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342:... his Majesty's Ministers have thought it necessary for the honour of the British nation and for the advancement of Science that the right of the Captors to the Collection should be on this occasion wav'd and that the whole should be returned to M. de Billardiere, in order that he may be able to publish his Observations on Natural History in a complete manner ... By this her Majesty will lose an acquisition to her herbarium, which I very much wish'd to see deposited there, but the national character of Great Britain will certainly gain much credit for holding a conduct towards Science and Scientific men liberal in the highest degree.
334:, Labillardière's scientific collections were seized by the British as spoils of war. Labillardière despaired at the loss of three years' painstaking work, but he had an ally in Joseph Banks, who campaigned for the return of the collections. In 1796, Banks's lobbying succeeded, and he was able to write to William Price at the
27:
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One of the greatest challenges for biographers of
Labillardière has been the gaining of insight into his character and personality. That is largely due to the paucity of documents and testimonies: fewer than sixty of his letters survive, and many of them are purely related to business matters. Since
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of
Labillardière is questions surrounding the reliability of his work. There are anomalies and contradictions in both Labillardière's account of his voyage and in his botanical data. The former appear to be at least partly attributable to mistakes made in converting the measurements and dates in his
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The result of the two voyages was a collection of around 1000 specimens. As sponsor of the expedition, they were the property of Le
Monnier, but Labillardière retained a great many duplicate specimens. The voyage also resulted in Labillardière's botanical account of the region, later published as
398:
Nothing is known of his physique, but his travels as a naturalist reveal him to be a man of good physical fitness, with a strong constitution and immense stamina. Intellectually, he is shown to be not just an outstanding botanist and naturalist with excellent observational skills, but also to be
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remained unverified for nearly 200 years until, in August 1987, Bradley Potts, from the
Department of Botany at the University of Tasmania, and Gintaras Kantvilas, from the Tasmanian Herbarium, rediscovered a stand of 200 trees on steep and densely forested Penguin Island.
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Labillardière had an abrasive, critical personality. Even his eulogist described him as "sharp and austere", and a man who tended to "hide everything that was good in his soul behind a caustic and bitter intellect". He was also extremely stubborn. Denis and
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suggested that, given the period the specimens were in foreign hands, "the errors made in the published habitat statements for about a dozen species may have been a result of a shuffling of herbarium sheets or notes without
Labillardière’s knowledge".
387:, for example, wrote that Labillardière "could perceive someone's slightest defect; yet he would have been ready to open his purse for the same man whose ridiculousness had not escaped him, and would have done all in his power to help him".
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in 1837. That first biography was very highly regarded, and seems to have formed the basis of most of the entries in French biographical dictionaries published over the next century, as well as the anonymous biography in Volume 2 of the
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with the specific epithet: "in recognition of
Labillardière's contribution to the knowledge of this genus, and Australian botany". A small number of animal species have been named in his honour as well, namely the Tasmanian Pademelon
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It has been said that
Labillardière was scrupulously honest, especially with money, yet he has also been criticised for failing to acknowledge the work of others, such as his unattributed use of specimens collected by
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describe him as having "the stubborn, almost pigheaded, independent mentality of the peasants near Alençon". On the other hand, he was highly regarded for his sincerity and generosity.
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264:. Only 55 taxa were published in it but, according to Duyker, "this was sufficient to secure for him a place among the founders of modern botany in the Near and Middle East".
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Labillardière's early voyages seem to have fired a passion for exploring foreign lands because, on his return to Paris, he immediately began making plans for a voyage to the
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in particular did much to shed doubt upon
Labillardière's reliability, and over time a tradition arose amongst botanists that Labillardière's data was not to be trusted.
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he clearly had an austere personality, Duyker speculates that "the lack of surviving personal detail may in itself be a reflection of a strongly defensive character".
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by Le
Monnier to study the exotic plants in cultivation there, he ended up staying almost two years, during which time he established enduring friendships with
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in 1967, and by Denis and Maisie Carr in 1976 and 1981. The first book-length treatment of
Labillardière's life appeared in 2003, with the publication of
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respectively. In the latter case, the anomalies mostly concern the collection locations of his specimens, about which he was apparently quite careless.
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His reputation has since been restored somewhat by the Carrs who, in 1976, published a detailed validation of his account of his visit to
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originated with Labillardière's grandfather, Jacques Houtou, who, in an affectation of nobility, appended the name of the family's estate,
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Nelson, E. C. (1975). "The collectors and type locations of some of Labillardiere's "terra van-Leuwin" (Western Australia) specimens".
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Labillardière is commemorated in over a hundred published plant names, the most prestigious of which is the Australian endemic genus
179:, making Labillardière's voyage virtually an official mission. Labillardière left Paris in November 1786, and departed France via
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Carr, S. G. M.; Carr, D. J. (1981). "A charmed life: The collections of Labillardière". In Carr, D. J.; Carr, S. G. M. (eds.).
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Labillardière returned to France with his collections in 1796. In 1799, he published a popular account of his voyage,
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902:. Vol. 16. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 314–342.
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37:(28 October 1755 – 8 January 1834) was a French biologist noted for his descriptions of the flora of
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Amongst the notable plants detailed in the author's two works on Australia are the first descriptions of
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New insights into Labillardière's life and work did not begin to appear until the 1953 publication, by
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around 1774. After graduating in 1779, he moved to Paris, where he spent much of his time at the
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Citizen Labillardière: A Naturalist’s Life in Revolution and Exploration (1755–1834)
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Citizen Labillardière: A naturalist's life in revolution and exploration (1755–1834)
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Labillardière undertook his first voyage as a naturalist in 1783. Sent to
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Nelson, Ernest Charles (1995). "Adenanthos". In McCarthy, Patrick (ed.).
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The following year, Labillardière made another voyage to the eastern
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Nelson, Ernest Charles (1978). "A taxonomic revision of the genus
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in 1793, in Labillardière's honour. In 1978, the Irish botanist
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A plaque commemorating Labillardière's December 1792 landing in
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1065:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
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His herbarium is now part of the Museo di Botanica at the
41:. Labillardière was a member of a voyage in search of the
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Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
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the first general description of the flora of Australia.
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In 1791, Labillardière was appointed as a naturalist to
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European and American voyages of scientific exploration
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Duyker (2003) p. 3, quoting Jean-Pierre-Marie Flourens
195:. From there he moved south along the coast as far as
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Only two portraits of Labillardière survive: an 1821
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had broken out in Europe and, when the ships reached
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of the 1800 English translation on Internet Archive.
1083:. Melbourne: Miegunyah/Melbourne University Press.
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Duyker (2003) p. 244, quoting Auguste Saint-Hilaire.
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The first biography of Labillardière was written by
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348:Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse
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19:"Labill." redirects here. For other uses, see
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293:Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse
92:in both his publications and his signature.
1107:. Sydney: Academic Press. pp. 79–115.
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1183:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1005:(2/3). Taxon, Vol. 24, No. 2/3: 319–336.
402:Politically he was a staunch republican.
796:"Jacques-Julien Houtou De Labillardière"
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183:in February 1787. He travelled first to
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800:Dictionary of Australian Artists Online
655:Labillardière, Jacques Julien Houtou de
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557:of Labillardière was published in the
356:. Between 1804 and 1807, he published
35:Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière
207:. From Nazareth, he headed north to
1198:Reims University (1548–1793) alumni
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668:Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen
660:Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen
472:Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze
443:). His name is further honoured in
359:Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen
177:Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes
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565:Australian Dictionary of Biography
57:Jacques Labillardière was born in
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1063:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
663:(in Latin). Paris: Dominæ Huzard.
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368:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
291:, in search of the lost ships of
1193:University of Montpellier alumni
261:Icones plantarum Syriae rariorum
223:in late June. After a detour to
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945:International Plant Names Index
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1124:Labillardière and his Relation
1105:People and Plants in Australia
581:The sciences were never at war
215:en route. He then crossed the
30:1821 portrait of Labillardière
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1213:19th-century French botanists
1208:18th-century French botanists
1178:Botanists active in Australia
922:Beolens et al. (2011) p. 149.
846:Carr & Carr (1981) p. 80.
828:Carr & Carr (1981) p. 79.
802:. Australian Research Council
686:
52:
1091:. Paperback reprint (2004).
987:Carr & Carr(1981) p. 81.
559:Annales du Museum d'histoire
497:Standard author abbreviation
437:) and the red-legged skink (
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278:Esperance, Western Australia
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95:As a child, he attended the
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117:Louis-Guillaume Le Monnier
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427:Adenanthos labillardierei
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350:, and was elected to the
328:French Revolutionary Wars
174:France's foreign minister
101:University of Montpellier
776:Duyker (2003) pp. 51–54.
767:Duyker (2003) pp. 37–51.
758:Duyker (2003) pp. 31–36.
749:Duyker (2003) pp. 25–31.
303:of New Zealand, and the
69:family of modest means.
1127:. Public Domain Review.
1121:Duyker, Edward (2011).
740:Duyker (2003) p. 23–24.
731:Duyker (2003) p. 21–22.
722:Duyker (2003) p. 17–18.
484:Cephalotus follicularis
445:Labillardiere Peninsula
315:, assisted by gardener
313:Étienne Pierre Ventenat
307:, where Labillardière,
97:Collège royal d'Alençon
82:Houtou de Labillardière
598:A major thread in the
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476:University of Florence
440:Ctenotus labillardieri
434:Thylogale billardierii
385:Augustin Saint-Hilaire
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321:Indigenous Australians
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1138:Citizen Labillardière
1040:Duyker (2003) p. 232.
1031:Duyker (2003) p. 156.
934:Duyker (2003) p. 244.
855:Duyker (2003) p. 3–4.
648:Selected publications
613:Ernest Charles Nelson
536:Julien-Léopold Boilly
422:Ernest Charles Nelson
353:Académie des sciences
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285:Bruni d'Entrecasteaux
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146:Aylmer Bourke Lambert
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785:Duyker (2003) p. 56.
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551:Jean Pierre Flourens
1203:People from Alençon
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975:Duyker (2003) p. 2"
963:Duyker (2003) p. 5.
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609:Republican Calendar
544:Alexis Nicolas Noël
504:author abbreviation
449:Point Labillardiere
217:Mount Lebanon Range
1163:French taxonomists
899:Flora of Australia
883:10.1071/BRU9780303
631:Eucalyptus cordata
625:Eucalyptus cornuta
620:Observatory Island
553:, whose graveside
490:Eucalyptus cornuta
457:Cape Labillardiere
418:James Edward Smith
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205:Mount Carmel Range
170:Islamic Golden Age
142:James Edward Smith
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1071:978-1-4214-0135-5
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305:East Indies
227:to see the
211:, visiting
154:French Alps
1157:Categories
867:Adenanthos
806:2009-02-13
687:References
532:lithograph
424:published
393:L'Héritier
203:, via the
181:Marseilles
86:patronymic
53:Early life
43:La Pérouse
455:, and by
374:Character
268:Australia
252:Lampedusa
166:Near East
160:Near East
39:Australia
1147:Volume 2
1143:Volume 1
1079:(2003).
871:Brunonia
675:See also
657:(1804).
622:, where
607:and the
579:'s 1960
540:Langlumè
297:Tasmania
248:Sardinia
209:Damascus
201:Nazareth
63:Normandy
1019:1218341
509:Labill.
289:Oceania
244:Corsica
225:Bsharri
221:Tripoli
189:Latakia
134:Britain
123:Voyages
59:Alençon
1111:
1095:
1087:
1069:
1017:
906:
665:, see
555:eulogy
515:citing
406:Legacy
299:, the
185:Cyprus
21:Labill
1015:JSTOR
999:Taxon
240:Crete
193:Syria
47:Flora
1145:and
1109:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1067:ISBN
904:ISBN
487:and
447:and
332:Java
311:and
250:and
197:Acre
148:and
1007:doi
879:doi
459:on
451:on
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980:^
968:^
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517:a
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