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efforts not only failed to sway the organizers, but made him the target of much criticism. Gibbons responded to his critics, saying "I fear, that this agitation against King
Leopold's administration is animated partly by religious jealousy and partly by commercial rivalry." He feared that the British Government, along with British merchants and Protestant missionaries, were conspiring to expel Catholic missionaries from the Congo.
1855:
770:("Concerning New Opinions, Virtue, Nature and Grace, with Regard to Americanism"). The encyclical condemned the Hecker biography for Americanism. In response, Gibbons and other American church leaders assured the pope that the opinions in the book preface belonged to Klein, not Hecker. They further asserted that Hecker never promoted any deviation from or minimization of Catholic doctrines.
1311:
929:, rival business and religious interests were indeed supporting the Congo Reform Association. However, Leopold was exploiting and oppressing the Congolese population. Furthermore, Gibbons had based his support on the views of the Belgian government and intermittent reports from Catholic missionaries. Said Ellie;
543:, and was invited to preach at Protestant churches. Gibbons made a number of converts to Catholicism. Gibbons became a popular American religious figure, gathering crowds for his sermons on diverse topics that could apply to Christianity as a whole. Over his lifetime, Gibbons met every American president, from
921:
in Boston, Massachusetts, with Congo being on the agenda. The
Belgian Government protested this topic because the organizers had not invited Leopold II to send a representative. At the request of the Belgians, Gibbons wrote a letter to the organizers, asking them to drop discussion of Congo. Gibbons'
863:
Gibbons said that "the Savior of mankind never conferred a greater temporal boon on mankind than by ennobling and sanctifying manual labor, and by rescuing it from the stigma of degradation which had been branded upon it", adding that "Christ is ushered Into the world not amid pomp and splendor of
855:
Gibbons advocated for the protection of working people and their right to organize in labor unions. He believed that industrials in
America's eastern cities were exploiting Catholic immigrant workers. He was once quoted as saying, "It is the right of laboring classes to protect themselves, and the
794:
For my part I cannot well conceive how
Christians can entertain other than most kindly sentiments toward the Hebrew race, when I consider how much we are indebted to them. We have from them the inspired volume of the Old Testament which has been consolation in all ages to devout souls. Christ our
1005:
Understanding that many
Americans viewed their faith as coming directly from the Bible, Gibbons took pains to explain the biblical roots of Catholic doctrine and rituals. He also wanted to show readers that Catholicism was an American faith, rebutting the claims by anti-Catholic nativists that
815:, in which rioters killed 49 Jews and injured hundreds more. He pleaded for the public to assist Russia's Jews. When Jewish leaders in 1915 in Ohio were opposing a state law that would promote bible readings in public schools, Gibbons sent them a letter of support. During
864:
imperial majesty, but amid the environments of an humble child of toil. He is the reputed son of an artisan, and his early manhood is spent in a mechanic’s shop". He concluded that "every honest labor is laudable, thanks to the example and teaching of Christ".
3345:
1009:
The first printing of 10,000 copies, a large number for that era, sold out quickly. By 1879, 50,000 copies had been sold. Sales reached 1,400,000 by 1917 and it remained the most popular book in the United States until the publication of the novel
933:"For one of the few times in Gibbons' long life, his normally keen judgment went astray and exposed him to the charge of partisanship and of ignorance of the facts governing an issue. The cardinal should have steered clear of the case."
992:
During his many speaking engagements as a priest, Gibbons' audiences included many
Protestants wanting to learn about Catholicism. He wanted to recommend books on Catholicism to interested Protestants, but he found the existing
298:
534:
Gibbons' vicariate contained fewer than 700 Catholics spread over the state of North
Carolina. During his first four weeks in office, he traveled almost a thousand miles, visiting towns and mission stations and administering
332:
in the United States. During his 44 years as
Baltimore's archbishop, Gibbons became one of the most recognizable Catholic figures in the country. He defended the rights of organized labor and helped convince
2372:
644:
3103:
745:, had recently been published in French. The Vatican decided that the preface to the French edition contained controversial opinions about individualism and liberalism. The translator, Abbé
856:
duty of the whole people to find a remedy against avarice, oppression, and corruption." Gibbons played a key role in the granting of papal permission for
Catholics to join labor unions.
558:
in 1866, Gibbons advocated for the creation of a
Catholic university in the United States to educate priests and laymen. However, the proposal remained in limbo for the next 19 years.
2567:
2322:
965:. Cardinal Gibbons believed that the Congo reform crusade was the work of "only a handful of discontented men... depending largely upon the untrustworthy hearsay of the natives."
2352:
2407:
2412:
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Lord, the Founder of our religion, His Blessed Mother, as well as the apostles, were all Jews according to the flesh. These facts attach me strongly to the Jewish race.
3182:
531:, at the Cathedral of the Assumption in Baltimore Cathedral. At age 34, he was one of the youngest Catholic bishops in the world and was known as "the boy bishop."
3315:
3123:
2397:
840:
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2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
3380:
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2315:
1210:
3128:
1977:
847:
passed in 1920, allowing women to vote, Gibbons urged women to exercise that right, describing it "...not only as a right but as a strict social duty."
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3093:
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successfully convinced the Vatican that this Catholic king was being set upon by unscrupulous Protestant missionaries. A stream of messages in
1114:
1109:
258:
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3310:
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703:. He allowed Reverend William A Hemmick to serve American troops in France during the war. Hemmick became known as the patriot priest of
1162:
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in 1839, Thomas returned with the family back to Ireland, hoping the Irish climate would help him recover. He opened a grocery store in
3325:
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3148:
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to assist him. He therefore travelled extensively throughout the archdiocese, coming to know the priests and parishioners very well.
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3143:
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Having recovered from his malaria, Gibbons was ordained a priest on June 30, 1861, for the Archdiocese of Baltimore by Archbishop
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2255:
325:
291:
76:
57:
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17:
1860:
Gibbons, James Card. "Personal Reminiscences of the Vatican Council." The North American Review 158, no. 449 (1894): 385–400.
2592:
2502:
2477:
1628:
416:
380:, where James Gibbons worked as a child. Slight of build and a little under than average height, James Gibbons suffered from
612:
of the archdiocese of Baltimore. He automatically succeeded as archbishop on October 3, 1877, after the death of Archbishop
3360:
2880:
1094:
392:. Thomas Gibbons died in Ireland in 1847; in 1853, Bridget Gibbons moved the family back to the United States, settling in
279:
2024:
1419:
2870:
2761:
555:
3290:
2959:
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1678:
Weisbord, Robert G. (2003). "The King, the Cardinal and the Pope: Leopold II's Genocide in the Congo and the Vatican".
670:
578:
287:
140:
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2156:
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2006:
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across the Atlantic to the designated Catholic point-man for Leopold in the United States, James Cardinal Gibbons of
700:
536:
283:
1983:
2527:
2427:
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1214:
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During his tenures in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland, Gibbons established cordial relationships with local
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2188:
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31:
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while at St. Mary's, leaving him so debilitated that the staff doubted his ability to handle the priesthood.
408:
1881:
Gibbons, J. Card. "Lynch Law: Its Causes and Remedy." The North American Review 181, no. 587 (1905): 502–9.
1000:
The Faith of Our Fathers: A Plain Exposition and Vindication of the Church Founded by Our Lord Jesus Christ.
2382:
1906:
The Faith of Our Fathers: A Plain Exposition and Vindication of the Church Founded by Our Lord Jesus Christ
1867:
Gibbons, J. Card. "The Teacher’s Duty to the Pupil." The North American Review 163, no. 476 (1896): 56–63.
1680:
1104:
970:
766:
2622:
2542:
2362:
1895:
Gibbons, J. Card. "The Church and the Republic." The North American Review 189, no. 640 (1909): 321–36.
3197:
3038:
3013:
2716:
2487:
1011:
753:, liberal attitudes on obedience to papal authority in the United States that the Vatican considered a
593:
Gibbons was named by Pius IX as the fourth bishop of the Diocese of Richmond on July 30, 1872. He was
3223:
2731:
2646:
2282:
1382:
659:
389:
130:
2736:
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2617:
1888:
Gibbons, James Card. "International Peace." The North American Review 185, no. 616 (1907): 252–59.
999:
918:
902:
896:
516:
733:
In 1899, Gibbons became embroiled in a controversy with the Vatican about a biography of Reverend
3192:
3053:
3028:
2791:
2612:
2607:
2597:
2292:
1874:
Gibbons, J. Card. "Catholic Christianity." The North American Review 173, no. 536 (1901): 78–90.
1806:
574:
474:
in October 1866. At Spalding's prompting, the Council fathers recommended the Vatican created an
456:
412:
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3003:
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2706:
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2681:
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1304:
613:
440:
361:, the fourth of six children, to Thomas and Bridget (née Walsh) Gibbons. His parents were from
110:
1156:
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1357:
1064:
1052:
910:
562:
310:
120:
1998:
1991:
1904:
369:, in Ireland. The family left Ireland to settle in Canada, then moved to the United States.
3346:
Burials at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
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1058:
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728:
689:
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520:
467:
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of St. Brigid's Parish and as pastor of St. Lawrence Parish, both in Baltimore. During the
400:
342:
302:
172:
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2300:
2064:
1801:
362:
8:
2853:
2522:
1951:
1119:
570:
475:
314:
235:
218:
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1938:
1537:
681:. The university opened on March 7, 1889, with Gibbons serving as its first chancellor.
3259:
3239:
3202:
3063:
3023:
2905:
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1751:
1705:
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1085:
879:
448:
399:
While attending a Catholic retreat in New Orleans, Gibbons heard a sermon by Reverend
2928:
2831:
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2002:
1831:
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548:
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appointed Gibbons as his personal secretary. Gibbons helped Spalding prepare for the
1709:
3218:
3018:
2666:
1840:
1689:
997:
works to be inadequate for Americans. To fill that need, Gibbons in 1875 published
926:
906:
868:
617:
606:
435:
at St. Mary's Seminary. After Gibbons' ordination, the archdiocese assigned him as
1827:
749:, had attributed those views to Hecker. The book inflamed an ongoing dispute over
267:
2917:
2821:
2816:
2756:
2721:
2701:
2671:
2142:
2044:
1964:
1921:
938:
844:
808:
738:
655:
524:
432:
404:
159:
628:
2786:
2771:
1298:
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gives a less flattering account of Gibbons' involvement with the Congo issue;
804:
685:
663:
544:
508:
479:
346:
306:
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2651:
1747:
1701:
1487:
1456:
1439:
1315:
1166:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 936–937.
1151:
860:
812:
707:. At the end of the war, Gibbons supported American participation in the new
651:
540:
334:
329:
185:
2373:
Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
495:
2275:
2091:
2086:
1972:
1929:
1912:
1693:
734:
632:
594:
504:
460:
373:
338:
321:
43:
973:
for his assistance. His support of Leopold gained the recognition of Pope
905:
in England to protest atrocities and injustices against the people of the
2826:
2796:
994:
816:
696:
639:
528:
393:
366:
1755:
1731:
1620:
American Imperialist: Cruelty and Consequence in the Scramble for Africa
1522:
1510:
1495:
1475:
684:
In 1903, Gibbons became the first American cardinal to participate in a
2087:
Conversation with Theodore Roosevelt at Liberty Loan Drive (MPEG 8 mb.)
1984:
American Catholics in the war; National Catholic war council, 1917–1921
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1810:
761:
609:
377:
65:
3073:
1425:(abridged by Francis L. Broderick), The Bruce Publishing Company, 1963
778:
1774:
The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons Archbishop of Baltimore, 1834–1921
1440:
Smith, Michael Paul. "Isaac Thomas Hecker." The Catholic Encyclopedia
1211:""His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons", The Archdiocese of Baltimore"
1155:
962:
507:
appointed Gibbons as the first apostolic vicar of North Carolina and
358:
3254:
2900:
1849:
1845:
1079:
958:
616:. For the first twenty years of his administration, Gibbons had no
600:
582:
452:
345:, becoming the second cardinal in American history, after Cardinal
443:
section of Baltimore for six weeks. They then named him the first
305:. He was 34 years of age, serving as the first apostolic vicar of
2072:
1314:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
914:
704:
420:
385:
381:
2092:
Another angle on the same event at Sagamore Hill (QuickTime 3mb)
1459:
Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 4 October 2015
1457:
Pallen, Condé. "Testem Benevolentiae." The Catholic Encyclopedia
867:
In Rome in 1887 Gibbons implored the Vatican not to condemn the
819:, he supported American Jewish Relief fundraising in Baltimore.
2353:
List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore
1783:, (New York: The Office of Catholic Publications, 1886), 82–84.
1442:
Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 4 October 2015
974:
800:
754:
444:
436:
2124:
Golden Jubilee Celebration at Basilica of the Assumption (MHS)
714:
James Gibbons died on March 24, 1921, in Baltimore at age 86.
954:
787:
1100:
Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
909:
in Africa. It was a colony under the direct control of King
297:
Gibbons was consecrated a bishop on August 16, 1868, at the
2330:
1815:
950:
566:
3104:
Basilica of St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception, Norfolk
2134:
Cardinal Gibbons' Cortege passes Washington Monument (MHS)
1511:"Cardinal Gibbons and His Attitude Toward Jewish Problems"
1476:"Cardinal Gibbons and His Attitude Toward Jewish Problems"
969:
Leopold later awarded Gibbons with the Grand Cross of the
658:
and on March 17, 1887, assigned him the titular church of
1781:
The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church in the United States
1732:"Bishop James Gibbons, the Bible, and Protestant America"
1006:
Catholicism was a heretical belief imposed by Europeans.
313:
in Rome where he voted in favor of defining the dogma of
415:. After graduating from St. Charles in 1857, he went to
699:, Gibbons was instrumental in the establishment of the
407:. Inspired to become a priest, Gibbons in 1855 entered
2958:
2031:(in the one‑volume abridgment by Francis L. Broderick)
1962:
1949:
1936:
1919:
1902:
1604:
Critical Issues in American Religious History A Reader
1515:
Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society
1480:
Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society
2104:
James Cardinal Gibbons (Catholic University Archives)
1329:"James Cardinal Gibbons [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
662:. He was the second American cardinal after Cardinal
1075:
917:. In October 1904, organizers were staging the 13th
490:
901:In early 1904, Congolese activists established the
1990:
1562:interview, A. U. S. Catholic (1 September 2015).
839:movement in the United States. However, when the
831:Women's Suffrage Procession, Washington D.C. 1913
320:In 1872, Gibbons was named Bishop of Richmond by
3272:
871:and defended the rights of workers to organise.
601:Coadjutor Archbishop and Archbishop of Baltimore
539:. During his road trip, Gibbons befriended many
519:on August 15, 1868, from Spalding, with Bishops
3316:American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
2119:Cardinal Gibbons & Theodore Roosevelt (MHS)
2065:"His vocational timeline at Catholic Hierarchy"
1538:"Cardinal James Gibbons is born, July 23, 1834"
1271:"Cardinal James Gibbons, Baltimore (1834–1921)"
551:, and served as an adviser to several of them.
3183:Holy Cross Regional Catholic School, Lynchburg
2109:Cardinal Gibbons (Maryland Historical Society)
760:On January 22, 1899, Leo XIII sent Gibbons an
2944:
2316:
1115:Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops
1110:List of Catholic bishops of the United States
419:in Baltimore. He suffered a severe attack of
3381:19th-century American Roman Catholic priests
3376:20th-century American Roman Catholic bishops
3188:Peninsula Catholic High School, Newport News
2283:Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere
891:Balolo Mission in Belgium Congo 1900 to 1910
569:. Gibbons voted in favor of the doctrine of
357:James Gibbons was born on July 23, 1834, in
131:Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere
2114:Cardinal Gibbons Day October 16, 1911 (MHS)
1568:U.S. Catholic magazine – Faith in Real Life
985:
352:
301:. The principal consecrator was Archbishop
2951:
2937:
2443:National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton
2323:
2309:
1643:
605:On May 29, 1877, Pius IX named Gibbons as
257:
64:
30:For other people named James Gibbons, see
3366:Contributors to the Catholic Encyclopedia
3356:St. Mary's Seminary and University alumni
3168:Benedictine College Preparatory, Richmond
1591:. W.B. Conkey Company. 1894. p. 816.
1564:"Catholic priests and the labor movement"
1561:
3119:St. Vincent de Paul Church, Newport News
1677:
1601:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1358:"A Brief History of Catholic University"
1300:The Catholic Encyclopedia and its makers
1150:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
886:
878:
826:
777:
638:
627:
494:
341:. In 1886, Gibbons was appointed to the
278:(July 23, 1834 – March 24, 1921) was an
266:
3306:Roman Catholic archbishops of Baltimore
2333:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore
2073:"Catholic Home Study Service Biography"
1993:Pius XII The Holocaust And The Cold War
1816:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore
1606:. Baylor University Press. p. 379.
1508:
1473:
643:Cardinal Gibbons statue outside of the
14:
3273:
3124:Church of the Sacred Heart, Petersburg
1988:
1355:
1205:
1203:
773:
573:. He assumed the additional duties of
561:In 1869 and 1870 Gibbons attended the
3351:St. Charles College (Maryland) alumni
3331:Catholic University of America people
2932:
2593:The Catholic High School of Baltimore
2304:
2129:Service in progress at Basilica (MHS)
2022:
1997:. Indiana University Press. pp.
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1616:
1535:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1428:
1402:
1390:. Vol. XIX. 1886–87. p. 429
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1183:"His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons"
1133:
1019:
588:
3198:Saint Gertrude High School, Richmond
3178:Catholic High School, Virginia Beach
3173:Blessed Sacrament Huguenot, Powhatan
3134:Church of the Sacred Heart, Richmond
2042:
1897:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25106311
1890:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105893
1883:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105465
1876:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105190
1869:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25118675
1862:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25103307
1729:
1617:Mohun, Arwen P. (16 November 2023).
1351:
1349:
1293:
1291:
1268:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1095:Catholic Church in the United States
688:. He would have participated in the
2762:Jerome Aloysius Daugherty Sebastian
1982:Gibbons (August 1920): Preface for
1200:
1062:. He was also a contributor to the
822:
485:
472:Second Plenary Council of Baltimore
384:problems and consequent periods of
24:
3341:Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII
3311:Roman Catholic bishops of Richmond
3072:
2961:Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond
1766:
1716:
1462:
1445:
1362:The Catholic University of America
1255:
850:
790:. In an 1890 letter, Gibbons said:
673:in Baltimore decided to build the
623:
25:
3392:
3326:Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh
2498:Notre Dame of Maryland University
2260:October 3, 1877 – March 24, 1921
2157:Vicar Apostolic of North Carolina
1794:
1589:The World's Congress of Religions
1346:
1288:
1170:
491:Apostolic Vicar of North Carolina
324:. In 1877, Gibbons was appointed
284:Apostolic Vicar of North Carolina
3321:Religious leaders from Baltimore
3253:
3203:Walsingham Academy, Williamsburg
3193:Roanoke Catholic School, Roanoke
2911:
2899:
2451:
2287:March 17, 1887 – March 24, 1921
2080:
1853:
1800:
1309:
1269:Blog, McNamara's (2 July 2013).
1237:"St. Brigid's Church, Baltimore"
1078:
482:and appoint Gibbons head to it.
3301:20th-century American cardinals
3296:19th-century American cardinals
3149:St. Stephen, Martyr, Chesapeake
3144:St. Bede's Church, Williamsburg
3109:Basilica of St. Andrew, Roanoke
2604:Closed educational institutions
2578:St. John's Catholic Preparatory
2046:Life of James, Cardinal Gibbons
2036:"Library of Congress Biography"
2029:. The Bruce Publishing Company.
1963:James Cardinal Gibbons (1916).
1950:James Cardinal Gibbons (1908).
1937:James Cardinal Gibbons (1896).
1920:James Cardinal Gibbons (1889).
1903:James Cardinal Gibbons (1876).
1837:Works by or about James Gibbons
1671:
1662:
1637:
1623:. University of Chicago Press.
1610:
1595:
1581:
1555:
1529:
1502:
597:as bishop on October 20, 1872.
439:at St. Patrick's Parish in the
2886:Diocese of Wheeling–Charleston
2182:March 3, 1868 – July 30, 1872
2179:Titular Bishop of Adramyttium
2097:
2026:Life of James Cardinal Gibbons
2016:
1536:Glass, Andrew (23 July 2009).
1422:Life of James Cardinal Gibbons
1375:
1321:
1229:
874:
835:Gibbons initially opposed the
722:
675:Catholic University of America
32:James Gibbons (disambiguation)
13:
1:
3129:St. Paul's Church, Portsmouth
3094:Cathedral of the Sacred Heart
2848:Plenary Councils of Baltimore
2742:Owen Patrick Bernard Corrigan
2563:Notre Dame Preparatory School
2210:July 30, 1872 – May 20, 1877
2161:March 3, 1868 – May 20, 1877
2043:Will, Allen Sinclair (1911).
1126:
1050:Gibbons wrote essays for the
717:
701:National Catholic War Council
426:
27:Catholic cardinal (1834–1921)
3139:St. Peter's Church, Richmond
2230:Titular Bishop of Ionopolis
1681:Journal of Genocide Research
1602:Mathisen, Robert R. (2001).
1105:James Cardinal Gibbons Medal
807:. In 1903, he condemned the
767:Testem benevolentiae nostrae
669:In 1885, the bishops in the
294:from 1877 until his death.
271:Cardinal Gibbons in May 1914
7:
3361:American military chaplains
2623:Towson Catholic High School
2543:Maryvale Preparatory School
2493:Mount St. Mary's University
2363:Cathedral of Mary Our Queen
1852:(public domain audiobooks)
1071:
1044:A Retrospect of Fifty Years
925:According to the historian
799:In 1890, Gibbons condemned
10:
3397:
3039:Barry Christopher Knestout
3014:Andrew James Louis Brennan
2488:Loyola University Maryland
2023:Ellis, John Tracy (1963).
1821:
1333:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
894:
883:King Leopold II of Belgium
726:
349:, archbishop of New York.
290:from 1872 to 1877, and as
29:
3291:19th-century Irish people
3248:
3232:
3224:Vincent Stanislaus Waters
3211:
3157:
3083:
3070:
2968:
2894:
2863:
2840:
2732:Dominic Laurence Graessel
2636:
2473:Mount St. Mary's Seminary
2460:
2449:
2383:St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral
2340:
2289:
2280:
2272:
2262:
2253:
2245:
2235:
2233:May 29 – October 3, 1877
2228:
2222:
2212:
2203:
2195:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2141:
1644:Hochschild, Adam (2019).
1509:Rosenau, William (1928).
1474:Rosenau, William (1928).
660:Santa Maria in Trastevere
253:
241:
225:
204:
199:
191:
178:
165:
152:
147:
136:
126:
116:
106:
98:
90:
82:
72:
63:
54:
41:
2737:Alfred Allen Paul Curtis
2667:Samuel Eccleston, P.S.S.
2657:Ambrose Maréchal, P.S.S.
2618:Seton Keough High School
2568:Our Lady of Mount Carmel
2408:St. Elizabeth of Hungary
1989:Phayer, Michael (2008).
1966:A Retrospect of 50 Years
1940:The Ambassador of Christ
1926:. J. Murphy and company.
1788:Life of Cardinal Gibbons
1187:Archdiocese of Baltimore
1032:The Ambassador of Christ
987:The Faith of Our Fathers
980:
919:Universal Peace Congress
903:Congo Reform Association
897:Congo Reform Association
353:Early life and education
249:(Send forth your spirit)
86:May 29, 1877 (coadjutor)
77:Archdiocese of Baltimore
3054:Ernest Leo Unterkoefler
3029:Walter Francis Sullivan
2792:William Clifford Newman
2717:Edwin Frederick O'Brien
2672:Francis Patrick Kenrick
2613:Institute of Notre Dame
2608:Cardinal Gibbons School
2598:The John Carroll School
2413:St. John the Evangelist
2293:Giovanni Tacci Porcelli
2256:Archbishop of Baltimore
1978:Pastoral Letter of 1919
1736:U.S. Catholic Historian
1163:Encyclopædia Britannica
913:, the Catholic king of
575:apostolic administrator
413:Ellicott City, Maryland
337:to give his consent to
326:Archbishop of Baltimore
292:Archbishop of Baltimore
58:Archbishop of Baltimore
3371:People from Ballinrobe
3260:Catholicism portal
3077:
3004:Augustine Van de Vyver
2984:Richard Vincent Whelan
2906:Catholicism portal
2707:William Donald Borders
2697:Francis Patrick Keough
2682:James Roosevelt Bayley
2553:Mount de Sales Academy
2249:James Roosevelt Bayley
2187:Louis-Taurin Cahagne,
2143:Catholic Church titles
1969:. John Murphy Company.
1956:. John Murphy Company.
1953:Discourses and Sermons
1943:. John Murphy Company.
1923:Our Christian Heritage
1909:. John Murphy Company.
1846:Works by James Gibbons
1828:Works by James Gibbons
1730:Noll, Mark A. (2013).
1694:10.1080/14623520305651
1356:University, Catholic.
1305:The Encyclopedia Press
1157:"Gibbons, James"
1038:Discourses and Sermons
1026:Our Christian Heritage
967:
935:
892:
884:
832:
803:targeting Jews in the
797:
783:
782:Russian pogrom of Jews
647:
636:
556:Second Plenary Council
517:episcopal consecration
500:
451:, Gibbons served as a
394:New Orleans, Louisiana
282:prelate who served as
276:James Cardinal Gibbons
272:
111:James Roosevelt Bayley
18:James Gibbons (bishop)
3076:
2881:Diocese of Wilmington
2782:Philip Francis Murphy
2752:John Michael McNamara
2692:Michael Joseph Curley
2503:St. Mary's University
2266:Michael Joseph Curley
2166:Stanislao Marco Gross
2049:. J. Murphy Company.
1065:Catholic Encyclopedia
1053:North American Review
949:" representatives in
947:
943:King Leopold’s Ghost,
931:
890:
882:
830:
792:
781:
737:, the founder of the
692:but he arrived late.
671:Third Plenary Council
654:created Gibbons as a
642:
631:
563:First Vatican Council
498:
311:First Vatican Council
270:
121:Michael Joseph Curley
3059:James Louis Flaherty
3049:Joseph Howard Hodges
3034:Francis X. DiLorenzo
2871:Diocese of Arlington
2812:Mitchell T. Rozanski
2802:Gordon Bennett, S.J.
2767:Thomas Austin Murphy
2747:Thomas Joseph Shahan
2712:William Henry Keeler
2677:Martin John Spalding
2528:Calvert Hall College
2239:Francis Xavier Leray
1779:Shea, John Gilmary.
1648:. Pan Macmillan UK.
1646:King Leopold's Ghost
841:nineteenth amendment
743:Life of Isaac Hecker
679:District of Columbia
466:In 1865, Archbishop
403:, co-founder of the
401:Clarence A. Walworth
343:College of Cardinals
246:Emitte spiritum tuum
173:Martin John Spalding
2918:Maryland portal
2876:Diocese of Richmond
2854:The Catholic Review
2797:John Ricard, S.S.J.
2722:William Edward Lori
2652:Leonard Neale, S.J.
2583:Saint Maria Goretti
2573:St. Frances Academy
2523:Bishop Walsh School
2518:Archbishop Spalding
2478:St. Mary's Seminary
2439:Chapels and shrines
2433:Our Lady of Pompeii
2423:St. Vincent de Paul
1420:Ellis, John Tracy.
1307:. 1917. p. 65.
1243:on 22 February 2015
1217:on 9 September 2015
1120:Papal infallibility
774:Relations with Jews
635:of Cardinal Gibbons
585:, in January 1872.
579:Diocese of Richmond
571:papal infallibility
476:apostolic vicariate
417:St. Mary's Seminary
409:St. Charles College
390:clinical depression
359:Baltimore, Maryland
315:papal infallibility
299:Baltimore Cathedral
286:from 1868 to 1872,
236:Baltimore, Maryland
219:Baltimore, Maryland
3240:Francis J. Parater
3078:
3064:David Edward Foley
3024:John Joyce Russell
3009:Denis J. O'Connell
2864:Suffragan dioceses
2807:W. Francis Malooly
2647:John Carroll, S.J.
2558:Mount Saint Joseph
2206:Bishop of Richmond
1805:Works by or about
1384:Acta Sanctae Sedis
1086:Catholicism portal
1020:Other Publications
1013:Gone With the Wind
971:Order of the Crown
893:
885:
833:
784:
648:
645:Baltimore Basilica
637:
589:Bishop of Richmond
515:. He received his
503:On March 3, 1868,
501:
449:American Civil War
372:After contracting
309:. He attended the
303:Martin J. Spalding
288:Bishop of Richmond
273:
141:Bishop of Richmond
3268:
3267:
3045:Auxiliary bishops
2999:John Joseph Keane
2926:
2925:
2832:Bruce Lewandowski
2777:F. Joseph Gossman
2728:Auxiliary bishops
2628:Woodstock College
2538:Loyola Blakefield
2533:Cristo Rey Jesuit
2513:Archbishop Curley
2299:
2298:
2290:Succeeded by
2263:Succeeded by
2236:Succeeded by
2216:John Joseph Keane
2213:Succeeded by
2185:Succeeded by
2164:Succeeded by
1832:Project Gutenberg
1630:978-0-226-82820-6
813:Chișinău, Moldova
709:League of Nations
650:On June 7, 1886,
549:Warren G. Harding
280:American Catholic
265:
264:
16:(Redirected from
3388:
3258:
3257:
3219:Francis Janssens
3019:Peter Leo Ireton
2962:
2953:
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2904:
2903:
2484:Higher education
2455:
2334:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2273:Preceded by
2246:Preceded by
2223:Preceded by
2196:Preceded by
2172:Preceded by
2149:Preceded by
2139:
2138:
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2068:
2060:
2039:
2030:
2012:
1996:
1970:
1957:
1944:
1927:
1910:
1857:
1856:
1841:Internet Archive
1804:
1786:Will, Allen S.,
1772:Ellis, John T.,
1760:
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1248:
1239:. Archived from
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1222:
1213:. Archived from
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1193:
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1088:
1083:
1082:
1059:Putnams' Monthly
957:flowed from the
927:John Tracy Ellis
907:Congo Free State
869:Knights of Labor
837:women's suffrage
823:Women's suffrage
618:auxiliary bishop
499:Cardinal Gibbons
486:Episcopal career
457:Confederate Army
261:
232:
214:
212:
200:Personal details
179:Created cardinal
137:Previous post(s)
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2757:Lawrence Shehan
2702:Lawrence Shehan
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1767:Further reading
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939:Adam Hochschild
899:
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853:
851:Organized labor
845:US Constitution
825:
811:in present day
809:Kishinev pogrom
776:
741:. A biography,
739:Paulist Fathers
731:
725:
720:
656:cardinal priest
626:
624:Cardinal Priest
603:
591:
529:co-consecrators
525:Michael Domenec
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468:Martin Spalding
433:Francis Kenrick
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405:Paulist Fathers
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195:Cardinal-Priest
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160:Francis Kenrick
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1795:External links
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686:papal conclave
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545:Andrew Johnson
509:titular bishop
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463:in Baltimore.
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331:
330:episcopal see
328:, the oldest
327:
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156:June 30, 1861
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127:Other post(s)
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49:James Gibbons
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3164:High schools
2993:
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2509:High schools
2369:Co-cathedral
2343:and parishes
2281:
2276:Lorenzo Nina
2254:
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1973:Google Books
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1922:
1913:Google Books
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1571:. Retrieved
1567:
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1392:. Retrieved
1383:
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1365:. Retrieved
1361:
1336:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1303:. New York:
1299:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1231:
1219:. Retrieved
1215:the original
1190:. Retrieved
1186:
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742:
735:Isaac Hecker
732:
713:
694:
683:
668:
649:
633:Coat of arms
614:James Bayley
604:
592:
560:
553:
533:
512:
505:Pope Pius IX
502:
465:
461:Fort McHenry
430:
398:
374:tuberculosis
371:
363:Tourmackeady
356:
339:labor unions
322:Pope Pius IX
319:
296:
275:
274:
245:
231:(1921-03-24)
182:June 7, 1886
166:Consecration
44:His Eminence
36:
3286:1921 deaths
3281:1834 births
2989:John McGill
2827:Adam Parker
2643:Archbishops
2403:Holy Rosary
2199:John McGill
2098:Photographs
2017:Biographies
1367:11 December
1338:10 December
1192:10 December
875:Colonialism
817:World War I
751:Americanism
747:Félix Klein
729:Americanism
723:Americanism
697:World War I
554:During the
541:Protestants
527:serving as
513:Adramyttium
441:Fells Point
367:County Mayo
107:Predecessor
3275:Categories
3233:Miscellany
2975:Ordinaries
2841:Miscellany
2637:Ordinaries
2588:St. Mary's
2469:Seminaries
2398:Holy Cross
2189:O.F.M.Cap.
1811:Wikisource
1394:28 January
1127:References
911:Leopold II
859:Regarding
762:encyclical
718:Viewpoints
610:archbishop
537:sacraments
427:Priesthood
378:Ballinrobe
211:1834-07-23
153:Ordination
99:Term ended
3158:Education
3090:Cathedral
2463:education
2359:Cathedral
1748:0735-8318
1702:1462-3528
1688:(1): 40.
1573:23 August
1547:23 August
1488:0146-5511
1280:23 August
1016:in 1939.
963:Baltimore
941:’s book,
607:coadjutor
595:installed
254:Signature
143:(1872–77)
117:Successor
91:Installed
83:Appointed
3115:Parishes
3100:Basilica
3084:Churches
2461:Catholic
2341:Churches
1850:LibriVox
1756:24584769
1710:73371517
1542:Politico
1523:43059497
1496:43059497
1247:25 March
1072:See also
959:Holy See
583:Virginia
577:for the
453:chaplain
186:Leo XIII
171:by
158:by
55:Cardinal
3212:Priests
2969:Bishops
2418:St. Leo
2151:Erected
1839:at the
1790:(1922).
1221:31 July
937:Author
915:Belgium
843:to the
801:pogroms
705:Picardy
695:During
677:in the
421:malaria
386:anxiety
382:gastric
2053:
2005:
1776:(1952)
1754:
1746:
1708:
1700:
1668:p. 224
1652:
1627:
1521:
1494:
1486:
1046:(1916)
1040:(1908)
1034:(1896)
1028:(1889)
975:Pius X
788:rabbis
755:heresy
445:pastor
437:curate
148:Orders
2548:Mercy
1822:Works
1752:JSTOR
1706:S2CID
1519:JSTOR
1492:JSTOR
1388:(PDF)
981:Works
955:Latin
242:Motto
2349:List
2051:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1971:via
1928:via
1911:via
1744:ISSN
1698:ISSN
1650:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1575:2020
1549:2020
1484:ISSN
1396:2021
1369:2023
1340:2023
1282:2020
1249:2009
1223:2015
1194:2023
1056:and
951:Rome
567:Rome
523:and
478:for
455:for
388:and
226:Died
205:Born
192:Rank
1999:2–3
1848:at
1830:at
1809:at
1690:doi
565:in
547:to
511:of
411:in
184:by
73:See
3277::
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1750:.
1740:31
1738:.
1734:.
1718:^
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1696:.
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213:)
209:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
