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waiting in Mills Square to guard the gang's escape route. According to some reports, J. S. Allen shouted to the townspeople, “Get your guns, boys, they’re robbing the bank!” Once local citizens realized a robbery was in progress, several took up arms from local hardware stores. Shooting from behind cover, they poured deadly fire on the outlaws. During the gun battle, medical student Henry
Wheeler killed Miller, shooting from a third-floor window of the Dampier House Hotel, across the street from the bank. Another civilian named A. R. Manning, who took cover at the corner of the Sciver building down the street, killed Stiles. Other civilians wounded the Younger brothers (Cole was shot in his left hip, Bob suffered a shattered elbow, and Jim was shot in the jaw). The only civilian fatality on the street was 30-year-old Nicholas Gustafson, an unarmed recent Swedish immigrant, who was killed by Cole Younger at the corner of 5th Street and Division.
504:. One of the outlaws shot the cashier, R. A. C. Martin, who had refused to open the safe. On September 23, 1872, three men (identified by former bushwhacker Jim Chiles as Jesse James and Cole and John Younger) robbed a ticket booth of the Second Annual Kansas City Industrial Exposition, amid thousands of people. They took some $ 900, and accidentally shot a little girl in the ensuing struggle with the ticket-seller. Apart from Chiles' testimony, there is no other evidence this crime was committed by the James or Younger brothers, and Jesse later wrote a letter denying his or the Youngers' involvement. Cole was furious over this, because neither he nor brother John had been linked to the crime before the letter. The crime was praised by
681:. Frank and Jesse James had been there earlier but had already left. When the Pinkertons threw an iron incendiary device into the house, it exploded when it rolled into a blazing fireplace. The blast nearly severed the right arm of Zerelda Samuel, the James boys' mother (the arm had to be amputated at the elbow that night), and killed their 9-year-old half-brother, Archie Samuel. On April 12, 1875, an unknown gunman shot dead Daniel Askew, a neighbor and former Union militiaman who may have been suspected of providing the Pinkertons with a base for their raid. Allan Pinkerton then abandoned the chase for the James–Younger Gang.
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States during his stay at the
Minnesota Territorial Prison in Stillwater. Bob Younger died in prison of tuberculosis on September 15, 1889, at the age of 36. After much legal dispute, Cole and Jim Younger were paroled in 1901 on the condition they remain in Minnesota. Jim committed suicide on October 19, 1902, while on parole in St. Paul, at the age of 54. Cole Younger received a pardon in 1903 on the condition that he leave Minnesota and never return. He traveled to Missouri where he joined a "Wild West" show with Frank James and died there on March 21, 1916, at the age of 72.
398:; the jailer, Henry Bugler, was killed. The James brothers are believed to have been involved. The gang began a string of robberies, many of which were linked to Clement's group of bushwhackers. The hold-up most clearly linked to the group was of Alexander Mitchell and Company in Lexington, Missouri, on October 30, 1866, which netted $ 2,011.50. Clement was also linked to violence and intimidation against officials of the Republican government that now held power in the state. On election day, Clement led his men into Lexington, where they drove Republican voters away from the
646:. He issued a $ 2,000 reward offer for the Iron Mountain robbers (the reward usually offered for criminals was $ 300). He also persuaded the state legislature to provide $ 10,000 for a secret fund to track down the famous outlaws. The first agent, J. W. Ragsdale, was hired on April 9, 1874. On August 30, three of the gang held up a stagecoach across the Missouri River from Lexington, Missouri, in view of hundreds of onlookers on the bluffs of the town. A passenger identified two of the robbers as Frank and Jesse James. The acting governor,
765:, which was far outside the gang's usual territory. The idea for the raid came from Jesse and Bob Younger. Cole tried to talk his brother out of the plan, but Bob refused to back down. Reluctantly, Cole agreed to go, writing to his brother Jim in California to come home. Jim Younger had never wanted anything to do with Cole's outlaw activities, but he agreed to go out of family loyalty. The Northfield bank was not unusually rich. According to public reports, it was a perfectly ordinary rural bank, though rumors persisted that General
387:. The outlaws stole some $ 60,000 in cash and bonds and killed a bystander named George Wymore on the street outside the bank. State authorities suspected Archie Clement of leading the raid, and promptly issued a reward for his capture. In later years, the list of suspects grew to include Jesse and Frank James, Cole Younger, John Jarrett, Oliver Shepherd, Bud and Donny Pence, Frank Greg, Bill and James Wilkerson, Joab Perry, Ben Cooper, Red Mankus, and Allen Parmer (who later married Susan James, Frank and Jesse's sister).
469:. The original farmhouse is on the left and an addition on the right was expanded after Jesse James died. Across a creek and up a hill on the right was the home of Daniel Askew who was killed at home on April 12, 1875. Askew was suspected of cooperating with the Pinkertons in the January 1875 bombing of the house (in a room on the left). James's original grave was on the property but he was later moved to a cemetery in Kearney. The original footstone is still outside although the family has replaced the headstone.
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590:. For the first of two times in all their train robberies, the outlaws robbed the passengers. In both train robberies, their usual target, the safe in the baggage car belonging to an express company, held an unusually small amount of money. On this occasion, the outlaws reportedly examined the hands of the passengers to ensure that they did not rob any working men. Many newspapers reported this was actually done by the "Arthur McCoy" gang. To correct errors, the gang
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arrived in
Northfield about 1:00 p.m. and set up their vegetable wagon along the Cannon River near 5th Street. About 2:00 p.m., they heard gunshots. Nicolaus Gustafson ran to the intersection of Division and 5th a block away, where he was shot in the head as the bank was being robbed. Gustafson died four days later. Another Swede named John Olson was an eyewitness to the Gustafson shooting and later testified against Cole Younger.
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201:. After the war, the men continued to plunder and murder, though the motive shifted to personal profit rather than in the name of the Confederacy. The loose association of outlaws did not truly become the "James–Younger Gang" until 1868 at the earliest, when the authorities first named Cole Younger, John Jarrett, Arthur McCoy, George Shepherd and Oliver Shepherd as suspects in the robbery of the Nimrod Long bank in
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422:. In the aftermath of the two raids, however, the more senior bushwhackers were killed, captured or simply left the group. This set the stage for the emergence of the James and Younger brothers, and the transformation of the old crew into the James–Younger Gang. John Jarrett and Arthur McCoy were mentioned in numerous newspaper accounts, so they were likely active in gang activities up to 1875.
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856:. On November 16, a grand jury issued four indictments – one each for the first-degree murders of Joseph Heywood and Nicolaus Gustafson, one for bank robbery, and one for assault with deadly weapons on the wounded bank clerk, Bunker. The three brothers pleaded guilty on November 20, 1876, and were sentenced to life terms in the
841:, on September 21, two weeks after the Northfield raid. In the gunfight that followed, Pitts was killed and the Youngers were again wounded. The Youngers surrendered and pleaded guilty to murder in order to avoid execution. Frank and Jesse secured horses and fled west across southern Minnesota, turning south just inside the border of the
780:. He had recently moved to Northfield, where his father owned the mill on the Cannon River and had a large amount of stock in the bank. One of the outlaws "had a spite" against Ames, Bob said. Cole Younger said much the same thing years later and recalled greeting "General Ames" on the street in Northfield just before the robbery.
896:, where they spent the next three years living peacefully. Frank in particular seemed to have thrived in his new life farming in the Whites Creek area. Jesse did not adapt well to peace; he gathered up recruits, formed a new gang and returned to a life of crime. On October 8, 1879, Jesse and his gang robbed the
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1025:. Frank James was found not guilty by juries in both cases (July 1883 at Gallatin and April 1884 at Huntsville). Missouri kept jurisdiction over him with other charges but they never came to trial and they kept him from being extradited to Minnesota. Frank James died on February 8, 1915, at the age of 72.
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in a famous editorial entitled, "The
Chivalry of Crime." Edwards soon published an anonymous letter from one of the outlaws (believed to be Jesse) that referred to the approaching presidential election: "Just let a party of men commit a bold robbery, and the cry is hang them. But Grant and his party
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Nicolaus
Gustafson was buried in Northfield because the Millersburg Swedes had no cemetery in 1876. After his death, the Millersburg Swedes determined to establish their own church and burial ground. Peter Youngquist and Carl Hirdler donated an acre of land adjacent to their homes overlooking Circle
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then ran out of the bank after hearing the shooting outside and mounted their horses to make a run for it, having taken only several bags of nickels from the bank. Every year in
September, Northfield hosts "Defeat of Jesse James Days", a celebration of the town's victory over the James–Younger Gang.
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The
Youngers remained loyal to the Jameses when they were in prison and never informed on them. They ended up being model prisoners and in one incident helped keep other prisoners from escaping during a fire at the prison. Cole Younger also founded the longest-running prison newspaper in the United
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on the morning of
September 7, 1876. The gang attempted to rob the bank about 2:00 p.m. on September 7. Northfield residents had seen the gang leave a local restaurant near the mill shortly after noon, where they dined on fried eggs. They testified at the Younger brothers' trial that the group
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In addition to the death of Miller and Stiles, every one of the rest of the gang was wounded, including Frank James and Pitts, both shot in their right legs. Jesse James was the last one to be shot, taking a bullet in the thigh as the gang escaped. The six surviving outlaws rode out of town on the
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Three of the outlaws (Bob
Younger, Frank James and Charlie Pitts) crossed the bridge by the Ames Mill and entered the bank; the other five (Jesse James, Cole and Jim Younger, Bill Stiles and Clell Miller) stood guard outside. Two were standing outside the bank's front door and the other three were
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The conflict rapidly escalated into a succession of atrocities committed by both sides. Union troops often executed or tortured suspects without trial and burned the homes of suspected guerrillas and those suspected of aiding or harboring them. Where credentials were suspect, the accused guerrilla
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refused to open the safe and was murdered for resisting. The two other employees in the bank were teller Alonzo Bunker and assistant bookkeeper Frank Wilcox. Bunker escaped from the bank by running out the back door despite being wounded in the right shoulder by Pitts as he ran. The three robbers
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area in 1876, including Peter
Gustafson, who had recently been joined by his brother Nicolaus and nephew Ernst from Sweden. West of Millersburg that morning, Peter Youngquist harnessed his mules and headed for Northfield to sell farm produce, accompanied by Gustafson and three others. The Swedes
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but neither to fight for it nor against it: its position, as determined by an 1861 constitutional convention, was officially neutral. Missouri, however, had been the scene of much of the agitation leading up to the outbreak of the war, and was home to dedicated partisans from both sides. In the
235:. Though their crimes were reckless and brutal, many members of the gang commanded a notoriety in the public eye that earned the gang significant popular support and sympathy. The gang's activities spanned much of the central part of the country; they are suspected of having robbed
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when they decided to split up (despite persistent stories to the contrary, Cole Younger told interviewers that they all agreed to the decision). The Youngers and Pitts remained on foot, moving west, until finally they were cornered in a swamp called Hanska Slough, just south of
997:. Bob and his brother Charley surrendered to the authorities, pleaded guilty, and were promptly pardoned by Crittenden. On October 4, 1882, Frank James surrendered to Crittenden. Accounts say that Frank surrendered with the understanding that he would not be extradited to
497:, claiming Republicans were persecuting him for his Confederate loyalties by accusing him and Frank of carrying out the robberies. "But I don't care what the degraded Radical party thinks about me," he wrote, "I would just as soon they would think I was a robber as not."
363:, he learned that Quantrill and Anderson had both been killed. The James brothers, however, continued to associate with their old guerrilla comrades, who remained together under the leadership of Archie Clement. It was likely Clement who, amid the tumult of
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was dispatched to the town. They convinced the bushwhackers to disperse, then attempted to capture Clement, who still had a price on his head. Clement refused to surrender and was shot down in a wild gunfight on the streets of Lexington.
674:, on December 8, 1874. It was one of the outlaws' most successful robberies, gaining them $ 30,000. William "Bud" McDaniel was captured by a Kansas City police officer after the robbery, and later was shot during an escape attempt.
639:. Daniels was killed instantly, Lull and John Younger shot and killed each other, while Boyle and Jim Younger escaped. Lull lived long enough to testify before a coroner's inquest before succumbing to his wounds a few days later.
328:'s initial decision to fight as a bushwhacker is usually attributed to the death of his father at the hands of Union forces in July 1862. He and Frank James fought under one of the most famous Confederate bushwhackers,
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627:. Two other agents, John Boyle and Louis J. Lull, accompanied by Deputy Sheriff Edwin B. Daniels to track the Youngers, posed as cattle buyers. On March 17, 1874, the trio was stopped and attacked by
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Membership fluctuated from robbery to robbery, as the outlaws' raids were usually separated by many months. As well as the notorious James brothers, at various times it included the Younger brothers (
539:. Engineer John Rafferty died in the crash. The outlaws took $ 2,337 from the express safe in the baggage car, having narrowly missed a transcontinental express shipment of a large amount of cash.
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On November 24, John Newman Edwards published a lengthy glorification of the James brothers, Cole and John Younger, and Arthur McCoy, in a twenty-page special supplement to his newspaper the
520:. As they rode off they fired in the air and shouted, "Hurrah for Hildebrand!" Samuel S. Hildebrand was a famous Confederate bushwhacker from the area who had recently been shot dead in
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to a Confederate veteran, saying that Northern men had driven them to outlawry and that they intended to make them pay for it. On January 31, the gang robbed a southbound train on the
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during the Civil War. The James brothers were unknown up to this point; this may have been their first robbery. Their names were later added to previous robberies as an afterthought.
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near Glendale, in Jackson County, Missouri. Unfortunately for Jesse, one of the men, Tucker Basham, was captured by a posse. He told authorities he had been recruited by Bill Ryan.
699:, probably to save their mother from further raids by detectives. Once there, Jesse James began to write letters to the local press, asserting his place as a Confederate hero and a
982:, not yet a member of the gang, assisted Liddil in his gunfight. Ford and Liddil, with Bolton as an intermediary, made deals with Governor Crittenden. On February 11, 1882,
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795:, on either side of Northfield. They purchased expensive horses and scouted the terrain around the towns, agreeing to meet south of Northfield along the Cannon River near
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in 1873). Most of the supplement, entitled "A Terrible Quintet," was devoted to Jesse James, the gang's public face, and the article stressed their Confederate loyalties.
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to fight the increasingly organized and deadly partisans. This conflict (fought largely, though not exclusively, between Missourians themselves) raged until after the
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For nearly a decade following the Civil War, the James–Younger Gang was among the most feared, most publicized, and most wanted confederations of outlaws on the
418:, on May 22, 1867, in which the town mayor John B. Shaw and two lawmen were killed. This was followed on March 20, 1868, by a raid on the Nimrod Long bank in
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Shortly after the robbery, Bob Younger declared that they had selected it because of its connection to two Union generals and Radical Republican politicians:
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and his son-in-law Adelbert Ames. General Ames had just stepped down as Governor of Mississippi, where he had been strongly identified with civil rights for
688:, where they robbed a bank on September 7. Two new members participated: Tom McDaniel (brother of Bud) and Tom Webb (a Confederate veteran who had been at
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623:. On March 11, 1874, Joseph W. Whicher, the agent who was sent to investigate the James brothers, was found shot to death alongside a rural road in
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1570:"Headquarters U.S. Army Corps of Engineers > About > History > Historical Vignettes > General History > 026 – Stolen Payroll"
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in at least eleven states: Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, and West Virginia.
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Minnesotans joined posses and set up picket lines by the hundreds. After several days the gang had only reached the western outskirts of
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From top to bottom: Bodies of Clell Miller and Bill Caldwell ; Cole Younger; Charlie Pitts (two rows); Bob Younger; the Northfield Bank
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took control of the state. Still, pro-Confederate guerrillas resisted; by early 1862, the Unionist provisional government mobilized a
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On July 7, 1876, Frank and Jesse James, Cole and Bob Younger, Clell Miller, Charlie Pitts, Bill Chadwell and Hobbs Kerry robbed the
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can steal millions and it is all right," the outlaw wrote. "They rob the poor and rich, and we rob the rich and give to the poor."
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30:"Jesse James Gang" redirects here. For the 20th century student activist splinter group that became the Weather Underground, see
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524:. Arthur McCoy had lived in this area and knew it quite well; he was likely involved and may have been the planner and leader.
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with Frank and Cole). McDaniel was killed by a posse and Webb was caught. The other two robbers, Frank and Cole, escaped.
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mid-1850s, local Unionists and Secessionists had begun to battle each other throughout the state, and by the end of 1861,
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Website for the American Experience documentary on Jesse James, broadcast on PBS, with transcript and additional material
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and historical markers in front of the church tell the story of Nicolaus Gustafson and the founding of Christdala.
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The Pinkerton deaths added to the growing embarrassment suffered by Missouri's first post-war Democratic governor,
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Cole, Jim and Bob Younger, Frank and Jesse James, Charlie Pitts, Clell Miller and Bill Chadwell took the train to
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in January 1871. He killed two lawmen during the attempt and escaped. On June 3, 1871, the gang robbed a bank in
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1977:
Jesse James Was His Name; or, Fact and Fiction concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri
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in Chicago, the first involvement of the famous agency in the pursuit of the James–Younger Gang. Agency founder
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Official website for the family of Frank & Jesse James: Stray Leaves, A James Family in America Since 1650
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In December 1881, Wood Hite was killed by Liddil in an argument over Martha Bolton, the sister of the Fords.
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Artist's concept of the 1869 shooting of Capt. John Sheets of Gallatin, allegedly by Frank and Jesse James
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493:. A short gunfight ended indecisively as the gang escaped. On June 24, Jesse James wrote a letter to the
441:. Jesse is suspected of having shot down the cashier, John W. Sheets, in the mistaken belief that he was
2146:, a podcast by the Minnesota Historical Society on the Younger brothers' time in Stillwater State Prison
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smelled of alcohol and that the gang was obviously under the influence when they greeted General Ames.
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dispatched his son, Robert Pinkerton, who joined a county sheriff in tracking the gang to a farm in
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Despite the death of Clement, his old followers remained together, and robbed a bank across the
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in prison. Ford, on the other hand, agreed to bring down Jesse James in return for the reward.
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On April 3, 1882, Ford fatally shot Jesse James behind the ear at James's rented apartment in
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1901 newspaper interview with Cole and Jim Younger upon their release from a Minnesota prison
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The History of the Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church of Millersburg, Minnesota
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The Rocky Cut raid set the stage for the final act of the James–Younger Gang: the famous
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On May 27, 1873, the James–Younger Gang robbed the Ste. Genevieve Savings Association in
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Newspapers report the rise, exploits, and fall of Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang
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216:. Three years later, Jesse James organized a new gang, including Clell Miller's brother
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The Last Ride of the James–Younger Gang; Jesse James and the Northfield Raid 1876
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1595:"Weekly Graphic. (Kirksville, Adair Co., Mo.) 1880–1949, July 22, 1881, Image 2"
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Dundas Road toward Millersburg where four of them had spent the night before.
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2 miles (3.2 km) west of Millersburg. Today the church is listed on the
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The James and Younger brothers belonged to families from an area known as "
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was often executed, as in the case of Lt. Col. Frisby McCullough after the
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arrested Wood Hite's brother Clarence, who made a confession but died of
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With this new outbreak of train robberies, the new Governor of Missouri,
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The First National Bank building in Northfield, site of the robbery
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On July 21, 1873, the gang carried out what was arguably the first
521:
461:
157:
115:
1556:
The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans
684:
By September 1875, at least part of the gang had ventured east to
1929:
B. Wayne Quist (July 2009). "The Murder of Nicholaus Gustafson".
1013:
in which a train crewman and a passenger were killed, and one in
833:
607:
128:
1790:
Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and 70s
1313:. St. Louis: Press of Nixon-Jones Printing Co. pp. 259–260.
884:
2161:
1918:
922:
700:
695:
Also in 1875, the two James brothers moved to the outskirts of
446:
240:
193:
that participated in the bitter partisan fighting that wracked
145:
2167:
968:
951:
848:
On September 23, 1876, the Younger brothers were taken to the
402:, thereby securing a Republican defeat. A detachment of state
907:. On October 5, 1880, they robbed the store of John Dovey in
749:
531:
west of the Mississippi River, derailing a locomotive of the
2087:
Northfield Bank Raid in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
1930:
562:
In January 1874, the outlaws were suspected of holding up a
2109:
1306:
570:. Later another suspected stage robbery took place between
236:
141:
2556:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
2498:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
2444:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
2103:
2040:
Outlaws: The Illustrated History of the James–Younger Gang
1207:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
807:
Thirteen Swedish families lived west of Northfield in the
264:, the state of Missouri had chosen not to secede from the
2133:
Northfield (Minnesota) Historical Society Bank Raid Wiki
2106:, with excerpts of primary sources and additional essays
1325:"Clay County Savings Association Bank Liberty, Missouri"
273:
warfare erupted between Confederate partisans known as "
2137:
1818:, Johnny D. Boggs, chapter 3, p. 23, McFarland, 2011,
1220:
The James and Younger brothers are major characters in
2647:
1972:
1840:, Johnny D. Boggs, chapter 3, p. 28, McFarland, 2011,
1787:
Peter Braunstein; Michael William Doyle, eds. (2013).
619:, which owned the safe robbed at Gads Hill, hired the
911:. On March 11, 1881, Jesse, Ryan, and Jesse's cousin
316:" in western Missouri with strong ties to the South.
186:
The James–Younger Gang had its origins in a group of
1550:
Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard, eds. (1904),
1282:
Wellman Jr., Paul I; Brown, Richard Maxwell (1986).
390:
Four months later, on June 13, 1866, two members of
2104:
Website for T. J. Stiles's biography of Jesse James
868:Lake and in 1877 John Olson was hired to build the
2002:Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend
1974:
1935:(3rd ed.). Dundas, Minnesota. pp. 19–23.
1913:Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend
1543:
2144:The Younger Brothers: After the Attempted Robbery
367:in Missouri, turned the guerrillas into outlaws.
214:attempt to rob the Northfield First National Bank
32:Diana Oughton § SDS and the Jesse James Gang
3198:
2519:I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)
2122:John Koblas, author of several Jesse James books
2042:(1st ed.). Black Belt Press. p. 224.
2004:(2nd ed.). Cumberland House. p. 512.
1999:
1558:, vol. 3, Boston: The Biographical Society
2021:The Outlaw Youngers: A Confederate Brotherhood
1928:
870:Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church
761:raid on September 7, 1876. The target was the
753:A wounded Jim Younger after his arrest in 1876
355:. He was nursed back to health by his cousin,
2633:
2183:
2068:. Osprey Raid Series #35. Osprey Publishing.
2037:
2018:
1953:
1317:
1310:History of Clay and Platte Counties, Missouri
1286:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 384.
721:
500:On April 29, 1872, the gang robbed a bank in
347:At the war's end, Frank James surrendered in
1549:
1001:. Only two cases ever came to trial: one in
892:Having escaped, Frank James joined Jesse in
653:The gang was observed during this period by
370:
332:, though Cole eventually joined the regular
2640:
2626:
2190:
2176:
1945:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1392:"Eye-Witness Account of 1869 Bank Robbery"
43:
2396:Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter
1329:The James–Younger Gang: Come Ride With Us
1956:Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War
1497:
1005:, for the July 15, 1881, robbery of the
967:
950:
921:
888:Winston, Missouri Rock Island Line depot
883:
748:
740:
733:
725:
606:
460:
424:
1773:, chapter 8: "Highwaymen came riding",
1733:
1017:, for the March 11, 1881, robbery of a
815:Inside the bank, the assistant cashier
14:
3199:
1856:
1503:
1389:
379:in U.S. history when they held up the
3212:Outlaw gangs of the American Old West
2621:
2581:Gunfighter II: Revenge of Jesse James
2574:Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James
2171:
1715:James–Younger Gang: Frank James Trial
1235:The Story of Cole Younger, by Himself
1059:
1019:United States Army Corps of Engineers
156:. The gang was based in the state of
3179:
1622:"Little by Liddil (Jesse Goes Down)"
1619:
1307:National Historical Company (1885).
1224:(William Morrow, 2000; New York), a
874:National Register of Historic Places
666:The gang next robbed a train on the
473:John Younger was almost arrested in
445:, the Union militia officer who had
2412:The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid
2316:Adventures of Frank and Jesse James
1620:Bell, Bob Boze (13 December 2007).
1417:"Deputy Sheriff Charles H. Nichols"
1175:The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid
621:Pinkerton National Detective Agency
483:Pinkerton National Detective Agency
160:, the home of most of the members.
24:
3232:Missouri in the American Civil War
2649:Missouri in the American Civil War
2058:
1071:Cultural depictions of Jesse James
25:
3248:
3217:19th-century people from Missouri
2079:
1769:Walter N. Trenerry (1962, p. 85)
1695:A&E Television Networks, LLC.
1664:A&E Television Networks, LLC.
1504:Coates, Benjamin (January 2014).
1493:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1487:"Deputy Sheriff Edwin P. Daniels"
1441:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1423:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1396:Daviess County Historical Society
1379:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1361:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1046:Students for a Democratic Society
763:First National Bank of Northfield
324:, was believed to be a Unionist.
3178:
3169:
3168:
1902:
1889:
1862:"Truth, Legend, and Jesse James"
635:on a rural stretch of road near
2197:
1973:Settle Jr., William A. (1977).
1850:
1828:
1807:
1780:
1763:
1727:
1708:
1677:
1646:
1613:
1587:
1562:
1479:
1471:. July 21, 1881. Archived from
1457:
1044:headed a splinter group of the
557:
456:
381:Clay County Savings Association
2332:The James Brothers of Missouri
2023:. Madison Books. p. 408.
1911:interview with Ted Yeatman on
1685:"Jesse James shot in the back"
1445:
1435:"Deputy Sheriff James McMahan"
1427:
1409:
1383:
1365:
1347:
1300:
1275:
1048:(SDS) that called itself the "
915:robbed a federal paymaster at
879:
13:
1:
2372:The True Story of Jesse James
1465:"William Pinkerton Interview"
1268:
1241:
1237:(Cole Younger, 1903; Chicago)
1228:of "Bloody Bill" Anderson by
1214:
1151:The True Story of Jesse James
578:. There, the gang returned a
297:and the surrender of General
3237:Knights of the Golden Circle
1775:Minnesota Historical Society
1284:A Dynasty of Western Outlaws
858:Minnesota Territorial Prison
827:
546:(Edwards had moved from the
7:
2715:Price's Missouri Expedition
1506:"The Pan-American Lobbyist"
1454:, Monday, Feb 2, 1874, p. 1
1064:
604:newspaper for publication.
568:Bienville Parish, Louisiana
140:was a notable 19th-century
10:
3253:
2356:The Great Jesse James Raid
2162:Today's James Younger Gang
2138:Defeat of Jesse James Days
1815:Jesse James and the Movies
1599:Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov
1082:The James Boys in Missouri
1068:
946:Chicago and Alton Railroad
898:Chicago and Alton Railroad
722:Northfield, Minnesota Raid
394:were freed from prison in
260:From the beginning of the
255:
250:
29:
3164:
3143:
3123:
3065:
3058:
3028:
3002:
2995:
2963:
2898:
2867:
2811:
2730:
2723:
2702:
2681:
2655:
2594:
2565:
2547:
2528:
2512:The Legend of Jesse James
2481:
2471:The Legend of Jesse James
2454:
2275:
2268:
2246:
2205:
1901:
1896:
1654:"Jesse James is murdered"
1032:
712:Missouri Pacific Railroad
686:Huntington, West Virginia
637:Monegaw Springs, Missouri
371:Early years: 1866 to 1870
124:
108:
90:
82:
61:
42:
2000:Yeatman, Ted P. (2003).
1958:. Vintage. p. 544.
1469:Kansas City Evening Star
714:at the "Rocky Cut" near
625:Jackson County, Missouri
518:Ste. Genevieve, Missouri
330:William Clarke Quantrill
322:Henry Washington Younger
212:during the unsuccessful
2673:Harney–Price Convention
2668:Capture of Camp Jackson
2602:Jesse James Home Museum
2348:The Great Missouri Raid
2308:Jesse James Rides Again
2064:McLachlan, Sean (2012)
1981:. Bison Books. p.
1552:"William Eleroy Curtis"
1452:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1390:Darryl (12 July 2008).
1143:The Great Missouri Raid
1075:
1052:" and evolved into the
668:Kansas Pacific Railroad
437:Savings Association in
220:and the Ford brothers (
96:; 143 years ago
2038:Brant, Marley (1995).
2019:Brant, Marley (1995).
1954:Stiles, T. J. (2003).
1872:Santa Clara University
1263:List of Old West gangs
1023:Muscle Shoals, Alabama
975:
958:
929:
917:Muscle Shoals, Alabama
905:Mammoth Cave, Kentucky
889:
754:
746:
738:
731:
612:
470:
451:"Bloody Bill" Anderson
430:
420:Russellville, Kentucky
396:Independence, Missouri
342:"Bloody Bill" Anderson
203:Russellville, Kentucky
94:September 7, 1881
2753:Battle of Dug Springs
2127:Yesterday's News blog
1355:"Jailer Henry Bugler"
999:Northfield, Minnesota
971:
954:
925:
887:
759:Northfield, Minnesota
752:
744:
737:
729:
655:William Eleroy Curtis
617:Adams Express Company
610:
584:Iron Mountain Railway
576:Hot Springs, Arkansas
464:
428:
279:Claiborne Fox Jackson
148:that revolved around
27:Criminal organization
1867:Santa Clara Magazine
1837:James and the Movies
1475:on December 3, 2013.
1127:The Younger Brothers
1088:The Younger Brothers
995:St. Joseph, Missouri
963:Thomas T. Crittenden
938:Rock Island Railroad
894:Nashville, Tennessee
716:Otterville, Missouri
697:Nashville, Tennessee
533:Rock Island Railroad
491:Civil Bend, Missouri
475:Dallas County, Texas
465:Jesse James Farm in
307:Battle of Kirksville
2607:John Newman Edwards
2292:Days of Jesse James
2269:Cultural depictions
1860:(10 October 2006).
1771:Murder in Minnesota
1751:on 5 September 2018
1737:(1 December 2004).
1335:on 22 December 1996
1248:History of Missouri
1111:Bad Men of Missouri
1103:Days of Jesse James
1054:Weather Underground
1015:Huntsville, Alabama
839:La Salle, Minnesota
785:St. Paul, Minnesota
660:Chicago Inter-Ocean
588:Gads Hill, Missouri
510:John Newman Edwards
392:Quantrill's Raiders
357:Zerelda "Zee" Mimms
353:Lexington, Missouri
39:
3207:James–Younger Gang
2778:Blue Mills Landing
2364:Jesse James' Women
2324:I Shot Jesse James
2300:Jesse James at Bay
2260:James–Younger Gang
2155:2010-07-01 at the
2115:2019-02-28 at the
2097:2011-03-27 at the
1915:, October 28, 2001
1744:True West Magazine
1720:2021-05-08 at the
1627:True West Magazine
1510:Diplomatic History
1373:"Barry G. Griffin"
1258:Reconstruction Era
1230:James Carlos Blake
1226:biographical novel
1119:Jesse James at Bay
1060:In popular culture
1003:Gallatin, Missouri
976:
959:
930:
890:
817:Joseph Lee Heywood
755:
747:
739:
732:
705:Radical Republican
648:Charles P. Johnson
613:
601:St. Louis Dispatch
544:St. Louis Dispatch
502:Columbia, Kentucky
471:
439:Gallatin, Missouri
431:
416:Richmond, Missouri
414:from Lexington in
262:American Civil War
199:American Civil War
138:James–Younger Gang
38:James–Younger Gang
37:
18:James-Younger Gang
3227:Gangs in Missouri
3194:
3193:
3139:
3138:
3054:
3053:
3010:John S. Marmaduke
2968:(by city or town)
2959:
2958:
2803:Mount Zion Church
2615:
2614:
2590:
2589:
2388:Alias Jesse James
2380:Hell's Crossroads
1924:
1923:
1735:Trimble, Marshall
1522:10.1093/dh/dht067
1159:Young Jesse James
1011:Winston, Missouri
942:Winston, Missouri
679:Kearney, Missouri
596:Gads Hill robbery
548:Kansas City Times
506:Kansas City Times
495:Kansas City Times
467:Kearney, Missouri
385:Liberty, Missouri
233:American frontier
134:
133:
16:(Redirected from
3244:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3151:General Order 11
3131:Confederate Home
3063:
3062:
3041:Thomas Ewing Jr.
3036:Samuel R. Curtis
3020:Joseph O. Shelby
3000:
2999:
2969:
2931:2nd Independence
2839:1st Independence
2798:Blackwater Creek
2728:
2727:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2436:American Outlaws
2404:A Time for Dying
2273:
2272:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2053:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1980:
1969:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1854:
1848:
1832:
1826:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1784:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1747:. Archived from
1731:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1634:on 10 March 2018
1630:. Archived from
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1491:ODMP remembers..
1483:
1477:
1476:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:ODMP remembers..
1431:
1425:
1424:
1421:ODMP remembers..
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:ODMP Remembers..
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:ODMP Remembers..
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1321:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1279:
1199:American Outlaws
1050:Jesse James Gang
1007:Rock Island Line
984:James Timberlake
909:Mercer, Kentucky
843:Dakota Territory
707:vindictiveness.
594:a report of the
334:Confederate Army
295:fall of Richmond
152:and his brother
104:
102:
97:
47:
40:
36:
21:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3160:
3156:Bleeding Kansas
3135:
3119:
3108:Second Newtonia
3067:
3050:
3024:
2991:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2955:
2894:
2875:2nd Springfield
2863:
2819:Roan's Tan Yard
2807:
2788:1st Springfield
2719:
2698:
2677:
2663:Liberty Arsenal
2651:
2646:
2616:
2611:
2586:
2561:
2543:
2524:
2477:
2463:Bitter Heritage
2450:
2428:Frank and Jesse
2420:The Long Riders
2264:
2242:
2213:Robert S. James
2201:
2196:
2166:
2157:Wayback Machine
2117:Wayback Machine
2099:Wayback Machine
2082:
2061:
2059:Further reading
2056:
2050:
2031:
2012:
1993:
1966:
1938:
1937:
1903:
1897:External videos
1892:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1855:
1851:
1833:
1829:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1785:
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1764:
1754:
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1732:
1728:
1722:Wayback Machine
1713:
1709:
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1683:
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1678:
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1294:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1244:
1217:
1191:Frank and Jesse
1183:The Long Riders
1078:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1035:
882:
830:
791:, the other to
774:Benjamin Butler
724:
560:
487:Allan Pinkerton
459:
373:
287:John C. Frémont
258:
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120:
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3144:Related topics
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3115:Wilson's Creek
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3103:First Newtonia
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2080:External links
2078:
2077:
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2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:978-1880216361
2048:
2035:
2030:978-1568330457
2029:
2016:
2011:978-1581823257
2010:
1997:
1992:978-0803258600
1991:
1970:
1965:978-0375705588
1964:
1951:
1925:
1922:
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1899:
1898:
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1849:
1827:
1806:
1799:
1779:
1762:
1726:
1707:
1676:
1645:
1612:
1601:. 22 July 1881
1586:
1574:Usace.army.mil
1561:
1542:
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1293:978-0803297098
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1135:Kansas Raiders
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1123:
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1107:
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1077:
1074:
1069:Main article:
1066:
1063:
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1034:
1031:
881:
878:
829:
826:
723:
720:
672:Muncie, Kansas
559:
556:
458:
455:
435:Daviess County
412:Missouri River
377:bank robberies
372:
369:
365:Reconstruction
338:Archie Clement
318:Zerelda Samuel
283:Nathaniel Lyon
257:
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132:
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3085:Fort Davidson
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3066:Monuments and
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2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:2nd Lexington
2919:
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2914:
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2909:
2907:
2906:Fort Davidson
2904:
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2897:
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2783:Fredericktown
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2779:
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2773:1st Lexington
2771:
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2741:
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2729:
2726:
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2713:
2711:
2710:Shelby's Raid
2708:
2707:
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2538:
2534:
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2527:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:"Jesse James"
2503:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:"Jesse James"
2489:
2488:
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2473:
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2255:
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2238:
2235:
2233:(cousin/wife)
2232:
2231:Zerelda Mimms
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:Zerelda James
2217:
2214:
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2074:9781849085991
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2017:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
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1984:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1927:
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1916:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1895:
1890:Other sources
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
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1853:
1847:
1846:9780786484966
1843:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1825:
1824:9780786484966
1821:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1802:
1800:9781136058905
1796:
1793:. Routledge.
1792:
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1222:Wildwood Boys
1219:
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1196:
1193:
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1167:The Intruders
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1042:Diana Oughton
1039:
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767:Adelbert Ames
764:
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743:
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644:Silas Woodson
640:
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529:train robbery
525:
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496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Corydon, Iowa
476:
468:
463:
454:
452:
448:
444:
443:Samuel P. Cox
440:
436:
427:
423:
421:
417:
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315:
310:
308:
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299:Robert E. Lee
296:
292:
291:state militia
288:
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107:
93:
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85:
81:
75:
72:
70:
67:
66:
64:
60:
55:
51:
46:
41:
33:
19:
3184:
3090:Island Mound
2951:2nd Newtonia
2859:Clark's Mill
2854:Island Mound
2849:1st Newtonia
2829:Moore's Mill
2579:
2572:
2554:
2539:(Lucky Luke)
2536:
2510:
2501:(soundtrack)
2497:
2469:
2461:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
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2346:
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2314:
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2290:
2283:
2259:
2065:
2039:
2020:
2001:
1976:
1955:
1931:
1912:
1908:
1875:. Retrieved
1865:
1852:
1836:
1830:
1814:
1809:
1789:
1782:
1770:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:the original
1742:
1729:
1710:
1688:
1679:
1657:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:the original
1625:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:
1564:
1555:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1516:(1): 22–48.
1513:
1509:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1473:the original
1468:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1395:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1328:
1319:
1309:
1302:
1283:
1277:
1253:Bushwhackers
1234:
1221:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1036:
1027:
992:
988:tuberculosis
977:
960:
931:
927:Charles Ford
902:
891:
866:
847:
831:
822:
814:
806:
802:
782:
771:
756:
709:
694:
683:
676:
665:
658:
652:
641:
614:
611:John Younger
599:
580:pocket watch
561:
558:1874 to 1876
551:
547:
543:
541:
526:
515:
505:
499:
494:
472:
457:1871 to 1873
432:
409:
389:
374:
346:
326:Cole Younger
314:Little Dixie
311:
303:
275:bushwhackers
259:
245:stagecoaches
230:
207:
191:bushwhackers
185:
181:Clell Miller
162:
144:of American
137:
135:
74:Cole Younger
3003:Confederate
2965:Involvement
2926:Little Blue
2890:Chalk Bluff
2689:Confederacy
2566:Video games
2537:Jesse James
2284:Jesse James
2254:Robert Ford
2225:Frank James
2199:Jesse James
1877:28 February
1858:Hansen, Ron
1755:5 September
1700:5 September
1690:History.com
1669:5 September
1659:History.com
1638:5 September
1401:5 September
1095:Jesse James
1021:payroll at
973:Robert Ford
956:Dick Liddil
936:robbed the
934:Dick Liddil
880:Final years
850:Rice County
809:Millersburg
633:Jim Younger
592:telegraphed
537:Adair, Iowa
449:and killed
197:during the
188:Confederate
154:Frank James
150:Jesse James
69:Jesse James
62:Named after
54:Frank James
3201:Categories
3124:Cemeteries
2834:Kirksville
2824:New Madrid
2682:Combatants
2548:Literature
2256:(assassin)
2247:Associates
1698:Retrieved
1667:Retrieved
1339:6 February
1269:References
1215:Literature
1038:Bill Ayers
862:Stillwater
564:stagecoach
404:militiamen
361:California
101:1881-09-07
3099:Newtonia
3095:Lexington
3068:memorials
3059:Aftermath
2987:St. Louis
2977:Centralia
2880:Hartville
2844:Lone Jack
2743:Cole Camp
2738:Boonville
2703:Campaigns
2227:(brother)
1941:cite book
1909:Booknotes
1605:24 August
1579:24 August
1009:train at
913:Wood Hite
854:Faribault
828:Aftermath
271:guerrilla
210:Minnesota
91:Dissolved
83:Formation
3174:Category
3080:Carthage
2941:Westport
2936:Big Blue
2748:Carthage
2221:(mother)
2215:(father)
2153:Archived
2113:Archived
2095:Archived
1718:Archived
1530:26376534
1242:See also
1065:See also
980:Bob Ford
852:jail in
793:Red Wing
778:freedmen
690:Lawrence
552:Dispatch
522:Illinois
447:ambushed
349:Kentucky
195:Missouri
158:Missouri
116:Missouri
109:Location
3185:Commons
2996:Leaders
2982:Osceola
2916:Glasgow
2911:Sedalia
2793:Belmont
2724:Battles
2656:Origins
2595:Related
834:Mankato
789:Mankato
598:to the
572:Malvern
550:to the
508:editor
256:Origins
251:History
226:Charles
146:outlaws
129:Robbery
125:Methods
99: (
3075:Athens
2758:Athens
2529:Comics
2507:(2012)
2493:(1924)
2474:(1965)
2466:(1958)
2447:(2007)
2439:(2001)
2431:(1994)
2423:(1980)
2415:(1972)
2407:(1972)
2399:(1966)
2391:(1959)
2383:(1957)
2375:(1957)
2367:(1954)
2359:(1953)
2351:(1951)
2343:(1950)
2335:(1949)
2327:(1949)
2319:(1948)
2311:(1947)
2303:(1941)
2295:(1939)
2287:(1939)
2206:Family
2072:
2046:
2027:
2008:
1989:
1962:
1919:C-SPAN
1844:
1835:Jesse
1822:
1797:
1528:
1290:
1210:(2007)
1202:(2001)
1194:(1994)
1186:(1980)
1178:(1972)
1170:(1970)
1162:(1960)
1154:(1957)
1146:(1951)
1138:(1950)
1130:(1949)
1122:(1941)
1114:(1941)
1106:(1939)
1098:(1939)
1090:(1908)
1084:(1908)
1033:Legacy
797:Dundas
701:martyr
243:, and
241:trains
222:Robert
175:, and
56:, 1872
3029:Union
2694:Union
2483:Music
2239:(son)
1777:Press
1535:1 May
1526:JSTOR
940:near
670:near
535:near
400:polls
266:Union
237:banks
50:Jesse
2899:1864
2868:1863
2812:1862
2731:1861
2276:Film
2070:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1947:link
1879:2019
1842:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1757:2018
1702:2018
1671:2018
1640:2018
1607:2018
1581:2018
1537:2022
1403:2018
1341:2014
1288:ISBN
1076:Film
1040:and
631:and
629:John
615:The
574:and
340:and
285:and
224:and
173:John
165:Cole
142:gang
136:The
86:1861
52:and
1983:283
1518:doi
860:at
703:to
586:at
566:in
383:in
177:Bob
169:Jim
3203::
2455:TV
1985:.
1943:}}
1939:{{
1917:,
1870:.
1864:.
1741:.
1693:.
1687:.
1662:.
1656:.
1624:.
1597:.
1572:.
1554:,
1524:.
1514:38
1512:.
1508:.
1489:.
1467:.
1437:.
1419:.
1394:.
1375:.
1357:.
1327:.
1056:.
864:.
663:.
344:.
239:,
218:Ed
205:.
171:,
167:,
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2634:t
2627:v
2521:"
2517:"
2191:e
2184:t
2177:v
2052:.
2033:.
2014:.
1995:.
1968:.
1949:)
1881:.
1803:.
1759:.
1724:.
1704:.
1673:.
1642:.
1609:.
1583:.
1539:.
1520::
1405:.
1343:.
1296:.
103:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
