Jazz, Ltd. - Knowledge

692:"Ruth remembered faces, names. And she'd hip her husband with 'Oh, Bill! You remember Mr. Johnson?' And of course William remembered. Made for good business. Ruth had the ability to get people from all over the country to drop in when they were in town." "She had a talent for presiding with a subtle but firm hand"... "keeping an eagle eye on all proceedings." "Because the room is small, the tension is magnified. When an obnoxious person has to be invited to leave, everyone knows about it. Should a musician become temperamental, or should a celebrity of stage or screen walk in, all the customers are aware of it." "And could smell trouble a mile away." "She had a cutting, sharp kind of satirical wit that was fun to watch being used on someone that got out of line in the club. We were standing up near the front bar one night on a break when some guy got out of line with one of the waitresses. Before he knew what had happened he was standing out on Grand Avenue, his hat and coat draped over his head. But his bar bill was paid up in full, and he never knew what had hit him...Ruth had a soft, generous side to her, too." Ruth makes the analogy of gangsters to sharks, claiming she doesn't know what a gangster looks like but she wouldn't admit one in because "it's just like swimming in the ocean and waiting for a shark...to attack you. You can't see them but you know they're there." "I don't drink and am very conscious of bad behavior. We feel that people come here to hear the music. Any unnecessary noise, from a few, spoils the pleasure of the entire room." 822:, believed he was done. So, Munn then stood up and started blowing. Sidney promptly jumped to his feet and resumed where he had left off. Munn politely sat down and awaited the end of the soprano saxophone solo, and Sidney sat down. But again, just as Munn rose Sidney leapt up and recommenced playing, much to the amusement of the crowd. Sidney pretended to stop, but kept playing. Munn took out a water pistol (used to oil his slide) and shot Sidney on the back of the neck, causing water to soak his shirt and suit. Dick was terrified but kept playing, waiting for the sky to fall, wondering what Sidney would do when his part was done. He did nothing but sit down and laugh. Then, Munn laughed, Bill laughed, the guests laughed and, finally, Dick laughed. 707:"Bill called the tunes and stamped off the tempos." "Bill surrounded himself with good musicians, but the turnover at times was great. At other times, and on other chairs, some of the sidemen stayed for years." "The band was a driving, hard-working, and fun band, even if we did seem to end up with the wearies after the six-hours of romping-stomping Reinhardt sets." "If we had one thing going for us, it was that we were always working." A card on the table states: "Sometime during the evening you will hear all your favorites." The front line of the band was seated close to the customers and this made for an informal atmosphere. Musicians would chit-chat among themselves and consort with the customers. 721:

too rigid, that they played many of the same songs every night and that there was no dancing allowed. Playing the same popular tunes each night was common in bands; Louis Armstrong's All-Stars were known for this. The Reinhardts actually favored dancing but not at the cost of a 20% excise tax on profits (from 1947 to 1960) so they forbade it. When a patron observed that Ruth threw out many customers for bad behavior, he threatened to open a competitor across the street to accommodate them. Ruth admitted this club would have plenty of business, but she was more concerned with the happiness of the majority of their clientele, the respectable ones.

685: 730: 28: 756: 835:. While Jazz, Ltd. was moving to their new address on Grand Avenue, a frequent guest of theirs, Mr. McCorkle, asked Ruth Reinhardt to save a particular thing from the first club of great interest to him, no matter how odd it seemed. So, when McCorkle got the package he pleaded for pianist Art Hodes to come over right away to the new club to witness 'the unveiling'. It is a gilded toilet seat, which underneath has a note reading, "Talullah Bankhead sat here." 639:

mob-owned distributors, had no cigarette machine in the club and they rigorously enforced a set of rules so strict that Ruth compared their club to a church. With this one set of rules they prevented prostitution, maintained high standards for dress, prevented under age drinking, maintained a comfortable environment and, from a financial perspective, avoided a 20% federal cabaret excise tax on singing, dancing and admissions from 1947 to 1960:

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reveled in the praise bestowed upon him by guests after he completed a music set at the venue. Bechet was the headliner for four extended residencies at the club: November 1947 — June 6, 1948; a five-week engagement from August 25 to early October 1948; for nearly two months from November 1948 through January 15, 1949; and finally for a four week-engagement in September–October 1949. Unfortunately, his truancy led to litigation.

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professionals...Every form of entertainment so conducted is included, except instrumental music unaccompanied by any other form of entertainment" This destructive tax put tens of thousands of musicians out of work in the 1940s, caused many top orchestras (Benny Goodman, Harry James and Tommy Dorsey) to disband and ended swing music.

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the best aspects of New Orleans Jazz. They printed their admission rules on business cards. They compiled a large and select mailing list to promote their club to: the social set, psychiatrists, doctors, lawyers, newspapermen, business executives and few musicians. And, they sent out 4 page brochures with recent record liner notes.

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polish) in a large syringe from a doctor's bag and scolded him sternly with it while holding it up to his nose: "You get out of line once more, and Ruth will give you a jab with this that will make you wish you'd behaved." Bechet was terrified and promised the "doctor" he'd be good and he never misbehaved again.

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heard all the way to the north wall." Booths lined the walls along perimeter of the main room and while the middle was filled with small square pedestal tables having lacquered tops, surrounded by ladder-back wood chairs. Jazz, Ltd. seated 85 people and had 15 employees. Over the cash register was a sign, "

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in Chicago. The bandstand walls were made of spring steel to help resonate the band, which was on a small round carpeted deck in the back. Enlargements of recent albums adorned the other walls. Bill Reinhardt installed air-conditioning and customized acoustics in which "The softest note makes itself

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proclaimed that the club would not last more than two weeks to a month. By 1964, 27 other Dixieland clubs in Chicago either closed or ended their music policy. In 1947 there were no jazz clubs in Chicago and jazz music had been in decline since the mid-1930s. Musicians complained that the format was

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there has been a persistent and willful notion that jazz is somehow associated with squalor and dinginess and bad ventilation, and that its partisans qualify as dedicated only if they present a take-me-home-for-twenty-two-fifty appearance. ...there has been a widespread belief that jazz is not truly

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Initially, Bill and Ruth did not advertise Jazz, Ltd. in newspapers (until 1965), magazines, on radio or on TV. Instead, they promoted their club by recording their own records on site, signing and selling them. They touted on the record sleeve and on 5x7 inserts how their Jazz, Ltd. club epitomizes

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One night when friend and actor Donald McKee visited Jazz, Ltd., Ruth confided to him that she was remiss in managing Sidney Bechet's misbehaving. So, Ruth introduced Don to Sidney as "Doc" McKee. The "doc" took Bechet to the back room, removed a terrible looking green liquid filled vaccine (nail

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The second location was at 164 East Grand Ave. In 1960, the 11 East Grand locale was vacated when the American Medical Association bought the property for their high-rise office building. The new location was twice the size of the former one, with more seats, a larger stage to accommodate a bassist

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Bill and Ruth knew that the failure of many jazz clubs from the 1910s through the 1940s can be attributed to bad management, mob connections, illegal speakeasies, gambling, drugs, prostitution and drunkenness. So, to ensure no bad influence would tarnish Jazz, Ltd., they refused to buy alcohol from

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Before pant suits came, Jazz, Ltd. didn't allow slacks in their club because they are a part of The Establishment. A woman came in once wearing slacks and Ruth offered her a coat if she removed her slacks. She agreed. That woman got drunk and when leaving she took the coat off, showing her girdle;

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The first location was at 11 East Grand Ave. and was formerly a tenement house. It was on the near north side, close to all transportation and near a parking lot. The club was just below street level as a step-down-and-into establishment. The avant-garde room was designed by artists Hugo Weber and

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Jazz, Ltd. is a nightclub dedicated to the Jazz of the '20s and World War I era. It is a club where people who are not necessarily Jazz buffs can spend some time and enjoy themselves. It is a club for the discriminating, the fun-loving and well-mannered person who likes to frequent a well run and

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When Jazz, Ltd. opened in June, 1947 it was the only jazz club in Chicago and was the first one owned by a musician in the country. It was also the first in the city to cut records on site. Bill based the format of Jazz, Ltd. on Nick's in New York. Jazz, Ltd. was a rarity in keeping the mob from

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After having gone to live and work in France, Bechet made two tours of the United States, in 1951 and 1953. However, he had a long-term contract with Jazz, Ltd., giving the club an exclusive on his appearances in Chicago, a clause Bechet appeared to have forgotten. When Bechet appeared at another

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This procedure was heretofore unknown to Chicago, for a jazz spot." "We are making money and pleasing hundreds of customers weekly." One small spotlight shone on the bandstand that was situated just a foot from the tables. There was a small service bar in front. In the front window was Ziblid, a

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It was the first jazz club owned by a musician in Chicago. It provided a steady job to many jazz musicians at a time when they needed one. Bill and Ruth Reinhardt estimated that over 700 musicians played at Jazz, Ltd. Some were pioneers of Dixieland jazz. By hiring the best jazz musicians in the

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editor, Paul E. Miller wrote "The sounds of jazz and the fullest implications of their meanings have never been more brilliantly delineated than by Bechet." As a virtuoso, he expected the best from other bandmembers. His engagements at Jazz, Ltd. between 1947 and 1949, drew big crowds, and he

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Although Bechet was then well known in Europe, he had not been in Chicago since 1919 and his engagements at Jazz, Ltd. reinstituted his popularity in the city. By the time he appeared at the club, he was no longer playing clarinet but soprano sax exclusively. He was known for his wide vibrato

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He was also highly critical of musical performance. He endeared "musicianers", as those who refine and perfect their craft through continual learning and practicing, who have a love for it, who can remember and tell life's lessons learned by way of their music. This, Bechet attributes to his

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infringing. When it closed in February, 1972, Jazz, Ltd. was one of the longest operating jazz clubs in the country—24 years, 8 months. There was a $ 2.50 minimum (equiv. to $ 27.30 in 2015) but no cover charge. The club featured a visiting headliner and a house ensemble patterned after the "

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This avoided a 20% federal war excise tax on "admissions, refreshment, service and merchandise at roof gardens, cabarets and similar places furnishing a public performance for profit...includes...diversion in the way of...singing...or dancing either with or without music conducted by

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By the 1960s, Jazz, Ltd. was doing radio commercials for Ford automobiles and Kleenex tissue, magazine advertisements for Hannah & Hogg Whiskey, newspaper ads for women's clothing, club advertisements in cabaret and tourist magazines. They also made TV appearances on NBC's

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The limited seating of 81 people at the club caused a long line of people each night waiting outside and this helped to showcase Jazz, Ltd.'s popularity. During the 1950s Ruth said they were so busy that when Bill was on vacation she devised a way to increase turnover.

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In 1970, Bill and Ruth Reinhardt, along with investors, were building a new Jazz, Ltd. club in the warmer climate of the Bahamas but it did not materialize since the only prospective buyers of the Chicago club wished to convert it into a restaurant.

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salutes Jazz, Ltd. for providing its patrons with America's finest music..." Due to Jazz, Ltd.'s small size, "most tables have to be reserved. People are turned away by the dozens, but the ones in the know called ahead and tables were held for them.

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jazz unless it is heard in an atmosphere of murkiness, strangulating spirits, dirty glasses and soiled napery. Unfortunately, the suspicion that jazz existed only in hideous little subterranean sweat-boxes had assumed the proportions of a tradition.

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Ruth Reinhardt: "Limited space suggested the final name. Jazz, Ltd. has caused much comment, and, having worked for Billy Rose for four consecutive years (1931–35), I realize the commercial value of comment" "Jazz, Ltd." is a registered trademark.

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From the beginning, Jazz, Ltd. had its naysayers, its music format criticized and its club chastised, but the club and the band endured and succeeded beyond Bill and Ruth Reinhardt's expectations. When Jazz, Ltd. opened in June 1947 editors of the

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Ruth claimed it was an advantage to be tone deaf when one spent eight hours a night, six nights per week in a jazz club: "Psychiatrists who come here tell me that if I heard every flat note, every wrong, voicing, I'd probably go out of my mind."

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Despite the hospitality the Reinhardts bestowed upon Bechet, he left unannounced before completing his contract, playing for competitors to Jazz, Ltd. Ruth Reinhardt subsequently won an injunction against Bechet and he never again played in

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Noël Coward and Talullah Bankhead came to "a beastly little club" and sat at a table right under the trumpet. Noel thought the music so cacophonic that he walked out holding his ears with Talullah behind him. The customers were delighted.

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mentions Jazz, Ltd. and our musicians because he is very fair and interested in jazz. Even though we are not part of any WMAQ commercials, he would not ignore us completely. Dale Harrison gave us a lot of space when he wrote for

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architecture. Ruth controlled multiple spotlights on the band to match the mood of the music. This location also had microphones and a speaker system and featured a singer. Due to the union's limit of five-day regular gigs,

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for the clarinet position but he was not available, so Bill took that position permanently. When Jazz, Ltd. moved to a larger location in 1960, Jazz, Ltd. had either six or seven musicians which included a

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To entice people to Jazz, Ltd., Reinhardt dispelled half a century of common misperceptions about jazz music. He used the space on the back of his albums to tell people how Jazz, Ltd. is different:

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was also born to a musical family at the onset of jazz music and he started professionally playing at age 8 in Papa Jack Laine's Reliance Brass Band, considered the very first jazz band.

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that put many jazz bands out of business), refusing business with the mob and playing only Dixieland jazz music, Jazz, Ltd. became one of the longest-running jazz clubs in the country.

1806:: George Frazier, Roger Coster, Fran Byrnne, Jim Bell, Hugh Moffet, John Tiger, Al Turner, Ned Williams, Don J. Anderson, Bill Whitsit, Jack Eigen, Dale Harrison, Paul Eduard Miller, 511:

for ten years and an old friend of the Reinhardts, helped them get their club started. Noted jazz critic and columnist, Paul Eduard Miller, helped the Reinhardts with a mailing list.

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Until 1960, the club was open from 9 PM to 4 AM weekdays and closed Sundays and after 1960 it was open from 9 PM to 5 AM Sunday mornings through a late-hour license.

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There were no less than 31 editor friends of the Reinhardts whose articles contributed to the success of Jazz, Ltd. By the 1950s Jazz, Ltd. had press coverage in

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played in Buddy Bolden's band and was the first jazz drummer to vary his drum patterns while keeping the beat with the bass drum, improvising while performing.

628:...the state of disrepair into which quaint, storied old Fifty-second Street has been allowed to fall. Eddie Condon, who long ago deserted Fifty-second Street. 631:

As far as jazz is concerned, 52nd Street is gasping for breath...Jimmy Ryan's remains to champion the cause that made the famous block a national institution.

350:(actor), Mrs. Rose Movius Palmer (wife of grandson of Potter Palmer—retail magnate), Dr. John T. Reynolds (famous surgeon), Squirrel Ashcraft (jazz musician), 268:

club in 1951, Ruth Reinhardt went to court for an injunction. On Bechet's return to Chicago in 1953, he was served with legal papers for breach of contract.

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A business card reads: "The BEST DIXIELAND BAND in the MOST intimate atmosphere, Superb Liquors, Genteel Clientele, Acclaimed by The Press everywhere"

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played in the band that Buddy Bolden founded and Bechet introduced the soprano saxophone to jazz. Bolden is one of the founders of jazz music.

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led the substitute band in 20 minute sets and finished with "The Saints." Customers left happy and Ruth let in another 81 people to the club.

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Having worked in Broadway shows and nightclubs since 1923 in New York, Ruth Reinhardt was well aware of the demise of jazz on 52nd Street:

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which stated that Paul Eduard Miller and Jazz, Ltd. were sponsoring a concert on May 25, 1947, at Kimball Hall featuring Sidney Bechet and

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was born at the beginning of Dixieland jazz in 1901 into a musical family. He got his professional start in legendary Buddy Petit's band.

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and many others. He is also known for introducing the soprano saxophone to jazz music and forever changing the sound of Dixieland.

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Ruth persuaded friends at Chicago newspapers and jazz magazines into printing many stories about Jazz, Ltd.: "Disc jockey

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Original Jazz, Ltd. band members: Bill Reinhardt (cl), Doc Evans (c), Don Ewell (p), Danny Alvin (d), Munn Ware (tb).

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grandfather, Omar. Bechet was dismissive of technical performers and scorned those who did not perform seriously.

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Franz Jackson's Original Jass All Stars members: Franz Jackson (sax, cl), Bob Schoffner (tp), Albert Wynn (tb).

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Rotzoll, Brenda Warner (February 18, 2001). "OBITUARY: Bill Reinhardt – owned Jazz, Ltd. club on Grand".

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the men gawked at her. So, Ruth took her to the coat check room and helped her put her slacks back on.

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large statue ridiculing women in general. This was also used as part of the logo on Jazz, Ltd. records.

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and guitarist, and a dance floor. This second building was more in keeping with New Orleans' style, in

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Jazz, Ltd. paid their musicians well, $ 100 a week in 1948. This is equivalent to $ 1,268 in 2023.

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Reinhardt, Bill; Coller, Derek; Whyatt, Bert (June 1, 1993). "Bill Reinhardt: Jazz, Ltd. – And More".

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Williams, Jack (February 14, 2001). "OBITUARIES Bill Reinhardt, 94; jazz musician, club owner".

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This negative perception of jazz grew from the Prohibition days when gangsters ran speakeasies.

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Miller, Paul Edwuard (December 3, 1947). "Bechet's Jazz, Ltd. Date First In Chi. Since 1918".

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anon_1 (December 15, 1948). "52nd Street Gasping Last Gasps As Deuces Move Music to Clique".

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in Wellington Oakdale Old Glory Marching Society Marching Band (for St. Joseph's Hospital)

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Choice, Harriet (June 18, 1971). "Jazz By Choice; It's been 25 years for city's oldest".

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Jazz, Ltd. advertisement album card insert (Jazz, Ltd. Volume 3: Dixieland by Request)

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Jazz, Ltd. Dixieland benefit matinee for Chicago heart fund in American Legion hall

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The first advertisement for Jazz, Ltd. was an article appearing in the May 18, 1947

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Weld, Phil (June 13, 1963). "So Who Cares About 'Cleo,' Says Mrs. Burton Here".

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Reinhardt, Ruth Sato (April 21, 1948). "Jazz, Ltd. Owner Tells Tavern's Tale".

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Van Vorst, Paige (Spring 1997). "Sidney Bechet: A Centenary of Remembrance".

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This represents about 1/7th of all musicians at Jazz, Ltd. starting in 1947.

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The band was active from June 1947 to April 1978 and was led and managed by

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Ingle, Don (November 1977). "See what the boys in the backroom will have".

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Reinhardt! Reinhardt!! where were you last night? "at Jazz, Ltd. of course"

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No unescorted ladies and no women served at the bar under any circumstances

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Gilmore, Thomas B. (June 1999). "The Dean of Chicago Jazz Trombonists".

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advertised with a small card on the table to refrain from song requests

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Louis Armstrong's All Stars: the last great era of his life and music

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Newman, W.M.; Willner, Jack (April 22, 1964). "Escaping the Mob".

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country, forbidding singing and dancing (which incurred a 20% war

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Leonard, Will (August 6, 1967). "On The Town, Chicago Visitor".

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Green, Doc (February 9, 1965). "Soaking Up Some Chicago Jazz".

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March of Dimes show at Illinois State University fieldhouse

4014:"Regulations 43, Part 1, Relating to the Tax on Admissions" 3285:

anon_7 (January 28, 1944). "Conferees Vote Tax Increases".

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plays at opening of Arlington Towers Horseshoe club at the

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at benefit for Father Robert Owens in American Legion hall

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anon_4 (September 1, 1959). "Tone Deafness Is Advantage".

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has helped us tremendously, though jazz is not his forte.

35:, during his first residency at Jazz, Ltd. (November 1947) 3031: 2923: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2565: 2356: 814:– as told by Dick Wellstood and Joan Hulbert. Trombonist 3498:. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company. p. 90 ¶1. 3050: 3048: 3046: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2913: 2911: 2526: 2524: 2408: 2020: 354:(vaudevillian, actor), Jack Teagarden (jazz musician), 245:

The most famous musician to headline at Jazz, Ltd. was

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Coward, Noel; Payne, Graham; Morley, Sheridan (1982).

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Illinois Sequicentenial Official State Song "Illinois"

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Jazz, Ltd., Atlantic, Regal, Old Swing-Master, Delmark

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appears Monday nights at Redhead Lounge in Sheraton

3933:Reinhardt, Ruth Sato (February 1970). "Jazz, Ltd". 3764:. Chicago, IL: Tribune Company. p. 11§ 5. 3092: 3019: 2983: 2959: 2536: 2430: 2385: 2335: 2078: 1854:Campbell, Robert L.; Robert Pruter, and Tom Kelly. 1798:: Sidney Harris, Tony Weitzel and Irving Sablosky – 977: 3894:Reinhardt, Bill; Reinhardt, Ruth (December 1994). 3893: 3104: 2874: 2857: 2730: 2693: 2497: 2453: 646:No women in slacks and gentlemen must wear jackets 3491: 3310:"Cabaret Tax Bill Text; Suggestions to Operators" 3185:anon_3 (September 1, 1959). "One Woman's World". 3078: 2485: 2470: 2418: 868:Jazz For Moderns concert at Municipal Auditorium 849:at International Trade Fair daily Navy Pier show 818:, seeing Bechet sit down after playing a solo on 783: 507:Ned Williams, a publicist and managing editor of 4088: 3666:"How Taxes And Moving Changed The Sound Of Jazz" 3512: 3401:Treat it Gentle, an Autobiography, Sidney Bechet 3001: 2705: 4011: 3955:. Chicago, IL: The Tribune Company. p. 71. 3663: 3474:. Chicago, IL: Tribune Co. p. 11 § 2. 2812: 2766: 649:No minors (even 'just to listen and Not drink') 3971:"Liberals, Taxes, and Unintended Consequences" 3960:Schmidt-Jones, Catherine (February 22, 2006). 759:Jazz, Ltd. building 164 E. Grand Ave., in 1960 3959: 3942:R.E.M.W. (March 25, 1944). "Tables for Two". 3829: 3631:. Detroit, MI: Jonathan Wolman. p. 14 D. 3431: 3260:"Conferees Vote to Cut Cabaret Tax to 20 Pct" 2977: 2574: 2014: 1902: 733:Jazz, Ltd. building 11 E. Grand Ave., in 1947 688:Bill and Ruth Reinhardt at Jazz, Ltd. in 1957 443: 3852:Reed, Rod (October 15, 1945). "Blue Notes". 3810:"The First Real Critical Discussion of Jazz" 3701: 3362:anon_11 (September 27, 1958). "After Dark". 4016:. U.S. Dept. of Revenue. Chap. 3 pp. 17-20. 3708:Black Metropolis Research Consortium Survey 3635: 3376:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3353:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3326:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3299:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3276:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3249:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3222:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3199:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3176:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3153:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3087: 2929: 2379: 489: 3745:. New York, NY: Continuum. p. 28 ¶1. 3664:Jarenwattananon, Patric (April 16, 2013). 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 679: 26: 4020: 3988:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 3932: 3923: 3910: 3838: 3773:(Liner notes). Jazz, Ltd band. Jazz, Ltd. 3590:(Liner notes). Jazz, Ltd band. Jazz, Ltd. 3513:Demlinger, Sandor; Steiner, John (2003). 3166:(Liner notes). Jazz, Ltd band. Jazz, Ltd. 2941: 2851: 2610: 2329: 2302: 2072: 2051: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1562:Jazz, Ltd. Volume 3: Dixieland by Request 971:Concert at First National Plaza Oakbrook 947:concert at State Street and Quincy Court 4064: 4055: 4042: 3941: 3534:"How the Taxman Cleared the Dance Floor" 3436:. Stamford, CT: Thomson Schirmer Books. 3432:Campbell, Michael; Brody, James (1999). 3122: 2687: 2675: 2530: 1928: 1748: 1617:Jazz, Ltd. Presents Requiem for 2 Champs 754: 728: 683: 3981: 3950: 3839:Fulbright, Freeman (October 11, 1950). 3816: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3714: 3672: 3594: 3585: 3572: 3450: 3361: 3334: 3098: 3054: 3025: 2989: 2965: 2953: 2899: 2828: 2547: 2515: 2447: 2412: 2350: 2313: 2286: 2259: 2243: 2209: 2197: 2181: 2165: 2149: 2121: 2105: 2093: 1961: 1950: 1939: 1917: 1913: 1911: 1886: 1870: 1833: 1651: 271: 4089: 3968: 3807: 3798: 3738: 3675:"The Wailing Vibrato of Sidney Bechet" 3603: 3544: 3531: 3479:Choice, Harriet (September 19, 1969). 3478: 3469: 3434:Rock and Roll: An Introduction, 2nd ed 3397: 3307: 3284: 3257: 3230: 3207: 3184: 3161: 3138: 3110: 3066: 3013: 2917: 2893: 2887: 2868: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2699: 2663: 2639: 2503: 2296: 2269: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2192: 2186: 2175: 2131: 2003: 1997: 1987: 1967: 1758: 1663: 955:to play at Flaming Sally's in January 724: 665:Additional rules are that Jazz, Ltd.: 438: 3702:Jules, Bergis; Calahan, Lisa (2006). 3688: 3673:Johnson, Michael (January 25, 2015). 3654: 3636:Hodes, Art; Hansen, Chadwick (1992). 3626: 3418: 3384: 2651: 2491: 2479: 2464: 1973: 1922: 1813: 1777: 165: 4033: 4002: 3851: 2711: 2424: 2137: 1944: 1933: 1908: 1711: 931:plays Saturday nights at The Corona 900:plays in front of the Tribune Tower 838: 502: 395:). Bill originally intended to hire 306: 303:, Slide Frog Slide, Wolverine Blues 3212:. Bakersfield, CA: UPI. p. 13. 2628:Reinhardt, Coller & Whyatt 1993 2594:Reinhardt, Coller & Whyatt 1993 2560:Reinhardt, Coller & Whyatt 1993 2276:Reinhardt, Coller & Whyatt 1993 1768: 702: 346:(actress, wife of Richard Burton), 13: 4117:1972 disestablishments in Illinois 4043:Wiedrich, Robert (March 8, 1970). 3982:Stearns, Marshall Winslow (1970). 3517:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 99. 923:on Michigan Ave. for five Mondays 910:Arlington International Racecourse 619: 14: 4138: 3874:10.1038/scientificamerican0897-18 3778:Leonard, Will (August 24, 1968). 3742:Jazz Writings: Essays and Reviews 3723:. Delmark Records. Archived from 3453:Sidney Bechet: The Wizard of Jazz 3164:Dixieland by Request at Jazz, Ltd 4065:Williams, Ned (August 8, 1981). 3898:(CD). Chicago: Delmark Records. 3821:(Liner notes). Jazz, Ltd. band. 3693:(Liner notes). Jazz, Ltd. band. 3638:Hot Man -- The Life Of Art Hodes 3577:(Liner notes). Jazz, Ltd. band. 3545:Forbes, Mike (August 13, 2015). 3425:The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz 3389:(Liner notes). Jazz, Ltd. band. 3189:. Las Vegas, NM: UPI. p. 3. 1859:Red Saunders Research Foundation 1551:Dixieland at Jazz, Ltd. Volume 2 1529:Dixieland at Jazz, Ltd. Volume 1 978:Prospects for another Jazz, Ltd. 535:, directly across the street at 415: 240: 4097:1947 establishments in Illinois 3704:"Paul Eduard Miller Collection" 3532:Felton, Eric (March 17, 2013). 3131: 3079:Coward, Payne & Morley 1982 634:52nd St razed by housewreckers 499:and on WTTW in Chicago (1969). 4112:Music venues completed in 1947 3975:Tammy Bruce Presents Live Wire 3962:"Jack Teagarden. OpenStax CNX" 3717:"Bill Reinhardt and Jazz, Ltd" 3266:. Philadelphia, PA. p. 6. 2731:Reinhardt & Reinhardt 1994 1810:, John Lucas, and Jimmy Cannon 1794:: Will Leonard and Herb Lyon – 1287:Big Mike McKendrick (bj, g, v) 365: 1: 3455:. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press. 3404:. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press. 1861:. Retrieved 10 December 2022. 1827: 710: 3002:Demlinger & Steiner 2003 1584:Jazz Unlimited at Jazz, Ltd. 1521:Jazz, Ltd 101, 201, 301, 401 986: 792: 541:drops in and always has..." 277:Just a Closer Walk with Thee 7: 3289:. Bluefield, WV. p. 1. 3210:The Bakersfield Californian 293:Original Dixieland One-Step 10: 4143: 3808:Morgan, Thomas L. (2007). 3606:Art Hodes Papers 1918–1992 3427:. Oxford University Press. 1499: 1260:Julian "Digger" Laine (tb) 444:Unconventional advertising 154:were the dominant styles. 4038:. Chicago, IL. p. 1. 3969:Shifra (April 10, 2013). 3928:. Chicago, IL: Jazz, Ltd. 3834:. Chicago, IL. p. 1. 3769:Leonard, William (1949). 3287:Bluefield Daily Telegraph 2978:Newman & Willner 1964 2575:Newman & Willner 1964 1903:Campbell & Brody 1999 1512: 1509: 1506: 1263:Preacher Rollo Laylan (d) 99: 74: 66: 58: 53: 25: 18: 4012:US Dept Revenue (1922). 3924:Reinhardt, Ruth (1955). 3784:Chicago Tribune Archives 3618:: CS1 maint: location ( 3586:Frazier, George (1952). 3573:Frazier, George (1951). 3515:Destination Chicago Jazz 3341:Chicago Tribune Archives 3335:anon_10 (May 18, 1947). 3308:anon_8 (March 7, 1942). 3239:. National Park Service. 3233:"Charles "Buddy" Bolden" 1656: 770:Spanish Colonial Revival 669:prohibited table-hopping 490:Conventional advertising 430:Old Swing-Master Records 3739:Larkin, Philip (2004). 3495:The Noël Coward diaries 3398:Bechet, Sidney (2002). 3258:anon_6 (June 6, 1944). 3038:Hodes & Hansen 1992 3016:, Part IV, § Programme. 2930:Hodes & Hansen 1992 2380:Hodes & Hansen 1992 1856:"The Jazz, Ltd. Label." 1729:, and later played for 1573:Dixieland at Jazz, Ltd. 1543:Jazz, Ltd. U2604, U2605 1540:A Tribute to Jazz, Ltd. 1306:Big Chief Russell Moore 1284:Joyce Lacy McDonald (p) 744:IIT Institute of Design 680:Ruth's management style 672:did not tolerate drunks 538:The Journal of Commerce 318:(actor and one of the " 235:Big Chief Russell Moore 3935:International Musician 3604:Gorder, Erica (1998). 3588:A Tribute to Jazz, Ltd 3575:Dixieland At Jazz, Ltd 3451:Chilton, John (1987). 3337:"part 6, p. 4, col. 2" 2642:, § 2 p. 11. 2318:pp. 220, 229, 244, 261 2140:, The 1920s in Jazz ¶3 1365:Dave Remington (tb, p) 857:at Dixieland night at 760: 734: 689: 636: 487: 460:Sunday Chicago Tribune 456: 54:Background information 4107:Jazz clubs in Chicago 4102:Nightclubs in Chicago 3845:The Daily Independent 3817:Muranyi, Joe (1961). 3715:Koester, Bob (2001). 3689:Jones, Wayne (1994). 3264:Philadelphia Inquirer 3187:Las Vegas Daily Optic 1443:Marshall Thompson (d) 1246:Waldren "Frog" Joseph 1215:Ralph Hutchinson (tb) 758: 732: 687: 626: 482: 451: 301:I've Found a New Baby 45:, Bechet, Mel Grant, 4003:Tyle, Chris (2005). 3771:The Jazz, Ltd. Album 2813:Jarenwattananon 2013 2767:US Dept Revenue 1922 1652:Notes and references 1631:Jazz, Ltd. 821J-2939 1518:The Jazz, Ltd. album 1398:Doc Schliesmann (bj) 1194:Joanne Henderson (v) 1158:Rabbitt Gonzalez (s) 784:"Jazz, Ltd." moniker 582:Civil War Roundtable 272:Frequent songs heard 4005:"The 1920s in Jazz" 3866:1997SciAm.277b..18S 3657:The Mississippi Rag 3597:The Mississippi Rag 3538:Wall Street Journal 3419:Burns, Ken (2001). 3385:Beebe, Jim (1994). 3172:cite AV media notes 3125:, Sec. 1, p 2b, ¶2. 1639:Jazz, Ltd. Volume 1 1395:Eddie Schaefer (tb) 1350:Lionel Prowling (p) 1341:Dick Pendleton (cl) 1212:Darnell Howard (cl) 725:Jazz, Ltd. building 439:Formula for success 4127:Jazz record labels 4122:Defunct jazz clubs 3832:Chicago Daily News 3343:. Chicago Tribune. 2015:Schmidt-Jones 2006 1796:Chicago Daily News 1717:He had played for 1595:Jazz at Jazz, Ltd. 1449:Nappy Trottier (t) 1419:Charlie Spero (cl) 1401:Bob Schroeder (cl) 1347:Lloyd Phillips (p) 1176:Fred Greenleaf (t) 999:Jack Alexander (t) 826:Bamboozled Bechet. 761: 735: 690: 602:Chicago Daily News 332:Miguel Covarrubias 297:Royal Garden Blues 166:Notable headliners 4029:(4): 24 Col.2 ¶3. 3995:978-0-19-501269-9 3985:The Story of Jazz 3953:Chicago Sun-Times 3896:Jazz, Ltd. Vol. 1 3819:Jazz at Jazz, Ltd 3786:. Chicago Tribune 3752:978-0-8264-7699-9 3721:rhythm & news 3647:978-0-252-01753-7 3558:978-1-326-38499-9 3524:978-0-7385-2305-7 3505:978-0-8264-7699-9 3462:978-0-306-80678-0 3443:978-0-534-64295-2 3411:978-0-306-81108-1 2956:, p. 206 ¶3. 2518:, p. 207 ¶2. 1808:Freeman Fulbright 1788:Chicago Sun Times 1784:Newspaper editors 1739:Jelly Roll Morton 1649: 1648: 1609:Jazz, Ltd. 11/164 1510:Label, Catalog # 1374:Bob Saltmarsh (d) 1353:Dave Rasbury (tb) 1314:Norman Murphy (t) 1281:Joe Masek (cl, s) 1239:Bill Johnson (sb) 1191:Chuck Hedges (cl) 1173:Harry Graves (tb) 1167:Jimmy Granato (c) 1161:Bobby Gordon (cl) 1146:Tommy Gekler (tb) 1080:Jerry Coleman (d) 1041:Hillard Brown (d) 1008:Bobby Ballard (t) 1005:Bill Bachmann (t) 1002:Lil Armstrong (p) 975: 974: 952:December 30, 1973 916:February 27, 1972 873:December 13, 1964 854:September 3, 1959 839:Other engagements 833:Talullah's throne 610:Chicago Sun Times 503:Editorial friends 358:(news reporter), 328:Tallulah Bankhead 320:Seven Little Foys 307:Celebrity patrons 279:, Jazz Me Blues, 237:and many others. 107: 106: 62:Chicago, Illinois 4134: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4061: 4052: 4039: 4036:Chicago American 4030: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3978: 3965: 3956: 3947: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3907: 3890: 3877: 3848: 3835: 3826: 3823:Atlantic Records 3813: 3804: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3774: 3765: 3756: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3711: 3698: 3691:Jazz, Ltd. vol 1 3685: 3683: 3681: 3669: 3660: 3651: 3632: 3629:The Detroit News 3623: 3617: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3582: 3579:Atlantic Records 3569: 3567: 3565: 3541: 3528: 3509: 3488: 3481:"The Jazz Sound" 3475: 3466: 3447: 3428: 3415: 3394: 3387:Jazz, Ltd. vol 1 3381: 3375: 3367: 3358: 3352: 3344: 3331: 3325: 3317: 3304: 3298: 3290: 3281: 3275: 3267: 3254: 3248: 3240: 3237:New Orleans Jazz 3227: 3221: 3213: 3204: 3198: 3190: 3181: 3175: 3167: 3158: 3152: 3144: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 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1797: 1793: 1789: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1752: 1746: 1715: 1709: 1678: 1504: 1503: 1483:Johnny Windhurst 1470:Kenny White (sb) 1446:Bill Tinkler (t) 1440:Don Thompson (t) 1380:Ray Sassetti (t) 1311:Freddy Moore (d) 1291:Jimmy McPartland 1231:Thomas Jefferson 1164:Wally Gordon (d) 1155:Walt Gifford (d) 1137:Harlen Floyd (t) 1065:Garner Clark (c) 1062:Frank Chace (cl) 936:November 5, 1972 865:November 8, 1959 843: 842: 805:Caviling Coward. 740:Emerson Woelffer 703:Music management 652:No over-crowding 606:Chicago American 454:safe night spot. 422:Atlantic Records 95: 93: 87: 85: 77: 30: 16: 15: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4076: 4074: 4058:San Diego Union 4049:Chicago Tribune 3996: 3789: 3787: 3762:Chicago Tribune 3753: 3730: 3728: 3695:Delmark Records 3679: 3677: 3648: 3611: 3610: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3525: 3506: 3485:Chicago Tribune 3472:Chicago Tribune 3463: 3444: 3412: 3391:Delmark Records 3369: 3368: 3346: 3345: 3319: 3318: 3292: 3291: 3269: 3268: 3242: 3241: 3231:anon_5 (1998). 3215: 3214: 3192: 3191: 3169: 3168: 3162:anon_2 (1955). 3146: 3145: 3134: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2916: 2909: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2875: 2867: 2858: 2850: 2835: 2827: 2818: 2811: 2807: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2662: 2658: 2650: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2617: 2609: 2600: 2592: 2581: 2573: 2566: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2537: 2529: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2471: 2463: 2454: 2446: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2411: 2386: 2378: 2357: 2349: 2336: 2328: 2324: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2297: 2285: 2281: 2274: 2270: 2258: 2254: 2242: 2238: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2176: 2164: 2160: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2120: 2116: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2079: 2071: 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586:Chicago Welcome 566:The Second Line 505: 492: 446: 441: 434:Delmark Records 418: 387:, saxophone or 368: 360:Ernest Ansermet 356:Walter Cronkite 334:(illustrator), 309: 274: 243: 227:Big Sid Catlett 215:Albert Nicholas 168: 110: 91: 89: 83: 81: 75: 49: 37:Left to right: 36: 21: 12: 11: 5: 4140: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4084: 4083: 4073:. New York, NY 4071:New York Times 4062: 4053: 4045:"Tower Ticker" 4040: 4031: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3994: 3979: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3944:The New Yorker 3939: 3930: 3921: 3908: 3891: 3878: 3849: 3836: 3827: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3780:"Will Leonard" 3775: 3766: 3757: 3751: 3736: 3712: 3699: 3686: 3670: 3661: 3652: 3646: 3633: 3624: 3601: 3592: 3583: 3570: 3557: 3542: 3529: 3523: 3510: 3504: 3489: 3476: 3467: 3461: 3448: 3442: 3429: 3416: 3410: 3395: 3382: 3364:WHERE Magazine 3359: 3332: 3305: 3282: 3255: 3228: 3205: 3182: 3159: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3115: 3103: 3091: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3042: 3030: 3018: 3006: 2994: 2982: 2970: 2958: 2946: 2942:Fulbright 1950 2934: 2922: 2907: 2904:p. 206 ¶3 2892: 2873: 2856: 2852:Reinhardt 1948 2833: 2831:, p. 203. 2816: 2805: 2794: 2783: 2771: 2759: 2747: 2735: 2716: 2704: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2654:, p. 14D. 2644: 2632: 2630:, p. 140. 2615: 2611:Fulbright 1950 2598: 2596:, p. 141. 2579: 2564: 2552: 2535: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2484: 2469: 2452: 2429: 2417: 2384: 2355: 2334: 2330:Reinhardt 1970 2322: 2306: 2303:Van Vorst 1997 2295: 2291:p. 207 ¶2 2279: 2268: 2264:pp. 206-7 2252: 2236: 2220: 2208: 2196: 2185: 2174: 2158: 2154:p. 202 ¶5 2142: 2130: 2114: 2110:p. 40¶1-2 2098: 2077: 2073:Reinhardt 1955 2056: 2052:Reinhardt 1948 2019: 2007: 1996: 1977: 1966: 1954: 1943: 1932: 1921: 1907: 1895: 1879: 1863: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1812: 1776: 1767: 1757: 1747: 1735:Duke Ellington 1710: 1705:Jack Teagarden 1699:George Brunies 1661: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642:Delmark DE-226 1640: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1501: 1498: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465:Dick Wellstood 1462: 1456: 1455:Munn Ware (tb) 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435:Blanche Thomas 1432: 1429:Jack Teagarden 1426: 1420: 1417: 1414:Muggsy Spanier 1411: 1408: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390:Emanuel Sayles 1387: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1371:Wally Rose (p) 1369: 1368:Chet Roble (p) 1366: 1363: 1360:Bill Reinhardt 1357: 1356:Jack Reid (tb) 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1317:Sy Nelson (sb) 1315: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1296:Max Miller (p) 1294: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1273: 1272:Art Lyons (cl) 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1221:Jack Ivett (t) 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1147: 1144: 1138: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1099: 1098:Sammy Dean (d) 1096: 1090: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1051: 1050:Hal Carnes (b) 1048: 1045:George Brunies 1042: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1029:Les Beigel (t) 1027: 1026:Jim Beebe (tb) 1024: 1018: 1017:Floyd Bean (p) 1015: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 990: 988: 985: 979: 976: 973: 972: 969: 965: 964: 961: 957: 956: 953: 949: 948: 945: 941: 940: 937: 933: 932: 929: 925: 924: 917: 913: 912: 906: 902: 901: 898: 894: 893: 890: 886: 885: 882: 881:March 28, 1965 878: 877: 874: 870: 869: 866: 862: 861: 859:O'Hare Stadium 855: 851: 850: 847: 840: 837: 794: 791: 785: 782: 726: 723: 712: 709: 704: 701: 681: 678: 677: 676: 673: 670: 663: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 621: 618: 504: 501: 491: 488: 445: 442: 440: 437: 417: 414: 402:string bassist 367: 364: 308: 305: 285:Tin Roof Blues 281:The Charleston 273: 270: 242: 239: 197:, Les Beigel, 191:Muggsy Spanier 187:Jack Teagarden 183:George Brunies 167: 164: 140:Ruth Reinhardt 136:Bill Reinhardt 109:Musical artist 108: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 78: 72: 71: 70:Dixieland jazz 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 39:Bill Reinhardt 31: 23: 22: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4139: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4077:September 15, 4072: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3946:. p. 57. 3945: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3737: 3727:on 2016-03-05 3726: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3680:September 21, 3676: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3564:September 21, 3560: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3315: 3314:The Billboard 3311: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3124: 3123:Wiedrich 1970 3119: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3095: 3088: 3081:, p. 90. 3080: 3075: 3069:, p. 11. 3068: 3063: 3057:, p. 71. 3056: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3040:, p. 96. 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3004:, p. 99. 3003: 2998: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2938: 2932:, p. 98. 2931: 2926: 2920:, p. 13. 2919: 2914: 2912: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2798: 2792: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2768: 2763: 2756: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2713: 2708: 2701: 2696: 2689: 2688:R.E.M.W. 1944 2684: 2677: 2676:Williams 1981 2672: 2666:, p. 10. 2665: 2660: 2653: 2648: 2641: 2636: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2612: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2561: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2532: 2531:Williams 2001 2527: 2525: 2517: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2493: 2488: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2426: 2421: 2414: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2382:, p. 97. 2381: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2331: 2326: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2277: 2272: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2218:, p. 202 2217: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2194: 2189: 2183: 2178: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2139: 2134: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2054:, p. 17. 2053: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2016: 2011: 2005: 2000: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1958: 1952: 1947: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1929:Williams 2001 1925: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1904: 1899: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1860: 1857: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1832: 1816: 1809: 1805: 1785: 1780: 1771: 1761: 1751: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1682:Sidney Bechet 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1598:Atlantic 1338 1597: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1576:Atlantic 1261 1575: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1513:Release date 1505: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1410:Tut Soper (p) 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1333:Floyd O'Brien 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1276:Marty Marsala 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1251:Duke Kane (t) 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225:Franz Jackson 1223: 1220: 1218:Don Ingle (t) 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198:Eddie Higgins 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1170:Mel Grant (p) 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1150:George Gerard 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1132:Pete Fountain 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1110:Ray Dixon (p) 1109: 1106: 1103: 1102:Barrett Deems 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1021:Sidney Bechet 1019: 1016: 1013: 1012:Paul Barbarin 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 991: 984: 970: 967: 966: 962: 959: 958: 954: 951: 950: 946: 944:June 13, 1973 943: 942: 938: 935: 934: 930: 927: 926: 922: 918: 915: 914: 911: 907: 905:July 18, 1969 904: 903: 899: 896: 895: 891: 888: 887: 883: 880: 879: 875: 872: 871: 867: 864: 863: 860: 856: 853: 852: 848: 846:June 18, 1959 845: 844: 836: 834: 830: 827: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 806: 802: 799: 798:Rules recoil. 790: 781: 778: 776: 775:Franz Jackson 771: 765: 757: 753: 750: 745: 741: 731: 722: 719: 708: 700: 696: 693: 686: 674: 671: 668: 667: 666: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 641: 640: 635: 632: 629: 625: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 539: 534: 530: 529: 524: 519: 518: 517:Dave Garroway 512: 510: 500: 498: 486: 481: 478: 475: 473: 467: 465: 461: 455: 450: 436: 435: 431: 427: 426:Regal Records 423: 416:Record labels 413: 411: 407: 403: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 363: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 336:Nelson Algren 333: 329: 325: 321: 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Retrieved 4070: 4067:"Obituaries" 4060:. San Diego. 4057: 4048: 4035: 4026: 4022: 3984: 3974: 3952: 3943: 3934: 3925: 3916: 3912: 3895: 3886: 3882: 3857: 3853: 3844: 3831: 3818: 3800: 3788:. Retrieved 3783: 3770: 3761: 3741: 3729:. Retrieved 3725:the original 3720: 3707: 3690: 3678:. Retrieved 3656: 3637: 3628: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3574: 3562:. 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NPR. 3644: 3555: 3521: 3502: 3459: 3440: 3408: 919:plays 612:, and 123:and a 115:was a 100:Labels 67:Genres 59:Origin 3366:: 13. 3316:: 60. 1657:Notes 1645:1994 1634:1968 1623:1967 1612:1964 1601:1961 1590:1958 1579:1957 1568:1955 1557:1952 1546:1952 1535:1949 749:ASCAP 590:Where 578:Tiger 393:drums 385:piano 148:Bebop 88:–1978 4079:2015 3990:ISBN 3937:: 5. 3900:ASIN 3847:: 5. 3803:: 5. 3792:2016 3747:ISBN 3682:2015 3642:ISBN 3620:link 3599:: 4. 3566:2015 3553:ISBN 3519:ISBN 3500:ISBN 3457:ISBN 3438:ISBN 3406:ISBN 3378:link 3355:link 3328:link 3301:link 3278:link 3251:link 3224:link 3201:link 3178:link 3155:link 3143:: 1. 1431:(tb) 1392:(bj) 1323:(cl) 1308:(tb) 1248:(tb) 1182:(cl) 1134:(cl) 1047:(tb) 546:Time 391:and 375:": ( 322:"), 92:1978 84:1947 80:1947 3887:154 3870:doi 3858:277 1721:in 1485:(t) 1467:(p) 1461:(p) 1437:(v) 1425:(p) 1416:(c) 1407:(d) 1386:(d) 1335:(t) 1302:(t) 1293:(c) 1278:(t) 1257:(d) 1233:(t) 1206:(p) 1200:(p) 1188:(v) 1152:(t) 1143:(p) 1128:(p) 1122:(c) 1116:(d) 1104:(d) 1095:(t) 1089:(t) 1077:(p) 1071:(p) 1056:(d) 1038:(t) 1014:(d) 996:(t) 408:or 127:in 4093:: 4069:. 4047:. 4025:. 3973:. 3917:15 3915:. 3885:. 3868:. 3856:. 3843:. 3782:. 3719:. 3706:. 3616:}} 3612:{{ 3551:. 3536:. 3483:. 3423:. 3374:}} 3370:{{ 3351:}} 3347:{{ 3339:. 3324:}} 3320:{{ 3312:. 3297:}} 3293:{{ 3274:}} 3270:{{ 3262:. 3247:}} 3243:{{ 3235:. 3220:}} 3216:{{ 3197:}} 3193:{{ 3174:}} 3170:{{ 3151:}} 3147:{{ 3045:^ 2910:^ 2902:, 2876:^ 2859:^ 2836:^ 2819:^ 2719:^ 2618:^ 2601:^ 2582:^ 2567:^ 2538:^ 2523:^ 2472:^ 2455:^ 2432:^ 2387:^ 2358:^ 2337:^ 2316:, 2289:, 2262:, 2246:, 2230:, 2168:, 2152:, 2124:, 2108:, 2080:^ 2059:^ 2022:^ 1990:, 1980:^ 1910:^ 1889:, 1873:, 1835:^ 1741:, 1737:, 1733:, 1665:^ 616:. 608:, 604:, 600:, 596:, 592:, 588:, 584:, 580:, 576:, 572:, 568:, 564:, 560:, 556:, 552:, 548:, 525:. 428:, 424:, 412:. 404:, 383:, 379:, 299:, 295:, 287:, 283:, 233:, 229:, 225:, 221:, 217:, 213:, 209:, 205:, 201:, 193:, 189:, 185:, 181:, 177:, 173:, 131:. 41:, 4081:. 4027:8 4007:. 3998:. 3977:. 3964:. 3906:. 3876:. 3872:: 3864:: 3825:. 3812:. 3794:. 3755:. 3734:. 3710:. 3697:. 3684:. 3650:. 3622:) 3581:. 3568:. 3540:. 3527:. 3508:. 3465:. 3446:. 3414:. 3393:. 3380:) 3357:) 3330:) 3303:) 3280:) 3253:) 3226:) 3203:) 3180:) 3157:) 3113:. 3101:. 3028:. 2992:. 2968:. 2890:. 2871:. 2854:. 2733:. 2714:. 2702:. 2690:. 2678:. 2613:. 2577:. 2550:. 2533:. 2506:. 2494:. 2482:. 2450:. 2415:. 2353:. 2332:. 2320:. 2293:. 2266:. 2250:. 2234:. 2172:. 2156:. 2128:. 2112:. 2096:. 2075:. 1994:. 1893:. 1877:. 1786:: 94:) 86:)

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