:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)
13567:
12539:
12233:
10430:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs
10198:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs
9899:
9623:"The natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj"
7982:The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements
7910:"Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism"
6442:
3307:) without learning Sacred Law corrupts his faith (
2252:
2091:, and view him as their ultimate spiritual guide.
19238:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)
14154:
13856:"The Forty Rules of Love by Elif Shafak – review"
13478:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16: 3
13444:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India
13409:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India
13256:"MUSLIM NETWORKS AND MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN EUROPE"
13097:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines
12946:Walsh, Declan; Youssef, Nour (24 November 2017).
12240:Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion
10805:
10470:
10026:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition
9868:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition
9146:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition
9091:
8818:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines
8550:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi tradition
8458:(2007) by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi, Suha Taji-Farouki
8172:Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production
8038:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from
8006:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from
7089:Kremer, Alfred Von. 1868. "Notice sur Sha‘rani".
6857:, has favoured Sufi groups in its battle against
4894:was born in 1141 and died in 1236. Also known as
1543:Despite a relative decline of Sufi orders in the
1465:(self purification) and the hope of reaching the
26733:
18167:
17401:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām
14140:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123–138.
13889:The reconstruction of religious thought in Islam
12941:
12939:
12057:
12019:
11951:
11293:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 135–237.
10552:"What is Remembrance and what is Contemplation?"
9372:
9183:Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia
9120:ʿAlī – Shiʿism, Sufism, and the chivalric orders
8762:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8019:
8017:
7262:The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
6451:, expounding the inner esoteric meanings of the
3807:) aim to reach the source of all perfection, or
2895:, and, more recently, to the United States, via
19565:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
17415:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī
13696:
12829:
12827:
12825:
12467:
12195:
11867:. H. Milford, Oxford university press. p.
9694:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic 9.3World
9383:"Profile of Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Al-Tayyeb on
8456:A Prayer for Spiritual Elevation and Protection
7975:
7973:
7858:
6590:Al-Bahr al-Madeed fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majeed
3883:Kurdish Dervishes practice Sufism with playing
3790:. It is a customary dance performed within the
1994:) – congregations formed around a grand master
13703:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 181.
12164:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
12088:
11158:
11156:
10309:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 179
9449:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2008, p. 4, note 2
9051:
7859:Piraino, Francesco; Sedgwick, Mark J. (2019).
7751:
7749:
7509:Sebottendorff, Baron Rudolf von (2013-01-17).
7159:The followers of this path, which they called
6606:
3772:Sufi whirling (or Sufi spinning) is a form of
3400:
3182:
2887:, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia,
1831:refer to Ali as having a very high ranking in
1744:are considered by some to be the first Sufis.
1636:Sufism has been variously defined as "Islamic
21684:
20169:
18146:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
17496:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)
16590:
16477:
15195:
14444:
14401:
14241:
12936:
12706:
12672:
12607:
12157:
11532:"Sultan-e-Hind: Mysticism takes centre stage"
11062:"Popular Sufi leader in Morocco dies aged 95"
10166:
10164:
9761:
9220:
9218:
8074:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8014:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7508:
7144:A Comprehensive Guide for the Servants of God
6337:(The Revival of the Sciences of Religion) by
6270:(d. ca. 380/990), a popular text about which
6140:
4388:Contributions to other domains of scholarship
3802:
3581:is the remembrance of Allah commanded in the
3315:). Only he who combines the two proves true (
3171:al-Kawākib ad-Durrīya fī Madḥ Khayr al-Barīya
1380:which is characterized by a focus on Islamic
1310:
645:
14245:Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal
14119:SUFISM (Origin, Growth, Eclipse, Resurgence)
14099:The Spiritual Writings of Amir ʿAbd al-Kader
12945:
12822:
12304:
12267:
11798:
11748:
11746:
11146:Jonathan A.C. Brown, "Faithful Dissenters,"
11081:
10405:Imam Abu Hanifa's Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Explained
9679:
9677:
9675:
8776:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
8510:. Harper Collins. pp. 45–3736–45-3736.
8501:
8499:
8036:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
8004:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
7993:
7991:
7970:
7714:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4764:
4753:and he is also the founder of the order the
4233:
4041:
2387:
1712:
1696:
1532:. Important focuses of Sufi worship include
1414:
101:
26752:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements
19244:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)
14326:"Pakistan's Sufis Preach Faith and Ecstasy"
14092:
13700:Insights into Sufism: Voices from the Heart
13608:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 58.
13574:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 49.
13127:
12202:Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam
11153:
10830:Siyar-ul-Auliya: History of Chishti Silsila
9866:; see also Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani,
9773:
9557:, Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi Publications, 1992.
9504:"Dr. Jonathan A.C. Brown – What is Sufism?"
8901:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences
8847:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 November 2023.
8771:
7818:
7816:
7746:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7284:and his contemporary Sufi masters, such as
7180:, guided by a religious leader like a Sufi
6787:
6737:celebration of the birthdays of Sufi saints
6434:(Islamic monotheism), ethics, morality and
6216:(c. 1150 – c. 1245) was a Sufi scholar and
4790:jurist and prominent Sufi scholar based in
4328:
4008:(d. 1111), talking to a disciple, from the
2546:(d. 1627) preferring an audience with Sufi
1878:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of
1815:(pledging allegiance) to a legitimate Sufi
1676:both rejected all possibilities other than
1581:
1496:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of
21691:
21677:
20176:
20162:
19265:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)
16617:
16597:
16583:
16484:
16470:
15202:
15188:
14451:
14437:
14224:Insights Into Islamic Esoterism and Taoism
13533:
13021:Geaves, Ron (2014), Ridgeon, Lloyd (ed.),
12977:
12975:
12376:"Shihabuddin Abu Hafs 'Umar al-Suhrawardi"
12335:
12274:Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam
11801:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
11752:
11123:
11119:
11117:
10717:. Vol. 6. Darul Ma'rifa. p. 396.
10649:
10647:
10645:
10643:
10611:. Mevlevi Order of America. Archived from
10161:
9978:See examples provided by Muzaffar Ozak in
9878:, which reproduces the spiritual lineage (
9568:Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization
9257:: o Sufismo e as Ordens Sufis em São Paulo
9224:
9215:
9176:
9174:
8972:'s Biographical Dictionary, translated by
8576:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
8062:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
8046:
7893:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7779:
6702:should be the nation's political leader).
6663:which resulted in the deaths of 90 people.
6447:Sufis have also made contributions to the
6266:(The Exploration of the Path of Sufis) by
6147:
6133:
4986:order. He was born in a Berber family, in
4975:(1737–1815), in Arabic سيدي أحمد التجاني (
4832:
3811:. This is sought through abandoning one's
3638:includes various forms of worship such as
3593:literature and the Quran. More generally,
3285:. For example, the famous twelfth-century
2883:population. They have spread westwards to
2783:in doctrines, manners and purification."
2664:to maintain a lodge (known variously as a
2639:wellspring cavern beneath a high vertical
2063:(perfection of worship), as detailed in a
2022:These orders meet for spiritual sessions (
1317:
1303:
652:
638:
14366:
14242:Mbacké, Khadim; Hunwick, John O. (2005).
14158:Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture
14155:Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Hani (2014).
13891:(4th ed.). New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.
13474:
13440:
13395:
13357:(1). American Oriental Society: 279–281.
11794:
11792:
11743:
11110:(4th ed.). Spoken Language Services.
11103:
11033:Drei Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmid̲
10823:
10821:
10656:"Is it permissible to listen to Qawwali?"
9672:
8887:
8496:
8395:Qur'anic Exegesis in Classical Literature
8363:
8283:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 223
7988:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7925:
7030:Learn how and when to remove this message
3264:) until he reaches his goal, the perfect
3203:
2744:, is represented by institutions such as
2539:dated from the early 1620s depicting the
2083:, the complete human who personifies the
24250:
18867:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
17406:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm
14323:
14299:
14068:
13920:Dehlvi, Ghulam Rasool (April 28, 2024).
13886:
13762:"Maimonides, Abraham | Encyclopedia.com"
13499:
13351:Journal of the American Oriental Society
13094:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1993-01-01).
11832:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 171.
11825:
11636:
11253:
11051:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 99
11035:, ii (Beirut-Stuttgart, 1996), pp. 68–69
10808:"Music and Singing – A Detailed Article"
10276:"A Classic Manual of Islamic Scared Law"
10217:
9890:
9888:
9532:; and for the colonial era, Knut Vikyr,
8883:
8881:
8879:
8799:
8378:
8234:
8029:
7979:
7813:
7679:
7651:
7649:
7419:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
7398:
7212:
6812:
6791:
6626:
6549:Ghara'ib al-Qur'an wa Ragha'ib al-Furqan
6471:(Interpretation of the Great Qur'an) by
6410:(d. 709/1309), a collection of 261 Sufi
6383:(The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions) by
5020:Silsila. He was also known by the title
4945:
4879:
4768:
4644:
4332:
4107:
3984:
3871:
3760:
3712:
3567:
3507:
3468:
3365:
3346:
3207:
3118:
3022:
2969:
2859:
2704:
2684:, including a lodge for Sufi seekers, a
2627:
2530:
2391:
2268:
2256:
2002:who will trace their teaching through a
1907:Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
1656:seems to have been "one who wears wool (
1441:) - congregations formed around a grand
1398:
1376:body of religious practice found within
25552:
19090:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī
14203:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
13817:. Vol. 11. 1906. pp. 579–581.
13662:
13635:
13197:
13167:
13055:
12972:
12866:
12130:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy
11555:
11114:
11009:, II (Berlin-New York, 1992), pp. 89–90
10843:Auliya, Nizamuddin (31 December 1996).
10754:
10653:
10640:
10348:
9180:
9171:
9140:
8941:
8389:
8387:
8241:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion
6975:
6250:Among the most popular Sufi works are:
4884:A Mughal-era Sufi prayer book from the
4688:There are different opinions about the
3832:As explained by Mevlevi practitioners:
3794:, through which dervishes (also called
3503:
3372:Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar
2561:(d. 1625); the picture is inscribed in
14:
26734:
18447:
18090:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
15209:
14262:
14217:
14196:
14175:
14116:
13990:
13919:
13839:
13784:
13534:Chamankhah, Leila (3 September 2019).
13321:
13020:
12833:
12741:Hassan, Syed Raza (17 February 2017).
12740:
12451:Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
12410:The Book of Aphorisms (Kitab al-Hikam)
11789:
11582:
11337:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 112.
11286:
10842:
10818:
10086:
9815:
9667:The Islamic Tradition: An introduction
9039:
8169:
7942:
7907:
7613:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
7535:
6770:November 2017 Islamic terrorist attack
6723:), who believe that practices such as
6455:. Among such works are the following:
6406:(The Aphorisms of Ibn 'Ata' Allah) by
6256:Al-Ta'arruf li-Madhhab Ahl al-Tasawwuf
6208:
6197:(died 922) is renowned for his claim,
6064:Tanbih al-'Uqul 'ala Tanzih al-Sufiyya
6059:Tanbih al-Ghabi bi-Tabri'at Ibn 'Arabi
4925:
4640:
3343:Traditional Islamic thought and Sufism
3332:Organisation of the Islamic Conference
3258:or "road" through different stations (
3161:In the 13th century, a Sufi poet from
2965:
2526:
29:Body of mystical practice within Islam
25551:
24704:
24249:
21710:
21672:
21414:
21182:
20798:
20157:
18166:
17239:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
16616:
16578:
16564:The Revival of the Religious Sciences
16514:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya
16465:
15183:
14861:The Revival of the Religious Sciences
14432:
14342:
14135:
14055:
13601:
13429:The Jamaat Tableegh and the Deobandis
13200:"The battle for the soul of Chechnya"
12894:. Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
12679:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an
12413:. Translated by Muhammed Nafih Wafy.
11418:
11363:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 87.
11287:Akhtar, Ali Humayun (June 10, 2017).
11107:A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
11104:Wehr, Hans; Cowan, J. Milton (1979).
10683:
10403:, and Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Maghnisawi,
10059:
10044:
9894:
9885:
9749:
9714:
9555:The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism
8876:
8857:
8709:
8573:
8547:Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (June 2004).
8122:
8059:
7914:American Journal of Islam and Society
7661:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2014-02-04
7646:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7469:
7451:from the original on 28 November 2018
7435:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.51
7198:Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
7098:In the ethical writings of the Sufis
7050:Kitab al-Hidayah ila Fara'iḍ al-Ḳulub
6893:Hindu-Islamic relations § Sufism
6499:'Ara'is al-Bayan fi Haqa'iq aI-Qur'an
6349:back into Muslim religious discourse.
6310:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya
6303:The Revival of the Religious Sciences
6239:
3374:is celebrated on 23 March every year.
2914:The life of the Algerian Sufi master
2117:) in the early Middle Ages. The term
1500:. Although Sufis were opposed to dry
21183:
20799:
16604:
14619:Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari
14408:. Routledge Sufi Series. Routledge.
14392:
14324:Schmidle, Nicholas (December 2008).
13840:Curiel, Jonathan (6 February 2005).
13827:
13785:Loubet, Mireille (15 October 2000).
13475:Siddiqui, Ataullah; Waugh, Earle H.
13383:
13348:
13093:
12960:from the original on 1 December 2017
12869:"Salafi intolerance threatens Sufis"
12848:from the original on 1 December 2017
11995:. Cambridge Companions to Religion.
11759:. Taylor & Francis. p. 78.
11609:
10171:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (2010),
10102:The Seals of Wisdom (Fusus al-Hikam)
9934:Sultan Bahoo: The Life and Teachings
9683:
8844:Jāmī | Persian poet and scholar
8811:
8574:Ernst, Carl W. (2003). "Tasawwuf ".
8505:
8384:
8319:
7997:
7790:
7409:
7127:, the son of the Jewish philosopher
6979:
6631:Muslim pilgrims gathered around the
6090:
4994:, and died at the age of 78 in Fez.
4875:
4786:(1077–1166) was a Mesopotamian-born
4733:
4703:
3969:are used. Pakistani singing maestro
3744:Ilahî anta maqsûdî wa-ridâka matlûbî
3454:The Conference of the Birds by Attar
2098:, with the notable exception of the
18878:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi
14138:The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad
13663:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998).
13636:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998).
13571:Sultan-Bahoo-The Life and Teachings
13287:"Building Moderate Muslim Networks"
13202:. Guardian News and Media Limited.
11785:. The Institute. 2006. p. 241.
11350:. Cambridge University Press, 1928.
10806:Muhammad Ibn Adam (14 April 2004).
10755:Rabbani, Faraz (25 December 2012).
9996:. Irwin, Robert, 1946–. Cambridge.
9570:, HarperSanFrancisco, 2003. (Ch. 1)
9250:Mário Alves da Silva Filho (2012).
9022:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p. 22,
8536:. Naqshbandi Sufi Way. 9 June 2021.
8032:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Thought and Practice"
7822:
7138:and entitled "כתאב כפאיה אלעאבדין"
6904:The tenth-century Persian polymath
6887:Similarities with Eastern religions
6430:, and deals with issues related to
6228:. He devoted himself to knowledge,
6189:
5120:Ibn Arabi and theoretical mysticism
5008:
4453:, a Sufi teacher authorized in the
4305:. Sufis often visit the shrine for
4234:
4226:
4042:
4030:
3803:
3733:can be likened to the practices of
3650:music of the Indian subcontinent),
3613:of Allah (65:10–11). Some types of
1843:of the principals and practices of
1783:
1713:
1697:
1508:and belonged to various schools of
1415:
1357:
1337:
24:
25521:Religions and spiritual traditions
21713:Religious groups and denominations
15410:
13993:"The Many Voices of Enlightenment"
12834:Specia, Megan (24 November 2017).
12127:; William Edelglass, eds. (2011).
11556:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004-12-15).
11507:"Hizb ul Bahr – Litany of the Sea"
11421:Hundred great Muslims Jamil Ahmad
11049:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning
10955:Historical Dictionary of the Sudan
10712:
10120:, John Andrew Boyle (translator),
10071:
9717:The New Cambridge History of Islam
9018:Carl W. Ernst, Bruce B. Lawrence,
8858:Knysh, Alexander D. (2011-05-01),
8613:Shaykh Tariq Knecht (2018-11-09).
8281:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning
7953:
7576:
6784:. Most of the victims were Sufis.
6778:one of the worst terrorist attacks
6655:, Pakistan); on 16 February 2017,
6560:Anwar al-Qur'an wa Asrar al-Furqan
4941:
4714:
4625:
4560:(knowing God and knowing oneself):
3920:, and is now usually performed at
2499:; and the Naqshbandiyya order was
71:
25:
26768:
19250:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)
14525:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi
14424:
14121:. New Delhi: Anuradha Prakashan.
13787:"Jewish pietism of the Sufi type"
13198:Parfitt, Tom (23 November 2007).
13027:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism
12986:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 67.
12580:Islamic Spirituality: Foundations
12471:Yunus Emre: The Sufi Poet in Love
12382:. Anqa Publishing. Archived from
11992:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism
11583:Willis, John Ralph (2012-10-12).
10743:Cambridge Muslim College Retreat.
10133:
10115:
10098:
9991:
9906:. Yale University Press. p.
9351:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr
9052:Bin Jamil Zeno, Muhammad (1996).
8897:in the Shi'i and Sufi Traditions"
8330:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr
8294:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr
8081:, RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 1–4,
7309:Brooklyn Museum's Islamic gallery
6950:The ninth-century Iranian mystic
6643:) of the 13th-century Sufi saint
6490:(Subtleties of the Allusions) by
6422:), based on the teachings of the
6385:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi
6354:Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq
5449:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi
5039:Hussaini family. His teacher was
5016:was a Sufi saint who founded the
4872:is recited worldwide even today.
4473:
4004:(d. 1123), brother of the famous
2779:) and ... of the Sufism of Imam
2305:that one must be trained to use.
2125:(ultimate truth). A tariqa has a
1740:. These men and women who sat at
26719:
26707:
26681:
26672:
26671:
26485:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
25627:Democratic Republic of the Congo
21653:
21652:
21641:
21162:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
20352:Timeline of the history of Islam
20183:
19268:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)
17490:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard
17362:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-
17040:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit
16491:
15165:
14685:
14019:
13984:
13954:
13941:
13913:
13880:
13848:
13833:
13805:
13778:
13754:
13736:
13724:
13690:
13656:
13629:
13595:
13561:
13540:. Springer Nature. p. 253.
13527:
13506:. Sarup & Sons. p. 81.
13493:
13468:
13434:
13422:
13401:
13342:
13315:
13278:
13248:
13218:
13191:
13161:
13148:
13121:
13087:
13049:
13014:
12990:
12906:
12879:
12860:
12794:
12766:
12734:
12700:
12666:
12640:
12611:Jihad in Premodern Sufi Writings
12601:
12567:
12533:
12491:
12461:
12435:
12397:
12368:
12329:
12298:
12261:
12227:
12189:
12151:
12117:
12082:
12051:
12013:
11978:
11945:
11927:
11909:
11900:
11887:
11875:
11854:
11819:
11773:
11734:
11725:
11716:
11707:
11698:
11689:
11680:
11655:
11630:
11603:
11576:
11549:
11524:
11499:
11477:
11435:
11412:
11391:
11366:
11353:
11340:
11327:
11280:
11259:
11235:
11222:
11197:
11176:
11140:
11134:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0445
11097:
11075:
11054:
11025:
11012:
10999:
10986:
10945:
10939:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335
10921:
10904:
10886:
10861:
10836:
10799:
10774:
10748:
10735:
10721:
10706:
10686:"Moulana Rumi and Whirling Zikr"
10684:Desai, Siraj (13 January 2011).
10677:
10654:Hussain, Zahid (22 April 2012).
10626:
10601:
10580:
10562:
10544:
10535:
10509:
10489:
10473:"Dhikr and the Wisdom Behind It"
10464:
10443:
10418:
10385:
10367:
10342:
10326:
10314:
10307:The Four Imams and Their Schools
10260:
10223:
10190:
10142:
10138:, John Andrew Boyle (translator)
10127:
10109:
10092:
10065:
10024:Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani,
10018:
9985:
9972:
9951:
9924:
9856:
9492:from the original on 2021-12-11.
9426:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188
8480:. Sufi Way. 2003. Archived from
8147:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00196
7762:The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah
7630:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188
6984:
6619:Sectarian violence among Muslims
6583:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi/Bursevi
6571:Ruh al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an
6114:
6100:
6089:
6077:
6076:
4840:(died 1258), the founder of the
4696:whereas others believe it to be
3901:Musical instruments (except the
3750:
2397:A Sufi in Ecstasy in a Landscape
2339:forms the soundest tradition in
1284:
683:
621:
25087:Evolutionary origin of religion
21513:List of ex-Muslim organisations
19815:United Submitters International
19099:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir
18477:Alid dynasties of northern Iran
17830:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
13330:from the original on 2014-09-14
13303:from the original on 2014-05-31
13266:from the original on 2014-06-23
13236:from the original on 2014-05-16
13226:"Sufism: Of saints and sinners"
13206:from the original on 2014-09-14
13179:from the original on 2014-07-08
13154:Jamal Malik, John R. Hinnells:
13076:from the original on 2016-10-29
12914:"Salafi Violence against Sufis"
12885:
12474:. Blue Dome Press. p. 25.
11753:James Wise (10 November 2016).
11664:Dictionary of African Biography
10782:"Is Music Prohibited in Islam?"
9980:Irshad: Wisdom of a Sufi Master
9937:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications.
9836:
9809:
9779:
9723:
9708:
9659:
9637:
9615:
9594:
9573:
9560:
9547:
9510:
9496:
9478:
9465:
9452:
9408:
9343:
9316:
9296:
9279:
9243:
9225:Trimingham, J. Spencer (1998).
9162:
9134:
9111:
9097:
9055:The Pillars of Islam & Iman
9045:
9012:
8991:
8963:
8935:
8851:
8835:
8805:
8739:
8726:
8703:
8664:
8658:
8633:
8606:
8582:
8567:
8540:
8524:
8470:
8461:
8449:
8423:
8411:
8357:
8312:
8299:
8286:
8273:
8228:
8163:
8116:
8103:
8094:
8068:
7901:
7852:
7680:Hossein., Nasr, Seyyed (2008).
7342:
7080:The precepts prescribed by the
6443:Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an
6289:(Nourishment of the Hearts) by
3646:(the most well known being the
2978:(built 1324 A.D) is located in
2511:, and the Sultan Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn (
2483:, being a renowned jurist; the
2253:Sufism as an Islamic discipline
25443:Separation of church and state
24091:Polytheistic reconstructionism
20109:Sunni schools of jurisprudence
19127:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād
17840:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
17835:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
17493:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)
17114:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari
14265:Journal of Religion and Health
13991:Cotter, Holland (2009-06-11).
13669:. A&C Black. p. 190.
13642:. A&C Black. p. 223.
12888:"Kashmir: From Sufi to Salafi"
12867:Ibrahim, Baher (10 May 2010).
11861:Murray Thurston Titus (1930).
11641:. Amsterdam University Press.
11265:See especially Robert Frager,
10828:Muhammad bin Mubarak Kirmani.
9185:. Cambridge University Press.
9007:University of California Press
8034:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
8002:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
7908:Newlon, Brendan (2017-07-01).
7722:
7673:
7529:
7502:
7463:
7384:
7228:The 13th century Persian poet
7165:(not to be confused with the
7062:. This book was translated by
6540:(d. 654/1256) and finished by
6449:Qur'anic exegetical literature
3973:is credited with popularizing
3100:Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi
1963:
1569:
1457:, with the goal of undergoing
102:
13:
1:
23045:Traditional Sabahan religions
19541:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
17867:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid
14402:Zarrabi-Zadeh, Saeed (2016).
14200:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
14182:. SkyLight Paths Publishing.
13322:ETERAZ, ALI (June 10, 2009).
13062:. Stanford University Press.
13056:Corbett, Rosemary R. (2016).
11906:Memoirs of the Saints, p.108.
11897:, Stephen Hirtenstein, p. 246
10517:"The Naqshbandi Way of Dhikr"
10334:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
9791:Oxford Islamic Studies Online
9669:. Amity House. February 1988.
9447:Introduction to Sufi Doctrine
9092:Fitzpatrick & Walker 2014
8864:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
8506:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2008).
8257:10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_666
8030:Chittick, William C. (2009).
7984:. Cambridge University Press.
7960:Oxford Islamic Studies Online
7330:
7296:
7208:
7117:. However, the author of the
6659:claimed responsibility for a
6325:(The Qushayrian Treatise) by
5932:'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
4997:
4806:. He was given lessons about
4097:
3464:
3096:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari
2905:Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi
2692:
2465:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari
2293:, is frequently a product of
2157:Prominent tariqa include the
2030:) in meeting places known as
1811:Sufis believe that by giving
1774:Sufi orders are based on the
1404:
21698:
21498:Apostasy in Islam by country
21365:Liberalism and progressivism
19229:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)
19170:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
19151:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi
18169:Islamic schools and branches
17004:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
16909:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
14248:. Markus Wiener Publishers.
13793:(7). bcrfj.revues.org: 87–91
12984:Islam and the West Post 9/11
12656:The University of St Andrews
12546:Feminist Edges of the Qur'an
12405:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari
11419:Ahmad, Khwaja Jamil (1971).
10871:. 2013-03-20. Archived from
10177:, Indiana University Press,
10151:The Signs of a Sincere Lover
10136:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God
10118:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God
9992:Knysh, Alexander. "Sufism".
9862:Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee,
9516:For the pre-modern era, see
9488:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015.
9058:. Darussalam. pp. 19–.
8999:Sufism: The Formative Period
8736:. Paris: Vrin, 1954. p. 104.
8433:. Mac.abc.se. Archived from
7956:"Sufism in the Modern World"
7377:
6817:A 17th-century miniature of
6772:on a Sufi mosque located in
6661:suicide attack on the shrine
6601:
6528:(Starry Interpretations) by
6408:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari
5297:Jamal al-Din b. al-Harastani
5058:
4916:Shahāb-ud-Din Muhammad Ghori
4862:also gave eighteen valuable
4488:At-Takhalli, At-Tahalli, At-
4112:Sufi mosque in Esfahan, Iran
3018:
2786:Current Sufi orders include
2635:, built c. 1520 next to the
2463:), the Naqshbandiyya (after
2004:chain of successive teachers
1643:
1451:chain of successive teachers
7:
25296:National religiosity levels
24521:Nauruan Indigenous religion
24071:Hellenism (modern religion)
19161:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin
17857:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
17214:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
17149:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
14647:Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi
14306:Mystical Dimension of Islam
13447:. Aakar Books. p. 90.
13175:. Globe Newspaper Company.
13128:Livingstone, David (2002).
12501:(2012). ناجي السويد (ed.).
12043:– via Distributed by
11082:Staff Writer (2018-03-28).
11022:(London, 1996), pp. 109–110
10994:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
10393:The Creed of Imam al-Tahawi
10323:. Retrieved on Feb 2, 2010.
10239:"Reliance of the Traveller"
9506:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015.
9229:. Oxford University Press.
8774:Sufism The Formative Period
8772:Karamustafa, Ahmet (2007).
8710:Emara, Nancy (2002-08-30).
8478:"Origin of sufism – Qadiri"
8130:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
7536:Belhaj, Abdessamad (2013).
7010:the claims made and adding
6855:7 July 2005 London bombings
6607:Persecution of Sufi Muslims
5104:Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society
4813:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
4800:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
4206:
4035:
3702:
3401:Persian influence on Sufism
3183:Sufi beliefs about Muhammad
3105:
2994:—after death and after the
2727:modernist Islamic reformers
2653:National Monument of Bosnia
2550:to his contemporaries, the
2469:four orthodox legal schools
2459:), the Hamadaniyyah (after
2077:
2065:
2057:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2024:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1870:Sufism emerged early on in
1690:
1679:
1659:
1651:
1576:
1534:
1488:Sufism emerged early on in
1479:
1471:
1459:
1449:who would be the last in a
1443:
1435:
1427:
1421:
1368:
1348:
858:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
26773:
24705:
21415:
19912:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir
19357:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
19110:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī
18788:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani
18272:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
17528:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
17159:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
17119:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
16944:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
14458:
14075:Sufism: A Beginner's Guide
14048:
13441:Mohammada, Malika (2007).
12682:. First published 2006 by
11997:Cambridge University Press
11589:. Routledge. p. 234.
11166:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008,
10731:. Al-Ilmiyya. p. 319.
10432:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008,
10200:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008,
9961:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008,
9882:) of a living Sufi master.
9846:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008,
8533:Taking Initiation (Bay'ah)
8064:. MacMillan Reference USA.
7300:
7203:
7041:
6890:
6861:currents. The influential
6755:(impure "innovation") and
6695:" (i.e., that the supreme
6616:
6610:
6243:
5027:He hailed originally from
4629:
4262:
4210:
4101:
4092:Junayd of Baghdad (d. 910)
4015:
3867:
3754:
3706:
3561:
3512:Sufi gathering engaged in
3086:(e.g., as in the books of
2756:, with Al-Azhar's current
2709:Whirling dervishes of the
2471:of Sunni Islam. Thus, the
1967:
1758:
1751:
1747:
1705:as considered in Islam is
1526:Safavid conversion of Iran
38:
31:
26667:
26586:
26503:
26375:
26120:
25845:
25562:
25558:
25547:
25456:
25381:
25152:
25060:
24997:
24715:
24711:
24700:
24258:
24245:
24170:
23993:
23975:Transcendental Meditation
23868:
23855:
23820:
23568:
23545:
23534:
23461:
23424:
23124:
23020:
23002:
22946:
22937:
22854:
22782:
22633:
22624:
22582:
22554:
22512:
22445:
22436:
22427:
22393:
22360:
22332:
22323:
22273:
22140:
21827:
21741:
21732:
21723:
21719:
21706:
21636:
21521:
21488:
21428:
21424:
21410:
21337:
21304:
21276:Geography and cartography
21251:
21198:
21194:
21178:
21004:
20926:
20873:
20822:
20818:
20794:
20664:
20488:
20448:
20331:
20283:
20207:
20203:
20192:
20103:
20056:
20008:
19962:
19852:
19839:
19778:
19675:
19618:
19601:
19488:
19436:
19427:
19366:
19283:
19217:
19194:
19141:
19061:
19046:
18976:
18843:
18686:
18550:
18525:
18501:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects
18438:
18338:
18188:
18179:
18175:
18162:
18136:
18081:
18028:
17924:
17917:
17875:
17845:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine
17805:
17663:
17560:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
17508:
17478:
17385:
17353:
17294:
17252:
17073:
17027:
17014:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
16989:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
16839:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
16778:
16769:
16737:
16709:
16676:
16648:
16641:
16637:
16612:
16554:The Beginning of Guidance
16499:
16373:
16222:
16124:
16026:
15990:
15815:
15551:
15421:
15408:
15218:
15163:
15076:
15041:
14970:
14893:
14884:
14831:
14760:
14694:
14683:
14466:
14277:10.1007/s10943-006-9073-2
14078:. Oneworld Publications.
13951:. ISBN 978-0-19-288923-2.
12648:"al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya"
12211:Columbia University Press
12058:Erik S. Ohlander (2008).
11952:Mohammed A. Rauf (1964).
11893:K. al-Wasa'il, quoted in
11637:Bangstad, Sindre (2007).
11562:. ABC-CLIO. p. 858.
11361:Women and Gender in Islam
11335:Women and Gender in Islam
11018:B. Radtke and J. O’Kane,
10992:Radtke, B., "Saint", in:
10609:"The Sema of the Mevlevi"
10478:. Translated by A. Rahmim
10321:The Amman Message Summary
9762:Mbacké & Hunwick 2005
9123:. Encyclopedia Britannica
8974:William McGuckin de Slane
8616:Journal of a Sufi Odyssey
8401:: The Other Press, 2010.
8393:Rashid Ahmad Jullundhry,
8188:10.1163/9789004226487_027
7765:. Islamic Texts Society.
7554:10.1163/19585705-12341276
7415:"Mysticism in Sufi Islam"
6681:Muslim-majority countries
6542:'Alā' al-Dawla al-Simnani
6532:(d. 618/1221). This is a
6461:Tafsir al-Qu'ran al-'Azim
6220:preaching principally in
5041:Bayazid Tayfur al-Bistami
4979:), is the founder of the
4784:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani
4765:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani
4118:visit or make pilgrimages
3980:
3495:was originally coined by
3193:al-ḥaqīqa al-Muhammadiyya
2864:Sufi Tanoura twirling in
2388:Formalization of doctrine
1504:, they strictly observed
25612:Central African Republic
22592:Vietnamese folk religion
21983:Charismatic Christianity
21595:Islamic view of miracles
19530:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
18405:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
18019:The Moderation in Belief
17900:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya
17638:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi
17209:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
17139:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi
16559:The Moderation in Belief
16509:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
15008:Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi
14856:The Alchemy of Happiness
14841:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
14581:Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili
14271:(3). Springer: 409–421.
14176:Gamard, Ibrahim (2004).
13887:Muhammad, Iqbal (1990).
13500:Laliwala, J. I. (2005).
13324:"State-Sponsored Sufism"
12684:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
12622:imprint is published by
12517:Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya
12468:Zekeriya Bașkal (2013).
11826:Suvorova, A. A. (2004).
11616:. OUP USA. p. 116.
10497:The Book of Sufi Healing
10268:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri
10231:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri
9227:The Sufi Orders in Islam
9181:Peacock, A.C.S. (2019).
9142:Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham
8986:Royal Library of Belgium
8913:10.35632/ajiss.v32i1.260
7335:
7286:Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya
7140:Kitāb Kifāyah al-'Ābidīn
6851:violent strains of Islam
6788:Perception outside Islam
6693:governance of the jurist
6689:Islamic Republic of Iran
6669:religious discrimination
6554:Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi
6322:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
5662:'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
5654:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi
5527:Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi
5365:Shams al-Din al-Khuwayyi
4968:during the 12th century.
4568:The Seven stages of nafs
4329:Theoretical perspectives
3557:
3272:Jamiʿ karamat al-awliyaʾ
3123:The name of Muhammad in
2976:Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam
1648:The original meaning of
947:Medieval Islamic science
25506:New religious movements
25139:Theories about religion
25092:Evolutionary psychology
24116:Modern Finnish paganism
22059:Independent Catholicism
21350:Creationism (evolution)
19987:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
19383:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān
19301:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī
19073:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād
18012:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
17970:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah
17825:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
17229:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
17134:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
17124:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
16964:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
16919:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
16854:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
15090:Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri
14675:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi
14483:'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani
13949:Oxford University Press
12551:Oxford University Press
12243:. London and New York:
12135:Oxford University Press
12089:Harry S. Neale (2022).
11964:Oxford University Press
11895:The Unlimited Mercifier
11610:Gibb, H. A. R. (1970).
11409:Retrieved 25 July 2022.
11148:Journal of Sufi Studies
11128:(2nd ed.). Brill.
10933:(2nd ed.). Brill.
10495:Hakim Moinuddin Chisti
10471:Abdullah Jawadi Amuli.
9698:Oxford University Press
9420:(2nd ed.). Brill.
8942:Ridgeon, Lloyd (2010).
7927:10.35632/ajis.v34i3.789
7797:Encyclopædia Britannica
7757:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili
7427:Oxford University Press
7268:
7243:The Forty Rules of Love
7189:The Jewish Encyclopedia
7149:Guide for the Perplexed
6782:history of modern Egypt
6729:veneration of the tombs
6518:Al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya
6366:'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
5993:Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi
5948:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini
5887:Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi
5872:Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i
5841:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
5638:Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali
5606:'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munawi
5396:Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi
5350:Zakiy al-Din al-Birzali
5220:'Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili
4838:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili
4833:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili
4802:gave Gilani lessons in
4661:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya or
4249:has a sense similar to
4193:Zaouia Moulay Idriss II
3993:depicting the medieval
3295:, later venerated as a
2457:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili
2425:Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi
2376:Al-Munqidh min al-dalal
2374:Al-Ghazali narrates in
2299:Islamic fundamentalists
1684:on linguistic grounds.
1612:), gave definitions of
34:Sufism (disambiguation)
26155:Bosnia and Herzegovina
24131:Erzyan native religion
23980:Unitarian Universalism
23340:Native American Church
22103:Oneness Pentecostalism
21610:Persecution of Muslims
21508:List of former Muslims
20357:Succession to Muhammad
19659:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu
19241:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)
18734:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
18229:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
17890:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd
17885:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani
17820:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
17780:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi
17765:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
17445:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri
17440:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar
17199:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
17109:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
17104:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
17089:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
16959:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
16924:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
16849:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
15415:
15084:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi
14931:'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid
14497:Baha' al-Din Naqshband
14197:Glassé, Cyril (2008).
13749:The Way of Serving God
13745:The Way of Serving God
12779:Daily Times (Pakistan)
12608:Harry S Neale (2016).
11884:Retrieved 17 July 2022
11242:Realities of The Heart
11126:Encyclopaedia of Islam
10931:Encyclopaedia of Islam
10349:Nemanja (2022-10-25).
9957:See Muhammad Emin Er,
9684:Voll, John O. (2009).
9418:Encyclopaedia of Islam
9306:Bloomsbury Publishing
9253:A Mística Islâmica em
8997:Ahmet T. Karamustafa,
8251:. pp. 1750–1751.
8125:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen
8075:Qamar-ul Huda (2003),
8000:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Orders."
7998:Voll, John O. (2009).
7515:. Simon and Schuster.
7470:Anjum, Tanvir (2006).
7255:, one of the greatest
7225:
7096:
6958:, meaning perfection.
6833:
6811:
6797:
6664:
6168:al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya
6053:Books about Ibn 'Arabi
6021:Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya
5849:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani
5794:'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani
5709:Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi
5550:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
5542:'Abd al-Rahman al-Jāmī
5488:Badr al-Din ibn Jama'a
5435:Admirers and defenders
5332:Baha' al-Din Ghazi b.
4969:
4888:
4780:
4686:
4658:
4522:is temporary state of
4338:
4217:In Islamic mysticism,
4113:
4013:
4010:Meetings of the Lovers
3898:
3846:
3769:
3748:
3726:
3573:
3535:
3518:
3488:
3398:
3375:
3363:
3254:or "wayfarer", in his
3229:
3204:Sufism and Islamic law
3128:
3117:
3028:
2987:
2916:Abdelkader El Djezairi
2889:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2872:
2722:
2656:
2566:
2412:
2385:
2311:Al-Risala al-Safadiyya
2277:
2266:
2261:Dancing dervishes, by
2020:
1809:
1666:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1410:
957:Succession to Muhammad
76:
26475:Saint Kitts and Nevis
25772:São Tomé and Príncipe
25632:Republic of the Congo
23828:Aboriginal Australian
22455:Chinese folk religion
21394:Conversion to mosques
21261:Alchemy and chemistry
19928:Wallace Fard Muhammad
18885:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya
18392:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
18141:Early Muslim scholars
17949:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
17219:Rahmatullah Kairanawi
16969:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
16879:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
15414:
15150:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
15114:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
15067:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi
15032:Abu al-Husain al-Nuri
14990:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi
14393:Shah, Idries (1970).
14117:Chopra, R.M. (2016).
13666:In Search of Muhammad
13639:In Search of Muhammad
12718:Bloomsbury Publishing
12652:arts.st-andrews.ac.uk
12305:Saeko Yazaki (2013).
12101:Bloomsbury Publishing
12031:Oneworld Publications
11987:University of Glasgow
9704:on November 24, 2012.
9566:Seyyed Hossein Nasr,
9349:Seyyed Hossein Nasr,
9191:10.1017/9781108582124
8676:Oneworld Publications
8292:Seyyed Hossein Nasr,
8010:on November 24, 2012.
7966:on February 19, 2013.
7824:Bos, Matthijs van den
7791:Schimmel, Annemarie.
7217:Tomb shrine of Rumi,
7216:
7172:movement) or Sufism (
7078:
6816:
6807:
6795:
6630:
6623:Sufi–Salafi relations
6396:Al-Hikam al-'Ata'iyya
6347:vigour and liveliness
6315:Abu Na'im al-Isfahani
6268:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi
5857:Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya
5818:Wali al-Din al-'Iraqi
5780:Critics and opponents
5717:Badr al-Din al-Hasani
5412:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
5404:Sa'd al-Din al-Hamawi
4950:A manuscript of Sufi
4949:
4883:
4772:
4743:Abdul Qadir al-Jilani
4676:
4648:
4336:
4111:
3988:
3971:Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
3882:
3834:
3778:or physically active
3764:
3739:
3716:
3571:
3530:
3511:
3472:
3393:
3369:
3350:
3211:
3122:
3109:
3026:
2973:
2950:-born wandering Sufi
2863:
2708:
2631:
2534:
2395:
2380:
2272:
2260:
2015:
1923:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi
1919:Al-Junayd al-Baghdadi
1801:
1528:under the concept of
1510:Islamic jurisprudence
1402:
75:
26097:United Arab Emirates
24883:Religious experience
24252:Historical religions
23254:Four Mothers Society
22612:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
21944:Schwenkfelder Church
21120:Ma malakat aymanukum
20695:Association football
20594:Moderate Kharijites
19579:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
19374:Al-Harith ibn Surayj
18564:Theology of Twelvers
18409:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
17956:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
17755:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
17154:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi
17144:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
17129:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
16949:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
16914:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
16904:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
16899:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
16874:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
15639:Raising hands in Dua
15026:Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi
15014:Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz
14511:Mu'in al-Din Chishti
14331:Smithsonian Magazine
13766:www.encyclopedia.com
13171:(January 25, 2009).
13023:"Sufism in the West"
12662:on 14 February 2023.
12386:on 4 February 2023.
12045:Simon & Schuster
11444:Sufism – Sufi orders
11230:al-Wasilat al-Fasila
11086:. Morocco World News
10729:Hashiyah at-Tahtaawi
10072:Aavani, Gholamreza,
9797:on November 19, 2012
8860:"Abū Hāshim al-Ṣūfī"
8750:The Path of Muhammad
8666:Brown, Jonathan A.C.
8368:Perennial philosophy
8325:Chittick, William C.
8321:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
8182:. pp. 659–680.
6976:Influence on Judaism
6945:Noble Eightfold Path
6645:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar
6613:Persecution of Sufis
5940:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
5598:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
5519:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
5441:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
5282:Al-Qasim ibn 'Asakir
5251:Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
5140:(the Fixed Entities)
5127:(the Complete Human)
4649:Depiction of Rabi'a
4599:Pledge of Allegiance
4138:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar
4006:Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
3977:all over the world.
3717:An Algerian Sufi in
3504:Devotional practices
3236:(exoteric "canon"),
2850:(Naqshbandiah), and
2599:Khoja Akhmet Yassawi
2571:Islamic civilization
2479:, with its founder,
1954:Said ibn al-Musayyib
1857:Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
1728:("the people of the
996:Association football
26490:Trinidad and Tobago
26385:Antigua and Barbuda
25553:Religion by country
24609:Cult of Magna Mater
23082:Philippine Dayawism
22663:Nimbarka Sampradaya
22411:Chinese Manichaeism
22083:Jehovah's Witnesses
21888:Proto-Protestantism
19808:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
19555:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
19527:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
19325:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī
18987:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah
18294:Other Salafi trends
18123:Musta'li Isma'ilism
18039:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya
17430:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr
17194:Anwar Shah Kashmiri
16844:Zakariyya al-Ansari
15096:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag
14949:Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad
14937:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya
14607:('Umar al-Khalwati)
14395:The Way of the Sufi
14301:Schimmel, Annemarie
14227:. Sophia Perennis.
14094:Chodkiewicz, Michel
13962:"Battle of Karbala"
13814:Jewish Encyclopedia
13260:Pew Research Center
12575:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
12336:Rana Safvi (2022).
11536:The Express Tribune
11407:Sayyed Aminul Qadri
10134:Attar, Fariduddin,
10116:Attar, Fariduddin,
9600:Arthur F. Buehler,
9302:Michael S. Pittman
7282:Khwaja Amir Khusrau
7055:Duties of the Heart
6828:, currently in the
6803:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
6776:; it is considered
6272:'Umar al-Suhrawardi
6214:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag
6209:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag
5833:Taqi al-Din al-Fasi
5768:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
5756:Gibril Fouad Haddad
5740:Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi
5566:Zakariyya al-Ansari
5514:(d. after 787/1385)
5235:Abu Zayd al-Suhayli
5204:Abu Tahir al-Silafi
5144:Al-Maratib al-Sab'a
5131:Al-A'yan al-Thabita
4931:Bahauddin Naqshband
4926:Bahauddin Naqshband
4641:Rabi'a Al-'Adawiyya
4632:List of Sufi saints
4122:Sayyid Ali Hamadani
4084:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya
3918:Indian subcontinent
3768:, at Rumi Fest 2007
3689:. This practice of
3658:(most famously the
3450:The Bustan by Saadi
3444:The Masnavi of Rumi
3353:Sayyid Ali Hamadani
3125:Islamic calligraphy
3088:Seyyed Hossein Nasr
2966:Aims and objectives
2750:Al-Azhar University
2527:Growth of influence
2461:Sayyid Ali Hamadani
2353:Al-Fuḍayl ibn ‘Iyāḍ
2295:Western orientalism
2263:Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād
2146:, which led to the
1974:List of Sufi orders
1852:Jonathan A.C. Brown
1742:al-Masjid an-Nabawi
757:Profession of Faith
730:Day of Resurrection
26757:Hinduism and Islam
26425:Dominican Republic
25471:Abrahamic prophets
24560:Proto-Indo-Iranian
23055:Aliran Kepercayaan
22258:Non-denominational
22180:Modernist Salafism
21866:Oriental Orthodoxy
21615:Quran and miracles
21529:Criticism of Islam
21233:Geometric patterns
21085:Gender segregation
20656:Non-denominational
20107:Other scholars of
19998:Islamic modernists
19972:Modernist Salafism
19628:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
19587:Abdullah ibn Saba'
19522:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
19407:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf
19395:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr
19386:Muhārīb ibn Dithār
19317:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī
18639:Astarabadi (Naimi)
18369:Abdullah al-Harari
18323:Muhammad bin Dawud
18256:Syed Nazeer Husain
17991:Tabsirat al-Adilla
17905:Al-Mansur al-Qasim
17740:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
17587:Syed Nazeer Husain
17510:Salafi Theologians
17262:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham
17234:Muhammad Abu Zahra
17019:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
16869:Abdul Qadir Gilani
16549:Sicilian Questions
16544:Meccan Revelations
16524:Dala'il al-Khayrat
16519:Al-Wabil al-Sayyib
15416:
15120:Bahadur Shah Zafar
15061:Abu Talib al-Makki
15055:Abu Bakr al-Shibli
15028:(d. 295 or 320 AH)
15016:(d. 277 or 286 AH)
14980:(d. 205 or 215 AH)
14871:Dala'il al-Khayrat
13998:The New York Times
13966:Brooklynmuseum.org
13158:, Routledge, p. 25
13156:Sufism in the West
12953:The New York Times
12918:Islamopedia Online
12841:The New York Times
12810:. 20 February 2017
12782:. 17 February 2017
12620:Palgrave Macmillan
12541:Aysha Hidayatullah
12499:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari
12235:Ian Richard Netton
11999:. pp. 75–76.
11485:"Thareeqush Shukr"
11228:Muhammad Emin Er,
11162:Muhammad Emin Er,
11047:Titus Burckhardt,
10586:Muhammad Emin Er,
10541:Touma 1996, p.162.
10305:Gibril F. Haddad,
10248:. pp. 778–795
10246:Amana Publications
10196:Muhammad Emin Er,
9842:Muhammad Emin Er,
9553:Leonard Lewisohn,
9518:Vincent J. Cornell
9445:Titus Burckhardt,
8982:Institut de France
8889:Masterton, Rebecca
8732:Massignon, Louis.
8484:on 27 January 2021
8279:Titus Burckhardt,
7350:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj
7226:
7125:Abraham Maimonides
6995:possibly contains
6834:
6798:
6761:("polytheistic").
6745:("remembrance" of
6685:Republic of Turkey
6665:
6564:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari
6556:(d. ca. 728/1328).
6480:Lata'if al-Isharat
6436:day-to-day conduct
6373:'Awarif al-Ma'arif
6334:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din
6299:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din
6291:Abu Talib al-Makki
6240:Notable Sufi works
6040:Tarjumān al-Ashwāq
5903:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari
5153:(the Seven Grades)
5031:, and was born in
4970:
4914:along with Sultan
4889:
4844:order, introduced
4781:
4709:Junayd al-Baghdadi
4683:Rabi'a al-Adawiyya
4659:
4339:
4257:karāmāt al-awliyāʾ
4154:Bahauddin Zakariya
4114:
4014:
3899:
3829:orbiting the Sun.
3770:
3766:Whirling Dervishes
3727:
3652:instrumental music
3574:
3519:
3489:
3458:The Divān of Hafez
3376:
3364:
3232:Sufis believe the
3230:
3129:
3029:
2988:
2984:The City of Saints
2873:
2723:
2678:Süleymaniye Mosque
2657:
2567:
2505:Abdul-Qadir Gilani
2481:Abdul-Qadir Gilani
2433:Abdul-Qadir Gilani
2413:
2369:Abdul-Qadir Gilani
2322:Abdul-Qadir Gilani
2278:
2267:
1950:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj
1946:Harith al-Muhasibi
1921:. Others, such as
1411:
1403:Six Sufi masters,
81:Abdul Qadir Gilani
77:
26695:
26694:
26663:
26662:
26659:
26658:
25647:Equatorial Guinea
25543:
25542:
25539:
25538:
25077:Cognitive science
24696:
24695:
24629:Mysteries of Isis
24241:
24240:
24237:
24236:
24233:
24232:
23985:White Brotherhood
23851:
23850:
23816:
23815:
23259:Keetoowah Society
23116:Sundanese Wiwitan
22933:
22932:
22929:
22928:
22658:Brahma Sampradaya
22620:
22619:
22423:
22422:
22419:
22418:
22401:Assianism/Uatsdin
22319:
22318:
22088:British Israelism
22074:Nontrinitarianism
22037:Plymouth Brethren
22032:Nondenominational
21966:Congregationalism
21854:Eastern Orthodoxy
21802:Reconstructionist
21666:
21665:
21632:
21631:
21628:
21627:
21600:Domestic violence
21590:Islamic terrorism
21585:Islamic extremism
21406:
21405:
21402:
21401:
21174:
21173:
21170:
21169:
20960:Marriage contract
20790:
20789:
20750:Political aspects
20479:Story of Prophets
20248:Prophets of Islam
20151:
20150:
20147:
20146:
20143:
20142:
20099:
20098:
19908:Muhammad Jaunpuri
19835:
19834:
19761:Sumāma ibn Ashras
19597:
19596:
19448:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
19423:
19422:
19293:Gaylān ibn Marwān
19190:
19189:
19042:
19041:
18705:Abdallah al-Aftah
18521:
18520:
18434:
18433:
18418:Necmettin Erbakan
18260:Siddiq Hasan Khan
18224:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
18158:
18157:
18154:
18153:
18132:
18131:
18072:Tajrid al-I'tiqad
18066:Tashih al-I'tiqad
17977:Al-Sawad al-A'zam
17913:
17912:
17895:Al-Qasim al-Rassi
17862:Idris Imad al-Din
17815:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
17790:Ruhollah Khomeini
17770:Zurarah ibn A'yan
17745:Sharif al-Murtaza
17733:Muhammad al-Mahdi
17718:Muhammad al-Jawad
17698:Muhammad al-Baqir
17599:Siddiq Hasan Khan
17575:Rabee al-Madkhali
17224:Murtada al-Zabidi
16999:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
16765:
16764:
16572:
16571:
16459:
16458:
16194:Sufis persecution
15236:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
15177:
15176:
15159:
15158:
15102:Muhammad al-Fateh
14996:Dhul-Nun al-Misri
14913:Ibrahim ibn Adham
14901:Al-Hasan al-Basri
14876:Fadha'il al-'Amal
14846:Hilyat al-Awliya'
14678:
14664:
14650:
14636:
14622:
14608:
14598:
14584:
14570:
14567:Ibrahim al-Desuqi
14556:
14542:
14528:
14514:
14500:
14486:
14415:978-1-13-810012-1
14359:978-0-8091-3619-3
14352:. Paulist Press.
14316:978-979-433-797-4
14255:978-1-55876-342-5
14234:978-0-900588-43-3
14210:978-0-7425-6296-7
14189:978-1-59473-002-3
14168:978-1-61069-177-2
14128:978-93-85083-52-5
14109:978-0-7914-2446-9
14085:978-1-78074-052-2
14070:Chittick, William
13710:978-1-5275-5748-2
13676:978-0-304-70401-9
13649:978-0-304-70401-9
13615:978-969-9795-28-2
13581:978-969-9795-18-3
13547:978-3-030-22692-3
13513:978-81-7625-476-2
13454:978-81-89833-18-3
13417:978-8-189-83318-3
13411:Aakar Books 2007
13407:Malika Mohammada
13141:978-0-595-23199-7
13036:978-1-107-01830-3
12443:"What Is Sufism?"
12133:. New York, USA:
11766:978-1-351-99740-9
11673:978-0-19-538207-5
11648:978-90-5356-015-0
11459:cite encyclopedia
11348:Rabi'a The Mystic
11346:Smith, Margaret.
11275:978-0-8356-0778-0
11232:, unpublished MS.
11192:978-1-929694-15-0
11172:978-0-9815196-1-6
10965:978-0-8108-6180-0
10786:My Religion Islam
10596:978-0-9815196-1-6
10505:978-0-89281-043-7
10459:978-0-946621-43-9
10438:978-0-9815196-0-9
10413:978-1-933764-03-0
10401:978-0-9702843-9-6
10272:Nuh Ha Mim Keller
10235:Nuh Ha Mim Keller
10206:978-0-9815196-0-9
10034:978-1-930409-23-1
9967:978-0-9815196-1-6
9944:978-969-9795-18-3
9917:978-0-300-03531-5
9876:978-1-930409-23-1
9852:978-0-9815196-1-6
9829:978-1-291-21521-2
9610:978-1-57003-783-2
9589:978-0-7914-6245-4
9542:978-0-8101-1226-1
9530:978-0-292-71209-6
9336:978-1-887752-27-5
9312:978-1-441-13113-3
9236:978-0-19-512058-5
9155:978-1-930409-23-1
9065:978-9960-897-12-7
8988:. Vol. 3, p. 209.
8955:978-1-136-97058-0
8828:978-0-7914-1515-3
8722:on July 24, 2009.
8437:on April 17, 2012
8431:"Sufism in Islam"
8266:978-1-4614-6087-9
8237:Leeming, David A.
8197:978-90-04-22187-1
7872:978-1-78738-134-6
7830:. Leiden: Brill.
7772:978-0-946621-57-6
7693:978-0-06-162599-2
7639:978-90-04-11211-7
7604:van Donzel, E. J.
7522:978-1-62055-001-4
7356:Junayd of Baghdad
7313:Battle of Karbala
7108:Chovot ha-Lebabot
7091:Journal Asiatique
7044:Jewish philosophy
7040:
7039:
7032:
6997:original research
6969:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
6899:Eastern religions
6847:Baylor University
6845:, a professor at
6749:) ceremonies are
6713:Islamic movements
6530:Najm al-Din Kubra
6511:Ruzbihan al-Baqli
6234:Abu Haggag Mosque
6157:
6156:
6121:Saints portal
6004:
5989:
5981:
5960:
5952:
5944:
5936:
5915:
5907:
5899:
5891:
5883:
5868:
5853:
5845:
5837:
5829:
5814:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5763:Nuh Ha Mim Keller
5752:
5744:
5736:
5728:
5713:
5705:
5697:
5693:Murtada al-Zabidi
5689:
5681:
5666:
5658:
5650:
5642:
5634:
5626:
5618:
5610:
5602:
5594:
5586:
5578:
5570:
5562:
5554:
5546:
5538:
5523:
5515:
5507:
5499:
5484:
5476:
5468:
5453:
5445:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5376:
5361:
5346:
5338:
5316:
5308:
5293:
5278:
5263:
5255:
5247:
5239:
5231:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5125:Al-Insan al-Kamil
5114:Mystical theories
5094:Ibn 'Arabi Mosque
5043:. After making a
4977:Sidi Ahmed Tijani
4908:Nizamuddin Auliya
4892:Moinuddin Chishti
4876:Moinuddin Chishti
4739:Ibrahim al-Desuqi
4734:Ibrahim al-Desuqi
4704:Junayd of Baghdad
4170:Nizamuddin Auliya
4162:Moinuddin Chishti
3991:Persian miniature
3880:
3407:Junayd of Baghdad
3301:Iberian Peninsula
3146:Attar of Nishapur
3045:al-Insan al-Kamil
2924:El Hadj Umar Tall
2836:Sarwari Qadiriyya
2781:Junayd of Baghdad
2607:Attar of Nishapur
2449:Moinuddin Chishti
2357:Ibrahim ibn Adham
2154:throughout Iran.
2096:Ali ibn Abi Talib
2079:al-Insān al-Kāmil
1876:Umayyad Caliphate
1837:Junayd of Baghdad
1792:
1754:History of Sufism
1552:Islamic movements
1547:and attacks from
1494:Umayyad Caliphate
1467:spiritual station
1366:
1346:
1327:
1326:
1257:Deobandi jihadism
662:
661:
104:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
18:Islamic mysticism
16:(Redirected from
26764:
26724:
26723:
26722:
26712:
26711:
26703:
26685:
26675:
26674:
26553:Papua New Guinea
26528:Marshall Islands
26355:Northern Ireland
25560:
25559:
25549:
25548:
25433:Secular theology
25428:Secular humanism
24713:
24712:
24702:
24701:
24577:Ancestral Pueblo
24247:
24246:
23866:
23865:
23543:
23542:
22944:
22943:
22700:Shaiva Siddhanta
22631:
22630:
22564:Korean shamanism
22443:
22442:
22434:
22433:
22330:
22329:
22243:Mahdawi movement
22113:Swedenborgianism
22093:Christadelphians
21739:
21738:
21730:
21729:
21721:
21720:
21708:
21707:
21693:
21686:
21679:
21670:
21669:
21656:
21655:
21648:Islam portal
21646:
21645:
21644:
21426:
21425:
21418:
21412:
21411:
21253:Medieval science
21196:
21195:
21186:
21180:
21179:
20837:Economic history
20820:
20819:
20796:
20795:
20782:Islam by country
20567:Bektashi Alevism
20205:
20204:
20196:Outline of Islam
20178:
20171:
20164:
20155:
20154:
19850:
19849:
19616:
19615:
19434:
19433:
19410:Nusayr ibn Yahyā
19392:Awn ibn Abdullāh
19379:Sa'id ibn Jubayr
19349:Ubayd al-Mūktaib
19215:
19214:
19059:
19058:
19028:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus
18997:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī
18966:Khashabiyya Shia
18902:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān
18860:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān
18643:Imadaddin Nasimi
18548:
18547:
18445:
18444:
18316:Salafi Modernism
18219:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
18186:
18185:
18177:
18176:
18164:
18163:
18060:Awail Al Maqalat
17942:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
17922:
17921:
17852:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
17807:Isma'ili Shi'ism
17795:Wilayat al-faqih
17775:Hisham ibn Hakam
17760:Allamah Al-Hilli
16984:Muhammad Mayyara
16776:
16775:
16646:
16645:
16639:
16638:
16614:
16613:
16606:Islamic theology
16599:
16592:
16585:
16576:
16575:
16529:Hikam al-Ataiyya
16486:
16479:
16472:
16463:
16462:
16184:Sufi metaphysics
16140:
16082:
15973:
15941:
15929:
15867:
15855:
15843:
15781:
15754:
15742:
15730:
15718:
15691:
15679:
15657:
15615:
15603:
15586:
15574:
15449:
15437:
15393:
15330:Nass al-Houdhour
15321:
15294:
15204:
15197:
15190:
15181:
15180:
15169:
15132:Emir Abdel-Kader
14961:Ma'ruf al-Karkhi
14955:Shaqiq al-Balkhi
14919:Sufyan al-Thawri
14891:
14890:
14689:
14672:
14658:
14644:
14630:
14616:
14606:
14592:
14578:
14564:
14550:
14536:
14522:
14508:
14494:
14480:
14453:
14446:
14439:
14430:
14429:
14419:
14398:
14389:
14363:
14339:
14334:. Archived from
14320:
14296:
14259:
14238:
14214:
14193:
14172:
14151:
14132:
14113:
14089:
14065:
14042:
14041:
14039:
14038:
14023:
14017:
14016:
14014:
14013:
13988:
13982:
13981:
13979:
13977:
13958:
13952:
13945:
13939:
13938:
13936:
13934:
13917:
13911:
13910:
13884:
13878:
13877:
13875:
13874:
13852:
13846:
13845:
13837:
13831:
13830:, p. 14-15.
13825:
13819:
13818:
13809:
13803:
13802:
13800:
13798:
13782:
13776:
13775:
13773:
13772:
13758:
13752:
13740:
13734:
13728:
13722:
13721:
13719:
13717:
13694:
13688:
13687:
13685:
13683:
13660:
13654:
13653:
13633:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13622:
13599:
13593:
13592:
13590:
13588:
13565:
13559:
13558:
13556:
13554:
13531:
13525:
13524:
13522:
13520:
13497:
13491:
13490:
13488:
13486:
13472:
13466:
13465:
13463:
13461:
13438:
13432:
13426:
13420:
13405:
13399:
13393:
13387:
13386:, p. 28-29.
13381:
13375:
13374:
13346:
13340:
13339:
13337:
13335:
13319:
13313:
13312:
13310:
13308:
13302:
13294:RAND Corporation
13291:
13282:
13276:
13275:
13273:
13271:
13252:
13246:
13245:
13243:
13241:
13232:. Dec 18, 2008.
13222:
13216:
13215:
13213:
13211:
13195:
13189:
13188:
13186:
13184:
13173:"Mystical power"
13165:
13159:
13152:
13146:
13145:
13125:
13119:
13118:
13116:
13114:
13091:
13085:
13084:
13082:
13081:
13053:
13047:
13045:
13044:
13043:
13018:
13012:
13011:
13009:
13008:
12994:
12988:
12987:
12979:
12970:
12969:
12967:
12965:
12943:
12934:
12933:
12931:
12929:
12920:. Archived from
12910:
12904:
12903:
12901:
12899:
12892:November 5, 2012
12883:
12877:
12876:
12864:
12858:
12857:
12855:
12853:
12831:
12820:
12819:
12817:
12815:
12798:
12792:
12791:
12789:
12787:
12770:
12764:
12763:
12761:
12759:
12738:
12732:
12731:
12704:
12698:
12697:
12670:
12664:
12663:
12658:. Archived from
12644:
12638:
12637:
12605:
12599:
12598:
12571:
12565:
12564:
12537:
12531:
12530:
12519:. pp. 3–4.
12495:
12489:
12488:
12465:
12459:
12458:
12453:. Archived from
12447:institute.global
12439:
12433:
12432:
12401:
12395:
12394:
12372:
12366:
12365:
12333:
12327:
12326:
12302:
12296:
12295:
12265:
12259:
12258:
12231:
12225:
12224:
12193:
12187:
12186:
12155:
12149:
12148:
12121:
12115:
12114:
12099:, an imprint of
12086:
12080:
12079:
12066:Brill Publishers
12055:
12049:
12048:
12021:Leonard Lewisohn
12017:
12011:
12010:
11982:
11976:
11975:
11949:
11943:
11942:
11941:. 11 March 2023.
11931:
11925:
11924:
11913:
11907:
11904:
11898:
11891:
11885:
11882:Zinda Shah Madar
11879:
11873:
11872:
11858:
11852:
11851:
11823:
11817:
11816:
11796:
11787:
11786:
11777:
11771:
11770:
11750:
11741:
11738:
11732:
11729:
11723:
11720:
11714:
11711:
11705:
11702:
11696:
11693:
11687:
11684:
11678:
11677:
11659:
11653:
11652:
11634:
11628:
11627:
11607:
11601:
11600:
11580:
11574:
11573:
11553:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11543:
11528:
11522:
11521:
11519:
11517:
11503:
11497:
11496:
11494:
11492:
11481:
11475:
11474:
11468:
11464:
11462:
11454:
11452:
11451:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11416:
11410:
11395:
11389:
11388:
11386:
11384:
11370:
11364:
11357:
11351:
11344:
11338:
11331:
11325:
11324:
11318:
11314:
11312:
11304:
11284:
11278:
11263:
11257:
11251:
11245:
11239:
11233:
11226:
11220:
11201:
11195:
11180:
11174:
11160:
11151:
11150:1 (2012), p. 123
11144:
11138:
11137:
11121:
11112:
11111:
11101:
11095:
11094:
11092:
11091:
11079:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11069:
11058:
11052:
11045:
11036:
11029:
11023:
11016:
11010:
11003:
10997:
10990:
10984:
10983:
10974:
10972:
10949:
10943:
10942:
10925:
10919:
10908:
10902:
10901:
10890:
10884:
10883:
10881:
10880:
10865:
10859:
10858:
10840:
10834:
10833:
10825:
10816:
10815:
10803:
10797:
10796:
10794:
10792:
10778:
10772:
10771:
10769:
10767:
10761:Seekers Guidance
10752:
10746:
10739:
10733:
10732:
10725:
10719:
10718:
10710:
10704:
10703:
10698:
10696:
10681:
10675:
10674:
10668:
10666:
10651:
10638:
10637:
10630:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10620:
10605:
10599:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10572:. Archived from
10566:
10560:
10559:
10554:. Archived from
10548:
10542:
10539:
10533:
10532:
10530:
10528:
10519:. Archived from
10513:
10507:
10493:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10483:
10477:
10468:
10462:
10447:
10441:
10422:
10416:
10389:
10383:
10382:
10371:
10365:
10364:
10362:
10361:
10346:
10340:
10330:
10324:
10318:
10312:
10303:
10294:
10293:
10291:
10289:
10280:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10253:
10243:
10227:
10221:
10215:
10209:
10194:
10188:
10187:
10168:
10159:
10158:
10156:
10146:
10140:
10139:
10131:
10125:
10124:
10113:
10107:
10106:
10096:
10090:
10084:
10078:
10077:
10069:
10063:
10057:
10048:
10042:
10036:
10022:
10016:
10015:
9989:
9983:
9976:
9970:
9955:
9949:
9948:
9928:
9922:
9921:
9905:
9892:
9883:
9860:
9854:
9840:
9834:
9833:
9813:
9807:
9806:
9804:
9802:
9793:. Archived from
9783:
9777:
9774:Chodkiewicz 1995
9771:
9765:
9759:
9753:
9752:, p. 184–6.
9747:
9741:
9727:
9721:
9720:
9712:
9706:
9705:
9700:. Archived from
9690:John L. Esposito
9681:
9670:
9663:
9657:
9656:
9654:
9652:
9641:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9630:
9619:
9613:
9598:
9592:
9577:
9571:
9564:
9558:
9551:
9545:
9514:
9508:
9507:
9500:
9494:
9493:
9482:
9476:
9469:
9463:
9456:
9450:
9443:
9434:
9429:
9412:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9402:
9393:. Archived from
9379:
9370:
9363:
9354:
9347:
9341:
9340:
9320:
9314:
9300:
9294:
9283:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9267:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9222:
9213:
9212:
9178:
9169:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9128:
9115:
9109:
9108:
9101:
9095:
9089:
9070:
9069:
9049:
9043:
9037:
9031:
9016:
9010:
8995:
8989:
8967:
8961:
8959:
8939:
8933:
8932:
8885:
8874:
8873:
8872:
8871:
8855:
8849:
8848:
8839:
8833:
8832:
8809:
8803:
8797:
8788:
8787:
8769:
8760:
8743:
8737:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8718:. Archived from
8707:
8701:
8700:
8698:
8696:
8662:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8637:
8631:
8630:
8610:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8586:
8580:
8579:
8571:
8565:
8564:
8544:
8538:
8537:
8528:
8522:
8521:
8503:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8489:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8459:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8444:
8442:
8427:
8421:
8415:
8409:
8391:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8361:
8355:
8354:
8348:
8347:
8316:
8310:
8303:
8297:
8290:
8284:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8243:(2nd ed.).
8232:
8226:
8219:
8210:
8209:
8180:Brill Publishers
8167:
8161:
8160:
8139:Brill Publishers
8120:
8114:
8107:
8101:
8098:
8092:
8091:
8072:
8066:
8065:
8057:
8044:
8043:
8042:on June 3, 2010.
8027:
8012:
8011:
7995:
7986:
7985:
7977:
7968:
7967:
7962:. Archived from
7951:
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7898:
7892:
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7713:
7705:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7653:
7644:
7643:
7622:Brill Publishers
7616:. Vol. 10.
7608:Heinrichs, W. P.
7595:
7574:
7573:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7506:
7500:
7499:
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7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7407:
7396:
7395:
7388:
7371:
7362:Ruwaym ibn Ahmad
7346:
7119:Chovot HaLevavot
7094:
7073:Chovot HaLevavot
7070:under the title
7064:Judah ibn Tibbon
7060:Bahya ibn Paquda
7035:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7015:
7012:inline citations
6988:
6987:
6980:
6964:Mansur al-Hallaj
6863:RAND Corporation
6859:Muslim extremist
6826:satirical figure
6595:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
6579:
6538:Najm al-Din Razi
6534:jointly-authored
6526:
6507:
6488:
6469:
6404:
6381:
6362:
6343:history of Islam
6287:
6264:
6195:Mansur Al-Hallaj
6190:Mansur Al-Hallaj
6149:
6142:
6135:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6107:Islam portal
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5670:Mustafa al-Bakri
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5614:Ahmad al-Maqqari
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5457:Ibn al-Zamalkani
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5214:
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5198:
5179:
5171:Wahdat al-Shuhud
5158:Related articles
5152:
5139:
5099:Konya Manuscript
5063:
5062:
5014:Sayyid Badiuddin
5009:Sayyed Badiuddin
4957:Shams al-Ma'arif
4952:Islamic theology
4774:Geometric tiling
4684:
4468:Sufi metaphysics
4406:Muhammad Emin Er
4237:
4236:
4228:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4032:
3954:, among others.
3932:Indian classical
3881:
3806:
3805:
3729:The practice of
3389:William Chittick
3290:jurist and judge
3176:Qaṣīdat al-Burda
3114:Mansur Al-Hallaj
2960:George Gurdjieff
2713:photographed by
2700:Wahhabi movement
2537:Mughal miniature
2407:(c. 1650–1660),
2361:Ma`ruf al-Karkhi
2347:like his fellow
2089:Absolute Reality
2082:
2070:
2062:
2055:They strive for
2051:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1933:(purification).
1915:Jabir ibn Hayyan
1839:regarded Ali as
1787:
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1700:
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1574:The Arabic word
1539:
1484:
1476:
1464:
1453:linking back to
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1409:
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1291:Islam portal
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687:
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628:Islam portal
626:
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559:Topics in Sufism
231:Sufi metaphysics
107:
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21:
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26275:North Macedonia
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25554:
25535:
25496:Mass gatherings
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25452:
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25386:
25377:
25311:Religiocentrism
25291:National church
25159:
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24477:Jamaican Maroon
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23457:
23420:
23411:Washat Dreamers
23127:
23120:
23016:
22998:
22925:
22899:Srilankan Vedda
22850:
22778:
22653:Sri Vaishnavism
22616:
22578:
22550:
22508:
22415:
22389:
22356:
22315:
22269:
22194:Twelver Shi'ism
22136:
21998:Neo-charismatic
21971:Presbyterianism
21823:
21715:
21702:
21697:
21667:
21662:
21642:
21640:
21624:
21546:Cultural Muslim
21517:
21484:
21430:Other religions
21420:
21416:
21398:
21333:
21300:
21247:
21190:
21188:Islamic studies
21184:
21166:
21000:
20945:
20922:
20869:
20814:
20813:
20786:
20735:Moral teachings
20678:
20660:
20634:Nation of Islam
20547:Twelver Shi'ism
20484:
20450:Religious texts
20444:
20362:Early conquests
20345:
20327:
20279:
20199:
20188:
20182:
20152:
20139:
20095:
20052:
20023:Ahmed Raza Khan
20004:
19958:
19948:Fethullah Gülen
19923:Nation of Islam
19844:
19841:
19831:
19774:
19751:Ahmad ibn Hābīt
19679:
19671:
19609:
19605:
19593:
19514:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
19484:
19419:
19404:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb
19362:
19279:
19208:
19205:
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18807:Hassan-i Sabbah
18690:
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18541:
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18533:
18529:
18517:
18482:Hasan al-Utrush
18430:
18396:Ahmed Raza Khan
18342:
18334:
18241:Dawud al-Zahiri
18192:
18171:
18150:
18128:
18077:
18024:
17984:Kitab al-Tawhid
17909:
17871:
17801:
17728:Hasan al-Askari
17703:Ja'far al-Sadiq
17665:Twelver Shi'ism
17659:
17631:Salafi Jihadism
17626:Osama bin Laden
17609:Safar Al-Hawali
17570:Saleh Al-Fawzan
17504:
17474:
17467:Sahib ibn Abbad
17462:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
17427:Ja'far ibn Harb
17392:Wasil ibn 'Ata'
17389:
17381:
17349:
17310:ī (Muqātilīyya)
17290:
17248:
17204:Shah Abdul Aziz
17077:
17069:
17023:
17009:Ahmad al-Dardir
16894:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
16782:
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16209:Sufi psychology
16199:Sufi philosophy
16179:Sufi literature
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15406:
15387:
15385:The Seven ranks
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15144:Omar al-Mukhtar
15072:
15037:
15020:Sahl al-Tustari
14966:
14907:Malik ibn Dinar
14880:
14851:Kashf al-Mahjub
14833:Sufi literature
14827:
14823:Sufi philosophy
14756:
14690:
14681:
14661:Ahmad al-Tijani
14553:Ahmad al-Badawi
14539:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
14462:
14457:
14427:
14422:
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14386:
14360:
14317:
14309:. Noura Books.
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13182:
13180:
13169:Jenkins, Philip
13166:
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12728:
12705:
12701:
12694:
12686:. p. 358.
12671:
12667:
12646:
12645:
12641:
12634:
12624:Springer Nature
12606:
12602:
12595:
12572:
12568:
12561:
12538:
12534:
12527:
12496:
12492:
12482:
12466:
12462:
12457:on 15 May 2021.
12441:
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12402:
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12374:
12373:
12369:
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12334:
12330:
12323:
12315:. p. 129.
12303:
12299:
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12266:
12262:
12255:
12247:. p. 276.
12232:
12228:
12221:
12213:. p. 170.
12197:Aaron W. Hughes
12194:
12190:
12183:
12175:. p. 401.
12167:. New York and
12156:
12152:
12145:
12137:. p. 424.
12125:Jay L. Garfield
12122:
12118:
12111:
12103:. p. 122.
12087:
12083:
12076:
12056:
12052:
12041:
12029:. Vol. 1.
12018:
12014:
12007:
11985:Lloyd Ridgeon,
11983:
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11511:Deenislam.co.uk
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10894:"Mawrid Reader"
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10424:The meaning of
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9785:
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9776:, Introduction.
9772:
9768:
9760:
9756:
9748:
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9724:
9713:
9709:
9682:
9673:
9665:Victor Danner,
9664:
9660:
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9548:
9515:
9511:
9502:
9501:
9497:
9484:
9483:
9479:
9470:
9466:
9460:What is Sufism?
9457:
9453:
9444:
9437:
9413:
9409:
9400:
9398:
9381:
9380:
9373:
9367:What is Sufism?
9364:
9357:
9348:
9344:
9337:
9321:
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9297:
9284:
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9073:
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9046:
9038:
9034:
9030:, 9781403960276
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8829:
8810:
8806:
8798:
8791:
8784:
8770:
8763:
8752:, WorldWisdom,
8744:
8740:
8731:
8727:
8716:IslamOnline.net
8708:
8704:
8694:
8692:
8690:
8663:
8659:
8649:
8647:
8639:
8638:
8634:
8627:
8619:. Tauba Press.
8611:
8607:
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8588:
8587:
8583:
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8412:
8399:New Westminster
8392:
8385:
8377:
8373:
8362:
8358:
8345:
8343:
8341:
8317:
8313:
8307:What is Sufism?
8304:
8300:
8291:
8287:
8278:
8274:
8267:
8249:Springer Verlag
8233:
8229:
8223:What is Sufism?
8220:
8213:
8198:
8168:
8164:
8157:
8133:. Vol. V.
8121:
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8099:
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7978:
7971:
7954:Howell, Julia.
7952:
7943:
7906:
7902:
7886:
7885:
7873:
7857:
7853:
7838:
7821:
7814:
7801:
7799:
7789:
7780:
7773:
7754:
7747:
7738:
7736:
7728:
7727:
7723:
7707:
7706:
7694:
7678:
7674:
7664:
7662:
7655:
7654:
7647:
7640:
7600:Bosworth, C. E.
7596:
7577:
7542:Studia Islamica
7534:
7530:
7523:
7507:
7503:
7476:Islamic Studies
7468:
7464:
7454:
7452:
7445:
7408:
7399:
7390:
7389:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7359:
7353:
7347:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7305:
7299:
7271:
7211:
7206:
7095:
7088:
7046:
7036:
7025:
7019:
7016:
7001:
6989:
6985:
6978:
6952:Bayazid Bostami
6921:Advaita Vedanta
6917:Waḥdat al-Wujūd
6895:
6889:
6877:Hermes of Egypt
6790:
6625:
6615:
6609:
6604:
6597:(d. 1224/1809).
6573:
6566:(d. 1014/1606).
6520:
6501:
6482:
6473:Sahl al-Tustari
6463:
6445:
6398:
6375:
6356:
6281:
6258:
6248:
6246:Sufi literature
6242:
6211:
6192:
6179:wahdat al-wujud
6153:
6115:
6113:
6101:
6099:
6069:
6068:
6030:
6016:
6008:
6007:
5995:
5972:
5964:
5963:
5927:
5919:
5918:
5874:
5859:
5820:
5781:
5773:
5772:
5719:
5685:Hamid al-'Imadi
5672:
5590:Ebussuud Efendi
5574:Ibn Kamal Pasha
5529:
5490:
5459:
5436:
5428:
5427:
5380:Ibn al-Dubaythi
5367:
5352:
5328:
5320:
5319:
5299:
5284:
5269:
5222:
5191:
5183:
5182:
5173:
5164:Wahdat-al-Wujud
5146:
5133:
5115:
5061:
5011:
5000:
4944:
4942:Ahmad Al-Tijani
4928:
4878:
4835:
4767:
4751:Ahmed al-Badawi
4747:Ahmed al-Rifa’i
4736:
4720:Bayazid Bastami
4717:
4715:Bayazid Bastami
4706:
4685:
4682:
4643:
4638:
4628:
4626:Prominent Sufis
4583:Sufi psychology
4476:
4416:Ja'far al-Sadiq
4412:Sufi psychology
4390:
4331:
4265:
4215:
4209:
4106:
4100:
4020:
3983:
3895:Iraqi Kurdistan
3872:
3870:
3864:is prohibited.
3759:
3753:
3723:Eugène Girardet
3721:. La prière by
3711:
3705:
3628:ceremonies, or
3566:
3560:
3506:
3473:The mausoleum (
3467:
3403:
3345:
3299:throughout the
3206:
3185:
3108:
3021:
3000:divine presence
2968:
2788:Madariyya Order
2754:Zaytuna College
2695:
2556:King of England
2529:
2441:Ahmed al-Rifa'i
2390:
2255:
2073:regard Muhammad
2008:Islamic prophet
1976:
1968:Main articles:
1966:
1938:Uwais al-Qarani
1895:Bayazid Bastami
1872:Islamic history
1835:. Furthermore,
1761:
1756:
1750:
1646:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1572:
1490:Islamic history
1407:
1323:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1252:Salafi jihadism
1210:Other religions
1205:Arabic language
1167:
1157:
1156:
1085:Moral teachings
976:
962:
961:
952:Spread of Islam
897:
887:
886:
874:(jurisprudence)
856:Qisas al-Anbiya
805:
804:
784:
783:
752:
742:
741:
697:
658:
622:
620:
615:
614:
560:
552:
551:
532:
524:
523:
494:Haqqani Anjuman
334:
324:
323:
279:
271:
270:
246:Sufi psychology
236:Sufi philosophy
92:
84:
83:, Baghdad, Iraq
62:
61:
50:
49:
44:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
26770:
26760:
26759:
26754:
26749:
26744:
26729:
26728:
26716:
26693:
26692:
26690:
26689:
26679:
26668:
26665:
26664:
26661:
26660:
26657:
26656:
26654:
26653:
26648:
26643:
26638:
26633:
26628:
26623:
26618:
26613:
26608:
26603:
26598:
26592:
26590:
26584:
26583:
26581:
26580:
26575:
26570:
26565:
26560:
26555:
26550:
26545:
26540:
26535:
26530:
26525:
26520:
26515:
26509:
26507:
26501:
26500:
26498:
26497:
26492:
26487:
26482:
26477:
26472:
26467:
26462:
26457:
26452:
26447:
26442:
26437:
26432:
26427:
26422:
26417:
26412:
26407:
26402:
26397:
26392:
26387:
26381:
26379:
26373:
26372:
26370:
26369:
26368:
26367:
26362:
26357:
26352:
26345:United Kingdom
26342:
26337:
26332:
26327:
26322:
26317:
26312:
26307:
26302:
26297:
26292:
26287:
26282:
26277:
26272:
26267:
26262:
26257:
26252:
26247:
26242:
26237:
26232:
26227:
26222:
26217:
26212:
26207:
26202:
26197:
26192:
26187:
26182:
26177:
26172:
26167:
26162:
26157:
26152:
26147:
26142:
26137:
26132:
26126:
26124:
26118:
26117:
26115:
26114:
26109:
26104:
26099:
26094:
26089:
26084:
26079:
26074:
26069:
26064:
26059:
26054:
26049:
26044:
26039:
26034:
26029:
26024:
26019:
26014:
26009:
26004:
25999:
25994:
25989:
25984:
25979:
25974:
25973:
25972:
25967:
25957:
25952:
25947:
25942:
25937:
25932:
25927:
25922:
25917:
25912:
25907:
25902:
25897:
25892:
25887:
25882:
25877:
25872:
25867:
25862:
25857:
25851:
25849:
25843:
25842:
25840:
25839:
25834:
25829:
25824:
25819:
25814:
25809:
25804:
25799:
25794:
25789:
25784:
25779:
25774:
25769:
25764:
25759:
25754:
25749:
25744:
25739:
25734:
25729:
25724:
25719:
25714:
25709:
25704:
25699:
25694:
25689:
25684:
25679:
25674:
25669:
25664:
25659:
25654:
25649:
25644:
25639:
25634:
25629:
25624:
25619:
25614:
25609:
25604:
25599:
25594:
25589:
25584:
25579:
25574:
25568:
25566:
25556:
25555:
25545:
25544:
25541:
25540:
25537:
25536:
25534:
25533:
25528:
25523:
25518:
25513:
25508:
25503:
25498:
25493:
25488:
25483:
25478:
25473:
25467:
25465:
25457:
25454:
25453:
25451:
25450:
25445:
25440:
25438:Secularization
25435:
25430:
25425:
25420:
25418:Deconstruction
25415:
25410:
25405:
25400:
25394:
25392:
25382:
25379:
25378:
25376:
25375:
25370:
25369:
25368:
25363:
25358:
25353:
25343:
25338:
25333:
25328:
25323:
25318:
25313:
25308:
25303:
25298:
25293:
25288:
25283:
25278:
25273:
25268:
25266:Fundamentalism
25263:
25262:
25261:
25256:
25251:
25246:
25236:
25231:
25226:
25221:
25220:
25219:
25214:
25209:
25199:
25198:
25197:
25192:
25187:
25173:
25168:
25162:
25160:
25153:
25150:
25149:
25147:
25146:
25141:
25136:
25131:
25130:
25129:
25119:
25114:
25109:
25104:
25099:
25094:
25089:
25084:
25079:
25074:
25068:
25066:
25058:
25057:
25055:
25054:
25049:
25044:
25039:
25034:
25029:
25024:
25019:
25014:
25009:
25003:
25001:
24995:
24994:
24992:
24991:
24990:
24989:
24984:
24979:
24969:
24964:
24959:
24954:
24949:
24944:
24939:
24934:
24933:
24932:
24927:
24922:
24917:
24907:
24906:
24905:
24900:
24895:
24885:
24880:
24875:
24870:
24865:
24860:
24855:
24850:
24845:
24840:
24839:
24838:
24833:
24828:
24818:
24813:
24808:
24803:
24798:
24793:
24788:
24783:
24778:
24773:
24768:
24763:
24758:
24753:
24744:
24742:Call to prayer
24739:
24734:
24729:
24727:Disaffiliation
24719:
24717:
24709:
24708:
24698:
24697:
24694:
24693:
24691:
24690:
24685:
24680:
24675:
24670:
24665:
24660:
24655:
24654:
24653:
24648:
24643:
24633:
24632:
24631:
24626:
24621:
24616:
24611:
24601:
24596:
24595:
24594:
24589:
24584:
24574:
24573:
24572:
24567:
24557:
24556:
24555:
24550:
24545:
24540:
24530:
24525:
24524:
24523:
24513:
24512:
24511:
24506:
24496:
24491:
24490:
24489:
24479:
24474:
24469:
24464:
24459:
24454:
24449:
24444:
24439:
24438:
24437:
24432:
24427:
24422:
24420:Greco-Buddhism
24417:
24407:
24406:
24405:
24400:
24395:
24390:
24380:
24375:
24374:
24373:
24363:
24358:
24353:
24352:
24351:
24341:
24336:
24331:
24330:
24329:
24324:
24314:
24309:
24308:
24307:
24302:
24297:
24287:
24282:
24277:
24272:
24271:
24270:
24259:
24256:
24255:
24243:
24242:
24239:
24238:
24235:
24234:
24231:
24230:
24228:
24227:
24226:
24225:
24215:
24210:
24205:
24200:
24195:
24190:
24185:
24180:
24174:
24172:
24168:
24167:
24165:
24164:
24163:
24162:
24150:
24145:
24144:
24143:
24138:
24133:
24128:
24123:
24118:
24113:
24103:
24098:
24093:
24088:
24083:
24078:
24073:
24068:
24063:
24062:
24061:
24051:
24050:
24049:
24044:
24034:
24033:
24032:
24027:
24017:
24012:
24011:
24010:
24001:
23999:
23991:
23990:
23988:
23987:
23982:
23977:
23972:
23971:
23970:
23965:
23955:
23950:
23945:
23940:
23935:
23934:
23933:
23923:
23918:
23913:
23908:
23903:
23898:
23893:
23888:
23883:
23878:
23872:
23870:
23863:
23853:
23852:
23849:
23848:
23846:
23845:
23840:
23835:
23830:
23824:
23822:
23818:
23817:
23814:
23813:
23811:
23810:
23809:
23808:
23803:
23798:
23793:
23788:
23783:
23781:Tambor de Mina
23778:
23773:
23768:
23763:
23758:
23753:
23748:
23743:
23738:
23737:
23736:
23731:
23726:
23707:
23706:
23705:
23704:
23694:
23689:
23684:
23679:
23674:
23669:
23664:
23659:
23654:
23649:
23644:
23639:
23634:
23629:
23624:
23619:
23614:
23609:
23608:
23607:
23602:
23592:
23587:
23582:
23576:
23574:
23566:
23565:
23563:
23562:
23561:
23560:
23558:Guanche church
23549:
23547:
23540:
23532:
23531:
23529:
23528:
23523:
23518:
23513:
23508:
23503:
23498:
23493:
23488:
23483:
23478:
23473:
23467:
23465:
23463:Tibeto-Burmese
23459:
23458:
23456:
23455:
23450:
23445:
23440:
23434:
23432:
23422:
23421:
23419:
23418:
23413:
23408:
23403:
23398:
23397:
23396:
23395:
23394:
23379:
23378:
23377:
23372:
23367:
23357:
23352:
23350:Nuu-chah-nulth
23347:
23342:
23337:
23332:
23331:
23330:
23325:
23320:
23310:
23305:
23300:
23295:
23290:
23289:
23288:
23283:
23278:
23276:Muscogee Creek
23273:
23268:
23263:
23262:
23261:
23256:
23241:
23236:
23231:
23226:
23217:
23212:
23207:
23202:
23201:
23200:
23195:
23190:
23185:
23175:
23170:
23165:
23164:
23163:
23158:
23153:
23143:
23138:
23132:
23130:
23122:
23121:
23119:
23118:
23113:
23111:Sumbese Marapu
23108:
23107:
23106:
23101:
23091:
23090:
23089:
23079:
23074:
23069:
23064:
23063:
23062:
23057:
23049:
23048:
23047:
23042:
23032:
23030:Batak Parmalim
23026:
23024:
23018:
23017:
23015:
23014:
23008:
23006:
23000:
22999:
22997:
22996:
22995:
22994:
22989:
22979:
22978:
22977:
22972:
22967:
22952:
22950:
22941:
22935:
22934:
22931:
22930:
22927:
22926:
22924:
22923:
22922:
22921:
22916:
22906:
22901:
22896:
22891:
22886:
22885:
22884:
22879:
22869:
22864:
22858:
22856:
22852:
22851:
22849:
22848:
22841:
22836:
22835:
22834:
22824:
22823:
22822:
22817:
22812:
22794:
22788:
22786:
22780:
22779:
22777:
22776:
22769:
22764:
22759:
22754:
22749:
22744:
22739:
22738:
22737:
22732:
22727:
22722:
22717:
22712:
22707:
22702:
22692:
22691:
22690:
22685:
22680:
22675:
22670:
22665:
22660:
22655:
22650:
22639:
22637:
22628:
22622:
22621:
22618:
22617:
22615:
22614:
22609:
22604:
22599:
22594:
22588:
22586:
22580:
22579:
22577:
22576:
22571:
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22549:
22548:
22543:
22538:
22533:
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22516:
22510:
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22507:
22506:
22505:
22504:
22499:
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22457:
22451:
22449:
22440:
22431:
22425:
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22417:
22416:
22414:
22413:
22408:
22403:
22397:
22395:
22391:
22390:
22388:
22387:
22382:
22377:
22372:
22366:
22364:
22358:
22357:
22355:
22354:
22349:
22344:
22342:Ilm-e-Khshnoom
22338:
22336:
22327:
22321:
22320:
22317:
22316:
22314:
22313:
22308:
22303:
22298:
22293:
22288:
22283:
22277:
22275:
22271:
22270:
22268:
22267:
22260:
22255:
22250:
22245:
22240:
22235:
22230:
22229:
22228:
22218:
22213:
22212:
22211:
22206:
22201:
22196:
22186:
22185:
22184:
22183:
22182:
22177:
22167:
22162:
22157:
22146:
22144:
22138:
22137:
22135:
22134:
22127:
22126:
22125:
22120:
22115:
22110:
22105:
22100:
22095:
22090:
22085:
22079:Bible Students
22071:
22066:
22061:
22056:
22051:
22049:Restorationism
22046:
22045:
22044:
22039:
22034:
22029:
22028:
22027:
22017:
22012:
22007:
22005:Evangelicalism
22002:
22001:
22000:
21995:
21990:
21980:
21979:
21978:
21973:
21968:
21958:
21953:
21948:
21947:
21946:
21941:
21936:
21931:
21926:
21916:
21906:
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21904:
21899:
21885:
21884:
21883:
21878:
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21779:
21778:
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21775:
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21536:
21525:
21523:
21522:Related topics
21519:
21518:
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21378:
21377:
21367:
21362:
21357:
21352:
21347:
21341:
21339:
21335:
21334:
21332:
21331:
21326:
21321:
21316:
21310:
21308:
21302:
21301:
21299:
21298:
21293:
21288:
21283:
21278:
21273:
21268:
21263:
21257:
21255:
21249:
21248:
21246:
21245:
21240:
21235:
21230:
21225:
21220:
21215:
21210:
21204:
21202:
21192:
21191:
21176:
21175:
21172:
21171:
21168:
21167:
21165:
21164:
21159:
21158:
21157:
21145:
21143:Sources of law
21140:
21135:
21134:
21133:
21123:
21116:
21111:
21104:
21099:
21092:
21087:
21082:
21077:
21072:
21067:
21062:
21057:
21050:
21043:
21042:
21041:
21036:
21031:
21021:
21016:
21008:
21006:
21002:
21001:
20999:
20998:
20991:
20984:
20977:
20970:
20963:
20956:
20948:
20946:
20944:
20943:
20938:
20933:
20927:
20924:
20923:
20921:
20920:
20913:
20908:
20901:
20894:
20887:
20879:
20877:
20871:
20870:
20868:
20867:
20860:
20853:
20846:
20839:
20834:
20828:
20826:
20816:
20815:
20812:
20811:
20806:
20800:
20792:
20791:
20788:
20787:
20785:
20784:
20779:
20774:
20769:
20767:Social welfare
20764:
20759:
20752:
20747:
20742:
20737:
20732:
20727:
20722:
20717:
20712:
20707:
20702:
20697:
20692:
20687:
20681:
20679:
20677:
20676:
20671:
20665:
20662:
20661:
20659:
20658:
20653:
20648:
20647:
20646:
20636:
20631:
20630:
20629:
20624:
20623:
20622:
20617:
20616:
20615:
20610:
20605:
20592:
20578:
20577:
20576:
20571:
20570:
20569:
20559:
20554:
20549:
20539:
20534:
20533:
20532:
20531:
20530:
20520:
20515:
20510:
20505:
20494:
20492:
20486:
20485:
20483:
20482:
20475:
20470:
20465:
20460:
20454:
20452:
20446:
20445:
20443:
20442:
20441:
20440:
20435:
20430:
20425:
20420:
20415:
20410:
20405:
20393:
20388:
20381:
20374:
20372:Historiography
20369:
20364:
20359:
20354:
20348:
20346:
20344:
20343:
20338:
20332:
20329:
20328:
20326:
20325:
20318:
20311:
20304:
20297:
20289:
20287:
20281:
20280:
20278:
20277:
20272:
20267:
20260:
20255:
20250:
20245:
20244:
20243:
20233:
20226:
20225:
20224:
20213:
20211:
20201:
20200:
20193:
20190:
20189:
20181:
20180:
20173:
20166:
20158:
20149:
20148:
20145:
20144:
20141:
20140:
20138:
20137:
20132:
20127:
20122:
20117:
20112:
20104:
20101:
20100:
20097:
20096:
20094:
20093:
20088:
20083:
20078:
20073:
20068:
20062:
20060:
20054:
20053:
20051:
20050:
20045:
20044:
20043:
20038:
20029:
20014:
20012:
20006:
20005:
20003:
20002:
20001:
20000:
19994:
19989:
19984:
19979:
19977:Muhammad Abduh
19968:
19966:
19960:
19959:
19957:
19956:
19955:
19954:
19936:
19935:
19934:
19920:
19919:
19918:
19900:
19899:
19898:
19881:
19880:
19879:
19874:
19869:
19858:
19856:
19847:
19837:
19836:
19833:
19832:
19830:
19829:
19828:
19827:
19822:
19820:Rashad Khalifa
19812:
19811:
19810:
19805:
19803:Muhammad Iqbal
19795:
19790:
19784:
19782:
19776:
19775:
19773:
19772:
19771:
19770:
19764:
19763:
19762:
19756:
19755:
19754:
19753:
19752:
19746:
19743:
19737:
19734:
19733:
19732:
19731:
19730:
19721:
19720:
19719:
19711:
19710:
19709:
19708:
19707:
19702:
19694:
19687:
19685:
19673:
19672:
19670:
19669:
19656:
19654:Bektashi Order
19647:
19638:
19624:
19622:
19613:
19599:
19598:
19595:
19594:
19592:
19591:
19590:
19589:
19581:
19576:
19571:
19568:
19567:
19566:
19558:
19557:
19556:
19550:
19545:
19544:
19543:
19533:
19532:
19531:
19525:
19524:
19523:
19517:
19516:
19515:
19507:
19506:
19505:
19503:Abu al-Khattab
19494:
19492:
19486:
19485:
19483:
19482:
19481:
19480:
19475:
19470:
19461:Abū Hulmān al-
19454:
19451:
19450:
19449:
19442:
19440:
19431:
19425:
19424:
19421:
19420:
19418:
19417:
19416:Amr ibn Murrah
19414:
19413:Ahmad ibn Hārb
19411:
19408:
19405:
19402:
19401:Salm ibn Sālem
19399:
19396:
19393:
19390:
19387:
19384:
19381:
19376:
19370:
19368:
19364:
19363:
19361:
19360:
19359:
19358:
19352:
19351:
19350:
19344:
19343:
19342:
19336:
19335:
19334:
19333:Sāleh ibn Umar
19328:
19327:
19326:
19320:
19319:
19318:
19312:
19311:
19310:
19309:Gassān al-Kūfī
19304:
19303:
19302:
19296:
19295:
19294:
19287:
19285:
19281:
19280:
19278:
19277:
19276:
19275:
19272:
19269:
19266:
19263:
19260:
19257:
19254:
19251:
19248:
19245:
19242:
19239:
19236:
19233:
19230:
19223:
19221:
19212:
19192:
19191:
19188:
19187:
19185:
19184:
19179:
19178:
19177:
19167:
19158:
19156:Jābir ibn Zayd
19153:
19147:
19145:
19139:
19138:
19136:
19135:
19134:
19133:
19124:
19114:
19113:
19112:
19102:
19101:
19100:
19094:
19093:
19092:
19082:
19081:
19080:
19077:
19074:
19067:
19065:
19056:
19044:
19043:
19040:
19039:
19037:
19036:
19031:
19030:
19029:
19024:Tawussite Shia
19021:
19020:
19019:
19005:
19004:
19003:
18989:
18983:
18981:
18974:
18973:
18971:
18970:
18969:
18968:
18963:
18962:
18961:
18956:
18955:
18954:
18949:
18948:
18947:
18942:
18927:
18926:
18925:
18907:
18906:
18905:
18904:
18903:
18897:
18896:
18895:
18892:
18891:
18890:
18887:
18879:
18864:
18863:
18862:
18851:
18849:
18841:
18840:
18838:
18837:
18836:
18835:
18826:
18813:
18799:
18798:
18797:
18785:
18784:
18783:
18778:
18777:
18776:
18771:
18766:
18746:
18745:
18744:
18727:
18709:
18708:
18707:
18696:
18694:
18684:
18683:
18681:
18680:
18679:
18678:
18669:
18655:
18654:
18653:
18636:
18618:
18617:
18616:
18590:
18589:
18588:
18583:
18582:
18581:
18576:
18560:
18558:
18545:
18523:
18522:
18519:
18518:
18516:
18515:
18514:
18513:
18508:
18498:
18497:
18496:
18494:Imams of Yemen
18491:
18489:Yahya ibn Umar
18486:
18485:
18484:
18474:
18469:
18464:
18453:
18451:
18442:
18436:
18435:
18432:
18431:
18429:
18428:
18427:
18426:
18425:
18424:
18415:
18402:
18379:
18378:
18377:
18376:
18375:
18361:
18350:
18348:
18336:
18335:
18333:
18332:
18331:
18330:
18325:
18320:
18319:
18318:
18313:
18312:
18311:
18306:
18301:
18291:
18290:
18289:
18284:
18279:
18274:
18264:
18263:
18262:
18243:
18233:
18232:
18231:
18226:
18221:
18211:
18210:
18209:
18200:
18198:
18183:
18173:
18172:
18160:
18159:
18156:
18155:
18152:
18151:
18149:
18148:
18143:
18137:
18134:
18133:
18130:
18129:
18127:
18126:
18115:
18104:
18097:Kitab al-Majmu
18093:
18085:
18083:
18079:
18078:
18076:
18075:
18068:
18063:
18056:
18049:
18042:
18034:
18032:
18026:
18025:
18023:
18022:
18015:
18008:
18001:
17994:
17987:
17980:
17973:
17966:
17959:
17952:
17945:
17938:
17935:Asas al-Taqdis
17930:
17928:
17919:
17915:
17914:
17911:
17910:
17908:
17907:
17902:
17897:
17892:
17887:
17881:
17879:
17873:
17872:
17870:
17869:
17864:
17859:
17854:
17849:
17848:
17847:
17837:
17832:
17827:
17822:
17817:
17811:
17809:
17803:
17802:
17800:
17799:
17798:
17797:
17787:
17785:Ja'far Sobhani
17782:
17777:
17772:
17767:
17762:
17757:
17752:
17747:
17742:
17737:
17736:
17735:
17730:
17725:
17720:
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17695:
17690:
17688:Husayn ibn Ali
17685:
17680:
17669:
17667:
17661:
17660:
17658:
17657:
17656:
17655:
17647:
17646:
17645:
17635:
17634:
17633:
17623:
17621:Salman al-Ouda
17618:
17617:
17616:
17614:Sahwa movement
17606:
17604:Zubair Ali Zai
17601:
17596:
17595:
17594:
17584:
17583:
17582:
17572:
17567:
17562:
17557:
17552:
17547:
17542:
17537:
17536:
17535:
17525:
17520:
17514:
17512:
17506:
17505:
17503:
17502:
17501:
17500:
17497:
17494:
17491:
17484:
17482:
17476:
17475:
17473:
17472:
17469:
17464:
17459:
17454:
17452:Al-Zamakhshari
17449:
17448:
17447:
17437:
17431:
17428:
17425:
17422:
17416:
17413:
17410:
17407:
17404:
17397:
17395:
17383:
17382:
17380:
17379:
17359:
17357:
17351:
17350:
17348:
17347:
17337:
17336:
17335:
17327:
17311:
17300:
17298:
17292:
17291:
17289:
17288:
17287:
17286:
17285:
17284:
17271:
17270:
17269:
17258:
17256:
17250:
17249:
17247:
17246:
17241:
17236:
17231:
17226:
17221:
17216:
17211:
17206:
17201:
17196:
17191:
17189:Ahmad Sirhindi
17186:
17181:
17176:
17171:
17166:
17161:
17156:
17151:
17146:
17141:
17136:
17131:
17126:
17121:
17116:
17111:
17106:
17101:
17096:
17091:
17085:
17083:
17071:
17070:
17068:
17067:
17057:
17050:Malik ibn Anas
17047:
17036:
17034:
17025:
17024:
17022:
17021:
17016:
17011:
17006:
17001:
16996:
16991:
16986:
16981:
16976:
16971:
16966:
16961:
16956:
16951:
16946:
16941:
16936:
16931:
16926:
16921:
16916:
16911:
16906:
16901:
16896:
16891:
16886:
16881:
16876:
16871:
16866:
16861:
16856:
16851:
16846:
16841:
16836:
16831:
16826:
16821:
16816:
16814:Al-Shahrastani
16811:
16806:
16801:
16796:
16790:
16788:
16773:
16767:
16766:
16763:
16762:
16760:
16759:
16754:
16749:
16743:
16741:
16735:
16734:
16732:
16731:
16726:
16721:
16715:
16713:
16707:
16706:
16704:
16703:
16698:
16693:
16688:
16682:
16680:
16674:
16673:
16671:
16670:
16665:
16660:
16654:
16652:
16643:
16635:
16634:
16631:
16630:
16627:
16622:
16618:
16610:
16609:
16602:
16601:
16594:
16587:
16579:
16570:
16569:
16567:
16566:
16561:
16556:
16551:
16546:
16541:
16539:Matn Ibn Ashir
16536:
16531:
16526:
16521:
16516:
16511:
16505:
16503:
16497:
16496:
16489:
16488:
16481:
16474:
16466:
16457:
16456:
16454:
16453:
16448:
16443:
16438:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16418:
16413:
16408:
16403:
16398:
16393:
16388:
16383:
16377:
16375:
16371:
16370:
16368:
16367:
16362:
16357:
16352:
16347:
16342:
16337:
16332:
16327:
16322:
16317:
16312:
16307:
16302:
16297:
16292:
16287:
16282:
16277:
16272:
16267:
16262:
16257:
16252:
16247:
16242:
16237:
16232:
16226:
16224:
16220:
16219:
16217:
16216:
16211:
16206:
16201:
16196:
16191:
16186:
16181:
16176:
16174:Sufism history
16171:
16169:Sufi cosmology
16166:
16161:
16156:
16151:
16146:
16141:
16128:
16126:
16122:
16121:
16119:
16118:
16113:
16108:
16103:
16098:
16093:
16088:
16083:
16071:
16066:
16061:
16056:
16051:
16046:
16041:
16036:
16030:
16028:
16024:
16023:
16021:
16020:
16015:
16010:
16005:
16000:
15994:
15992:
15988:
15987:
15985:
15984:
15979:
15974:
15962:
15957:
15952:
15947:
15942:
15930:
15918:
15913:
15908:
15903:
15898:
15893:
15888:
15883:
15878:
15873:
15868:
15856:
15844:
15832:
15827:
15821:
15819:
15813:
15812:
15810:
15809:
15804:
15799:
15798:
15797:
15787:
15782:
15770:
15765:
15760:
15755:
15743:
15731:
15719:
15707:
15702:
15700:Sufism pillars
15697:
15692:
15680:
15668:
15663:
15661:Salat al-Fatih
15658:
15646:
15641:
15636:
15631:
15626:
15621:
15616:
15604:
15592:
15587:
15575:
15563:
15557:
15555:
15549:
15548:
15546:
15545:
15540:
15535:
15530:
15525:
15520:
15515:
15510:
15508:Lataif-e-Sitta
15505:
15500:
15495:
15490:
15485:
15480:
15475:
15470:
15465:
15460:
15455:
15450:
15441:Aayane Thabita
15438:
15425:
15423:
15419:
15418:
15409:
15407:
15405:
15404:
15399:
15394:
15382:
15377:
15372:
15367:
15362:
15357:
15352:
15347:
15342:
15337:
15332:
15327:
15322:
15310:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15283:
15278:
15273:
15268:
15263:
15258:
15253:
15248:
15243:
15238:
15233:
15228:
15222:
15220:
15216:
15215:
15207:
15206:
15199:
15192:
15184:
15175:
15174:
15164:
15161:
15160:
15157:
15156:
15154:
15153:
15147:
15141:
15140:(d. 1302/1885)
15138:Muhammad Ahmad
15135:
15129:
15123:
15117:
15111:
15105:
15099:
15093:
15087:
15080:
15078:
15074:
15073:
15071:
15070:
15064:
15058:
15052:
15045:
15043:
15042:4th AH/10th AD
15039:
15038:
15036:
15035:
15029:
15023:
15017:
15011:
15005:
15002:Sari al-Saqati
14999:
14993:
14987:
14981:
14974:
14972:
14968:
14967:
14965:
14964:
14958:
14952:
14946:
14943:Ibn al-Mubarak
14940:
14934:
14928:
14922:
14916:
14910:
14904:
14897:
14895:
14888:
14882:
14881:
14879:
14878:
14873:
14868:
14863:
14858:
14853:
14848:
14843:
14837:
14835:
14829:
14828:
14826:
14825:
14820:
14815:
14810:
14805:
14800:
14795:
14790:
14785:
14780:
14775:
14770:
14764:
14762:
14758:
14757:
14755:
14754:
14749:
14744:
14739:
14734:
14729:
14724:
14719:
14714:
14709:
14704:
14698:
14696:
14692:
14691:
14684:
14682:
14680:
14679:
14665:
14651:
14637:
14623:
14609:
14599:
14585:
14571:
14557:
14543:
14529:
14515:
14501:
14487:
14472:
14470:
14464:
14463:
14456:
14455:
14448:
14441:
14433:
14426:
14425:External links
14423:
14421:
14420:
14414:
14399:
14397:. E.P. Dutton.
14390:
14385:978-1784790035
14384:
14376:ISF Publishing
14364:
14358:
14344:Sells, Michael
14340:
14338:on 2009-01-22.
14321:
14315:
14297:
14260:
14254:
14239:
14233:
14215:
14209:
14194:
14188:
14173:
14167:
14152:
14146:
14133:
14127:
14114:
14108:
14102:. SUNY Press.
14090:
14084:
14066:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14044:
14043:
14033:. July 5, 2016
14018:
13983:
13953:
13940:
13927:Qadri Shattari
13912:
13898:978-8171510818
13897:
13879:
13862:. 2011-07-01.
13847:
13832:
13820:
13804:
13777:
13753:
13751:, p. 371.
13735:
13723:
13709:
13689:
13675:
13655:
13648:
13628:
13614:
13594:
13580:
13560:
13546:
13526:
13512:
13492:
13467:
13453:
13433:
13421:
13400:
13396:Shah 1964–2014
13388:
13376:
13363:10.2307/598339
13341:
13314:
13277:
13247:
13217:
13190:
13160:
13147:
13140:
13120:
13106:
13100:. SUNY Press.
13086:
13068:
13048:
13035:
13013:
13002:www.soas.ac.uk
12989:
12971:
12935:
12905:
12878:
12859:
12821:
12793:
12765:
12733:
12726:
12720:. p. 65.
12710:, ed. (2015).
12699:
12692:
12676:, ed. (2006).
12665:
12639:
12632:
12626:. p. 59.
12600:
12593:
12587:. p. 30.
12577:, ed. (2013).
12566:
12559:
12553:. p. 26.
12532:
12525:
12490:
12480:
12460:
12434:
12427:
12396:
12367:
12356:
12348:Hachette India
12328:
12321:
12297:
12287:
12281:. p. 85.
12260:
12253:
12237:, ed. (2008).
12226:
12219:
12188:
12181:
12161:, ed. (2006).
12150:
12143:
12116:
12109:
12081:
12074:
12068:. p. 46.
12050:
12039:
12023:, ed. (2018).
12012:
12005:
11989:, ed. (2015).
11977:
11966:. p. 89.
11944:
11926:
11908:
11899:
11886:
11874:
11853:
11838:
11818:
11788:
11772:
11765:
11742:
11733:
11724:
11715:
11706:
11697:
11688:
11679:
11672:
11654:
11647:
11629:
11622:
11602:
11595:
11575:
11568:
11548:
11523:
11498:
11476:
11467:|website=
11434:
11411:
11390:
11365:
11359:Ahmed, Leila.
11352:
11339:
11333:Ahmed, Leila.
11326:
11317:|website=
11299:
11279:
11258:
11246:
11234:
11221:
11196:
11175:
11152:
11139:
11113:
11096:
11074:
11064:. gulfnews.com
11053:
11037:
11024:
11011:
10998:
10985:
10964:
10944:
10920:
10903:
10885:
10860:
10853:
10835:
10817:
10798:
10773:
10747:
10734:
10720:
10715:Radd al-Muhtar
10705:
10676:
10639:
10625:
10600:
10579:
10576:on 2015-06-09.
10561:
10558:on 2008-04-15.
10543:
10534:
10508:
10488:
10463:
10442:
10417:
10384:
10366:
10341:
10325:
10313:
10295:
10283:Shafiifiqh.com
10259:
10222:
10210:
10189:
10184:978-0253354877
10183:
10160:
10141:
10126:
10108:
10105:, Aisha Bewley
10091:
10089:, p. 169.
10079:
10064:
10062:, p. 130.
10049:
10047:, p. 125.
10037:
10017:
10002:
9984:
9971:
9950:
9943:
9923:
9916:
9884:
9855:
9835:
9828:
9808:
9778:
9766:
9754:
9742:
9722:
9707:
9671:
9658:
9636:
9614:
9593:
9579:Dina Le Gall,
9572:
9559:
9546:
9509:
9495:
9477:
9473:The New Yorker
9464:
9458:Martin Lings,
9451:
9435:
9407:
9385:The Muslim 500
9371:
9365:Martin Lings,
9355:
9342:
9335:
9329:. Fons Vitae.
9315:
9295:
9278:
9275:on 2015-04-14.
9255:Terræ Brasilis
9242:
9235:
9214:
9199:
9170:
9161:
9154:
9133:
9110:
9096:
9094:, p. 446.
9071:
9064:
9044:
9042:, p. 499.
9032:
9011:
8990:
8962:
8954:
8934:
8875:
8850:
8834:
8827:
8821:. SUNY Press.
8804:
8789:
8783:978-0520252691
8782:
8761:
8738:
8725:
8702:
8689:978-1780744209
8688:
8657:
8632:
8625:
8605:
8594:naqshbandi.org
8581:
8566:
8559:
8539:
8523:
8517:978-0061625992
8516:
8495:
8469:
8460:
8448:
8422:
8410:
8383:
8371:
8364:Shah 1964–2014
8356:
8339:
8311:
8305:Martin Lings,
8298:
8285:
8272:
8265:
8227:
8221:Martin Lings,
8211:
8196:
8162:
8155:
8115:
8102:
8093:
8087:
8067:
8045:
8013:
7987:
7969:
7941:
7920:(3): 156–158.
7900:
7871:
7851:
7836:
7812:
7778:
7771:
7745:
7721:
7692:
7672:
7645:
7638:
7575:
7528:
7521:
7501:
7482:(2): 221–268.
7462:
7443:
7397:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7317:Husayn ibn Ali
7301:Main article:
7298:
7295:
7270:
7267:
7253:Muhammad Iqbal
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7086:
7038:
7037:
6992:
6990:
6983:
6977:
6974:
6888:
6885:
6843:Philip Jenkins
6832:Museum Library
6830:Topkapı Palace
6789:
6786:
6710:fundamentalist
6611:Main article:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6586:
6567:
6557:
6545:
6544:(d. 736/1336).
6514:
6513:(d. 606/1209).
6495:
6494:(d. 465/1072).
6476:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6392:
6369:
6350:
6330:
6318:
6306:
6275:
6244:Main article:
6241:
6238:
6210:
6207:
6191:
6188:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6097:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6037:
6028:Fusus al-Hikam
6017:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6005:
5990:
5982:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:(d. 1250/1834)
5953:
5945:
5937:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:(d. 1034/1624)
5911:Ahmad Sirhindi
5908:
5906:(d. 1014/1606)
5900:
5892:
5884:
5869:
5854:
5846:
5844:(d. 841/ 1437)
5838:
5830:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5791:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5753:
5751:(d. 1371/1951)
5745:
5737:
5732:Meher Ali Shah
5729:
5727:(d. 1354/1935)
5714:
5712:(d. 1332/1914)
5706:
5704:(d. 1252/1836)
5698:
5696:(d. 1205/1791)
5690:
5688:(d. 1171/1758)
5682:
5680:(d. 1162/1749)
5667:
5665:(d. 1143/1731)
5659:
5657:(d. 1137/1725)
5651:
5649:(d. 1105/1694)
5643:
5641:(d. 1089/1679)
5635:
5633:(d. 1067/1657)
5627:
5625:(d. 1050/1640)
5619:
5617:(d. 1041/1631)
5611:
5609:(d. 1032/1622)
5603:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5524:
5516:
5508:
5500:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5454:
5446:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5417:
5409:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5377:
5362:
5347:
5339:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5309:
5294:
5279:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5141:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5081:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5060:
5057:
5010:
5007:
4999:
4996:
4990:, present-day
4943:
4940:
4927:
4924:
4900:Bakhtiyar Kaki
4877:
4874:
4834:
4831:
4766:
4763:
4735:
4732:
4716:
4713:
4705:
4702:
4680:
4667:Hasan of Basra
4663:Rabia of Basra
4651:grinding grain
4642:
4639:
4627:
4624:
4589:The Educating
4577:Lataif-e-Sitta
4492:: At-Takhalli
4475:
4474:Other concepts
4472:
4464:Sufi cosmology
4396:Lataif-e-sitta
4389:
4386:
4330:
4327:
4264:
4261:
4211:Main article:
4208:
4205:
4184:, Bangladesh.
4128:, Tajikistan;
4102:Main article:
4099:
4096:
4090:(d. 815), and
4076:Farqad Sabakhi
4072:Hasan of Basra
4016:Main article:
3982:
3979:
3869:
3866:
3755:Main article:
3752:
3749:
3707:Main article:
3704:
3701:
3562:Main article:
3559:
3556:
3505:
3502:
3466:
3463:
3402:
3399:
3344:
3341:
3242:("order") and
3218:Fatehpur Sikri
3205:
3202:
3184:
3181:
3107:
3104:
3020:
3017:
2967:
2964:
2796:Bektashi Order
2761:Ahmed el-Tayeb
2694:
2691:
2645:Blagaj, Mostar
2552:Ottoman Sultan
2541:Mughal emperor
2528:
2525:
2405:Safavid Persia
2389:
2386:
2326:Futuh al-ghayb
2265:(c. 1480–1490)
2254:
2251:
1965:
1962:
1942:Hasan of Basra
1927:Sari al-Saqati
1880:Hasan al-Basri
1861:Hasan al-Basri
1760:
1757:
1752:Main article:
1749:
1746:
1645:
1642:
1571:
1568:
1549:fundamentalist
1498:Hasan al-Basri
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1165:Related topics
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1147:Social welfare
1144:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
977:
968:
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
932:
925:
918:
910:
909:
904:
898:
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
876:
867:
866:
860:
852:
844:
835:
834:
814:
806:
803:
802:
797:
791:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
776:
771:
765:
764:
759:
753:
748:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
737:Predestination
733:
732:
727:
721:
720:
718:Revealed Books
715:
709:
708:
698:
693:
692:
689:
688:
680:
679:
673:
672:
660:
659:
657:
656:
649:
642:
634:
631:
630:
617:
616:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
542:Notable modern
539:
533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
335:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
226:Sufi cosmology
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
99:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
78:
68:
67:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
26769:
26758:
26755:
26753:
26750:
26748:
26745:
26743:
26740:
26739:
26737:
26727:
26717:
26715:
26710:
26705:
26704:
26701:
26688:
26684:
26680:
26678:
26670:
26669:
26666:
26652:
26649:
26647:
26644:
26642:
26639:
26637:
26634:
26632:
26629:
26627:
26624:
26622:
26619:
26617:
26614:
26612:
26609:
26607:
26604:
26602:
26599:
26597:
26594:
26593:
26591:
26589:
26588:South America
26585:
26579:
26576:
26574:
26571:
26569:
26566:
26564:
26561:
26559:
26556:
26554:
26551:
26549:
26546:
26544:
26541:
26539:
26536:
26534:
26531:
26529:
26526:
26524:
26521:
26519:
26516:
26514:
26511:
26510:
26508:
26506:
26502:
26496:
26495:United States
26493:
26491:
26488:
26486:
26483:
26481:
26478:
26476:
26473:
26471:
26468:
26466:
26463:
26461:
26458:
26456:
26453:
26451:
26448:
26446:
26443:
26441:
26438:
26436:
26433:
26431:
26428:
26426:
26423:
26421:
26418:
26416:
26413:
26411:
26408:
26406:
26403:
26401:
26398:
26396:
26393:
26391:
26388:
26386:
26383:
26382:
26380:
26378:
26377:North America
26374:
26366:
26363:
26361:
26358:
26356:
26353:
26351:
26348:
26347:
26346:
26343:
26341:
26338:
26336:
26333:
26331:
26328:
26326:
26323:
26321:
26318:
26316:
26313:
26311:
26308:
26306:
26303:
26301:
26298:
26296:
26293:
26291:
26288:
26286:
26283:
26281:
26278:
26276:
26273:
26271:
26268:
26266:
26263:
26261:
26258:
26256:
26253:
26251:
26248:
26246:
26243:
26241:
26238:
26236:
26235:Liechtenstein
26233:
26231:
26228:
26226:
26223:
26221:
26218:
26216:
26213:
26211:
26208:
26206:
26203:
26201:
26198:
26196:
26193:
26191:
26188:
26186:
26183:
26181:
26178:
26176:
26173:
26171:
26168:
26166:
26163:
26161:
26158:
26156:
26153:
26151:
26148:
26146:
26143:
26141:
26138:
26136:
26133:
26131:
26128:
26127:
26125:
26123:
26119:
26113:
26110:
26108:
26105:
26103:
26100:
26098:
26095:
26093:
26090:
26088:
26085:
26083:
26080:
26078:
26075:
26073:
26070:
26068:
26065:
26063:
26060:
26058:
26055:
26053:
26050:
26048:
26045:
26043:
26040:
26038:
26035:
26033:
26030:
26028:
26025:
26023:
26020:
26018:
26015:
26013:
26010:
26008:
26005:
26003:
26000:
25998:
25995:
25993:
25990:
25988:
25985:
25983:
25980:
25978:
25975:
25971:
25968:
25966:
25963:
25962:
25961:
25958:
25956:
25953:
25951:
25948:
25946:
25943:
25941:
25938:
25936:
25933:
25931:
25928:
25926:
25923:
25921:
25918:
25916:
25913:
25911:
25908:
25906:
25903:
25901:
25898:
25896:
25893:
25891:
25888:
25886:
25883:
25881:
25878:
25876:
25873:
25871:
25868:
25866:
25863:
25861:
25858:
25856:
25853:
25852:
25850:
25848:
25844:
25838:
25835:
25833:
25830:
25828:
25825:
25823:
25820:
25818:
25815:
25813:
25810:
25808:
25805:
25803:
25800:
25798:
25795:
25793:
25790:
25788:
25785:
25783:
25780:
25778:
25775:
25773:
25770:
25768:
25765:
25763:
25760:
25758:
25755:
25753:
25750:
25748:
25745:
25743:
25740:
25738:
25735:
25733:
25730:
25728:
25725:
25723:
25720:
25718:
25715:
25713:
25710:
25708:
25705:
25703:
25700:
25698:
25695:
25693:
25690:
25688:
25687:Guinea-Bissau
25685:
25683:
25680:
25678:
25675:
25673:
25670:
25668:
25665:
25663:
25660:
25658:
25655:
25653:
25650:
25648:
25645:
25643:
25640:
25638:
25635:
25633:
25630:
25628:
25625:
25623:
25620:
25618:
25615:
25613:
25610:
25608:
25605:
25603:
25600:
25598:
25595:
25593:
25590:
25588:
25585:
25583:
25580:
25578:
25575:
25573:
25570:
25569:
25567:
25565:
25561:
25557:
25550:
25546:
25532:
25529:
25527:
25524:
25522:
25519:
25517:
25514:
25512:
25511:Organizations
25509:
25507:
25504:
25502:
25499:
25497:
25494:
25492:
25489:
25487:
25484:
25482:
25479:
25477:
25474:
25472:
25469:
25468:
25466:
25463:
25455:
25449:
25446:
25444:
25441:
25439:
25436:
25434:
25431:
25429:
25426:
25424:
25421:
25419:
25416:
25414:
25411:
25409:
25406:
25404:
25401:
25399:
25396:
25395:
25393:
25390:
25385:
25380:
25374:
25371:
25367:
25364:
25362:
25359:
25357:
25354:
25352:
25349:
25348:
25347:
25344:
25342:
25339:
25337:
25336:Vegetarianism
25334:
25332:
25329:
25327:
25324:
25322:
25319:
25317:
25314:
25312:
25309:
25307:
25304:
25302:
25299:
25297:
25294:
25292:
25289:
25287:
25284:
25282:
25281:Homosexuality
25279:
25277:
25274:
25272:
25269:
25267:
25264:
25260:
25257:
25255:
25252:
25250:
25247:
25245:
25242:
25241:
25240:
25237:
25235:
25232:
25230:
25227:
25225:
25222:
25218:
25215:
25213:
25210:
25208:
25205:
25204:
25203:
25200:
25196:
25193:
25191:
25188:
25186:
25183:
25182:
25181:
25177:
25174:
25172:
25169:
25167:
25164:
25163:
25161:
25158:
25151:
25145:
25142:
25140:
25137:
25135:
25132:
25128:
25125:
25124:
25123:
25120:
25118:
25115:
25113:
25110:
25108:
25105:
25103:
25102:Neurotheology
25100:
25098:
25095:
25093:
25090:
25088:
25085:
25083:
25080:
25078:
25075:
25073:
25070:
25069:
25067:
25065:
25059:
25053:
25050:
25048:
25045:
25043:
25040:
25038:
25035:
25033:
25030:
25028:
25025:
25023:
25020:
25018:
25015:
25013:
25010:
25008:
25005:
25004:
25002:
25000:
24996:
24988:
24985:
24983:
24980:
24978:
24975:
24974:
24973:
24970:
24968:
24965:
24963:
24960:
24958:
24955:
24953:
24950:
24948:
24945:
24943:
24940:
24938:
24935:
24931:
24928:
24926:
24923:
24921:
24918:
24916:
24913:
24912:
24911:
24908:
24904:
24901:
24899:
24896:
24894:
24891:
24890:
24889:
24886:
24884:
24881:
24879:
24876:
24874:
24871:
24869:
24866:
24864:
24861:
24859:
24856:
24854:
24851:
24849:
24846:
24844:
24841:
24837:
24834:
24832:
24829:
24827:
24824:
24823:
24822:
24819:
24817:
24814:
24812:
24809:
24807:
24804:
24802:
24799:
24797:
24796:Folk religion
24794:
24792:
24789:
24787:
24784:
24782:
24779:
24777:
24774:
24772:
24769:
24767:
24764:
24762:
24759:
24757:
24754:
24752:
24748:
24745:
24743:
24740:
24738:
24735:
24733:
24730:
24728:
24724:
24721:
24720:
24718:
24714:
24710:
24703:
24699:
24689:
24686:
24684:
24681:
24679:
24676:
24674:
24671:
24669:
24666:
24664:
24661:
24659:
24656:
24652:
24649:
24647:
24644:
24642:
24639:
24638:
24637:
24634:
24630:
24627:
24625:
24622:
24620:
24619:Imperial cult
24617:
24615:
24612:
24610:
24607:
24606:
24605:
24602:
24600:
24597:
24593:
24590:
24588:
24585:
24583:
24580:
24579:
24578:
24575:
24571:
24568:
24566:
24563:
24562:
24561:
24558:
24554:
24551:
24549:
24546:
24544:
24541:
24539:
24536:
24535:
24534:
24531:
24529:
24526:
24522:
24519:
24518:
24517:
24514:
24510:
24507:
24505:
24502:
24501:
24500:
24497:
24495:
24492:
24488:
24485:
24484:
24483:
24480:
24478:
24475:
24473:
24470:
24468:
24465:
24463:
24460:
24458:
24455:
24453:
24450:
24448:
24445:
24443:
24440:
24436:
24433:
24431:
24428:
24426:
24423:
24421:
24418:
24416:
24413:
24412:
24411:
24408:
24404:
24401:
24399:
24396:
24394:
24391:
24389:
24386:
24385:
24384:
24381:
24379:
24376:
24372:
24369:
24368:
24367:
24364:
24362:
24359:
24357:
24354:
24350:
24347:
24346:
24345:
24342:
24340:
24337:
24335:
24332:
24328:
24325:
24323:
24320:
24319:
24318:
24315:
24313:
24310:
24306:
24303:
24301:
24298:
24296:
24293:
24292:
24291:
24288:
24286:
24283:
24281:
24278:
24276:
24273:
24269:
24266:
24265:
24264:
24261:
24260:
24257:
24253:
24248:
24244:
24224:
24221:
24220:
24219:
24216:
24214:
24211:
24209:
24206:
24204:
24201:
24199:
24196:
24194:
24191:
24189:
24186:
24184:
24183:Discordianism
24181:
24179:
24178:Anthroposophy
24176:
24175:
24173:
24169:
24161:
24160:
24156:
24155:
24154:
24151:
24149:
24146:
24142:
24139:
24137:
24134:
24132:
24129:
24127:
24126:Mari religion
24124:
24122:
24119:
24117:
24114:
24112:
24109:
24108:
24107:
24104:
24102:
24099:
24097:
24094:
24092:
24089:
24087:
24084:
24082:
24079:
24077:
24074:
24072:
24069:
24067:
24064:
24060:
24057:
24056:
24055:
24052:
24048:
24045:
24043:
24040:
24039:
24038:
24035:
24031:
24028:
24026:
24023:
24022:
24021:
24018:
24016:
24013:
24009:
24006:
24005:
24003:
24002:
24000:
23998:
23992:
23986:
23983:
23981:
23978:
23976:
23973:
23969:
23966:
23964:
23963:Neo-Theosophy
23961:
23960:
23959:
23956:
23954:
23951:
23949:
23946:
23944:
23941:
23939:
23936:
23932:
23929:
23928:
23927:
23924:
23922:
23919:
23917:
23914:
23912:
23909:
23907:
23904:
23902:
23901:New Acropolis
23899:
23897:
23894:
23892:
23889:
23887:
23884:
23882:
23879:
23877:
23874:
23873:
23871:
23867:
23864:
23862:
23854:
23844:
23841:
23839:
23836:
23834:
23831:
23829:
23826:
23825:
23823:
23819:
23807:
23804:
23802:
23799:
23797:
23794:
23792:
23789:
23787:
23784:
23782:
23779:
23777:
23774:
23772:
23769:
23767:
23764:
23762:
23759:
23757:
23754:
23752:
23749:
23747:
23744:
23742:
23739:
23735:
23732:
23730:
23727:
23725:
23722:
23721:
23720:
23717:
23716:
23715:
23713:
23709:
23708:
23703:
23700:
23699:
23698:
23695:
23693:
23690:
23688:
23685:
23683:
23680:
23678:
23675:
23673:
23670:
23668:
23665:
23663:
23660:
23658:
23655:
23653:
23650:
23648:
23645:
23643:
23640:
23638:
23635:
23633:
23630:
23628:
23625:
23623:
23620:
23618:
23615:
23613:
23610:
23606:
23603:
23601:
23598:
23597:
23596:
23593:
23591:
23588:
23586:
23583:
23581:
23578:
23577:
23575:
23573:
23567:
23559:
23556:
23555:
23554:
23551:
23550:
23548:
23546:North African
23544:
23541:
23539:
23533:
23527:
23524:
23522:
23519:
23517:
23514:
23512:
23509:
23507:
23504:
23502:
23499:
23497:
23494:
23492:
23489:
23487:
23484:
23482:
23479:
23477:
23474:
23472:
23469:
23468:
23466:
23464:
23460:
23454:
23451:
23449:
23446:
23444:
23441:
23439:
23436:
23435:
23433:
23431:
23427:
23423:
23417:
23414:
23412:
23409:
23407:
23404:
23402:
23399:
23393:
23390:
23389:
23388:
23385:
23384:
23383:
23380:
23376:
23373:
23371:
23368:
23366:
23363:
23362:
23361:
23358:
23356:
23353:
23351:
23348:
23346:
23343:
23341:
23338:
23336:
23333:
23329:
23326:
23324:
23321:
23319:
23316:
23315:
23314:
23311:
23309:
23306:
23304:
23301:
23299:
23298:Kwakwakaʼwakw
23296:
23294:
23291:
23287:
23284:
23282:
23279:
23277:
23274:
23272:
23269:
23267:
23264:
23260:
23257:
23255:
23252:
23251:
23250:
23247:
23246:
23245:
23242:
23240:
23237:
23235:
23232:
23230:
23227:
23225:
23221:
23218:
23216:
23213:
23211:
23208:
23206:
23203:
23199:
23196:
23194:
23191:
23189:
23186:
23184:
23181:
23180:
23179:
23176:
23174:
23171:
23169:
23166:
23162:
23159:
23157:
23154:
23152:
23149:
23148:
23147:
23144:
23142:
23139:
23137:
23134:
23133:
23131:
23129:
23123:
23117:
23114:
23112:
23109:
23105:
23102:
23100:
23097:
23096:
23095:
23092:
23088:
23085:
23084:
23083:
23080:
23078:
23075:
23073:
23070:
23068:
23065:
23061:
23058:
23056:
23053:
23052:
23050:
23046:
23043:
23041:
23038:
23037:
23036:
23033:
23031:
23028:
23027:
23025:
23023:
23019:
23013:
23010:
23009:
23007:
23005:
23004:Austroasiatic
23001:
22993:
22990:
22988:
22985:
22984:
22983:
22980:
22976:
22975:Vattisen Yaly
22973:
22971:
22968:
22966:
22963:
22962:
22961:
22957:
22954:
22953:
22951:
22949:
22945:
22942:
22940:
22936:
22920:
22917:
22915:
22912:
22911:
22910:
22907:
22905:
22902:
22900:
22897:
22895:
22894:Kirat Mundhum
22892:
22890:
22887:
22883:
22880:
22878:
22875:
22874:
22873:
22870:
22868:
22865:
22863:
22860:
22859:
22857:
22853:
22847:
22846:
22842:
22840:
22837:
22833:
22830:
22829:
22828:
22825:
22821:
22818:
22816:
22813:
22811:
22807:
22803:
22800:
22799:
22798:
22795:
22793:
22790:
22789:
22787:
22785:
22781:
22775:
22774:
22770:
22768:
22765:
22763:
22760:
22758:
22755:
22753:
22750:
22748:
22745:
22743:
22740:
22736:
22733:
22731:
22728:
22726:
22723:
22721:
22718:
22716:
22713:
22711:
22708:
22706:
22703:
22701:
22698:
22697:
22696:
22693:
22689:
22686:
22684:
22681:
22679:
22676:
22674:
22671:
22669:
22666:
22664:
22661:
22659:
22656:
22654:
22651:
22649:
22646:
22645:
22644:
22641:
22640:
22638:
22636:
22632:
22629:
22627:
22623:
22613:
22610:
22608:
22605:
22603:
22600:
22598:
22595:
22593:
22590:
22589:
22587:
22585:
22581:
22575:
22572:
22570:
22567:
22565:
22562:
22561:
22559:
22557:
22553:
22547:
22544:
22542:
22539:
22537:
22534:
22530:
22529:
22525:
22524:
22523:
22520:
22519:
22517:
22515:
22511:
22503:
22500:
22498:
22495:
22494:
22493:
22490:
22486:
22483:
22481:
22478:
22477:
22476:
22473:
22471:
22468:
22466:
22463:
22461:
22458:
22456:
22453:
22452:
22450:
22448:
22444:
22441:
22439:
22435:
22432:
22430:
22426:
22412:
22409:
22407:
22404:
22402:
22399:
22398:
22396:
22392:
22386:
22383:
22381:
22378:
22376:
22373:
22371:
22368:
22367:
22365:
22363:
22359:
22353:
22350:
22348:
22345:
22343:
22340:
22339:
22337:
22335:
22331:
22328:
22326:
22322:
22312:
22309:
22307:
22304:
22302:
22299:
22297:
22294:
22292:
22289:
22287:
22284:
22282:
22279:
22278:
22276:
22272:
22266:
22265:
22261:
22259:
22256:
22254:
22253:Milah Abraham
22251:
22249:
22246:
22244:
22241:
22239:
22236:
22234:
22231:
22227:
22224:
22223:
22222:
22219:
22217:
22214:
22210:
22207:
22205:
22202:
22200:
22197:
22195:
22192:
22191:
22190:
22187:
22181:
22178:
22176:
22173:
22172:
22171:
22168:
22166:
22163:
22161:
22158:
22156:
22153:
22152:
22151:
22148:
22147:
22145:
22143:
22139:
22133:
22132:
22128:
22124:
22121:
22119:
22116:
22114:
22111:
22109:
22106:
22104:
22101:
22099:
22096:
22094:
22091:
22089:
22086:
22084:
22080:
22077:
22076:
22075:
22072:
22070:
22067:
22065:
22062:
22060:
22057:
22055:
22052:
22050:
22047:
22043:
22040:
22038:
22035:
22033:
22030:
22026:
22023:
22022:
22021:
22018:
22016:
22013:
22011:
22008:
22006:
22003:
21999:
21996:
21994:
21991:
21989:
21986:
21985:
21984:
21981:
21977:
21974:
21972:
21969:
21967:
21964:
21963:
21962:
21959:
21957:
21954:
21952:
21949:
21945:
21942:
21940:
21937:
21935:
21932:
21930:
21927:
21925:
21922:
21921:
21920:
21917:
21915:
21912:
21911:
21910:
21909:Protestantism
21907:
21903:
21900:
21898:
21894:
21891:
21890:
21889:
21886:
21882:
21879:
21877:
21874:
21873:
21872:
21869:
21867:
21864:
21860:
21857:
21856:
21855:
21852:
21848:
21845:
21843:
21840:
21839:
21838:
21835:
21834:
21832:
21830:
21826:
21820:
21819:
21815:
21813:
21810:
21808:
21805:
21803:
21800:
21798:
21795:
21793:
21790:
21788:
21785:
21783:
21780:
21774:
21771:
21770:
21769:
21766:
21762:
21759:
21758:
21757:
21754:
21753:
21752:
21749:
21748:
21746:
21744:
21740:
21737:
21735:
21731:
21728:
21726:
21722:
21718:
21714:
21709:
21705:
21701:
21694:
21689:
21687:
21682:
21680:
21675:
21674:
21671:
21659:
21651:
21649:
21639:
21638:
21635:
21621:
21618:
21616:
21613:
21611:
21608:
21606:
21603:
21601:
21598:
21596:
21593:
21591:
21588:
21586:
21583:
21579:
21576:
21575:
21574:
21571:
21567:
21564:
21562:
21561:Post-Islamism
21559:
21557:
21554:
21553:
21552:
21549:
21547:
21544:
21540:
21537:
21535:
21532:
21531:
21530:
21527:
21526:
21524:
21520:
21514:
21511:
21509:
21506:
21504:
21501:
21499:
21496:
21495:
21493:
21491:
21487:
21481:
21478:
21476:
21473:
21471:
21468:
21466:
21463:
21461:
21458:
21454:
21453:Protestantism
21451:
21449:
21446:
21444:
21441:
21440:
21439:
21436:
21435:
21433:
21431:
21427:
21423:
21413:
21409:
21395:
21392:
21390:
21389:
21385:
21383:
21380:
21376:
21373:
21372:
21371:
21368:
21366:
21363:
21361:
21358:
21356:
21353:
21351:
21348:
21346:
21343:
21342:
21340:
21336:
21330:
21327:
21325:
21322:
21320:
21317:
21315:
21312:
21311:
21309:
21307:
21303:
21297:
21294:
21292:
21291:Ophthalmology
21289:
21287:
21284:
21282:
21279:
21277:
21274:
21272:
21269:
21267:
21264:
21262:
21259:
21258:
21256:
21254:
21250:
21244:
21241:
21239:
21236:
21234:
21231:
21229:
21226:
21224:
21221:
21219:
21216:
21214:
21211:
21209:
21206:
21205:
21203:
21201:
21197:
21193:
21189:
21181:
21177:
21163:
21160:
21156:
21155:
21151:
21150:
21149:
21146:
21144:
21141:
21139:
21136:
21132:
21129:
21128:
21127:
21124:
21122:
21121:
21117:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21109:
21105:
21103:
21100:
21098:
21097:
21093:
21091:
21088:
21086:
21083:
21081:
21078:
21076:
21073:
21071:
21068:
21066:
21063:
21061:
21058:
21056:
21055:
21051:
21049:
21048:
21044:
21040:
21039:Death penalty
21037:
21035:
21032:
21030:
21027:
21026:
21025:
21022:
21020:
21017:
21015:
21014:
21010:
21009:
21007:
21005:Other aspects
21003:
20997:
20996:
20992:
20990:
20989:
20985:
20983:
20982:
20978:
20976:
20975:
20971:
20969:
20968:
20964:
20962:
20961:
20957:
20955:
20954:
20950:
20949:
20947:
20942:
20939:
20937:
20934:
20932:
20929:
20928:
20925:
20919:
20918:
20914:
20912:
20909:
20907:
20906:
20902:
20900:
20899:
20895:
20893:
20892:
20888:
20886:
20885:
20881:
20880:
20878:
20876:
20872:
20866:
20865:
20861:
20859:
20858:
20854:
20852:
20851:
20847:
20845:
20844:
20840:
20838:
20835:
20833:
20830:
20829:
20827:
20825:
20821:
20817:
20810:
20809:Jurisprudence
20807:
20805:
20802:
20801:
20797:
20793:
20783:
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20760:
20758:
20757:
20753:
20751:
20748:
20746:
20743:
20741:
20738:
20736:
20733:
20731:
20728:
20726:
20723:
20721:
20718:
20716:
20713:
20711:
20708:
20706:
20703:
20701:
20698:
20696:
20693:
20691:
20688:
20686:
20683:
20682:
20680:
20675:
20672:
20670:
20667:
20666:
20663:
20657:
20654:
20652:
20649:
20645:
20642:
20641:
20640:
20637:
20635:
20632:
20628:
20625:
20621:
20618:
20614:
20611:
20609:
20606:
20604:
20601:
20600:
20599:
20596:
20595:
20593:
20591:
20588:
20587:
20586:
20582:
20579:
20575:
20572:
20568:
20565:
20564:
20563:
20560:
20558:
20555:
20553:
20550:
20548:
20545:
20544:
20543:
20540:
20538:
20535:
20529:
20526:
20525:
20524:
20521:
20519:
20516:
20514:
20511:
20509:
20506:
20504:
20501:
20500:
20499:
20496:
20495:
20493:
20491:
20490:Denominations
20487:
20481:
20480:
20476:
20474:
20471:
20469:
20466:
20464:
20461:
20459:
20456:
20455:
20453:
20451:
20447:
20439:
20436:
20434:
20431:
20429:
20426:
20424:
20421:
20419:
20416:
20414:
20411:
20409:
20406:
20404:
20403:
20399:
20398:
20397:
20394:
20392:
20389:
20387:
20386:
20382:
20380:
20379:
20375:
20373:
20370:
20368:
20365:
20363:
20360:
20358:
20355:
20353:
20350:
20349:
20347:
20342:
20339:
20337:
20334:
20333:
20330:
20324:
20323:
20319:
20317:
20316:
20312:
20310:
20309:
20305:
20303:
20302:
20298:
20296:
20295:
20291:
20290:
20288:
20286:
20282:
20276:
20275:Holiest sites
20273:
20271:
20270:Judgement Day
20268:
20266:
20265:
20261:
20259:
20256:
20254:
20251:
20249:
20246:
20242:
20239:
20238:
20237:
20234:
20232:
20231:
20227:
20223:
20220:
20219:
20218:
20215:
20214:
20212:
20210:
20206:
20202:
20198:
20197:
20191:
20186:
20179:
20174:
20172:
20167:
20165:
20160:
20159:
20156:
20136:
20133:
20131:
20128:
20126:
20123:
20121:
20118:
20116:
20113:
20110:
20106:
20105:
20102:
20092:
20089:
20087:
20084:
20082:
20079:
20077:
20074:
20072:
20069:
20067:
20064:
20063:
20061:
20059:
20058:Other beliefs
20055:
20049:
20046:
20042:
20039:
20037:
20033:
20032:Hilmi Tunahan
20030:
20028:
20024:
20021:
20020:
20019:
20016:
20015:
20013:
20011:
20007:
19999:
19995:
19993:
19990:
19988:
19985:
19983:
19982:Muhammad Asad
19980:
19978:
19975:
19974:
19973:
19970:
19969:
19967:
19965:
19961:
19953:
19949:
19945:
19942:
19941:
19940:
19937:
19933:
19929:
19926:
19925:
19924:
19921:
19917:
19913:
19909:
19906:
19905:
19904:
19901:
19897:
19893:
19892:Sabbatai Zevi
19890:
19889:
19888:
19885:
19882:
19878:
19875:
19873:
19870:
19868:
19865:
19864:
19863:
19860:
19859:
19857:
19855:
19851:
19848:
19846:
19838:
19826:
19823:
19821:
19818:
19817:
19816:
19813:
19809:
19806:
19804:
19801:
19800:
19799:
19796:
19794:
19791:
19789:
19786:
19785:
19783:
19781:
19777:
19768:
19767:
19765:
19760:
19759:
19757:
19750:
19749:
19747:
19744:
19742:Ali al-Aswarī
19741:
19740:
19738:
19735:
19728:
19727:
19725:
19724:
19722:
19717:
19716:
19715:
19712:
19706:
19703:
19700:
19699:
19698:
19695:
19692:
19691:
19689:
19688:
19686:
19683:
19678:
19674:
19668:
19664:
19660:
19657:
19655:
19651:
19648:
19646:
19642:
19639:
19637:
19633:
19629:
19626:
19625:
19623:
19621:
19617:
19614:
19611:
19604:
19600:
19588:
19585:
19584:
19582:
19580:
19577:
19575:
19572:
19569:
19564:
19563:
19562:
19559:
19554:
19553:
19551:
19549:
19546:
19542:
19539:
19538:
19537:
19534:
19529:
19528:
19526:
19521:
19520:
19519:Muʿāmmarīyya
19518:
19513:
19512:
19511:
19508:
19504:
19501:
19500:
19499:
19496:
19495:
19493:
19491:
19487:
19479:
19476:
19474:
19471:
19468:
19464:
19460:
19459:
19458:
19455:
19452:
19447:
19446:
19444:
19443:
19441:
19439:
19435:
19432:
19430:
19426:
19415:
19412:
19409:
19406:
19403:
19400:
19397:
19394:
19391:
19388:
19385:
19382:
19380:
19377:
19375:
19372:
19371:
19369:
19365:
19356:
19355:
19353:
19348:
19347:
19345:
19340:
19339:
19337:
19332:
19331:
19329:
19324:
19323:
19321:
19316:
19315:
19313:
19308:
19307:
19305:
19300:
19299:
19297:
19292:
19291:
19289:
19288:
19286:
19282:
19273:
19270:
19267:
19264:
19261:
19258:
19255:
19252:
19249:
19246:
19243:
19240:
19237:
19234:
19231:
19228:
19227:
19225:
19224:
19222:
19220:
19216:
19213:
19210:
19204:
19197:
19193:
19183:
19180:
19176:
19173:
19172:
19171:
19168:
19166:
19162:
19159:
19157:
19154:
19152:
19149:
19148:
19146:
19144:
19140:
19132:
19128:
19125:
19123:
19120:
19119:
19118:
19115:
19111:
19108:
19107:
19106:
19103:
19098:
19097:
19095:
19091:
19088:
19087:
19086:
19083:
19078:
19075:
19072:
19071:
19069:
19068:
19066:
19064:
19060:
19057:
19054:
19049:
19045:
19035:
19034:Waqifite Shia
19032:
19027:
19026:
19025:
19022:
19018:
19014:
19011:
19010:
19009:
19006:
19002:
18998:
18995:
18994:
18993:
18990:
18988:
18985:
18984:
18982:
18980:
18975:
18967:
18964:
18960:
18959:Ishaq al-Turk
18957:
18953:
18950:
18946:
18943:
18941:
18938:
18937:
18936:
18933:
18932:
18931:
18928:
18924:
18921:
18920:
18919:
18916:
18915:
18913:
18912:
18911:
18908:
18901:
18900:
18898:
18893:
18888:
18886:
18883:
18882:
18880:
18877:
18876:
18874:
18873:
18872:
18868:
18865:
18861:
18858:
18857:
18856:
18853:
18852:
18850:
18848:
18842:
18834:
18830:
18827:
18825:
18821:
18817:
18814:
18812:
18808:
18805:
18804:
18803:
18800:
18796:
18793:
18789:
18786:
18782:
18779:
18775:
18772:
18770:
18767:
18765:
18762:
18761:
18760:
18757:
18756:
18755:
18752:
18751:
18750:
18747:
18743:
18739:
18735:
18731:
18728:
18726:
18722:
18718:
18717:Hamdan Qarmat
18715:
18714:
18713:
18710:
18706:
18703:
18702:
18701:
18698:
18697:
18695:
18693:
18689:
18685:
18677:
18673:
18670:
18668:
18664:
18661:
18660:
18659:
18656:
18652:
18648:
18644:
18640:
18637:
18635:
18631:
18627:
18624:
18623:
18622:
18619:
18615:
18614:Safavid Islam
18611:
18607:
18603:
18599:
18598:Sheikh Haydar
18596:
18595:
18594:
18591:
18587:
18584:
18580:
18577:
18575:
18572:
18571:
18570:
18567:
18566:
18565:
18562:
18561:
18559:
18557:
18553:
18549:
18546:
18544:
18540:
18536:
18532:
18528:
18524:
18512:
18509:
18507:
18504:
18503:
18502:
18499:
18495:
18492:
18490:
18487:
18483:
18480:
18479:
18478:
18475:
18473:
18470:
18468:
18465:
18463:
18460:
18459:
18458:
18455:
18454:
18452:
18450:
18446:
18443:
18441:
18437:
18423:
18419:
18416:
18414:
18410:
18406:
18403:
18401:
18397:
18393:
18390:
18389:
18388:
18385:
18384:
18383:
18380:
18374:
18370:
18367:
18366:
18365:
18362:
18360:
18357:
18356:
18355:
18352:
18351:
18349:
18346:
18341:
18337:
18329:
18326:
18324:
18321:
18317:
18314:
18310:
18307:
18305:
18302:
18300:
18297:
18296:
18295:
18292:
18288:
18285:
18283:
18280:
18278:
18275:
18273:
18270:
18269:
18268:
18265:
18261:
18257:
18254:
18253:
18252:
18249:
18248:
18247:
18244:
18242:
18239:
18238:
18237:
18234:
18230:
18227:
18225:
18222:
18220:
18217:
18216:
18215:
18212:
18208:
18205:
18204:
18202:
18201:
18199:
18196:
18191:
18190:Ahl al-Hadith
18187:
18184:
18182:
18178:
18174:
18170:
18165:
18161:
18147:
18144:
18142:
18139:
18138:
18135:
18125:
18124:
18120:
18116:
18114:
18113:
18109:
18105:
18103:
18102:
18098:
18094:
18092:
18091:
18087:
18086:
18084:
18080:
18074:
18073:
18069:
18067:
18064:
18062:
18061:
18057:
18055:
18054:
18050:
18048:
18047:
18043:
18041:
18040:
18036:
18035:
18033:
18031:
18027:
18021:
18020:
18016:
18014:
18013:
18009:
18007:
18006:
18002:
18000:
17999:
17995:
17993:
17992:
17988:
17986:
17985:
17981:
17979:
17978:
17974:
17972:
17971:
17967:
17965:
17964:
17960:
17958:
17957:
17953:
17951:
17950:
17946:
17944:
17943:
17939:
17937:
17936:
17932:
17931:
17929:
17927:
17923:
17920:
17916:
17906:
17903:
17901:
17898:
17896:
17893:
17891:
17888:
17886:
17883:
17882:
17880:
17878:
17877:Zaydi Shi'ism
17874:
17868:
17865:
17863:
17860:
17858:
17855:
17853:
17850:
17846:
17843:
17842:
17841:
17838:
17836:
17833:
17831:
17828:
17826:
17823:
17821:
17818:
17816:
17813:
17812:
17810:
17808:
17804:
17796:
17793:
17792:
17791:
17788:
17786:
17783:
17781:
17778:
17776:
17773:
17771:
17768:
17766:
17763:
17761:
17758:
17756:
17753:
17751:
17748:
17746:
17743:
17741:
17738:
17734:
17731:
17729:
17726:
17724:
17721:
17719:
17716:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17708:Musa al-Kazim
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17694:
17693:Ali al-Sajjad
17691:
17689:
17686:
17684:
17683:Hasan ibn Ali
17681:
17679:
17676:
17675:
17674:
17671:
17670:
17668:
17666:
17662:
17654:Post-Salafism
17653:
17652:
17651:
17648:
17644:
17641:
17640:
17639:
17636:
17632:
17629:
17628:
17627:
17624:
17622:
17619:
17615:
17612:
17611:
17610:
17607:
17605:
17602:
17600:
17597:
17593:
17590:
17589:
17588:
17585:
17581:
17578:
17577:
17576:
17573:
17571:
17568:
17566:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17534:
17531:
17530:
17529:
17526:
17524:
17521:
17519:
17518:Ibn Taymiyyah
17516:
17515:
17513:
17511:
17507:
17499:Mustadrakīyya
17498:
17495:
17492:
17489:
17488:
17486:
17485:
17483:
17481:
17477:
17470:
17468:
17465:
17463:
17460:
17458:
17457:Amr ibn Ubayd
17455:
17453:
17450:
17446:
17443:
17442:
17441:
17438:
17435:
17432:
17429:
17426:
17423:
17420:
17417:
17414:
17411:
17408:
17405:
17402:
17399:
17398:
17396:
17393:
17388:
17384:
17377:
17373:
17369:
17365:
17361:
17360:
17358:
17356:
17352:
17345:
17341:
17338:
17334:
17331:
17328:
17326:
17323:
17322:
17320:
17316:
17312:
17309:
17305:
17302:
17301:
17299:
17297:
17293:
17282:
17281:
17280:
17277:
17276:
17275:
17272:
17268:
17265:
17264:
17263:
17260:
17259:
17257:
17255:
17251:
17245:
17242:
17240:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17220:
17217:
17215:
17212:
17210:
17207:
17205:
17202:
17200:
17197:
17195:
17192:
17190:
17187:
17185:
17182:
17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
17167:
17165:
17162:
17160:
17157:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17145:
17142:
17140:
17137:
17135:
17132:
17130:
17127:
17125:
17122:
17120:
17117:
17115:
17112:
17110:
17107:
17105:
17102:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17086:
17084:
17081:
17076:
17072:
17065:
17061:
17058:
17055:
17051:
17048:
17045:
17041:
17038:
17037:
17035:
17033:
17030:
17026:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17012:
17010:
17007:
17005:
17002:
17000:
16997:
16995:
16992:
16990:
16987:
16985:
16982:
16980:
16977:
16975:
16972:
16970:
16967:
16965:
16962:
16960:
16957:
16955:
16952:
16950:
16947:
16945:
16942:
16940:
16937:
16935:
16932:
16930:
16927:
16925:
16922:
16920:
16917:
16915:
16912:
16910:
16907:
16905:
16902:
16900:
16897:
16895:
16892:
16890:
16887:
16885:
16882:
16880:
16877:
16875:
16872:
16870:
16867:
16865:
16862:
16860:
16857:
16855:
16852:
16850:
16847:
16845:
16842:
16840:
16837:
16835:
16832:
16830:
16827:
16825:
16822:
16820:
16817:
16815:
16812:
16810:
16807:
16805:
16802:
16800:
16797:
16795:
16792:
16791:
16789:
16786:
16781:
16777:
16774:
16772:
16768:
16758:
16755:
16753:
16750:
16748:
16745:
16744:
16742:
16740:
16736:
16730:
16727:
16725:
16722:
16720:
16717:
16716:
16714:
16712:
16708:
16702:
16699:
16697:
16694:
16692:
16689:
16687:
16684:
16683:
16681:
16679:
16675:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16655:
16653:
16651:
16647:
16644:
16640:
16636:
16628:
16626:
16623:
16620:
16619:
16615:
16611:
16607:
16600:
16595:
16593:
16588:
16586:
16581:
16580:
16577:
16565:
16562:
16560:
16557:
16555:
16552:
16550:
16547:
16545:
16542:
16540:
16537:
16535:
16532:
16530:
16527:
16525:
16522:
16520:
16517:
16515:
16512:
16510:
16507:
16506:
16504:
16502:
16498:
16494:
16487:
16482:
16480:
16475:
16473:
16468:
16467:
16464:
16452:
16449:
16447:
16444:
16442:
16439:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16417:
16414:
16412:
16409:
16407:
16404:
16402:
16399:
16397:
16394:
16392:
16389:
16387:
16384:
16382:
16379:
16378:
16376:
16372:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16356:
16353:
16351:
16348:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16331:
16328:
16326:
16323:
16321:
16318:
16316:
16313:
16311:
16308:
16306:
16303:
16301:
16298:
16296:
16293:
16291:
16288:
16286:
16283:
16281:
16278:
16276:
16273:
16271:
16268:
16266:
16265:Jama'at Khana
16263:
16261:
16258:
16256:
16253:
16251:
16248:
16246:
16243:
16241:
16240:Datuk Keramat
16238:
16236:
16233:
16231:
16228:
16227:
16225:
16221:
16215:
16214:Sufi whirling
16212:
16210:
16207:
16205:
16202:
16200:
16197:
16195:
16192:
16190:
16187:
16185:
16182:
16180:
16177:
16175:
16172:
16170:
16167:
16165:
16162:
16160:
16157:
16155:
16152:
16150:
16147:
16145:
16142:
16138:
16133:
16130:
16129:
16127:
16123:
16117:
16114:
16112:
16109:
16107:
16104:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16094:
16092:
16089:
16087:
16084:
16080:
16075:
16072:
16070:
16067:
16065:
16062:
16060:
16057:
16055:
16052:
16050:
16047:
16045:
16042:
16040:
16037:
16035:
16032:
16031:
16029:
16025:
16019:
16016:
16014:
16011:
16009:
16006:
16004:
16001:
15999:
15998:Antinomianism
15996:
15995:
15993:
15989:
15983:
15980:
15978:
15975:
15971:
15966:
15963:
15961:
15958:
15956:
15953:
15951:
15948:
15946:
15943:
15939:
15934:
15931:
15927:
15922:
15919:
15917:
15914:
15912:
15909:
15907:
15904:
15902:
15899:
15897:
15894:
15892:
15889:
15887:
15884:
15882:
15879:
15877:
15874:
15872:
15869:
15865:
15860:
15857:
15853:
15848:
15845:
15841:
15836:
15833:
15831:
15828:
15826:
15823:
15822:
15820:
15818:
15814:
15808:
15805:
15803:
15800:
15796:
15793:
15792:
15791:
15788:
15786:
15783:
15779:
15774:
15771:
15769:
15766:
15764:
15761:
15759:
15756:
15752:
15747:
15744:
15740:
15735:
15732:
15728:
15723:
15720:
15716:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15696:
15693:
15689:
15684:
15681:
15677:
15672:
15669:
15667:
15664:
15662:
15659:
15655:
15650:
15647:
15645:
15642:
15640:
15637:
15635:
15632:
15630:
15627:
15625:
15622:
15620:
15617:
15613:
15608:
15605:
15601:
15596:
15593:
15591:
15588:
15584:
15579:
15576:
15572:
15567:
15564:
15562:
15559:
15558:
15556:
15554:
15550:
15544:
15541:
15539:
15536:
15534:
15531:
15529:
15526:
15524:
15521:
15519:
15516:
15514:
15511:
15509:
15506:
15504:
15501:
15499:
15496:
15494:
15491:
15489:
15486:
15484:
15481:
15479:
15476:
15474:
15471:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15461:
15459:
15456:
15454:
15451:
15447:
15442:
15439:
15435:
15430:
15427:
15426:
15424:
15420:
15413:
15403:
15400:
15398:
15395:
15391:
15386:
15383:
15381:
15378:
15376:
15373:
15371:
15368:
15366:
15363:
15361:
15358:
15356:
15353:
15351:
15348:
15346:
15343:
15341:
15338:
15336:
15333:
15331:
15328:
15326:
15323:
15319:
15314:
15311:
15309:
15306:
15304:
15301:
15299:
15296:
15292:
15287:
15284:
15282:
15279:
15277:
15274:
15272:
15269:
15267:
15264:
15262:
15259:
15257:
15254:
15252:
15249:
15247:
15244:
15242:
15239:
15237:
15234:
15232:
15231:Ahl al-Khutwa
15229:
15227:
15224:
15223:
15221:
15217:
15212:
15205:
15200:
15198:
15193:
15191:
15186:
15185:
15182:
15172:
15168:
15162:
15151:
15148:
15145:
15142:
15139:
15136:
15133:
15130:
15127:
15124:
15121:
15118:
15115:
15112:
15109:
15106:
15103:
15100:
15097:
15094:
15091:
15088:
15085:
15082:
15081:
15079:
15075:
15068:
15065:
15062:
15059:
15056:
15053:
15050:
15047:
15046:
15044:
15040:
15033:
15030:
15027:
15024:
15021:
15018:
15015:
15012:
15009:
15006:
15003:
15000:
14997:
14994:
14991:
14988:
14985:
14984:Bishr al-Hafi
14982:
14979:
14976:
14975:
14973:
14971:3rd AH/9th AD
14969:
14962:
14959:
14956:
14953:
14950:
14947:
14944:
14941:
14938:
14935:
14932:
14929:
14926:
14925:Dawud al-Ta'i
14923:
14920:
14917:
14914:
14911:
14908:
14905:
14902:
14899:
14898:
14896:
14894:2nd AH/8th AD
14892:
14889:
14887:
14886:Notable Sufis
14883:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14838:
14836:
14834:
14830:
14824:
14821:
14819:
14816:
14814:
14811:
14809:
14806:
14804:
14801:
14799:
14796:
14794:
14791:
14789:
14786:
14784:
14781:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14765:
14763:
14759:
14753:
14750:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14713:
14710:
14708:
14705:
14703:
14700:
14699:
14697:
14693:
14688:
14676:
14671:
14670:
14666:
14662:
14657:
14656:
14652:
14648:
14643:
14642:
14638:
14634:
14629:
14628:
14624:
14620:
14615:
14614:
14610:
14605:
14604:
14600:
14596:
14591:
14590:
14586:
14582:
14577:
14576:
14572:
14568:
14563:
14562:
14558:
14554:
14549:
14548:
14544:
14540:
14535:
14534:
14530:
14526:
14521:
14520:
14519:Suhrawardiyya
14516:
14512:
14507:
14506:
14502:
14498:
14493:
14492:
14491:Naqshbandiyya
14488:
14484:
14479:
14478:
14474:
14473:
14471:
14469:
14465:
14461:
14454:
14449:
14447:
14442:
14440:
14435:
14434:
14431:
14417:
14411:
14407:
14406:
14400:
14396:
14391:
14387:
14381:
14377:
14373:
14370:(1964–2014).
14369:
14365:
14361:
14355:
14351:
14350:
14345:
14341:
14337:
14333:
14332:
14327:
14322:
14318:
14312:
14308:
14307:
14302:
14298:
14294:
14290:
14286:
14282:
14278:
14274:
14270:
14266:
14261:
14257:
14251:
14247:
14246:
14240:
14236:
14230:
14226:
14225:
14220:
14216:
14212:
14206:
14202:
14201:
14195:
14191:
14185:
14181:
14180:
14174:
14170:
14164:
14160:
14159:
14153:
14149:
14147:9781139828383
14143:
14139:
14134:
14130:
14124:
14120:
14115:
14111:
14105:
14101:
14100:
14095:
14091:
14087:
14081:
14077:
14076:
14071:
14067:
14063:
14059:
14054:
14053:
14032:
14028:
14022:
14008:
14004:
14000:
13999:
13994:
13987:
13971:
13967:
13963:
13957:
13950:
13944:
13929:
13928:
13923:
13916:
13908:
13904:
13900:
13894:
13890:
13883:
13869:
13865:
13861:
13857:
13851:
13843:
13836:
13829:
13824:
13816:
13815:
13808:
13792:
13788:
13781:
13767:
13763:
13757:
13750:
13746:
13739:
13733:, Diana Lobel
13732:
13727:
13712:
13706:
13702:
13701:
13693:
13678:
13672:
13668:
13667:
13659:
13651:
13645:
13641:
13640:
13632:
13617:
13611:
13607:
13606:
13598:
13583:
13577:
13573:
13572:
13564:
13549:
13543:
13539:
13538:
13530:
13515:
13509:
13505:
13504:
13496:
13480:
13479:
13471:
13456:
13450:
13446:
13445:
13437:
13430:
13425:
13418:
13414:
13410:
13404:
13397:
13392:
13385:
13380:
13372:
13368:
13364:
13360:
13356:
13352:
13345:
13329:
13325:
13318:
13299:
13295:
13288:
13281:
13265:
13261:
13257:
13251:
13235:
13231:
13230:The Economist
13227:
13221:
13205:
13201:
13194:
13178:
13174:
13170:
13164:
13157:
13151:
13143:
13137:
13134:. iUniverse.
13133:
13132:
13124:
13109:
13107:9780791415153
13103:
13099:
13098:
13090:
13075:
13071:
13069:9780804791281
13065:
13061:
13060:
13052:
13038:
13032:
13028:
13024:
13017:
13003:
12999:
12993:
12985:
12978:
12976:
12959:
12955:
12954:
12949:
12942:
12940:
12924:on 2013-05-30
12923:
12919:
12915:
12909:
12893:
12889:
12882:
12874:
12870:
12863:
12847:
12843:
12842:
12837:
12830:
12828:
12826:
12809:
12808:
12803:
12797:
12781:
12780:
12775:
12769:
12754:
12750:
12749:
12744:
12737:
12729:
12727:9781472569455
12723:
12719:
12715:
12714:
12709:
12708:Oliver Leaman
12703:
12695:
12693:9781405178440
12689:
12685:
12681:
12680:
12675:
12674:Andrew Rippin
12669:
12661:
12657:
12653:
12649:
12643:
12635:
12633:9781137561558
12629:
12625:
12621:
12617:
12613:
12612:
12604:
12596:
12594:9781134538959
12590:
12586:
12582:
12581:
12576:
12570:
12562:
12560:9780199359585
12556:
12552:
12548:
12547:
12542:
12536:
12528:
12526:9782745175960
12522:
12518:
12514:
12510:
12507:(in Arabic).
12506:
12505:
12500:
12494:
12487:
12483:
12481:9781935295914
12477:
12473:
12472:
12464:
12456:
12452:
12448:
12444:
12438:
12430:
12428:9789675062612
12424:
12420:
12416:
12412:
12411:
12406:
12400:
12393:
12391:
12390:Suhrawardiyya
12385:
12381:
12377:
12371:
12364:
12359:
12357:9789393701169
12353:
12349:
12345:
12341:
12340:
12332:
12324:
12322:9780415671101
12318:
12314:
12310:
12309:
12301:
12294:
12290:
12288:9781135029982
12284:
12280:
12276:
12275:
12270:
12264:
12256:
12254:9781135179601
12250:
12246:
12242:
12241:
12236:
12230:
12222:
12220:9780231531924
12216:
12212:
12208:
12204:
12203:
12198:
12192:
12184:
12182:9781135455965
12178:
12174:
12170:
12166:
12165:
12160:
12159:Josef W. Meri
12154:
12146:
12144:9780195328998
12140:
12136:
12132:
12131:
12126:
12120:
12112:
12110:9780755643387
12106:
12102:
12098:
12094:
12093:
12085:
12077:
12075:9789047432142
12071:
12067:
12063:
12062:
12054:
12046:
12042:
12040:9781786075260
12036:
12033:. p. 3.
12032:
12028:
12027:
12022:
12016:
12008:
12006:9781107018303
12002:
11998:
11994:
11993:
11988:
11981:
11973:
11969:
11965:
11961:
11957:
11956:
11948:
11940:
11936:
11930:
11922:
11918:
11912:
11903:
11896:
11890:
11883:
11878:
11870:
11866:
11865:
11857:
11849:
11845:
11841:
11839:0-203-59271-9
11835:
11831:
11830:
11822:
11814:
11810:
11806:
11802:
11795:
11793:
11784:
11783:
11776:
11768:
11762:
11758:
11757:
11749:
11747:
11737:
11728:
11719:
11710:
11701:
11692:
11683:
11675:
11669:
11665:
11658:
11650:
11644:
11640:
11633:
11625:
11623:9780195002454
11619:
11615:
11614:
11613:Mohammedanism
11606:
11598:
11596:9781136251603
11592:
11588:
11587:
11579:
11571:
11569:9781576073551
11565:
11561:
11560:
11552:
11537:
11533:
11527:
11512:
11508:
11502:
11487:. Shazuli.com
11486:
11480:
11472:
11460:
11446:
11445:
11438:
11430:
11426:
11423:. Ferozsons.
11422:
11415:
11408:
11404:
11400:
11394:
11379:
11375:
11369:
11362:
11356:
11349:
11343:
11336:
11330:
11322:
11310:
11302:
11300:9781107182011
11296:
11292:
11291:
11283:
11276:
11272:
11268:
11262:
11255:
11254:Schimmel 2013
11250:
11243:
11238:
11231:
11225:
11218:
11217:977-00-1830-9
11214:
11210:
11206:
11200:
11193:
11189:
11185:
11179:
11173:
11169:
11165:
11159:
11157:
11149:
11143:
11135:
11131:
11127:
11120:
11118:
11109:
11108:
11100:
11085:
11078:
11063:
11057:
11050:
11044:
11042:
11034:
11028:
11021:
11015:
11008:
11002:
10995:
10989:
10982:
10980:
10967:
10961:
10957:
10956:
10948:
10940:
10936:
10932:
10924:
10917:
10913:
10910:John Renard,
10907:
10899:
10895:
10889:
10875:on 2013-03-20
10874:
10870:
10864:
10856:
10854:9788124600429
10850:
10846:
10839:
10831:
10824:
10822:
10813:
10809:
10802:
10787:
10783:
10777:
10762:
10758:
10751:
10745:May 18, 2017.
10744:
10738:
10730:
10724:
10716:
10713:Abidin, Ibn.
10709:
10702:
10691:
10687:
10680:
10673:
10661:
10657:
10650:
10648:
10646:
10644:
10635:
10629:
10615:on 2012-12-21
10614:
10610:
10604:
10597:
10593:
10589:
10583:
10575:
10571:
10565:
10557:
10553:
10547:
10538:
10523:on 1997-05-29
10522:
10518:
10512:
10506:
10502:
10498:
10492:
10474:
10467:
10460:
10456:
10452:
10446:
10439:
10435:
10431:
10427:
10421:
10414:
10410:
10406:
10402:
10398:
10394:
10388:
10380:
10376:
10370:
10356:
10352:
10345:
10339:
10335:
10329:
10322:
10317:
10311:
10308:
10302:
10300:
10284:
10277:
10273:
10269:
10263:
10247:
10240:
10236:
10232:
10226:
10220:, p. 99.
10219:
10218:Schimmel 2013
10214:
10207:
10203:
10199:
10193:
10186:
10180:
10176:
10175:
10167:
10165:
10153:
10152:
10145:
10137:
10130:
10123:
10119:
10112:
10104:
10103:
10095:
10088:
10083:
10075:
10068:
10061:
10056:
10054:
10046:
10041:
10035:
10031:
10027:
10021:
10013:
10009:
10005:
10003:9781139056144
9999:
9995:
9988:
9981:
9975:
9968:
9964:
9960:
9954:
9946:
9940:
9936:
9935:
9927:
9919:
9913:
9909:
9904:
9903:
9897:
9896:Momen, Moojan
9891:
9889:
9881:
9877:
9873:
9869:
9865:
9859:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9839:
9831:
9825:
9821:
9820:
9812:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9782:
9775:
9770:
9763:
9758:
9751:
9746:
9740:
9739:9781134150618
9736:
9732:
9726:
9718:
9711:
9703:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9686:"ṢūfĪ Orders"
9680:
9678:
9676:
9668:
9662:
9646:
9640:
9624:
9618:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9597:
9590:
9586:
9582:
9576:
9569:
9563:
9556:
9550:
9543:
9539:
9535:
9531:
9527:
9523:
9519:
9513:
9505:
9499:
9491:
9487:
9481:
9475:, Jan. 5 2017
9474:
9468:
9461:
9455:
9448:
9442:
9440:
9432:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9411:
9397:on 2017-06-06
9396:
9392:
9388:
9386:
9378:
9376:
9368:
9362:
9360:
9352:
9346:
9338:
9332:
9328:
9327:
9319:
9313:
9309:
9305:
9299:
9292:
9291:9780300035315
9288:
9282:
9271:
9263:
9259:
9258:
9254:
9246:
9238:
9232:
9228:
9221:
9219:
9210:
9206:
9202:
9200:9781108582124
9196:
9192:
9188:
9184:
9177:
9175:
9165:
9157:
9151:
9147:
9143:
9137:
9122:
9121:
9114:
9106:
9100:
9093:
9088:
9086:
9084:
9082:
9080:
9078:
9076:
9067:
9061:
9057:
9056:
9048:
9041:
9036:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9015:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8994:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8970:Ibn Khallikan
8966:
8957:
8951:
8948:. Routledge.
8947:
8946:
8938:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8914:
8910:
8906:
8902:
8898:
8896:
8890:
8884:
8882:
8880:
8865:
8861:
8854:
8846:
8845:
8838:
8830:
8824:
8820:
8819:
8814:
8813:Nasr, Hossein
8808:
8801:
8800:Chittick 2007
8796:
8794:
8785:
8779:
8775:
8768:
8766:
8759:
8758:0-941532-68-2
8755:
8751:
8747:
8742:
8735:
8729:
8721:
8717:
8713:
8706:
8691:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8661:
8646:
8642:
8636:
8628:
8626:9781450554398
8622:
8618:
8617:
8609:
8595:
8591:
8585:
8577:
8570:
8562:
8560:9781930409231
8556:
8552:
8551:
8543:
8535:
8534:
8527:
8519:
8513:
8509:
8502:
8500:
8483:
8479:
8473:
8464:
8457:
8452:
8436:
8432:
8426:
8419:
8414:
8408:
8407:9789675062551
8404:
8400:
8396:
8390:
8388:
8381:, p. 22.
8380:
8379:Chittick 2007
8375:
8369:
8365:
8360:
8353:
8342:
8340:9781933316383
8336:
8332:
8331:
8326:
8322:
8315:
8308:
8302:
8295:
8289:
8282:
8276:
8268:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8231:
8224:
8218:
8216:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8193:
8189:
8185:
8181:
8177:
8173:
8166:
8158:
8156:90-04-14743-8
8152:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8119:
8112:
8106:
8097:
8090:
8088:9781135788438
8084:
8080:
8079:
8071:
8063:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8050:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8018:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7994:
7992:
7983:
7976:
7974:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7950:
7948:
7946:
7937:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7904:
7896:
7890:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7868:
7864:
7863:
7855:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7837:1-4175-0678-4
7833:
7829:
7825:
7819:
7817:
7809:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7774:
7768:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7752:
7750:
7735:
7731:
7725:
7717:
7711:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7689:
7686:. HarperOne.
7685:
7684:
7676:
7660:
7659:
7652:
7650:
7641:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7548:(1): 82–107.
7547:
7543:
7539:
7532:
7524:
7518:
7514:
7513:
7505:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7466:
7450:
7446:
7444:9780199340378
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7393:
7387:
7383:
7363:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7341:
7328:
7324:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7304:
7294:
7292:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7278:Chishti Order
7275:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7258:
7254:
7250:
7248:
7247:Shams Tabrizi
7244:
7240:
7236:
7235:Coleman Barks
7231:
7224:
7220:
7215:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7190:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7092:
7085:
7083:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7045:
7034:
7031:
7023:
7013:
7009:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6993:This section
6991:
6982:
6981:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6911:
6907:
6902:
6900:
6894:
6884:
6882:
6879:.", and that
6878:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6806:
6804:
6794:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6725:visitation to
6722:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6653:Sehwan Sharif
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6635:covering the
6634:
6629:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6580:
6577:
6572:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6486:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6470:
6467:
6462:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6402:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6389:Islamic world
6386:
6382:
6379:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6355:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6257:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6247:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6150:
6145:
6143:
6138:
6136:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6112:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6088:
6084:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6047:Anqa' Mughrib
6045:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6015:Notable works
6012:
6011:
6003:(d. 871/1466)
5999:
5994:
5991:
5988:(d. 748/1347)
5986:
5983:
5980:(d. 676/1277)
5978:
5975:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5957:
5954:
5951:(d. 805/1405)
5949:
5946:
5943:(d. 756/1355)
5941:
5938:
5935:(d. 660/1262)
5933:
5930:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5912:
5909:
5904:
5901:
5898:(d. 930/1524)
5896:
5893:
5890:(d. 902/1497)
5888:
5885:
5882:(d. 885/1480)
5878:
5873:
5870:
5867:(d. 874/1470)
5863:
5858:
5855:
5852:(d. 852/1449)
5850:
5847:
5842:
5839:
5836:(d. 832/1429)
5834:
5831:
5828:(d. 826/1423)
5824:
5819:
5816:
5813:(d. 808/1405)
5811:
5808:
5805:(d. 793/1390)
5803:
5800:
5797:(d. 736/1336)
5795:
5792:
5789:(d. 728/1328)
5787:
5784:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5749:
5746:
5743:(d.1362/1943)
5741:
5738:
5735:(d.1356/1937)
5733:
5730:
5723:
5718:
5715:
5710:
5707:
5702:
5699:
5694:
5691:
5686:
5683:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5663:
5660:
5655:
5652:
5647:
5644:
5639:
5636:
5631:
5628:
5623:
5620:
5615:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5601:(d. 974/1567)
5599:
5596:
5593:(d. 982/1574)
5591:
5588:
5585:(d. 973/1565)
5583:
5580:
5577:(d. 940/1534)
5575:
5572:
5569:(d. 926/1520)
5567:
5564:
5561:(d. 911/1505)
5559:
5556:
5553:(d. 907/1501)
5551:
5548:
5545:(d. 898/1492)
5543:
5540:
5537:(d. 885/1480)
5533:
5528:
5525:
5522:(d. 816/1413)
5520:
5517:
5512:
5509:
5506:(d. 764/1363)
5504:
5501:
5498:(d. 733/1333)
5494:
5489:
5486:
5483:(d. 730/1329)
5481:
5478:
5475:(d. 685/1286)
5473:
5470:
5467:(d. 651/1253)
5463:
5458:
5455:
5452:(d. 632/1234)
5450:
5447:
5444:(d. 606/1209)
5442:
5439:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5423:(d. 676/1277)
5421:
5418:
5415:(d. 672/1273)
5413:
5410:
5407:(d. 650/1252)
5405:
5402:
5399:(d. 643/1245)
5397:
5394:
5391:(d. 643/1245)
5389:
5388:Ibn al-Najjar
5386:
5383:(d. 637/1239)
5381:
5378:
5375:(d. 637/1239)
5371:
5366:
5363:
5360:(d. 636/1239)
5356:
5351:
5348:
5345:(d. 632/1235)
5343:
5340:
5337:(d. 613/1216)
5335:
5331:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5315:(d. 672/1274)
5313:
5310:
5307:(d. 614/1217)
5303:
5298:
5295:
5292:(d. 600/1203)
5288:
5283:
5280:
5277:(d. 599/1202)
5273:
5268:
5267:Ibn Abi Jamra
5265:
5262:(d. 597/1201)
5260:
5257:
5254:(d. 595/1198)
5252:
5249:
5246:(d. 594/1197)
5244:
5241:
5238:(d. 581/1185)
5236:
5233:
5230:(d. 581/1185)
5226:
5221:
5218:
5215:(d. 578/1183)
5213:
5212:Ibn Bashkuwal
5210:
5207:(d. 576/1180)
5205:
5202:
5199:(d. 571/1176)
5197:
5194:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5177:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5150:
5145:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5023:
5022:Qutb-ul-Madar
5019:
5015:
5006:
5004:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4966:Ahmad al-Buni
4963:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4886:Chishti order
4882:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4860:Imam Shadhili
4857:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4712:
4710:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4656:
4652:
4647:
4637:
4636:List of Sufis
4633:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4540:
4539:(physiognomy)
4538:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4524:consciousness
4521:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4451:Robert Frager
4447:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4434:(heart), and
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4343:
4335:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4243:Muslim saints
4240:
4231:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4187:Likewise, in
4185:
4183:
4179:
4176:, India; and
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4038:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4002:Ahmad Ghazali
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3926:. Sufi saint
3925:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3856:, as well as
3855:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3788:Mevlevi order
3785:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3757:Sufi whirling
3751:Sufi whirling
3747:
3745:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3664:Mevlevi order
3661:
3660:Sufi whirling
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3570:
3565:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3510:
3501:
3498:
3497:Fazlur Rahman
3494:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3435:Shamz Tabrizi
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3324:Amman Message
3320:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3283:jurisprudence
3280:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3227:
3226:Uttar Pradesh
3223:
3219:
3215:
3214:Salim Chishti
3210:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3133:Saadi Shirazi
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3067:instruction.
3064:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:According to
3037:
3035:
3025:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2996:Last Judgment
2993:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:Sheikh Mansur
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2844:Suhrawardiyya
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:Chishti Order
2805:
2801:
2800:Mevlevi Order
2797:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:jurisprudence
2734:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2711:Mevlevi Order
2707:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:Suhrawardiyya
2418:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2315:ibn Taymiyyah
2312:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:Suhrawardiyya
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1578:
1567:
1565:
1564:Islamic world
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1262:Military laws
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Proselytizing
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:Denominations
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
975:
971:
966:
965:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
926:
924:
923:
919:
917:
916:
912:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
896:
891:
890:
883:
881:
877:
875:
873:
869:
868:
864:
861:
859:
857:
853:
851:
849:
845:
843:
841:
837:
836:
832:
831:
826:
825:
820:
819:
815:
813:
812:
808:
807:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
788:
787:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
751:
746:
745:
738:
735:
734:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
707:
703:
700:
699:
696:
691:
690:
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
674:
670:
666:
665:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
633:
632:
629:
619:
618:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
556:
555:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
537:Notable early
535:
534:
531:List of sufis
528:
527:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
333:
328:
327:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
275:
274:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
105:
100:
98:
95:
94:
88:
87:
82:
74:
70:
69:
65:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:
35:
27:
19:
26092:Turkmenistan
26052:Saudi Arabia
25797:South Africa
25787:Sierra Leone
25592:Burkina Faso
25501:Names of God
25448:Unaffiliated
25403:Antireligion
25259:Universalism
25207:Assimilation
25072:Anthropology
24947:Supernatural
24942:Spirituality
24910:Sacred space
24898:Purification
24771:Denomination
24725: /
24533:Paleo-Balkan
24499:Mesopotamian
24334:Cook Islands
24305:Old Prussian
24218:UFO religion
24157:
24153:Zalmoxianism
24081:Neoshamanism
23938:Spiritualism
23821:Other ethnic
23710:
23536:Traditional
23496:Bongthingism
23365:Acoma Pueblo
23313:Mesoamerican
23022:Austronesian
22843:
22839:Neo-Buddhism
22771:
22767:Neo-Hinduism
22688:Swaminarayan
22526:
22475:Salvationist
22460:Confucianism
22311:Samaritanism
22281:Ali-Illahism
22262:
22215:
22129:
22123:Unitarianism
22064:Old Catholic
21871:Nestorianism
21829:Christianity
21816:
21782:Conservative
21573:Islamophobia
21438:Christianity
21386:
21319:Contemporary
21213:Architecture
21152:
21118:
21106:
21094:
21052:
21045:
21011:
20993:
20988:Nikah mut'ah
20986:
20979:
20972:
20965:
20958:
20951:
20915:
20903:
20896:
20889:
20882:
20862:
20855:
20848:
20841:
20754:
20536:
20477:
20401:
20383:
20376:
20320:
20313:
20306:
20299:
20292:
20285:Five Pillars
20262:
20228:
20217:God in Islam
20194:
20041:Other orders
19946: /
19939:Nur movement
19910: /
19867:Mirza Ghulam
19798:Tolu-e-Islam
19667:Galibi Order
19665: /
19650:Balım Sultan
19645:Babai revolt
19636:Qalandariyya
19634: /
19536:Mufaḍḍaliyya
19445:Jawārībīyya
19398:Umar ibn Zar
19367:Other Murjīs
19096:Bayhasīyyah
19013:Nuqta-yi Ula
18829:Pir Sadardin
18822: /
18736: /
18732: /
18649: /
18641: /
18628: /
18608: /
18604: /
18600: /
18457:Zayd ibn Ali
18407: /
18394: /
18345:Ilm al-Kalam
18258: /
18251:Ahl-i Hadith
18119:Umm al-kitab
18117:
18106:
18095:
18088:
18070:
18065:
18058:
18051:
18044:
18037:
18017:
18010:
18005:Fihi Ma Fihi
18003:
17996:
17989:
17982:
17975:
17968:
17961:
17954:
17947:
17940:
17933:
17673:Twelve Imams
17592:Ahl-i Hadith
17523:Ibnul Qayyim
17403:(Nazzāmīyya)
16884:Ibn al-Jawzi
16824:Al-Taftazani
16799:Al-Baqillani
16738:
16493:Sufism books
16492:
16144:Madih nabawi
15210:
15152:(d. 1354 AH)
15146:(d. 1350 AH)
15134:(d. 1300 AH)
15128:(d. 1287 AH)
15122:(d. 1278 AH)
15116:(d. 1277 AH)
15110:(d. 1118 AH)
15077:Sufi leaders
14813:Sufi studies
14667:
14653:
14641:Ba 'Alawiyya
14639:
14625:
14611:
14601:
14587:
14573:
14559:
14545:
14531:
14517:
14503:
14489:
14475:
14459:
14404:
14394:
14371:
14368:Shah, Idries
14348:
14336:the original
14329:
14305:
14268:
14264:
14244:
14223:
14219:Guénon, René
14199:
14178:
14161:. ABC-Clio.
14157:
14137:
14118:
14098:
14074:
14061:
14057:
14035:. Retrieved
14030:
14021:
14010:. Retrieved
13996:
13986:
13974:. Retrieved
13965:
13956:
13943:
13931:. Retrieved
13925:
13915:
13888:
13882:
13871:. Retrieved
13860:The Guardian
13859:
13850:
13835:
13823:
13813:
13807:
13795:. Retrieved
13790:
13780:
13769:. Retrieved
13765:
13756:
13748:
13744:
13738:
13730:
13726:
13714:. Retrieved
13699:
13692:
13680:. Retrieved
13665:
13658:
13638:
13631:
13619:. Retrieved
13604:
13597:
13585:. Retrieved
13570:
13563:
13551:. Retrieved
13536:
13529:
13517:. Retrieved
13502:
13495:
13483:. Retrieved
13477:
13470:
13458:. Retrieved
13443:
13436:
13428:
13424:
13408:
13403:
13391:
13379:
13354:
13350:
13344:
13332:. Retrieved
13317:
13305:. Retrieved
13293:
13280:
13268:. Retrieved
13259:
13250:
13238:. Retrieved
13229:
13220:
13208:. Retrieved
13193:
13181:. Retrieved
13163:
13155:
13150:
13130:
13123:
13111:. Retrieved
13096:
13089:
13078:. Retrieved
13058:
13051:
13040:, retrieved
13026:
13016:
13005:. Retrieved
13001:
12992:
12983:
12964:15 September
12962:. Retrieved
12951:
12926:. Retrieved
12922:the original
12908:
12896:. Retrieved
12891:
12886:Mir, Tariq.
12881:
12873:The Guardian
12872:
12862:
12852:15 September
12850:. Retrieved
12839:
12814:13 September
12812:. Retrieved
12805:
12796:
12786:13 September
12784:. Retrieved
12777:
12768:
12758:13 September
12756:. Retrieved
12746:
12736:
12712:
12702:
12678:
12668:
12660:the original
12651:
12642:
12610:
12603:
12579:
12569:
12545:
12535:
12503:
12493:
12485:
12470:
12463:
12455:the original
12446:
12437:
12409:
12399:
12387:
12384:the original
12379:
12370:
12361:
12338:
12331:
12307:
12300:
12292:
12273:
12269:A.J. Arberry
12263:
12239:
12229:
12201:
12191:
12163:
12153:
12129:
12119:
12091:
12084:
12060:
12053:
12025:
12015:
11991:
11980:
11960:Kuala Lumpur
11954:
11947:
11938:
11929:
11923:(in Arabic).
11921:اليوم السابع
11920:
11911:
11902:
11894:
11889:
11877:
11863:
11856:
11828:
11821:
11804:
11800:
11781:
11775:
11755:
11736:
11727:
11718:
11709:
11700:
11691:
11682:
11663:
11657:
11638:
11632:
11612:
11605:
11585:
11578:
11558:
11551:
11540:. Retrieved
11538:. 2011-12-19
11535:
11526:
11516:27 September
11514:. Retrieved
11510:
11501:
11489:. Retrieved
11479:
11448:. Retrieved
11443:
11437:
11420:
11414:
11393:
11381:. Retrieved
11377:
11368:
11360:
11355:
11347:
11342:
11334:
11329:
11289:
11282:
11266:
11261:
11249:
11237:
11229:
11224:
11208:
11204:
11199:
11183:
11178:
11163:
11147:
11142:
11125:
11106:
11099:
11088:. Retrieved
11077:
11066:. Retrieved
11056:
11048:
11032:
11027:
11019:
11014:
11006:
11005:J. van Ess,
11001:
10993:
10988:
10978:
10976:
10969:. Retrieved
10954:
10947:
10930:
10923:
10915:
10911:
10906:
10897:
10888:
10877:. Retrieved
10873:the original
10863:
10844:
10838:
10829:
10814:. Leicester.
10811:
10801:
10789:. Retrieved
10785:
10776:
10764:. Retrieved
10760:
10750:
10742:
10737:
10728:
10723:
10714:
10708:
10700:
10693:. Retrieved
10689:
10679:
10670:
10663:. Retrieved
10659:
10628:
10617:. Retrieved
10613:the original
10603:
10587:
10582:
10574:the original
10564:
10556:the original
10546:
10537:
10525:. Retrieved
10521:the original
10511:
10496:
10491:
10480:. Retrieved
10466:
10450:
10445:
10429:
10425:
10420:
10404:
10392:
10387:
10378:
10369:
10358:. Retrieved
10354:
10344:
10337:
10333:
10328:
10316:
10310:
10306:
10286:. Retrieved
10282:
10262:
10250:. Retrieved
10245:
10225:
10213:
10197:
10192:
10173:
10157:, p. 91
10150:
10144:
10135:
10129:
10121:
10117:
10111:
10101:
10099:Arabi, Ibn,
10094:
10082:
10073:
10067:
10040:
10025:
10020:
9993:
9987:
9979:
9974:
9958:
9953:
9933:
9926:
9901:
9879:
9867:
9863:
9858:
9843:
9838:
9822:. Lulu.com.
9818:
9811:
9799:. Retrieved
9795:the original
9790:
9781:
9769:
9757:
9745:
9730:
9725:
9716:
9710:
9702:the original
9693:
9666:
9661:
9649:. Retrieved
9639:
9627:. Retrieved
9617:
9601:
9596:
9580:
9575:
9567:
9562:
9554:
9549:
9533:
9521:
9512:
9498:
9480:
9472:
9467:
9459:
9454:
9446:
9430:
9417:
9410:
9399:. Retrieved
9395:the original
9390:
9384:
9366:
9350:
9345:
9325:
9318:
9303:
9298:
9281:
9270:the original
9261:
9256:
9252:
9245:
9226:
9182:
9164:
9145:
9136:
9125:. Retrieved
9119:
9113:
9099:
9054:
9047:
9035:
9019:
9014:
8998:
8993:
8965:
8944:
8937:
8904:
8900:
8894:
8868:, retrieved
8863:
8853:
8843:
8837:
8817:
8807:
8773:
8749:
8746:Imam Birgivi
8741:
8733:
8728:
8720:the original
8715:
8705:
8693:. Retrieved
8670:
8660:
8650:27 September
8648:. Retrieved
8644:
8635:
8615:
8608:
8597:. Retrieved
8593:
8584:
8575:
8569:
8549:
8542:
8532:
8526:
8507:
8486:. Retrieved
8482:the original
8472:
8463:
8455:
8451:
8439:. Retrieved
8435:the original
8425:
8417:
8413:
8394:
8374:
8359:
8350:
8344:. Retrieved
8329:
8314:
8306:
8301:
8293:
8288:
8280:
8275:
8240:
8230:
8222:
8171:
8165:
8128:
8118:
8105:
8096:
8077:
8070:
8061:
8040:the original
8035:
8008:the original
8003:
7981:
7964:the original
7959:
7917:
7913:
7903:
7861:
7854:
7827:
7806:
7800:. Retrieved
7796:
7761:
7737:. Retrieved
7733:
7724:
7682:
7675:
7663:. Retrieved
7657:
7611:
7545:
7541:
7531:
7511:
7504:
7479:
7475:
7465:
7453:. Retrieved
7418:
7413:(May 2015).
7386:
7344:
7325:
7306:
7272:
7260:
7251:
7242:
7227:
7187:
7186:
7173:
7160:
7158:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7136:Judeo-Arabic
7133:
7123:
7118:
7112:
7107:
7097:
7093:11 (6): 258.
7090:
7079:
7071:
7053:
7049:
7047:
7026:
7017:
6994:
6967:
6960:Ibn al-Arabi
6949:
6914:
6909:
6908:in his book
6903:
6896:
6881:Ibn al-Farid
6867:
6835:
6808:
6799:
6763:
6756:
6750:
6740:
6704:
6666:
6640:
6588:
6569:
6559:
6547:
6516:
6497:
6478:
6459:
6446:
6394:
6371:
6352:
6332:
6320:
6308:
6298:
6279:Qūt al-Qulūb
6277:
6254:
6249:
6212:
6198:
6193:
6183:
6177:
6171:
6164:Al Akbariyya
6158:
6110:
6086:
6043:
6024:
5802:Al-Taftazani
5786:Ibn Taymiyya
5759:
5646:Niyazi Misri
5630:Kâtip Çelebi
5511:Haydar Amuli
5342:Ibn al-Farid
5259:Ibn al-Jawzi
5167:
5090:
5068:
5026:
5021:
5012:
5001:
4976:
4973:Ahmed Tijani
4971:
4964:Sufi master
4955:
4936:
4929:
4919:
4896:Gharīb Nawāz
4895:
4890:
4870:Hizb al-Bahr
4869:
4863:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4836:
4820:
4816:
4807:
4782:
4737:
4718:
4707:
4687:
4677:
4660:
4617:
4616:
4605:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4588:
4587:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4517:
4507:
4506:
4499:
4495:
4487:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4462:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4410:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4379:
4376:Risale-i Nur
4365:
4354:
4352:
4344:
4340:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4256:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4229:
4218:
4216:
4186:
4152:, Pakistan;
4115:
4088:Maruf Karkhi
4082:(d. 777-81)
4068:
4063:
4062:and certain
4036:
4022:
4021:
4009:
3956:
3928:Amir Khusrau
3921:
3911:
3910:For example
3909:
3902:
3900:
3891:Sulaymaniyah
3884:
3858:Sunni Muslim
3847:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3827:Solar System
3812:
3808:
3795:
3791:
3773:
3771:
3743:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3696:Dhikr-e-Qulb
3694:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3576:
3575:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3525:Hadith Qudsi
3523:
3520:
3513:
3492:
3490:
3474:
3447:
3443:
3404:
3394:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3279:ilm al-bātin
3278:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3192:
3186:
3174:
3170:
3169:, wrote the
3160:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3130:
3110:
3092:
3069:
3065:
3044:
3041:Moojan Momen
3038:
3030:
3010:
3003:
2989:
2983:
2944:
2920:Amadou Bamba
2913:
2874:
2866:Muizz Street
2856:
2832:Qalandariyya
2824:Ni'matullāhī
2804:Ba 'Alawiyya
2785:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2715:Pascal Sébah
2696:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2633:Blagaj Tekke
2615:Central Asia
2583:
2568:
2520:
2414:
2396:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2290:
2279:
2274:Monar Jonban
2211:Qalandariyya
2159:Ba 'Alawiyya
2156:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2054:
2021:
2016:
2006:back to the
1977:
1935:
1888:
1884:
1869:
1849:
1844:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1733:
1726:Ahl al-Ṣuffa
1723:
1719:al-Rudhabari
1718:
1706:
1702:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1664:)", and the
1657:
1649:
1647:
1635:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1597:
1573:
1542:
1487:
1412:
1386:spirituality
1382:purification
1329:
1328:
1237:Islamophobia
1099:
1016:Demographics
1011:Circumcision
927:
920:
913:
879:
871:
855:
847:
839:
828:
822:
816:
809:
474:Ni'matullāhī
439:Sülaymaniyya
424:Maizbhandari
63:
26:
26747:Sunni Islam
26543:New Zealand
26480:Saint Lucia
26430:El Salvador
26335:Switzerland
26270:Netherlands
26042:Philippines
25970:South Korea
25965:North Korea
25855:Afghanistan
25802:South Sudan
25692:Ivory Coast
25476:Deification
25423:Objectivism
25398:Agnosticism
25351:Persecution
25341:Video games
25306:Populations
25217:Proselytism
25185:Monasticism
25176:Clericalism
25166:Agriculture
25157:and society
25122:Soteriology
25082:Comparative
25052:Transtheism
25037:Panentheism
24821:Monasticism
24614:Gallo-Roman
24516:Micronesian
24482:Manichaeism
24425:Hermeticism
24393:Continental
24388:Anglo-Saxon
24268:Paleolithic
24263:Prehistoric
24213:Scientology
24076:Italo-Roman
23931:Radha Soami
23911:New Thought
23751:Espiritismo
23692:Waaqeffanna
23632:Fon and Ewe
23570:Sub-Saharan
23453:Satsana Phi
23220:Ghost Dance
23178:Californian
23146:Anishinaabe
23072:Karo Pemena
23051:Indonesian
22725:Lingayatism
22673:Mahanubhava
22643:Vaishnavism
22574:Jeungsanism
22497:Folk Taoism
22480:Xiantiandao
22334:Zoroastrian
21993:Charismatic
21988:Pentecostal
21951:Anglicanism
21902:Waldensians
21837:Catholicism
21443:Catholicism
21338:Other areas
21329:Theological
21324:Eschatology
21281:Mathematics
21218:Calligraphy
21148:Theological
21102:Inheritance
21019:Cleanliness
20391:Shi'a Imams
20385:Ahl al-Bayt
19992:Rashid Rida
19840:Independent
19825:Edip Yüksel
19788:Ahle Qur'an
19739:Nazzāmīyya
19736:Ikhshīdiyya
19723:Huzaylīyya
19714:Bahshamiyya
19690:Mā’marīyya
19682:Rationalism
19632:Malamatiyya
19552:Mānsūrīyya
19498:Khaṭṭābiyya
19429:Mu'shabbiha
19389:Sābit Kutna
19322:Sawbānīyya
19306:Gassānīyya
19290:Gaylānīyya
19284:Other sects
19079:Sa'labīyyah
19076:Maymunīyyah
19053:Arbitration
18935:Khurramites
18899:Sam‘ānīyya
18672:Bābā Rexheb
18602:Shah Ismail
18422:Millî Görüş
18340:Ahl ar-Ra'y
18282:Al-Uthaymin
18203:Kullabiyya
18181:Sunni Islam
18082:Independent
17926:Sunni books
17750:Shaykh Tusi
17723:Ali al-Hadi
17713:Ali al-Rida
17650:Yasir Qadhi
17555:Al-Uthaymin
17545:Rashid Rida
17540:Al-Shawkani
17436:(Jāhizīyya)
17421:(Jubbāīyya)
17325:Jawālikīyya
17179:Ali al-Qari
17094:Al-Sarakhsi
17080:Al-Maturidi
16954:Al-Sha'rani
16934:Ibn Khaldun
16809:Al-Qushayri
16771:Theologians
16752:Metaphysics
16658:Eschatology
16625:Theologians
16260:Jama masjid
16204:Sufi poetry
16135: [
16096:Sufi orders
16077: [
15991:Misconducts
15968: [
15936: [
15924: [
15862: [
15850: [
15838: [
15776: [
15749: [
15737: [
15725: [
15713: [
15686: [
15674: [
15652: [
15610: [
15598: [
15581: [
15569: [
15444: [
15432: [
15388: [
15375:Sufis ranks
15316: [
15289: [
15241:Bash Hezzab
15213:terminology
15126:Imam Shamil
15104:(d. 886 AH)
15098:(d. 642 AH)
15092:(d. 630 AH)
15086:(d. 589 AH)
15069:(d. 380 AH)
15063:(d. 386 AH)
15057:(d. 334 AH)
15051:(d. 303 AH)
15034:(d. 295 AH)
15022:(d. 283 AH)
15010:(d. 258 AH)
15004:(d. 253 AH)
14998:(d. 245 AH)
14992:(d. 243 AH)
14986:(d. 227 AH)
14963:(d. 200 AH)
14957:(d. 194 AH)
14951:(d. 188 AH)
14945:(d. 181 AH)
14939:(d. 180 AH)
14933:(d. 177 AH)
14927:(d. 165 AH)
14921:(d. 161 AH)
14915:(d. 160 AH)
14909:(d. 128 AH)
14903:(d. 110 AH)
14818:Sufi poetry
14633:Bayram Wali
14603:Khalwatiyya
14575:Shadhiliyya
14468:Sufi orders
13485:27 December
12928:24 February
12898:20 February
12097:I.B. Tauris
11807:: 384–402.
11666:. OUP USA.
11403:Hasan Basri
11399:Rabia Basri
11397:Meeting of
11031:B. Radtke,
10660:TheSunniWay
10355:Symbol Sage
10087:Gamard 2004
10076:, p. 4
9040:Glassé 2008
7411:Cook, David
7303:Islamic art
7196:during the
7178:brotherhood
6869:Idries Shah
6733:Sufi saints
6707:puritanical
6673:persecution
6651:located in
6574: [
6521: [
6502: [
6492:al-Qushayri
6483: [
6464: [
6399: [
6376: [
6357: [
6327:al-Qushayri
6282: [
6259: [
6031: [
5996: [
5956:Al-Shawkani
5875: [
5860: [
5821: [
5810:Ibn Khaldun
5748:Al-Kawthari
5720: [
5701:Ibn 'Abidin
5673: [
5622:Mulla Sadra
5582:Al-Sha'rani
5530: [
5491: [
5460: [
5368: [
5353: [
5300: [
5285: [
5270: [
5223: [
5196:Ibn 'Asakir
5174: [
5147: [
5134: [
4846:dhikr jahri
4842:Shadhiliyya
4551:inspiration
4482:(unveiling)
4146:Ali Hujwari
3485:Linxia City
2956:René Guénon
2952:Ivan Aguéli
2936:Imam Shamil
2928:West Africa
2877:Janissaries
2840:Shadhiliyya
2517:Idries Shah
2365:Sirri Saqti
2297:and modern
2203:Nimatullahi
1964:Sufi orders
1829:Ali Hujwiri
1738:Abu Hurayra
1674:Ibn Khaldun
1670:Al-Qushayri
1570:Definitions
1518:Sunni Islam
1506:Islamic law
1408: 1760
1369:al-Taṣawwuf
915:Ahl al-Bayt
800:Foundations
605:Persecution
332:Sufi orders
241:Sufi poetry
26736:Categories
26533:Micronesia
26410:Costa Rica
26305:San Marino
26265:Montenegro
26245:Luxembourg
26102:Uzbekistan
26077:Tajikistan
25982:Kyrgyzstan
25955:Kazakhstan
25905:East Timor
25875:Bangladesh
25865:Azerbaijan
25782:Seychelles
25747:Mozambique
25732:Mauritania
25717:Madagascar
25607:Cape Verde
25389:irreligion
25384:Secularism
25286:Minorities
25254:Toleration
25249:Syncretism
25234:Fanaticism
25224:Disability
25212:Missionary
25202:Conversion
25190:Ordination
25112:Psychology
25107:Philosophy
25047:Polytheism
25027:Monotheism
25022:Henotheism
24863:Orthopraxy
24853:Ordination
24816:Meditation
24811:Indigenous
24776:Entheogens
24761:Conversion
24587:Pueblo III
24504:Babylonian
24494:Melanesian
24415:Gnosticism
24300:Lithuanian
24193:Fourth Way
24047:Circassian
24025:Dievturība
23948:Tensegrity
23881:Falun Gong
23526:Sanamahism
23506:Donyi-Polo
23094:Polynesian
23040:Kaharingan
22965:Burkhanism
22904:Ravidassia
22882:Śvetāmbara
22668:Pushtimarg
22648:Krishnaism
22584:Vietnamese
22569:Cheondoism
22502:Yao Taoism
22438:East Asian
22204:Isma'ilism
22160:Maturidism
21939:Mennonites
21934:Hutterites
21919:Anabaptism
21812:Humanistic
21503:Ex-Muslims
21388:Shu'ubiyya
21382:Psychology
21370:Literature
21360:Inventions
21306:Philosophy
21114:Leadership
21090:Honorifics
20745:Philosophy
20552:Isma'ilism
20513:Maturidism
20396:Caliphates
20367:Golden Age
20258:Revelation
20036:Süleymancı
19944:Said Nursî
19903:Mahdavīyya
19854:Messianism
19758:Sumamīyya
19748:Hābītīyya
19641:Baba Ishak
19583:Saba'īyya
19570:Mukhāmmīsa
19561:Mughīrīyya
19548:Ghurābīyya
19510:Bāzīghiyya
19478:Bārāq Bābā
19457:Hulmānīyya
19354:Ziyādīyya
19346:Ubaydīyya
19338:Shamrīyya
19330:Sālehīyya
19314:Tūmanīyya
19298:Yūnusīyya
19259:Sauwāqīyya
19235:Hakāiqīyya
19219:Karrāmīyya
19209:Hanafiyyah
19063:Kharijites
19001:Nuktawiyya
18952:al-Muqanna
18930:Muḥammirah
18918:Abu Muslim
18914:Rezāmīyya
18889:Hārithīyya
18881:Janāhiyya
18871:Hashimiyya
18845:Kaysanites
18792:Badakhshan
18725:Qarmatians
18712:Batiniyyah
18692:Isma'ilism
18663:Demir Bābā
18658:Baktāshism
18651:Bektashism
18630:ibn Nusayr
18626:al-Khaṣībī
18610:Kul Nesîmî
18606:Pir Sultan
18511:Khalafiyya
18506:Dukayniyya
18440:Shia Islam
18382:Maturidism
18304:Madkhalism
18207:Ibn Kullab
18030:Shia books
17580:Madkhalism
17480:Najjārīyya
17370:al-Qībtī (
17344:Karramiyya
17340:Ibn Karram
17296:Mu'jassimā
17184:Al-Maydani
17174:Ali Qushji
17099:Al-Bazdawi
17075:Maturidism
17060:Al-Shafi'i
16929:Al-Baydawi
16889:Qadi Ayyad
16864:Ibn Tumart
16819:Al-Ghazali
16804:Al-Juwayni
16794:Al-Bayhaqi
16785:al-Ash'ari
16757:Philosophy
16678:Philosophy
16426:Prayer rug
16189:Sufi music
16049:Hizb Rateb
16027:Ceremonies
15795:Zarruqiyya
15503:Ismul Azam
14627:Bayramiyya
14613:Rahmaniyya
14505:Chishtiyya
14037:2020-01-15
14031:mstv.co.in
14012:2020-01-15
13873:2017-05-05
13771:2021-04-18
13113:17 January
13080:2019-01-02
13042:2022-04-30
13007:2022-04-30
12380:anqa.co.uk
12363:regularly.
12095:. London:
11972:B005JNAG7A
11542:2021-04-18
11450:2021-04-18
11378:Qalandaria
11090:2020-12-30
11068:2020-12-30
10898:ejtaal.net
10879:2018-10-09
10812:Darul Ifta
10619:2009-03-26
10570:"Muraqaba"
10482:2020-02-08
10379:sunnah.com
10360:2022-12-03
10060:Ernst 2010
10045:Ernst 2010
9750:Babou 2007
9696:. Oxford:
9401:2017-06-04
9127:2021-06-12
9028:1403960275
9001:, pg. 58.
8870:2024-02-16
8678:. p.
8599:2017-05-12
8397:, pg. 56.
8346:2017-06-24
7881:1091678717
7865:. London.
7802:2018-06-26
7739:2023-09-19
7331:References
7323:in Islam.
7297:Visual art
7239:Elif Şafak
7209:Literature
7194:Kabbalists
7129:Maimonides
7100:Al-Kusajri
7042:See also:
7004:improve it
6891:See also:
6873:Suhrawardi
6617:See also:
6339:al-Ghazali
6295:al-Ghazali
6230:asceticism
6199:Ana-l-Haqq
6160:Ibn 'Arabi
5985:Al-Dhahabi
5926:Ex-critics
5480:Al-Qashani
5472:Al-Baydawi
5334:al-'Adil I
5243:Abu Madyan
5078:Ibn 'Arabi
5045:pilgrimage
5003:al-Ghazali
4998:Al-Ghazālī
4920:Sulh-e-Kul
4904:Baba Farid
4759:Burhaniyya
4657:dictionary
4630:See also:
4501:At-Tajalli
4496:At-Tahlili
4372:Said Nursi
4285:, also in
4178:Shah Jalal
4160:Pakistan;
4130:Afāq Khoja
4098:Visitation
4086:(d. 801),
4078:(d. 729),
4074:(d. 728),
3780:meditation
3735:meditation
3693:is called
3672:meditation
3640:recitation
3493:neo-Sufism
3465:Neo-Sufism
3361:Tajikistan
3197:role model
3150:Ilahi-nama
3057:Shi'i Imam
3034:Divine Law
2816:Naqshbandi
2758:Grand Imam
2693:Modern era
2643:cliff, in
2619:South Asia
2589:tribes of
2495:order was
2493:Shadiliyya
2485:Chishtiyya
2475:order was
2453:Shadiliyya
2445:Chishtiyya
2291:pure Islam
2239:Tijaniyyah
2215:Rahmaniyya
2199:Naqshbandi
2171:Burhaniyya
2152:Twelverism
2144:Isma'ilism
2135:(singular
2100:Naqshbandi
2085:attributes
1850:Historian
1630:Nile Green
1626:monotheism
1545:modern era
1522:Shia Islam
1394:asceticism
1349:al-Ṣūfiyya
1105:Philosophy
842:(exegesis)
779:Pilgrimage
769:Almsgiving
600:Sufi music
369:Suhrawardi
359:Naqshbandi
26651:Venezuela
26596:Argentina
26513:Australia
26465:Nicaragua
26440:Guatemala
26240:Lithuania
26062:Sri Lanka
26057:Singapore
26037:Palestine
25925:Indonesia
25915:Hong Kong
25737:Mauritius
25458:Overviews
25413:Criticism
25366:Sectarian
25356:Terrorism
25331:Theocracy
25276:Happiness
25244:Pluralism
25229:Education
25155:Religion
25127:Salvation
25117:Sociology
25062:Religious
25042:Pantheism
25032:Nontheism
24925:Mountains
24903:Sacrifice
24858:Orthodoxy
24848:Mythology
24843:Mysticism
24732:Behaviour
24641:Canaanite
24624:Mithraism
24592:Pueblo IV
24582:Pueblo II
24487:Mazdakism
24457:Hungarian
24430:Mysteries
24339:Dravidian
24121:Hungarian
24037:Caucasian
24008:Godianism
23968:Agni Yoga
23958:Theosophy
23921:Rastafari
23896:Modekngei
23876:Brahmoism
23869:Syncretic
23861:movements
23859:religious
23771:Quimbanda
23719:Candomblé
23712:Diasporic
23491:Bathouism
23481:Benzhuism
23401:Tsimshian
23328:Purépecha
23266:Longhouse
23224:Sun Dance
23173:Blackfoot
23161:Wabunowin
23156:Midewiwin
23077:Malaysian
23067:Kapitayan
22877:Digambara
22862:Ayyavazhi
22827:Vajrayana
22792:Theravada
22705:Ganapatya
22678:Ramanandi
22607:Hoahaoism
22485:Yiguandao
22380:Yarsanism
22375:Shabakism
22362:Yazdânism
22352:Zurvanism
22347:Mazdaznan
22306:Rastafari
22301:Mandaeism
22175:Wahhabism
22155:Ash'arism
22118:Tolstoyan
22108:Spiritual
22098:Mormonism
22069:Judaizers
22042:Quakerism
22020:Methodist
22010:Irvingism
21961:Calvinism
21914:Adventism
21897:Moravians
21734:Abrahamic
21620:Symbolism
21578:Incidents
21556:Criticism
21448:Mormonism
21345:Astrology
21271:Cosmology
21266:Astronomy
21208:Arabesque
21075:Etiquette
21034:Blasphemy
20824:Economics
20639:Ahmadiyya
20581:Muhakkima
20528:Wahhabism
20518:Mu'tazili
20503:Ash'arism
19964:Modernism
19896:Sabbatean
19884:Kabbalist
19862:Ahmadiyya
19793:Kala Kato
19766:Kā‘bīyya
19697:Bishriyya
19677:Muʿtazila
19610:al-Juhani
19603:Qadariyah
19473:Kalandars
19453:Hāshwīyya
19341:Abū Shamr
19274:Zarībīyya
19271:Wāhidīyya
19262:Sūramīyya
19256:Razīnīyya
19232:Dhīmmīyya
19201:Hasan ibn
19175:Wahbiyyah
19122:Abu Qurra
19048:Muhakkima
18992:Hurufiyya
18979:Mahdiists
18894:Riyāhīyya
18875:Hārbīyya
18816:Aga Khans
18811:Assassins
18774:Sulaymani
18738:ad-Darazi
18676:Hārābātīs
18593:Qizilbash
18586:Shaykhism
18462:Jarudiyya
18373:Al-Ahbash
18354:Ash'arism
18287:Al-Albani
18267:Wahhabism
18112:Ahmadiyya
18053:Al-Khisal
17963:Al-Irshad
17918:Key books
17565:Al-Albani
17533:Wahhabism
17387:Mu'tazila
17376:Qadariyah
17254:Mu'attila
17169:Ibn Kemal
17164:Khidr Bey
17044:Hanafiyah
16979:Al-Bahūtī
16974:Ibn Ashir
16939:Ibn Arafa
16834:Ibn Furak
16829:Al-Maziri
16780:Ash'arism
16747:Cosmology
16724:Cosmology
16719:Astronomy
16691:Education
16436:Tagelmust
16431:Qashabiya
16406:Jellabiya
16310:Mausoleum
16003:Rahbaniya
15817:Waridates
15634:Muraqabah
15629:Muhasabah
15313:Mutahaqiq
15108:Aurangzeb
14978:Al-Darani
14727:Muraqabah
14695:Practices
14669:Idrisiyya
14655:Tijaniyya
14595:Ibn Arabi
14589:Akbariyya
14561:Desuqiyya
14547:Badawiyya
14533:Rifa'iyya
14477:Qadiriyya
14372:The Sufis
14064:(1): 184.
14007:0362-4331
13933:April 29,
13868:0261-3077
13844:. SFGate.
13828:Shah 1970
13797:26 August
13716:7 January
13682:7 January
13621:7 January
13587:7 January
13553:7 January
13519:7 January
13460:7 January
13384:Shah 1970
12585:Routledge
12313:Routledge
12279:Routledge
12245:Routledge
12173:Routledge
11939:Arab News
11491:13 August
11469:ignored (
11429:977150850
11319:ignored (
11309:cite book
10527:26 August
10426:certainty
10012:742957142
9801:26 August
9293:|4/8/2015
9209:211657444
9105:"Barelvi"
8929:166309522
8921:0887-7653
8488:13 August
8441:13 August
8318:Compare:
8206:1874-6691
7936:2690-3741
7889:cite book
7710:cite book
7702:191932004
7562:0585-5292
7488:0578-8072
7455:4 January
7378:Citations
7241:'s novel
7104:Al-Harawi
7020:July 2017
7008:verifying
6906:Al-Biruni
6819:Nasreddin
6721:Wahhabism
6602:Reception
6412:aphorisms
6184:ʿubudiyya
5977:Al-Nawawi
5558:Al-Suyuti
5503:Al-Safadi
5312:Ibn Malik
5059:Ibn Arabi
5018:Madariyya
4988:Aïn Madhi
4981:Tijaniyya
4757:order or
4755:Desuqiyya
4694:Jerusalem
4418:(both an
4348:theophany
4323:madrassas
4232:, pl. of
4168:, India;
4136:, China;
4080:Dawud Tai
4033:, plural
3959:harmonium
3850:Qadiriyya
3784:Dervishes
3719:Murāqabah
3491:The term
3481:Ma Laichi
3317:tahaqqaqa
3313:tafassaqa
3309:tazandaqa
3293:Qadi Iyad
3189:Ibn Arabi
3167:Al-Busiri
3138:Ibn Arabi
3084:mysticism
3019:Teachings
2828:Qadiriyya
2820:Mujaddidi
2473:Qadiriyya
2437:Rifa'iyya
2429:Qadiriyya
2207:Qadiriyya
2195:Muridiyya
2187:Madariyya
2183:Kubrawiya
2163:Badawiyya
2148:Safaviyya
1891:Dawud Tai
1644:Etymology
1638:mysticism
1560:Wahhabism
1554:(such as
1390:ritualism
1363:romanized
1343:romanized
1225:terrorism
1177:Criticism
1130:Sexuality
1100:Mysticism
1070:Festivals
1050:Education
1045:Economics
981:Academics
937:Caliphate
750:Practices
504:Issawiyya
479:Qalandari
444:Salihiyya
339:Ba 'Alawi
299:Muraqabah
278:Practices
26714:Religion
26677:Category
26641:Suriname
26631:Paraguay
26616:Colombia
26523:Kiribati
26450:Honduras
26420:Dominica
26395:Barbados
26360:Scotland
26320:Slovenia
26315:Slovakia
26290:Portugal
26160:Bulgaria
26082:Thailand
26032:Pakistan
26012:Mongolia
26007:Maldives
26002:Malaysia
25890:Cambodia
25837:Zimbabwe
25812:Tanzania
25662:Ethiopia
25657:Eswatini
25637:Djibouti
25602:Cameroon
25587:Botswana
25531:Timeline
25526:Scholars
25486:Founders
25346:Violence
25301:Politics
25171:Business
25134:Theology
24878:Prophecy
24868:Paganism
24756:Covenant
24723:Apostasy
24658:Scythian
24599:Rapa Nui
24553:Thracian
24548:Illyrian
24538:Albanian
24509:Sumerian
24467:Illinois
24447:Harappan
24398:Frankish
24383:Germanic
24378:Georgian
24371:Selk'nam
24356:Etruscan
24344:Egyptian
24322:Druidism
24285:Armenian
24208:Satanism
24188:Eckankar
24111:Estonian
24096:Romanian
24086:Ossetian
24066:Germanic
24015:Armenian
24004:African
23997:paganism
23926:Sant Mat
23916:Rajneesh
23891:Meivazhi
23886:Japanese
23843:Siberian
23776:Santería
23746:Convince
23612:Bushongo
23516:Kiratism
23443:Hmongism
23392:Wocekiye
23293:Jivaroan
23249:Cherokee
23244:Iroquois
23239:Ho-Chunk
23128:American
23099:Hawaiian
23012:Sarnaism
22982:Tungusic
22970:Tengrism
22960:Mongolic
22889:Sarnaism
22820:Nichiren
22797:Mahayana
22784:Buddhism
22762:Sant Mat
22752:Sauraism
22747:Smartism
22742:Shaktism
22735:Balinese
22720:Kaumaram
22715:Kapalika
22710:Kashmiri
22695:Shaivism
22635:Hinduism
22602:Caodaism
22546:Ryukyuan
22541:Tenrikyo
22536:Shugendō
22514:Japanese
22385:Yazidism
22370:Ishikism
22248:Quranism
22221:Khawarij
22170:Salafism
22165:Atharism
22054:Esoteric
22025:Holiness
22015:Lutheran
21976:Reformed
21956:Baptists
21929:Brethren
21893:Hussites
21881:Assyrian
21797:Haymanot
21751:Orthodox
21700:Religion
21658:Category
21551:Islamism
21534:Muhammad
21490:Apostasy
21465:Hinduism
21355:Feminism
21286:Medicine
21126:Military
21080:Gambling
21029:Apostasy
21024:Criminal
20936:Marriage
20905:Tayammum
20857:Murabaha
20730:Madrasas
20720:Holidays
20710:Clothing
20705:Children
20700:Calendar
20651:Quranism
20585:Khawarij
20557:Alawites
20508:Atharism
20402:Rashidun
20241:In Islam
20236:Muhammad
20081:Tawakkul
20048:Tawassul
20010:Taṣawwuf
19932:doctrine
19780:Quranism
19574:Namiriya
19203:Muḥāmmad
19196:Murji'ah
18910:Rawendis
18833:Satpanth
18754:Musta'li
18749:Fatimids
18647:Hurufism
18634:Alawites
18539:Sects in
18531:Mahdiist
18467:Batriyya
18413:Deobandi
18364:Shafi'is
18299:Jihadism
18246:Salafism
18214:Hanbalis
18195:Atharism
18108:Malfūzāt
18046:Al-Amali
17643:Hazimism
17355:Murji'ah
17279:Jahmīyya
17267:Mu'jbira
16859:Ibn Aqil
16446:Tarboosh
16401:Gandoura
16396:Djellaba
16013:Taqabbur
15763:Tawassul
15758:Tawakkul
15422:Concepts
15340:Qalandar
15303:Muqarrab
15298:Muqaddam
15281:Marabout
14866:Al-Burda
14752:Tawakkul
14747:Tabarruk
14742:Tawassul
14737:Tazkiyah
14346:(1996).
14303:(2013).
14293:26296782
14285:27513026
14221:(2001).
14096:(1995).
14072:(2007).
13907:70825403
13419:page 141
13328:Archived
13298:Archived
13264:Archived
13234:Archived
13204:Archived
13177:Archived
13074:Archived
12958:Archived
12846:Archived
12807:Geo News
12616:New York
12543:(2014).
12419:Malaysia
12415:Selangor
12407:(2018).
12271:(2013).
12207:New York
12199:(2013).
11848:57176198
11813:44147203
10690:askmufti
10598:, p. 77.
10274:(1368).
10237:(1368).
9898:(1985).
9787:"Sufism"
9490:Archived
9144:(2004).
9003:Berkeley
8891:(2015).
8815:(1993).
8668:(2014).
8645:Alim.org
8323:(2007).
7846:55505825
7826:(2002).
7793:"Sufism"
7759:(1993).
7610:(eds.).
7570:43577536
7496:20839016
7449:Archived
7174:Tasawwuf
7162:Hasidism
7114:Perushim
7087:—
6933:Muraqaba
6839:humanism
6717:Salafism
6677:violence
6426:and the
6203:apostasy
6083:Category
5971:Neutrals
5895:Ibn Iyas
5327:Students
5190:Teachers
5087:Akbarism
5069:a series
5066:Part of
5053:Makanpur
4962:Algerian
4681:—
4674:, Iraq:
4611:tazkiyah
4609:al nafs/
4455:Khalwati
4370:scholar
4363:orders.
4361:Shadhili
4281:or درگه
4277:: درگاه
4207:Miracles
4056:miracles
4037:ʾawliyāʾ
3944:manqabat
3852:and the
3796:semazens
3731:muraqaba
3709:Muraqaba
3703:Muraqaba
3585:for all
3551:occasion
3351:Tomb of
3305:tasawwuf
3212:Tomb of
3106:Muhammad
3080:metaphor
3076:allegory
2992:Paradise
2940:Caucasus
2909:mystical
2742:theology
2719:Istanbul
2682:Istanbul
2611:Anatolia
2593:and the
2554:and the
2544:Jahangir
2349:Hanbalis
2341:tasawwuf
2330:tasawwuf
2307:Tasawwuf
2249:orders.
2247:Zahabiya
2231:Shadhili
2179:Khalwati
2167:Bektashi
2104:Abu Bakr
2042:khanqahs
2011:Muhammad
1845:Tasawwuf
1833:Tasawwuf
1708:tazkiyah
1703:tasawwuf
1614:tasawwuf
1610:Muhammad
1604:and the
1591:'Sufism'
1577:tasawwuf
1556:Salafism
1514:theology
1502:legalism
1455:Muhammad
1338:الصوفية
1271:Glossary
1247:Jihadism
1220:Violence
1215:Islamism
1186:Muhammad
1172:Apostasy
1115:Politics
1065:Feminism
1060:Exorcism
1021:Diaspora
1006:Children
1001:Calendar
929:Rashidun
907:Muhammad
902:Timeline
863:Mathnawi
725:Prophets
669:a series
667:Part of
464:Shattari
429:Malamati
379:Khalwati
364:Shadhili
344:Bektashi
314:Whirling
284:Anasheed
211:Qalandar
79:Tomb of
53:a series
51:Part of
26700:Portals
26646:Uruguay
26621:Ecuador
26601:Bolivia
26578:Vanuatu
26505:Oceania
26455:Jamaica
26435:Grenada
26390:Bahamas
26350:England
26340:Ukraine
26295:Romania
26255:Moldova
26215:Ireland
26210:Iceland
26205:Hungary
26195:Germany
26185:Finland
26180:Estonia
26175:Denmark
26170:Czechia
26165:Croatia
26150:Belgium
26145:Belarus
26140:Austria
26135:Andorra
26130:Albania
26107:Vietnam
26017:Myanmar
25992:Lebanon
25910:Georgia
25870:Bahrain
25860:Armenia
25822:Tunisia
25792:Somalia
25777:Senegal
25762:Nigeria
25752:Namibia
25742:Morocco
25707:Liberia
25702:Lesotho
25652:Eritrea
25622:Comoros
25597:Burundi
25572:Algeria
25516:Outline
25481:Deities
25408:Atheism
25321:Science
25239:Freedom
25097:History
25064:studies
25017:Dualism
25007:Animism
24972:Worship
24952:Symbols
24893:Liturgy
24806:Goddess
24766:Deities
24747:Laicism
24737:Beliefs
24716:Aspects
24688:Zapotec
24683:Vainakh
24651:Yahwism
24636:Semitic
24565:Iranian
24462:Hurrian
24452:Hittite
24442:Guanche
24435:Orphism
24366:Fuegian
24361:Finnish
24349:Atenism
24295:Latvian
24280:Arabian
24223:Raëlism
24203:Jediism
24198:Goddess
24171:De novo
24059:Druidry
23953:Thelema
23906:New Age
23791:Umbanda
23682:Tumbuka
23667:Odinala
23652:Lugbara
23572:African
23538:African
23486:Bimoism
23476:Burmese
23308:Mapuche
23286:Wyandot
23229:Guarani
23210:Choctaw
23205:Chilote
23141:Alaskan
23136:Abenaki
23087:Tagalog
23060:Kejawèn
22909:Sikhism
22872:Jainism
22832:Tibetan
22815:Amidism
22683:Warkari
22597:Đạo Mẫu
22447:Chinese
22429:Eastern
22406:Roshani
22325:Iranian
22233:Alevism
22226:Ibadism
22199:Zaydism
21876:Ancient
21847:Eastern
21807:Renewal
21792:Karaite
21773:Zionist
21761:Hasidic
21743:Judaism
21725:Western
21605:Nursing
21566:Qutbism
21480:Sikhism
21475:Judaism
21470:Jainism
21460:Druzism
21296:Physics
21243:Pottery
21228:Gardens
21223:Carpets
21138:Slavery
21060:Divorce
21047:Dhabiĥa
20875:Hygiene
20850:Takaful
20832:Banking
20762:Science
20756:Qurbani
20725:Mosques
20685:Animals
20674:Culture
20608:Nukkari
20603:Azzabas
20590:Azariqa
20574:Zaydism
20562:Alevism
20438:Ottoman
20428:Almohad
20423:Fatimid
20418:Córdoba
20413:Abbasid
20408:Umayyad
20341:Leaders
20336:History
20294:Shahada
20209:Beliefs
20130:Shafi'i
20120:Hanbali
20086:Tewafuq
20066:Sadaqah
20027:Barelvi
20018:Ṭarīqah
19872:Qadiani
19845:beliefs
19620:Alevism
19467:Dimashq
19253:Nūnīyya
19247:Maʿīyya
19207:ibn al-
19182:Azzabas
19143:Ibadism
19131:Nukkari
19085:Azariqa
19070:Ajardi
19017:Bábīyya
18923:Sunpadh
18855:Mukhtār
18820:Nizaris
18795:Alevism
18769:Dawoodi
18759:Tayyibi
18721:Sevener
18700:Fathite
18574:Akhbari
18569:Ja'fari
18556:Twelver
18535:Shi'ite
18472:Imamate
18449:Zaydism
18400:Barelvi
18387:Hanafis
18359:Malikis
18328:Maqrizi
18277:Ibn Baz
18236:Zahiris
17998:Masnavi
17550:Ibn Baz
17364:Dimashq
17064:Shafi‘i
16994:'Illish
16729:Physics
16711:Science
16534:Masnavi
16441:Taqiyah
16416:Misbaha
16391:Burnous
16374:Objects
16325:Musalla
16305:Maqbara
16295:Madrasa
16285:Külliye
16280:Khanqah
16275:Khalawi
16255:Gongbei
16159:Qawwali
16149:Nasheed
16132:Ashewiq
16116:Ziyarat
16091:Silsila
16018:Zandaqa
15977:Walayah
15955:Tajalli
15911:Ma'rifa
15896:Karamat
15876:Hidayah
15830:Basirah
15825:Barakah
15768:Tazkiah
15746:Tawajud
15734:Takhlia
15705:Tafakur
15666:Salawat
15473:Ghaflah
15355:Rabbani
15308:Murshid
15286:Mudaqiq
15276:Majzoob
15246:Dervish
14783:Karamat
14717:Ziyarat
14049:Sources
13334:26 June
13307:26 June
13270:26 June
13240:26 June
13210:26 June
13183:26 June
12748:Reuters
12513:Lebanon
11383:15 July
10791:12 June
10766:12 June
10695:12 June
10672:intent.
10665:12 June
9880:silsila
9692:(ed.).
9009:, 2007.
8960:, p. 32
8895:Awiliyā
8866:, Brill
8352:Sufism.
8327:(ed.).
8239:(ed.).
8127:(ed.).
7734:Amaliah
7291:Prophet
7204:Culture
7170:Hasidic
7002:Please
6943:to the
6929:Samadhi
6780:in the
5420:Baybars
4992:Algeria
4829:order.
4796:Hanbali
4792:Baghdad
4788:Hanbali
4761:order.
4655:Persian
4653:from a
4619:Barakah
4490:Tajalli
4458:Jerrahi
4422:in the
4401:latâ'if
4368:Ottoman
4318:khanqah
4308:ziyarat
4303:dervish
4293:) is a
4287:Punjabi
4275:Persian
4263:Shrines
4252:charism
4239:karāmah
4230:karāmāt
4219:karamat
4213:Karamat
4197:Tariqah
4134:Kashgar
4132:, near
3975:qawwali
3948:marsiya
3923:dargahs
3913:Qawwali
3868:Singing
3838:tennure
3800:Persian
3798:, from
3786:of the
3676:ecstasy
3668:incense
3662:of the
3648:Qawwali
3644:singing
3587:Muslims
3487:, China
3476:gongbei
3370:Urs of
3337:tazkiah
3261:maqāmāt
3228:, India
3142:fardiya
3072:parable
3053:wilayah
2948:Swedish
2938:in the
2901:Senegal
2897:Albania
2848:Saifiah
2812:Jerrahi
2777:Hanbali
2769:Shafi’i
2721:, 1870)
2686:hospice
2670:khanqah
2641:karstic
2623:Ottoman
2587:Senussi
2579:Senegal
2575:Balkans
2563:Persian
2559:James I
2513:Saladin
2509:Ghazali
2477:Hanbali
2455:(after
2451:), the
2447:(after
2443:), the
2439:(after
2435:), the
2431:(after
2423:(after
2401:Isfahan
2345:shaykhs
2227:Senussi
2223:Safavid
2191:Mevlevi
2175:Chishti
2132:murīdīn
2127:murshid
2123:ḥaqīqah
2115:tarîqât
2034:zawiyas
2026:majalis
1931:tazkiah
1796:Ṣahabah
1791:
1784:بَيْعَة
1769:Muslims
1759:Origins
1748:History
1585:
1461:tazkiya
1416:صُوفِيّ
1372:) is a
1365::
1358:التصوف
1345::
1142:Slavery
1125:Science
1080:Madrasa
1075:Finance
986:Animals
974:society
970:Culture
942:Imamate
922:Sahabah
895:History
865:(Poems)
850:(creed)
774:Fasting
702:Oneness
695:Beliefs
610:Ziyarat
595:History
585:Ma'rifa
547:Singers
509:Jerrahi
499:Inayati
459:Mevlevi
454:Kubrawi
449:Azeemia
434:Mouridi
419:Jelveti
414:Bayrami
404:Darqawi
384:Rahmani
354:Chishti
319:Ziyarat
304:Qawwali
256:Tazkiah
221:Silsila
196:Murshid
181:Ma'rifa
161:Karamat
116:Dervish
41:Tazkiah
26742:Sufism
26687:Portal
26626:Guyana
26606:Brazil
26573:Tuvalu
26470:Panama
26460:Mexico
26405:Canada
26400:Belize
26330:Sweden
26310:Serbia
26300:Russia
26285:Poland
26280:Norway
26260:Monaco
26230:Latvia
26225:Kosovo
26200:Greece
26190:France
26122:Europe
26087:Turkey
26072:Taiwan
25977:Kuwait
25950:Jordan
25940:Israel
25900:Cyprus
25885:Brunei
25880:Bhutan
25832:Zambia
25827:Uganda
25767:Rwanda
25722:Malawi
25682:Guinea
25672:Gambia
25577:Angola
25564:Africa
25373:Wealth
25316:Schism
25271:Growth
25195:Priest
25180:Clergy
24999:Theism
24982:Nature
24977:Astral
24920:Groves
24888:Ritual
24873:Prayer
24831:Novice
24781:Ethnic
24706:Topics
24678:Urartu
24673:Tongan
24668:Somali
24663:Slavic
24543:Dacian
24317:Celtic
24312:Basque
24290:Baltic
24141:Udmurt
24106:Uralic
24101:Slavic
24054:Celtic
24042:Abkhaz
24030:Romuva
24020:Baltic
23995:Modern
23838:Papuan
23801:Voodoo
23756:Kumina
23697:Yoruba
23687:Urhobo
23657:Maasai
23642:Lotuko
23590:Baluba
23580:Akamba
23553:Berber
23511:Heraka
23501:Dongba
23387:Lakota
23360:Pueblo
23355:Pawnee
23345:Navajo
23335:Muisca
23303:Lenape
23281:Seneca
23271:Mohawk
23193:Ohlone
23168:Apache
23151:Ojibwe
23126:Native
22992:Manchu
22987:Evenki
22948:Altaic
22939:Ethnic
22914:Khalsa
22867:Kalash
22757:Śrauta
22626:Indian
22556:Korean
22522:Shinto
22492:Taoism
22465:Luoism
22291:Baháʼí
22286:Bábism
22238:Ahmadi
22216:Sufism
22209:Alawis
21859:Church
21787:Reform
21768:Modern
21756:Haredi
21417:
21375:poetry
21185:
21070:Ethics
21054:Dhimmi
21013:Baligh
20974:Mahram
20931:Family
20911:Toilet
20891:Miswak
20644:Lahori
20627:Najdat
20523:Salafi
20473:Seerah
20468:Tafsir
20463:Hadith
20433:Sokoto
20378:Sahaba
20253:Angels
20230:Tawhid
20187:topics
20135:Zahiri
20125:Maliki
20115:Hanafi
20091:Thawab
20071:Sunnah
19996:Other
19952:Hizmet
19916:Zikris
19887:Dönmes
19877:Lahori
19843:Muslim
19663:Rifa`i
19608:Ma'bad
19490:Tajsīm
19438:Tamsīl
19165:Ifrani
19105:Najdat
19008:Shayki
18977:Other
18945:Mazyar
18824:Khojas
18802:Nizari
18781:Hafizi
18742:Druzes
18723:
18667:Alians
18621:Ghulat
18101:Alawis
17368:Nabati
17333:Abdals
17315:Juzjan
17054:Maliki
16739:Sufism
16663:Ethics
16650:Aqidah
16642:Fields
16621:Fields
16451:Turban
16421:Miswak
16411:Khirqa
16386:Balgha
16381:Ammama
16365:Zawiya
16355:Turbah
16320:Mosque
16290:Kuttab
16270:Khalwa
16250:Gonbad
16245:Eidgah
16235:Dargah
16223:Places
16111:Wezeea
16106:Tweeza
16101:Tariqa
16086:Sebiba
16064:Mawsim
16059:Mawlid
16054:Idjaza
16039:Bay'ah
16034:Ashura
15960:Thawab
15950:Secret
15933:Rabita
15906:Khatir
15891:Ishrak
15871:Haqiqa
15847:Djadba
15790:Wazifa
15722:Tahlia
15710:Tahara
15683:Shuhud
15624:Lazimi
15619:Latifa
15607:Ichara
15566:Djamaa
15543:Yaqeen
15429:Aayane
15380:Talibe
15370:Siddiq
15365:Sheikh
15271:Khatib
15261:Hezzab
15211:Sufism
15171:Portal
15049:Ruwaym
14722:Mawlid
14460:Sufism
14412:
14382:
14356:
14313:
14291:
14283:
14252:
14231:
14207:
14186:
14165:
14144:
14125:
14106:
14082:
14005:
13976:1 July
13972:. 2020
13905:
13895:
13866:
13707:
13673:
13646:
13612:
13578:
13544:
13510:
13451:
13415:
13371:598339
13369:
13326:. FP.
13138:
13104:
13066:
13033:
12753:London
12724:
12690:
12630:
12618:: The
12591:
12557:
12523:
12509:Beirut
12478:
12425:
12354:
12319:
12285:
12251:
12217:
12179:
12169:London
12141:
12107:
12072:
12037:
12003:
11970:
11846:
11836:
11811:
11763:
11670:
11645:
11620:
11593:
11566:
11427:
11297:
11273:
11244:Lataif
11215:
11205:jadhba
11190:
11170:
10962:
10851:
10634:"None"
10594:
10503:
10457:
10436:
10411:
10399:
10288:14 May
10252:14 May
10204:
10181:
10032:
10010:
10000:
9965:
9941:
9914:
9874:
9850:
9826:
9737:
9608:
9587:
9540:
9528:
9333:
9310:
9289:
9264:]
9233:
9207:
9197:
9152:
9062:
9026:
8952:
8927:
8919:
8825:
8780:
8756:
8695:4 June
8686:
8623:
8557:
8514:
8405:
8337:
8263:
8245:Boston
8204:
8194:
8176:Leiden
8153:
8135:Leiden
8085:
7934:
7879:
7869:
7844:
7834:
7808:times.
7769:
7700:
7690:
7665:29 May
7658:Tariqa
7636:
7618:Leiden
7568:
7560:
7519:
7494:
7486:
7441:
7423:Oxford
7321:martyr
7223:Turkey
7182:sheikh
7167:Jewish
7068:Hebrew
6941:tariqa
6939:, and
6937:Dhyana
6823:Seljuk
6752:bid‘ah
6739:, and
6700:jurist
6697:Shiite
6683:. The
6649:shrine
6453:Qur'an
6432:tawhid
6428:Sunnah
6424:Qur'an
6218:Sheikh
6173:tawhid
6109:
6085:
6081:
6042:
6023:
5758:
5166:
5089:
5049:Medina
5033:Aleppo
4827:Qadiri
4822:tafsir
4817:hadith
4808:hadith
4778:Shiraz
4728:Sunnah
4724:Bastam
4591:Sheikh
4558:Marifa
4537:Farasa
4381:sunnah
4356:jadhba
4313:Dargah
4295:shrine
4283:dargah
4279:dargâh
4270:dargah
4247:karama
4227:کرامات
4223:Arabic
4201:Mawlid
4182:Sylhet
4158:Multan
4150:Lahore
4104:Ziyara
4064:hadith
4052:saints
4043:أولياء
4027:Arabic
4012:(1552)
3999:mystic
3981:Saints
3967:dholak
3952:ghazal
3854:Chisti
3804:سماعزن
3680:trance
3678:, and
3591:hadith
3539:aqidah
3423:Nizami
3411:Rudaki
3381:sharia
3287:Maliki
3267:tawhid
3245:haqiqa
3239:tariqa
3234:sharia
3155:sunnah
3078:, and
2980:Multan
2930:, and
2893:Kosovo
2885:Cyprus
2852:Uwaisi
2792:Alians
2773:Maliki
2765:Hanafi
2666:zawiya
2649:Bosnia
2617:, and
2605:, and
2501:Hanafi
2497:Maliki
2491:; the
2489:Hanafi
2417:orders
2337:sharia
2287:Spirit
2243:Uwaisi
2219:Rifa'i
2119:tariqa
2113:, pl.
2111:tariqa
2067:hadith
1982:tariqa
1970:Tariqa
1958:Ruwaym
1899:sunnah
1841:Sheikh
1825:hadith
1821:Sahaba
1817:Shaykh
1813:bayʿah
1780:Arabic
1730:suffah
1606:sunnah
1429:tariqa
1392:, and
1374:mystic
1354:Arabic
1334:Arabic
1330:Sufism
1196:Hadith
1110:Poetry
1090:Mosque
1055:Ethics
880:Sharia
848:Aqidah
840:Tafsir
824:Hadith
818:Sunnah
762:Prayer
713:Angels
580:Haqiqa
575:Tariqa
570:Sharia
565:Tawhid
519:Zahedi
514:Madari
489:Galibi
484:Akbari
469:Uwaisi
409:Senusi
399:Tijani
394:Desuqi
389:Badawi
374:Rifa`i
349:Qadiri
266:Yaqeen
176:Manzil
171:Lataif
141:Haqiqa
64:Sufism
26726:Islam
26611:Chile
26568:Tonga
26558:Samoa
26548:Palau
26538:Nauru
26445:Haiti
26365:Wales
26325:Spain
26250:Malta
26220:Italy
26112:Yemen
26067:Syria
26047:Qatar
26022:Nepal
25997:Macau
25960:Korea
25945:Japan
25920:India
25895:China
25807:Sudan
25757:Niger
25712:Libya
25697:Kenya
25677:Ghana
25667:Gabon
25642:Egypt
25582:Benin
25491:Index
25462:lists
25326:State
25144:Women
25012:Deism
24987:Place
24967:Water
24962:Truth
24930:Trees
24786:Faith
24751:Laity
24646:Punic
24604:Roman
24570:Vedic
24528:Olmec
24410:Greek
24403:Norse
24327:Irish
24148:Wicca
23943:Subud
23833:Inuit
23806:Winti
23796:Vodou
23761:Obeah
23741:Comfa
23724:Bantu
23677:Serer
23662:Mbuti
23622:Dogon
23617:Dinka
23600:Kongo
23595:Bantu
23521:Qiang
23416:Yaqui
23382:Sioux
23318:Aztec
23234:Haida
23188:Miwok
23183:Kuksu
23104:Māori
23035:Dayak
22956:Turko
22919:Sects
22855:Other
22810:Thiền
22394:Other
22296:Druze
22274:Other
22150:Sunni
22142:Islam
21924:Amish
21842:Latin
21539:Quran
21419:Other
21314:Early
21238:Music
21154:Kalam
21108:Jizya
21096:Hudud
20981:Nikah
20898:Najis
20884:Ghusl
20843:Sukuk
20772:Women
20740:Music
20715:Flags
20620:Sufri
20613:Wahbi
20598:Ibadi
20498:Sunni
20458:Quran
20315:Zakat
20301:Salah
20264:Qadar
20222:Allah
20185:Islam
20076:Taqwa
19465:ī ad-
19463:Fāris
19117:Sufri
18940:Babak
18764:Alavi
18730:Hamza
18688:Imami
18579:Usuli
18552:Imami
18543:Islam
18527:Imami
18309:Sahwa
17372:Murjī
17366:ī an-
17317:ī al-
17308:Balkh
17032:Sunni
17029:Early
16701:Peace
16696:Logic
16668:Kalam
16629:Books
16501:Books
16360:Türbe
16350:Takya
16345:Surau
16340:Ribat
16335:Rauza
16330:Qubba
16315:Mazar
16300:Maqam
16230:Daara
16154:Naʽat
16139:]
16081:]
16074:Sbooa
16069:Salka
16044:Haḍra
16008:Shath
15982:Warid
15972:]
15945:Ru'ya
15940:]
15928:]
15921:Qabdh
15901:Kashf
15886:Irfan
15881:Ilham
15866:]
15854:]
15842:]
15780:]
15753:]
15741:]
15729:]
15717:]
15695:Shukr
15690:]
15678:]
15656:]
15649:Sahar
15614:]
15602:]
15595:Ibara
15585:]
15578:Djoua
15573:]
15561:Dhikr
15553:Awrad
15513:Maqam
15493:Ihsan
15483:Hijab
15463:Dhawq
15458:Baqaa
15448:]
15436:]
15402:Wasil
15392:]
15360:Salik
15345:Qāriʾ
15325:Murid
15320:]
15293:]
15256:Hafiz
15251:Fakir
15226:Abdal
15219:Sufis
14808:Salik
14803:Murid
14793:Dhawq
14778:Kashf
14768:Ihsan
14761:Ideas
14732:Taqwa
14707:Haḍra
14702:Dhikr
14289:S2CID
14281:JSTOR
13367:JSTOR
13301:(PDF)
13290:(PDF)
12344:India
11809:JSTOR
11401:with
10971:2 May
10476:(PDF)
10279:(PDF)
10242:(PDF)
10155:(PDF)
9819:Islam
9688:. In
9651:2 May
9629:2 May
9273:(PDF)
9266:(PDF)
9260:[
9205:S2CID
8978:Paris
8925:S2CID
7566:JSTOR
7492:JSTOR
7336:Notes
7219:Konya
7154:Egypt
7082:Torah
7066:into
7058:, of
6956:baqaa
6925:Fanaa
6774:Sinai
6766:Egypt
6758:shirk
6742:dhikr
6637:grave
6633:Ḍarīẖ
6578:]
6525:]
6506:]
6487:]
6468:]
6416:Allah
6403:]
6380:]
6361:]
6286:]
6263:]
6226:Egypt
6222:Luxor
6095:Media
6035:]
6000:]
5879:]
5864:]
5825:]
5724:]
5677:]
5534:]
5495:]
5464:]
5372:]
5357:]
5304:]
5289:]
5274:]
5227:]
5178:]
5151:]
5138:]
5035:to a
5029:Syria
4912:Ajmer
4865:hizbs
4850:dhikr
4798:law.
4698:Basra
4690:death
4672:Basra
4607:Jihad
4546:Ilham
4529:Maqam
4513:maqam
4480:Kashf
4299:saint
4235:کرامة
4174:Delhi
4166:Ajmer
4142:Sindh
4126:Kulob
4060:Quran
4048:saint
3995:saint
3963:tabla
3940:na'at
3842:hırka
3809:kemal
3691:dhikr
3687:dhikr
3656:dance
3626:dhikr
3622:dhikr
3615:dhikr
3611:dhikr
3603:dhikr
3599:dhikr
3595:dhikr
3583:Quran
3578:Dhikr
3564:Dhikr
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