820:
190:
179:
168:
112:
226:
215:
137:
39:
202:
124:
1421:
552:
970:. The intervention tore Japan's wartime unity to shreds, leading to the army and government being involved in bitter controversy and renewed faction strife in the army itself. The official conduct of the Siberian Intervention was later bitterly attacked in the Japanese Diet, with the Army being accused of grossly misrepresenting the size of the forces sent, misappropriating secret funds, and supporting figures such as lieutenant general
560:
237:
149:
910:, who they intended to take control under the planned buffer state but whose unstable government collapsed by 1922. In March and April 1922, the Japanese Army repelled large Bolshevik offensives against Vladivostok. On June 24, 1922, Japan announced that it would unilaterally withdraw from all of Russian territory by October, with the exception of northern
839:
by Allied warships would enhance the confidence of the local anti-Bolshevik forces and help restore public order; however, this proved to be overly optimistic. After an armed mob looted a
Japanese-owned store, killing its owner, the Japanese government, without waiting for an investigation of the
754:
In late 1917, the
Japanese government was alarmed to find that the British government, despite the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, had approached the United States about a possible joint intervention at Vladivostok without consulting Japan. In December 1917, the British agreed that such a force should
898:, bringing with them over 50,000 civilian settlers. After the international coalition withdrew its forces, the Japanese Army stayed on. However, political opposition prevented the Army from annexing the resource-rich region. Japan continued to support
872:â far more than any of the other Allied powers had anticipated. Furthermore, although the Allies had envisioned operations only in the vicinity of Vladivostok, within months Japanese forces had penetrated as far west as Lake Baikal and
844:
to protect their consulate, but the
Americans took no action. In July 1918, President Wilson asked the Japanese government to supply 7,000 troops as part of an international coalition of 25,000 troops, including an
938:
were complex and poorly articulated. Overtly, Japan (as with the United States and the other international coalition forces) was in
Siberia to safeguard stockpiled military supplies and to rescue the
328:
2435:
1708:
1626:
708:
The
Japanese were initially asked by the French in 1917 to intervene in Russia but declined. However, in February 1918, a "Siberia Planning Committee" was formed by the
478:
2430:
950:, a determination to recoup historical losses to Russia, and the perceived opportunity to settle the "northern problem" to Japan's advantage by either creating a
1831:
857:, the administration of Prime Minister Terauchi agreed to send 12,000 troops, but under the command of Japan, rather than as part of an international coalition.
819:
2491:
512:
2496:
507:
321:
1861:
1368:
2319:
411:
716:
with the aim of exploring the possibility that the
Tsarist collapse was an opportunity to free Japan from any future threat from Russia by detaching
2465:
314:
1395:
471:
977:
Japanese casualties from the
Siberian Expedition included some 5,000 dead from combat or illness, and the expenses incurred were in excess of
2337:
615:. The Japanese suffered 1,399 killed and another 1,717 deaths from disease. Japanese military forces occupied Russian cities (largest city
597:
189:
178:
167:
117:
2521:
2470:
1851:
1782:
464:
2185:
1795:
1677:
1305:
868:
and extensive planning for the expedition was conducted. The
Japanese eventually deployed 70,000 troops under the command of General
2506:
1578:
1568:
1373:
2383:
2357:
2327:
1274:
440:
782:
2155:
1911:
1787:
1687:
1672:
1583:
1543:
919:
846:
709:
2455:
2450:
2170:
1667:
2511:
2022:
2017:
1916:
1856:
1647:
1637:
1328:
357:
1338:
1333:
1255:
1236:
1195:
2362:
2347:
2342:
1811:
1744:
1533:
1353:
1348:
2045:
2425:
2067:
1768:
1538:
1343:
1217:
840:
murder, permitted the landing of marines, who proceeded to occupy the entire city. The
British also landed 100
430:
392:
2352:
1777:
1692:
1682:
1298:
241:
926:. Following this convention, Japan undertook to withdraw its troops from northern Sakhalin by May 15, 1925.
2501:
2332:
2203:
1657:
1598:
1588:
2007:
1826:
1697:
685:
2294:
2263:
971:
700:, was a major port with a massive stockpile of military stores and a large foreign merchant community.
527:
2253:
2248:
2175:
2130:
1921:
1608:
788:
206:
2110:
1400:
2367:
2150:
2092:
2040:
1662:
1490:
1291:
918:
of 1920. The last
Japanese soldiers left Vladivostok on October 25, 1922. On January 20, 1925, the
713:
435:
1210:
Military Intervention in Pre-War Japanese Politics: Admiral Kato Kanji and the 'Washington System'
423:
2516:
2190:
2062:
1992:
1801:
1553:
1480:
895:
767:
745:
733:
681:
650:
372:
367:
362:
1052:
2140:
1902:
1866:
1842:
1739:
1724:
1573:
1485:
996:
861:
774:
737:
662:
658:
522:
1926:
1388:
954:
or through outright territorial acquisition were also factors. However, patronage of various
935:
673:
654:
636:
488:
306:
2057:
1881:
1871:
1383:
915:
873:
810:
537:
532:
201:
129:
8:
2289:
2236:
2209:
2199:
2145:
2135:
2120:
1997:
1821:
1500:
1495:
1378:
939:
891:
850:
798:
517:
377:
2072:
2258:
2195:
2012:
1982:
1523:
1001:
853:
and securing of wartime supplies stockpiled at Vladivostok. After heated debate in the
801:
on January 9, 1918, and arrived at Vladivostok on January 12, only two days before HMS
756:
387:
86:
Japanese withdraw from most occupied territories following internal political pressure
2299:
1987:
1967:
1734:
1363:
1270:
1251:
1232:
1213:
1191:
967:
903:
770:
632:
612:
406:
38:
30:
1443:
816:, which had been stationed at Vladivostok until December 1917, returned on March 1.
2440:
2160:
1876:
1548:
2415:
399:
2460:
2165:
2082:
2002:
1475:
1314:
958:
leaders left Japan in a poor diplomatic position vis-Ã -vis the government of the
642:
555:
A Japanese propaganda lithograph rallying for occupation of the Russian Far East.
382:
339:
225:
214:
183:
142:
2077:
2410:
2304:
2125:
2115:
1972:
1936:
1358:
955:
907:
899:
755:
include Japan, but before the details could be worked out, the British ordered
692:
Bolshevik revolution eastward was of great concern to the Japanese government.
620:
601:
593:
194:
153:
67:
2445:
2420:
2485:
1931:
1652:
1642:
1470:
1435:
854:
841:
836:
646:
2032:
778:
1528:
1405:
990:
959:
951:
869:
828:
748:
721:
697:
352:
230:
172:
2102:
1719:
1053:"Soviet Armed Forces Losses in Wars, Combat Operations Military Conflicts"
551:
2180:
1729:
741:
693:
616:
564:
445:
661:
made a considerable contribution to the Allied war effort; however, the
456:
1977:
1593:
906:
until his defeat and capture in 1920, and also supported the regime of
883:
865:
824:
729:
725:
689:
592:
of 1918â1922 was a dispatch of Japanese military forces to the Russian
219:
1886:
2309:
2284:
2279:
2087:
1958:
1891:
1563:
1022:
993:, a political doctrine that Siberia was in Japan's sphere of interest
947:
943:
763:
677:
605:
2388:
1816:
1507:
1451:
963:
911:
878:
669:, resisted attempts to become involved in combat. The overthrow of
608:
90:
1283:
1050:
777:
to reach Vladivostok first. The task was assigned to Rear Admiral
559:
1558:
923:
744:. The Japanese government, then under the civilian leadership of
724:. The Army proposed attacking on two fronts, from Vladivostok to
717:
666:
2241:
1410:
887:
793:. With crews working day-and-night over the new year holidays,
665:
was more sympathetic to Germany, and aside from the seizure of
236:
148:
1603:
1248:
The Way of the Heavenly Sword: The Japanese Army in the 1920s
336:
16:
Dispatch of Japanese military forces to the Russian Far East
670:
890:
and others had opened offices in Vladivostok, Khabarovsk,
57:(4 years, 5 months, 1 week and 5 days)
1151:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
978:
1034:
1032:
567:
with local commander Lieutenant-General Rozanov (1920).
1139:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1163:
1127:
1029:
914:
island, which had been seized in retaliation for the
1023:"The March of the Japanese Army at Vladivostok City"
974:, rumors of whose atrocities had reached the press.
1087:
809:arrived on January 17, and became KatÅ's flagship.
942:. However, the Japanese government's antipathy to
860:Once the political decision had been reached, the
2483:
2466:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2436:German preâWorld War II industrial co-operation
929:
831:, the leaders of the Japanese Forces in Siberia
582:
1420:
1058:. Moscow Military Publishing House. p. 46
576:
2492:Japanese involvement in the Russian Civil War
1299:
472:
322:
864:took over full control under Chief of Staff
1783:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
1051:General-Lieutenant G.F.Krivosheyev (1993).
1306:
1292:
479:
465:
329:
315:
2186:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1796:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
1245:
1145:
1121:
1074:
1072:
703:
486:
2497:Wars involving Soviet Russia (1917â1922)
1569:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
1264:
818:
558:
550:
431:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931â1936)
373:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894â1895)
1267:Japan's Siberian Intervention 1918-1922
1226:
1157:
1133:
1038:
966:eventually emerged victorious from the
849:, planned to support the rescue of the
2484:
2384:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1185:
1169:
1069:
1287:
835:It was the original intent that this
460:
310:
1788:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
1544:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
710:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff
2456:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
1698:East Asia Development Board (KÅain)
1313:
1227:Harries, Meirion and Susie (2001).
1207:
1100:
1082:World War I: A Student Encyclopedia
653:, and Japan became a member of the
13:
2522:Campaigns of the Russian Civil War
14:
2533:
1186:Dallin, David J. (May 31, 2013).
2156:SovietâJapanese border conflicts
1419:
920:SovietâJapanese Basic Convention
619:) and towns in the province of
412:German Pacific possesions (1914)
235:
224:
213:
200:
188:
177:
166:
147:
135:
122:
110:
37:
24:Japanese intervention in Siberia
2507:History of the Russian Far East
2171:SovietâJapanese Neutrality Pact
598:larger effort by western powers
388:Manchuria and Korea (1904â1905)
274:698 killed or missing in action
2426:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
1539:Imperial Rescript on Education
1246:Humphreys, Leonard A. (1996).
1044:
1015:
680:government in Russia led to a
573:Japanese Siberian Intervention
55:12 January 1918 â 24 June 1922
1:
1872:Imperial Way Faction (KÅdÅha)
1778:Imperial General Headquarters
1369:Foreign commerce and shipping
1250:. Stanford University Press.
1179:
773:was outraged and ordered the
626:
2204:Hirohito surrender broadcast
1599:Greater East Asia Conference
1008:
930:Effects on Japanese politics
847:American expeditionary force
43:Japanese soldiers in Siberia
7:
1584:Supreme Court of Judicature
984:
720:and forming an independent
682:separate peace with Germany
676:and the establishment of a
583:
10:
2538:
2295:Second Philippine Republic
2068:ManchuriaâMongolia problem
1265:Dunscomb, Paul E. (2011).
1188:The Rise Of Russia In Asia
972:Roman von Ungern-Sternberg
630:
338:Military campaigns of the
283:3,482 sick and frostbitten
2512:History of Northeast Asia
2403:
2376:
2318:
2272:
2229:
2222:
2176:Japan during World War II
2131:Pacification of Manchukuo
2101:
2031:
2023:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
2018:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1956:
1949:
1900:
1887:Control Faction (TÅseiha)
1840:
1766:
1759:
1706:
1624:
1617:
1609:Imperial Japanese Airways
1516:
1463:
1428:
1417:
1321:
766:to Vladivostok. Japanese
688:. The spread of the anti-
577:
498:
378:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
349:
260:
247:
159:
103:
83:Japanese military victory
47:
36:
28:
23:
2151:Second Sino-Japanese War
2093:Racial Equality Proposal
1673:Agriculture and Commerce
797:was able to depart from
684:and the collapse of the
641:On August 23, 1914, the
446:Asia-Pacific (1941â1945)
89:Japan occupies northern
80:Soviet political victory
2063:Washington Naval Treaty
2008:AngloâJapanese Alliance
1993:First Sino-Japanese War
1812:Nuclear weapons program
1554:Great Japan Youth Party
1481:National seals of Japan
934:Japan's motives in the
736:to cut off the Russian
734:Chinese Eastern Railway
651:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
623:between 1918 and 1922.
441:French Indochina (1940)
2141:Motherland controversy
2111:ShÅwa financial crisis
1903:Imperial Japanese Navy
1843:Imperial Japanese Army
1574:Peace Preservation Law
1190:. Read Books Limited.
997:Japan-Russia relations
862:Imperial Japanese Army
832:
775:Imperial Japanese Navy
738:Trans-Siberian Railway
704:Japanese participation
663:Imperial Japanese Army
659:Imperial Japanese Navy
568:
556:
160:Commanders and leaders
2053:Siberian Intervention
1862:Railways and Shipping
1678:Commerce and Industry
1374:Industrial production
936:Siberian Intervention
822:
781:with the battleships
751:, rejected the plan.
649:, in part due to the
637:Siberian intervention
600:and Japan to support
563:Japanese officers in
562:
554:
503:Japanese intervention
490:Siberian intervention
299:1,717 died of disease
277:2,189 died of disease
261:Casualties and losses
2471:Political dissidence
2320:Occupied territories
2058:General Election Law
1882:Taiwan Army of Japan
916:Nikolayevsk incident
130:Far Eastern Republic
2502:Invasions of Russia
2290:Wang Jingwei regime
2200:Potsdam Declaration
2191:SovietâJapanese War
2146:Anti-Comintern Pact
2136:January 28 incident
2121:London Naval Treaty
1998:Triple Intervention
1827:Supreme War Council
1711:deliberative bodies
1269:. Lexington Books.
1229:Soldiers of the Sun
1160:, pp. 123â124.
940:Czechoslovak Legion
892:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
851:Czechoslovak Legion
799:Kure Naval District
604:forces against the
417:Siberia (1918â1922)
2013:Russo-Japanese War
1983:Two Lords Incident
1638:Imperial Household
1203:- Total pages: 304
1002:Russo-Japanese War
833:
594:Maritime Provinces
569:
557:
207:A. Krasnoshchyokov
2479:
2478:
2451:Socialist thought
2399:
2398:
2338:Dutch East Indies
2300:Empire of Vietnam
2218:
2217:
1988:Satsuma Rebellion
1968:Meiji Restoration
1945:
1944:
1755:
1754:
1693:Greater East Asia
1579:Political parties
1534:Foreign relations
1276:978-0-7391-4600-2
1208:Gow, Ian (2004).
1204:
1103:, pp. 55â61.
968:Russian Civil War
904:Aleksandr Kolchak
771:Terauchi Masatake
732:and also via the
633:Russian Civil War
613:Russian Civil War
546:
545:
454:
453:
383:China (1899â1901)
305:
304:
99:
98:
31:Russian Civil War
2529:
2441:Shinmin no Michi
2431:Internment camps
2343:French Indochina
2227:
2226:
2073:TaishÅ Democracy
1954:
1953:
1877:Japanese holdout
1764:
1763:
1688:Colonial Affairs
1622:
1621:
1549:Yokusan Sonendan
1455:
1447:
1439:
1423:
1422:
1349:Economic history
1308:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1261:
1242:
1231:. Random House.
1223:
1202:
1201:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1019:
645:declared war on
590:
589:
586:
584:Shiberia Shuppei
580:
579:
528:Novo Litovoskaya
493:
491:
481:
474:
467:
458:
457:
344:
342:
331:
324:
317:
308:
307:
242:Grigory Semyonov
240:
239:
229:
228:
218:
217:
209:
205:
204:
193:
192:
182:
181:
171:
170:
152:
151:
141:
139:
138:
128:
126:
125:
116:
114:
113:
49:
48:
41:
21:
20:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2461:Yasukuni Shrine
2395:
2372:
2314:
2268:
2214:
2166:Tripartite Pact
2161:Rape of Nanking
2097:
2083:Tapani incident
2027:
2003:Boxer Rebellion
1961:
1941:
1905:
1896:
1845:
1836:
1771:
1751:
1745:Representatives
1713:
1710:
1709:Legislative and
1702:
1668:Foreign Affairs
1631:
1628:
1613:
1512:
1491:Government Seal
1476:Rising Sun Flag
1459:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1424:
1415:
1317:
1315:Empire of Japan
1312:
1277:
1258:
1239:
1220:
1198:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1107:
1099:
1088:
1079:Spencer, Tucker
1078:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1011:
987:
932:
902:leader Admiral
876:, and by 1920,
823:Lieut.-General
706:
643:Empire of Japan
639:
631:Main articles:
629:
596:, as part of a
587:
574:
549:
548:
547:
542:
494:
489:
487:
485:
455:
450:
436:China (1937â45)
407:Tsingtao (1914)
395:
345:
341:Empire of Japan
340:
337:
335:
234:
233:
223:
222:
212:
199:
198:
197:
187:
186:
184:Jukums Vacietis
176:
175:
165:
146:
145:
143:Empire of Japan
136:
134:
123:
121:
120:
111:
109:
70:
56:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2535:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2517:White movement
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2305:State of Burma
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2233:
2231:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Musha Incident
2123:
2118:
2116:Jinan incident
2113:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1973:Beipu uprising
1970:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1937:Treaty Faction
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Imperial Guard
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1627:Administration
1625:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1262:
1256:
1243:
1237:
1224:
1218:
1205:
1196:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:, p. 158.
1162:
1150:
1146:Humphreys 1996
1138:
1136:, p. 122.
1126:
1122:Humphreys 1996
1105:
1086:
1068:
1043:
1041:, p. 127.
1028:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
999:
994:
986:
983:
956:White Movement
931:
928:
922:was signed in
908:Ataman Semenov
900:White Movement
768:Prime Minister
746:Prime Minister
705:
702:
655:Entente powers
628:
625:
621:Primorsky Krai
544:
543:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
499:
496:
495:
484:
483:
476:
469:
461:
452:
451:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
420:
419:
414:
409:
396:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
363:Ganghwa (1875)
360:
350:
347:
346:
334:
333:
326:
319:
311:
303:
302:
301:
300:
297:
286:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
263:
262:
258:
257:
256:70,000 (total)
254:
253:600,000 (peak)
250:
249:
245:
244:
210:
195:Sergey Kamenev
162:
161:
157:
156:
154:White Movement
132:
106:
105:
101:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:
87:
84:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:Russian Empire
65:
63:
59:
58:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2534:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Fukoku kyÅhei
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:Puppet states
2271:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Fleet Faction
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:General Staff
1910:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:General Staff
1850:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1805:military code
1804:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:Imperial Diet
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Privy Council
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Home Ministry
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:Imperial Seal
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:Flag of Japan
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1257:0-8047-2375-3
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:0-679-75303-6
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:. Routledge.
1211:
1206:
1199:
1197:9781473382572
1193:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1148:, p. 26.
1147:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1124:, p. 25.
1123:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:
982:
981:900 million.
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
843:
842:Royal Marines
838:
837:show of force
830:
826:
821:
817:
815:
814:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
760:
752:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:Army Ministry
711:
701:
699:
696:, facing the
695:
691:
687:
686:Eastern Front
683:
679:
675:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
638:
634:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
603:
602:White Russian
599:
595:
591:
585:
566:
561:
553:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Suchan Valley
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
497:
492:
482:
477:
475:
470:
468:
463:
462:
459:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
427:
426:
425:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
402:
401:
400:TaishÅ period
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:Ryukyu (1879)
366:
364:
361:
359:
358:Taiwan (1874)
356:
355:
354:
348:
343:
332:
327:
325:
320:
318:
313:
312:
309:
298:
295:
294:
293:
291:
287:
282:
280:1,421 wounded
279:
276:
273:
272:
271:
270:(1922 only)
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
252:
251:
246:
243:
238:
232:
227:
221:
216:
211:
208:
203:
196:
191:
185:
180:
174:
169:
164:
163:
158:
155:
150:
144:
133:
131:
119:
108:
107:
102:
92:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
69:
64:
61:
60:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2404:Other topics
2240:
2078:TaishÅ Roman
2052:
1832:Conscription
1802:
1794:
1769:Armed Forces
1629:(ministries)
1529:Charter Oath
1524:Constitution
1406:State Shinto
1389:Essentialism
1339:Demographics
1266:
1247:
1228:
1209:
1187:
1165:
1158:Harries 2001
1153:
1141:
1134:Harries 2001
1129:
1081:
1060:. Retrieved
1046:
1039:Harries 2001
1017:
991:Hokushin-ron
976:
962:, after the
960:Soviet Union
952:buffer state
933:
877:
870:Kikuzo Otani
859:
834:
829:Kikuzo Otani
827:and General
812:
806:
802:
794:
789:
783:
758:
753:
749:Hara Takashi
722:buffer state
707:
698:Sea of Japan
640:
572:
570:
502:
424:ShÅwa period
422:
421:
416:
398:
397:
393:Korea (1910)
353:Meiji period
351:
296:1,399 killed
289:
288:
267:
266:
231:Otani Kikuzo
173:Leon Trotsky
118:Russian SFSR
104:Belligerents
29:Part of the
2446:ShÅwa Modan
2421:HakkÅ ichiu
2358:Philippines
2245:after 1943)
2223:Territories
2181:Pacific War
2041:World War I
1917:Air Service
1857:Air Service
1730:Gozen Kaigi
1446:(Yoshihito)
1438:(Mutsuhito)
1384:Nationalism
1329:Agriculture
1170:Dallin 2013
1004:(1904â1905)
742:Lake Baikal
694:Vladivostok
674:Nicholas II
617:Vladivostok
611:during the
565:Vladivostok
538:Nikolayevsk
2486:Categories
2210:Occupation
2033:TaishÅ era
1978:Boshin War
1822:War crimes
1618:Government
1594:Tonarigumi
1501:Privy Seal
1496:State Seal
1454:(Hirohito)
1379:Militarism
1334:Censorship
1219:0700713158
1180:References
1062:2015-06-21
884:Mitsubishi
866:Yui Mitsue
825:Mitsue Yui
779:KatÅ Kanji
730:Amur River
728:along the
726:Khabarovsk
690:monarchist
627:Background
533:Posolskeya
513:Novitskaya
220:Yui Mitsue
93:until 1925
2411:SonnÅ jÅi
2363:Singapore
2348:Hong Kong
2310:Azad Hind
2285:Mengjiang
2280:Manchukuo
2254:KantÅ-shÅ«
2196:Surrender
2103:ShÅwa era
2088:Truku War
1959:Meiji era
1927:Tokkeitai
1892:Kempeitai
1803:Senjinkun
1720:DaijÅ-kan
1683:Munitions
1564:Mokusatsu
1354:Education
1009:Citations
948:socialism
944:communism
811:USS
764:Hong Kong
757:HMS
678:Bolshevik
606:Bolshevik
518:Romanovka
508:Razdolnoe
2389:Yen bloc
2377:Ideology
2368:Thailand
2237:Karafuto
2230:Colonies
1817:Kamikaze
1760:Military
1663:Treasury
1517:Policies
1508:Kimigayo
1429:Emperors
1396:Politics
1364:Eugenics
1322:Overview
1101:Gow 2004
1084:. p.969.
985:See also
964:Red Army
912:Sakhalin
882:such as
879:zaibatsu
874:Buryatia
813:Brooklyn
712:and the
609:Red Army
292:(total)
248:Strength
91:Sakhalin
62:Location
1950:History
1922:Marines
1559:Kokutai
1464:Symbols
1444:TaishÅ
1401:Statism
1344:Economy
1025:. 1919.
924:Beijing
803:Suffolk
759:Suffolk
718:Siberia
667:Qingdao
647:Germany
66:Former
2353:Malaya
2328:Borneo
2264:Taiwan
2259:Nan'yÅ
2249:ChÅsen
2242:naichi
1452:ShÅwa
1436:Meiji
1411:Kazoku
1359:System
1273:
1254:
1235:
1216:
1194:
888:Mitsui
657:. The
578:ã·ããªã¢åºå
µ
140:
127:
115:
75:Result
2333:Burma
2046:Entry
1740:Peers
1604:Senbu
1589:TokkÅ
1056:(PDF)
896:Chita
807:Asahi
795:Iwami
790:Asahi
784:Iwami
762:from
290:3,116
268:7,791
1658:Navy
1653:Army
1271:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1192:ISBN
946:and
894:and
855:Diet
787:and
671:Tsar
635:and
571:The
52:Date
1648:War
740:at
2488::
2202:,
1108:^
1089:^
1071:^
1031:^
886:,
805:.
581:,
2239:(
2206:)
2198:(
1307:e
1300:t
1293:v
1279:.
1260:.
1241:.
1222:.
1200:.
1065:.
979:Â¥
588:)
575:(
480:e
473:t
466:v
330:e
323:t
316:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
