31:
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763:, which met in the Cabinet Room of the White House. President Truman became a close personal friend of Blaustein, often asking him to report directly to him after his foreign trips and advise him on international and domestic issues. In the fall of 1945, President Truman made a personal visit to the Blaustein's Baltimore farm and estate, Alto Dale.
414:
and other minority crimes taking place around the world. During the war, Blaustein was also the acting chairman of the marketing committee of the U.S. Petroleum
Administration for War, and a member of its committees on supplies, distribution, and joint use of facilities. Blaustein was a key member of
880:
In 1957, the Jacob & Hilda
Blaustein Family Foundation was established to disburse much of Blaustein's wealth through a variety of charitable, educational, and civic causes, in addition to supporting Israeli democracy, international human rights initiatives, and American Jewish education. The
362:
In 1931, Blaustein established the
American Trading And Production Corporation (ATAPCO) which was formed to consolidate and diversify the family's business activities and investments. These additional building holdings included manufacturing companies, tankers and oil wells, real estate holdings,
659:
During his time as leader of the AJC, the organization took the position that fighting prejudice towards Jews in the United States could best be achieved by working to advance equality of all
Americans. Blaustein commissioned social science research into the causes of and solutions to address
296:
In 1910 when he was 18 years old, Blaustein and his father started the
American Oil Company (AMOCO) in Baltimore, which was formally incorporated in 1922. At the time of incorporation, Blaustein held a 25% equity stake in the company to his father's 75%. One of their first employees was
482:
in order to help with individual claims. The organization functioned for a period of 15 years from 1951 to 1966. Through negotiations, a total sum of $ 845 million direct and indirect compensations was disbursed. In 1956, Blaustein testified regarding the organization's progress to the
803:
in
November 1963, Blaustein was re-appointed to his federal posts by the new President Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson also appointed Blaustein to serve as a member of the President's Commission on Marine Science, Engineering and Resources, and as a trustee of the
766:
In 1948, when
President Truman was debating whether to seek election as president, he called in six people to advise him, with Mr. Blaustein among the selected advisors. Blaustein's long association with Truman continued when he served as a trustee of the
532:
and promoted tolerance among religious groups. Blaustein participated in a number of peacekeeping missions and negotiations on behalf of the United States government. Blaustein was an astute and trusted dealmaker and undertook diplomatic missions to
709:
loans to Israel, and economic grants-in-aid for Israel from the United States. After completing his term as AJC president, Blaustein was appointed as an honorary president from 1954 until his death in 1970.
793:
on
International Business, met with him on multiple occasions to seek his advice on foreign and domestic policy matters, Middle East refugee crises, and invited him to multiple state dinners.
1424:"Memorandum of Conversation with Jacob Blaustein, Adolph Held, Nahum Goldman, Frank Goldman, Israel Goldstein, Moses A. Leavitt, Seymour J. Rubin, and Geoffrey W. Lewis | Harry S. Truman"
1751:
The Speech, and Its
Context: Jacob Blaustein's Speech "The Meaning of Palestine Partition to American Jews" Given to the Baltimore Chapter, American Jewish Committee, February 15, 1948
1549:
623:
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Blaustein remained in his leadership role as president and board chairman of AMOCO until his death in 1970, when he was succeeded in the role by his son Dr. Morton
Blaustein.
1525:
626:, a role that was created by the United Nations in 1993, over 23 years after his death and 30 years after he publicly called for the position in a December 1963 speech.
588:
502:
Blaustein was an influential leader within the United Nations from its inception through the rest of his life. In March 1945, just one month before his death, President
1775:
665:
608:
2484:"Jacob Blaustein created an oil empire; Amoco founder: He built a global giant, helped launch Charles Center and served as U.S. diplomat.; MARYLANDERS OF THE CENTURY"
698:, ensuring that American Jews did not maintain allegiance to Israel, but instead would support the state through international cooperation, exchange, and education.
978:
which works to fight religious intolerance, end discrimination, and advocate for the rights of the Jewish community and other marginalized groups around the world.
471:
where he advocated for the strengthening of human rights clauses in the treaties and the inclusion of guarantees to aid victims of persecution through reparations.
430:
83:
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989:
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During the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower, Blaustein served as a member of the United States delegation to the UN. He continued in the role during the
2587:
45:
1229:
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484:
1896:
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2339:"Collection: Collected personal and business papers of Louis and Jacob Blaustein | Johns Hopkins University Libraries Archives Public Interface"
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1940:
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309:
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1384:"Three Monumental Jewish Pioneers: Levi Straus, Abraham Schreiner and Jacob Blaustein - Aish.com Movers & Shakers, Featured, History"
706:
645:
573:
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Federal Oceanic and Atmospheric Organization: Hearings, Ninety-first Congress, First and Second Sessions, on S. 2841 ... and S. 2802 ...
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which served as a trusted advisor to the federal government on petroleum and gas matters of international significance during the war.
1550:"Unveiling of Single Form sculpture on 11 June 1964 - statements by U Thant, Blaustein, Hepworth, Astrom and D'Harnoncourt - UNARMS"
2917:
261:
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790:
583:, and he accompanied him on a number of diplomatic missions. Blaustein served as a conduit between Hammarskjöld and Israel during
2580:
2099:
688:
577:
2244:
928:
Blaustein was a recipient of numerous awards and honors, both during his life and posthumously. In 1951, Blaustein received the
2962:
673:
2125:"Events: **13 November 1961, Dinner, Governor and Mrs. Luis Muñoz MarĂn of Puerto Rico [1 of 2 folders] | JFK Library"
1811:“David Ben-Gurion and Jacob Blaustein Agree that American Jewry’s Prime Loyalty Is to the United States, August 23, 1950,” in
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1179:
1880:
1759:
1732:
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1458:
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2460:"Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights | UIA Yearbook Profile | Union of International Associations"
964:
596:
375:
1990:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The Near and Middle East, Volume IX, Part 1 - Office of the Historian"
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met with Blaustein and appointed him to represent the United States as a consultant delegate at the founding meetings and
221:(September 30, 1892 – November 15, 1970) was an American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and diplomat who founded the
960:
1649:"Address by the High-Commissioner for Human Rights at the Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights"
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delivered remarks where she recalled meeting then-Senator John F. Kennedy at a dinner honoring Blaustein in the 1950s.
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1673:"Jacob Blaustein: Human Rights - A Challenge to the United Nations and to Our Generation, Dag Hammarskjold Lecture"
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Blaustein served as an informal and trusted advisor to a number of US Presidents, including Franklin D. Roosevelt,
157:
367:, and the controlling shares of the Union Trust Company of Baltimore. By the 1950s, Blaustein was included on the
1964:
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779:
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His advocacy solidified the terms of U.S. and Israel relations through an agreement with Israeli Prime Minister
2826:
2362:
1282:
A New Vision of Southern Jewish History: Studies in Institution Building, Leadership, Interaction, and Mobility
861:
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President Truman appointed Blaustein to serve on his National Advisory Board on Mobilization Policy during the
1573:
857:
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2386:
2172:
2148:
2076:"Telephone conversation # 1816, sound recording, LBJ and ABE FORTAS, 2/3/1964, 11:02AM · Discover Production"
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purchased a 50% interest in the company for $ 5 million in exchange for a guaranteed supply of oil. In 1925,
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wrote that Blaustein was considered a "foremost interpreter of the concept of American-Israel friendship."
494:
armaments to award compensatory damages for each slave laborer employed in their factories during the war.
422:
Blaustein traveled on a post-war mission to Germany in 1946 at the invitation of Commanding General of the
381:
Blaustein played a central role in the revitalization of downtown Baltimore through the development of the
2314:
2952:
2836:
680:
2197:"Events: ***9 May 1962, Luncheon, Prime Minister Gerhardsen of Norway and Mrs. Gerhardsen | JFK Library"
348:
1989:
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Blaustein enjoyed listening to classical music and was a noted collector of a variety of paintings by
260:
on a 270-gallon horse-drawn tank wagon. During childhood, he attended religious school at Baltimore's
2853:
2596:
846:. He enjoyed gardening and raising orchids and was described in Forbes as "slender and soft spoken."
661:
653:
464:
423:
407:
104:
1721:
Liebman, Charles S.; Libman, YeshaĘżyahu; Liebman, Professor of Political Science Charles S. (1977).
1474:
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1776:"Meeting with representatives from the Conference of National Organizations, 12:00PM | JFK Library"
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507:
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Blaustein was a representative to the July 1963 White House Conference on Community Development.
364:
313:
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In 1925, Blaustein married Hilda Katz. They had three children, Morton, Barbara, and Elizabeth.
945:
2338:
1672:
2869:
2509:"Pelosi Remarks at the 70th Anniversary of the United Nations Charter Commemoration Ceremony"
2014:
Dying to Forget: Oil, Power, Palestine, and the Foundations of U.S. Policy in the Middle East
1501:
754:
503:
448:
2912:
2907:
2770:
2221:"White House Conference on Community Development, July 1963 (2 of 3 folders) | JFK Library"
999:
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with a featured article about him. Blaustein was a recipient of honors and awards from the
949:
660:
prejudice in the United States, and forged alliances with other associations including the
569:
403:
205:
66:
1034:
Oceanography, United States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce Subcommittee on (1970).
8:
2831:
2640:
1916:
317:
302:
250:
146:
1526:"Intermountain Jewish News September 30, 1955 — Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection"
872:, the Signet Banking Corporation, and the Associated Jewish Charities and Welfare Fund.
580:
335:. Under Jacob and his father's leadership, AMOCO pioneered the concepts of the drive-in
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and helped to negotiate a $ 10 billion victim reparation plan with the Government of
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2800:
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529:
1256:"How Jewish philanthropies whose fortunes comes from oil deal with climate change"
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Blaustein played an influential role in Israel's admission to the United Nations,
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843:
739:
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460:
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108:
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2027:"Blaustein Discusses Israel Economic Needs with President Truman at White House"
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but maintained close working relationships with U.S. leaders from both parties.
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30:
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2628:
2616:
1600:
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: Conscience for the World
238:
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Blaustein served as a board member of a number of organizations including the
2901:
2694:
2363:"The Jacob & Hilda Blaustein Fund for the Enrichment of Jewish Education"
1098:
944:
from Lehigh University in 1956 and received additional honorary degrees from
933:
812:
562:
514:. While he was at the San Francisco Conference, Blaustein helped to convince
511:
479:
452:
340:
328:
230:
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1423:
1358:
241:, serving as a United States delegate to the UN under five U.S. presidents.
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2676:
1815:
ed. Jacob R. Marcus (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1996), 489-494.
992:
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542:
456:
411:
399:
2434:
1724:
Pressure Without Sanctions: The Influence of World Jewry on Israeli Policy
2622:
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1624:
1057:"Jacob Blaustein, Jewish Leader, Industrialist, Diplomat, Dies at Age 78"
750:
after his foreign trips, and developed a close working relationship with
727:
600:
336:
2052:"White House Central Files: President's Personal File | Harry S. Truman"
1826:"The Blaustein–Ben-Gurion Agreement Part II – Jewish Museum of Maryland"
2723:
1845:
988:
In a 2015 speech commemorating the 70th anniversary of the UN Charter,
760:
592:
528:
Blaustein was an active advocate for the civil and religious rights of
180:
2459:
2100:"Jacob Blaustein Confers with President Kennedy; Discuss Middle East"
917:
916:
Blaustein died on November 15, 1970, at the age of 78 at his home in
718:
699:
280:
129:
892:
In the Baltimore area, the foundation has supported programs within
2245:"Johnson Names Blaustein a Trustee of Eleanor Roosevelt Foundation"
785:
President Kennedy appointed Blaustein to the Board of Governors of
257:
229:. Blaustein was an ardent supporter of human rights, the rights of
133:
1917:"Jacob Blaustein and Judge Joseph M. Proskauer | Harry S. Truman"
1180:"Jacob Blaustein Receives Honorary Degree from Lehigh University"
546:
534:
327:'s transatlantic flight which was the first non-stop flight from
1897:"The Blaustein–Ben-Gurion Agreement – Jewish Museum of Maryland"
607:
in his honor. Blaustein was an active early board member of the
1087:"Jacob Blaustein Is Dead at 78; Founder of the American Oil Co"
641:
616:
558:
554:
550:
538:
372:
1800:
Not Free to Desist: The American Jewish Committee, 1906-1966 (
981:
In 1999, Blaustein was named a "Marylander of the Century" by
2294:"President Richard Nixon's Daily Diary, September 1-30, 1969"
976:
Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights
622:
Blaustein long advocated for the creation of the position of
584:
491:
332:
222:
2561:
Blaustein Philanthropic Group's biography of Jacob Blaustein
2387:"United Nations: American Association for the | JFK Library"
722:
Blaustein meeting with President Kennedy and former Senator
666:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
609:
United Nations Association of the United States of America
576:. During this period, Blaustein became close friends with
2149:"Arab Refugees, 1961-1963 (2 of 3 folders) | JFK Library"
679:
The AJC's social science research was cited in the 1954
490:
In 1960, Blaustein negotiated with the manufacturers of
974:
In 1971, the American Jewish Committee established the
84:
United Nations Conference on International Organization
998:
Artworks owned by Blaustein are now on display in the
640:
Blaustein was active in the creation of the nation of
2173:"Democratic Congressional Dinner, 1964 | JFK Library"
1597:
Gaer, Felice D.; Broecker, Christen L. (2013-10-04).
1230:"Who knew Joe Biden had ancestral ties to Baltimore?"
955:
On September 15, 1968, Blaustein was on the cover of
443:
Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany
2886:
Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism
1720:
476:
Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany
2411:"Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation"
249:Jacob Blaustein was born on September 30, 1892, in
474:Blaustein served as Senior Vice President of the
2899:
1941:"Leaders meeting with President John F. Kennedy"
1802:Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1972).
1574:"My Day by Eleanor Roosevelt, December 18, 1958"
849:Blaustein was an active member and donor to the
485:United States Senate Committee on Appropriations
283:but left school to help his father in business.
2534:"The Church at Eragny | The Walters Art Museum"
1850:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
769:Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum
572:appointed Blaustein as a regular member of the
1310:"Atapco chooses new president, board chairman"
883:Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research
752:United States Ambassador to the United Nations
746:. Blaustein also brief representatives in the
599:in 1961, Blaustein commissioned the sculpture
574:United States delegation to the United Nations
402:, Blaustein was president and Chairman of the
347:gasoline which allowed the development of the
58:September 30, 1955 – January 20, 1969
2595:
2581:
2301:Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
1040:U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 106.
885:and Center for Scientific Cooperation at the
16:American businessman and diplomat (1892–1970)
2943:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
1813:The Jew in the American World: A Sourcebook,
1596:
1446:
1285:. University of Alabama Press. p. 464.
1033:
990:Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
811:Blaustein and his wife dined with President
670:Catholic Association for International Peace
447:After World War II, Blaustein advocated for
424:United States Forces in the European Theater
310:Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company
253:, the son of Louis and Henrietta Blaustein.
196:Business executive, diplomat, philanthropist
35:Blaustein with President Truman, circa 1950s
2938:Presidents of the American Jewish Committee
2928:American businesspeople in the oil industry
2538:Online Collection of the Walters Art Museum
1872:Israel's Impact, 1950-51: A Personal Record
906:Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
521:to accept the human rights articles of the
357:
271:and took mechanical drawing classes at the
2588:
2574:
29:
881:foundation serves as a benefactor of the
256:As a child, he helped his father deliver
2270:"HU: Executive, 1962-1963 | JFK Library"
1846:"Ben-Gurion as caller [graphic]"
1697:"AJC – Israel's staunch ally and friend"
1253:
1205:"The Untold History of the Biden Family"
717:
629:
436:
1747:
1677:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
1117:
578:Secretary-General of the United Nations
96:March 20, 1945 – June 26, 1945
2900:
1868:
1502:"Jacob and Hilda Blaustein Foundation"
1278:
967:, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and
815:at the White House in September 1969.
2569:
1496:
1494:
1381:
1304:
1302:
806:Eleanor Roosevelt Memorial Foundation
650:American recognition of the new state
624:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
301:(1893–1941), paternal grandfather of
208:, U.S. delegate to the United Nations
1254:Wilensky, David A. M. (2022-07-25).
1174:
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1145:
1143:
1141:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1029:
1027:
940:. Blaustein was awarded an honorary
923:
648:through the United Nations, and for
320:'s association with the AMOCO name.
961:Albert Einstein College of Medicine
674:General Federation of Women's Clubs
595:in the 1950s. After Hammarskjöld's
46:U.S. Delegate to the United Nations
13:
1727:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press.
1530:www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org
1491:
1299:
887:Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
713:
286:
14:
2979:
2923:20th-century American politicians
2554:
1169:
1138:
1074:
1044:
1024:
902:Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute
748:United States Department of State
497:
465:American Jewish Committee's (AJC)
451:for the surviving victims of the
388:
316:acquired Pan American, beginning
273:Maryland Institute College of Art
1447:Cohn-Sherbok, Dan (2010-01-07).
1121:Jewish Baltimore: A Family Album
818:
801:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
652:. He served as president of the
565:on behalf of the United States.
2918:20th-century American diplomats
2526:
2501:
2476:
2452:
2427:
2403:
2379:
2355:
2331:
2315:"Blaustein, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob"
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2237:
2213:
2189:
2165:
2141:
2117:
2092:
2068:
2044:
2019:
2006:
1982:
1957:
1933:
1909:
1889:
1875:. University Press of America.
1862:
1838:
1818:
1805:
1792:
1768:
1741:
1714:
1689:
1665:
1641:
1617:
1603:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1590:
1566:
1542:
1518:
1467:
1440:
1416:
1400:
1375:
1351:
1327:
1272:
1118:Sandler, Gilbert (2000-09-24).
875:
615:, earning her praise in a 1958
393:
291:
269:Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
2827:Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council
1701:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
1450:Dictionary of Jewish Biography
1279:Bauman, Mark K. (2019-05-14).
1247:
1222:
1197:
1111:
862:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
636:Israel–United States relations
1:
2963:Businesspeople from Baltimore
2862:The Authoritarian Personality
1629:Blaustein Philanthropic Group
1506:Blaustein Philanthropic Group
1453:. A&C Black. p. 36.
1017:
894:Baltimore City Public Schools
866:Weizmann Institute of Science
376:Lists of Wealthiest Americans
244:
2822:Atlanta Jewish Film Festival
898:Baltimore Symphony Orchestra
787:United Service Organizations
81:Consultative Delegate to the
7:
858:Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation
681:Brown v. Board of Education
589:blockade of Israeli passage
144:November 15, 1970 (aged 78)
10:
2984:
791:Federal Advisory Committee
633:
440:
417:National Petroleum Council
323:In 1927, AMOCO gas fueled
2933:American company founders
2854:American Jewish Year Book
2845:
2814:
2733:
2710:
2603:
2597:American Jewish Committee
2249:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
2104:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
2031:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1748:Solomon, Abba A. (2011).
1184:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1124:. JHU Press. p. 62.
1061:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
662:United Negro College Fund
656:(AJC) from 1949 to 1954.
654:American Jewish Committee
510:of the United Nations in
408:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
212:
200:
192:
179:
171:
163:
153:
140:
123:
118:
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105:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
100:
89:
80:
62:
51:
44:
40:
28:
21:
2968:United Nations officials
2958:Diplomats from Baltimore
2948:American philanthropists
969:New York Board of Rabbis
942:Doctor of Humane Letters
911:
611:and worked closely with
597:death from a plane crash
508:San Francisco Conference
358:Other business interests
2837:Transatlantic Institute
2319:Smithsonian Institution
1965:"I Wish to Acknowledge"
1012:Baltimore Museum of Art
1004:Smithsonian Institution
707:U.S. Export-Import Bank
603:to be installed at the
516:Soviet Foreign Minister
431:Displaced Persons Camps
365:Crown Central Petroleum
349:high-compression engine
314:Standard Oil of Indiana
2343:aspace.library.jhu.edu
1869:Lesser, Allen (1984).
1554:search.archives.un.org
965:University of Maryland
946:Wilberforce University
780:Johnson Administration
776:Kennedy Administration
731:
646:partition of Palestine
469:Paris Peace Conference
429:, he made a survey of
275:. He briefly attended
233:, and an advocate for
2056:www.trumanlibrary.gov
1921:www.trumanlibrary.gov
1428:www.trumanlibrary.gov
1000:permanent collections
936:fraternity and was a
755:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
721:
630:Israel-U.S. relations
504:Franklin D. Roosevelt
437:Holocaust reparations
2771:Samuel D. Leidesdorf
2513:Speaker Nancy Pelosi
2435:"Human Rights | AJC"
1382:Dvora (2022-10-23).
950:Morgan State College
570:Dwight D. Eisenhower
478:which was opened in
463:. Blaustein led the
404:Overseas News Agency
339:, the first metered
223:American Oil Company
206:American Oil Company
167:Hilda Katz (m. 1925)
67:Dwight D. Eisenhower
2832:Project Interchange
2641:Joseph M. Proskauer
1945:ajclatributejournal
918:Baltimore, Maryland
568:In 1955, President
343:, and the original
318:John D. Rockefeller
303:President Joe Biden
267:Blaustein attended
251:Baltimore, Maryland
147:Baltimore, Maryland
2953:Maryland Democrats
2796:Harry Schneiderman
2701:Michael L. Tichnor
2683:Maynard I. Wishner
2665:Arthur J. Goldberg
2653:Herbert B. Ehrmann
2490:. 5 September 1999
2391:www.jfklibrary.org
2274:www.jfklibrary.org
2225:www.jfklibrary.org
2201:www.jfklibrary.org
2177:www.jfklibrary.org
2153:www.jfklibrary.org
2129:www.jfklibrary.org
1780:www.jfklibrary.org
1475:"March 20th, 1945"
1359:"Blaustein family"
1335:"Atapco's History"
1153:"Atapco's History"
1091:The New York Times
1008:Walters Art Museum
732:
689:school segregation
685:U.S. Supreme Court
519:Vyacheslav Molotov
467:Delegation to the
427:Joseph T. McNarney
410:which reported on
383:Blaustein Building
299:Joseph Harry Biden
262:Temple Oheb Shalom
127:September 30, 1892
2895:
2894:
2806:Marc H. Tanenbaum
2776:Nathan Perlmutter
2671:Philip E. Hoffman
2617:Louis B. Marshall
2012:Gendzier, Irene.
1994:history.state.gov
1969:National Archives
1882:978-0-8191-4126-2
1761:978-1-257-01073-8
1734:978-0-8386-1791-5
1610:978-90-04-25425-1
1460:978-1-4411-9784-9
1409:Current Biography
1339:Atapco Properties
1316:. 12 January 1991
1292:978-0-8173-2018-8
1157:Atapco Properties
1131:978-0-8018-6427-8
983:the Baltimore Sun
924:Honors and legacy
744:Lyndon B. Johnson
613:Eleanor Roosevelt
325:Charles Lindbergh
277:Lehigh University
216:
215:
186:Lehigh University
75:Lyndon B. Johnson
2975:
2801:Kenneth S. Stern
2781:Norman Podhoretz
2766:Avital Leibovich
2734:Other key people
2635:Maurice Wertheim
2611:Mayer Sulzberger
2590:
2583:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
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2524:
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2407:
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2359:
2353:
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2256:
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2235:
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2208:
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2193:
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2169:
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2145:
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2096:
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2087:
2086:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1893:
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1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1798:Naomi W. Cohen,
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1718:
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1684:
1683:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1625:"Family History"
1621:
1615:
1614:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
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1115:
1109:
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1106:
1105:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1053:
1042:
1041:
1031:
930:Richard Gottheil
870:Atlantic Council
851:Democratic Party
840:Camille Pissarro
828:Vincent van Gogh
696:David Ben-Gurion
683:decision of the
581:Dag Hammarskjöld
530:Jewish Americans
225:with his father
119:Personal details
94:
56:
33:
19:
18:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2841:
2810:
2746:Elliot E. Cohen
2729:
2706:
2689:Alfred H. Moses
2677:Elmer L. Winter
2659:Morris B. Abram
2647:Jacob Blaustein
2599:
2594:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
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2493:
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2308:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2251:. 20 March 2015
2243:
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2238:
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2219:
2218:
2214:
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2203:
2195:
2194:
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2166:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2106:. 20 March 2015
2098:
2097:
2093:
2084:
2082:
2080:discoverlbj.org
2074:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2033:. 20 March 2015
2025:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1949:
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1595:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1548:
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1543:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1479:FDR: Day by Day
1473:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1357:
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1352:
1343:
1341:
1333:
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1319:
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1308:
1307:
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1293:
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1248:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1186:. 20 March 2015
1178:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1063:. 20 March 2015
1055:
1054:
1045:
1032:
1025:
1020:
957:Forbes Magazine
938:Knight of Malta
932:Medal from the
926:
914:
878:
844:Maurice Utrillo
821:
740:John F. Kennedy
716:
714:Federal service
638:
632:
605:UN Headquarters
500:
461:Konrad Adenauer
459:and Chancellor
445:
439:
396:
391:
360:
294:
289:
287:Business career
247:
235:multilateralism
227:Louis Blaustein
219:Jacob Blaustein
154:Political party
145:
128:
109:Harry S. Truman
107:
95:
90:
82:
73:
71:John F. Kennedy
69:
57:
52:
36:
24:
23:Jacob Blaustein
17:
12:
11:
5:
2981:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
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2920:
2915:
2910:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:A. James Rudin
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:Max Horkheimer
2758:
2753:
2751:Felice D. Gaer
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:(2022–present)
2721:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2629:Sol M. Stroock
2626:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2555:External links
2553:
2550:
2549:
2525:
2500:
2475:
2451:
2426:
2402:
2378:
2354:
2330:
2306:
2285:
2261:
2236:
2212:
2188:
2164:
2140:
2116:
2091:
2067:
2043:
2018:
2005:
1981:
1956:
1932:
1908:
1888:
1881:
1861:
1837:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1767:
1760:
1740:
1733:
1713:
1703:. 10 June 2018
1688:
1664:
1640:
1616:
1609:
1589:
1565:
1541:
1517:
1490:
1466:
1459:
1439:
1415:
1399:
1374:
1350:
1326:
1298:
1291:
1271:
1246:
1236:. 31 July 2021
1221:
1209:The New Yorker
1196:
1168:
1137:
1130:
1110:
1093:. 1970-11-16.
1073:
1043:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
925:
922:
913:
910:
877:
874:
820:
817:
724:Herbert Lehman
715:
712:
687:that outlawed
634:Main article:
631:
628:
499:
498:United Nations
496:
441:Main article:
438:
435:
395:
392:
390:
389:Public service
387:
385:in the 1960s.
359:
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239:United Nations
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2878:Present Tense
2875:
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2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Jerry Goodman
2754:
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2722:
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2699:
2696:
2695:Harold Tanner
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2489:
2488:Baltimore Sun
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2015:
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1314:Baltimore Sun
1311:
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1234:Baltimore Sun
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951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:Zeta Beta Tau
931:
921:
919:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
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845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
819:Personal life
816:
814:
813:Richard Nixon
809:
807:
802:
797:
794:
792:
788:
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582:
579:
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571:
566:
564:
563:South America
560:
556:
552:
548:
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536:
531:
526:
524:
520:
517:
513:
512:San Francisco
509:
505:
495:
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488:
486:
481:
480:New York City
477:
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466:
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401:
386:
384:
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366:
355:
352:
350:
346:
342:
341:gasoline pump
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
308:In 1924, the
306:
304:
300:
284:
282:
278:
274:
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242:
240:
236:
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231:Jewish people
228:
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