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The first recorded ascent was on 12 June 1923 by the
Marquis de Segonzac, Vincent Berger and Hubert Dolbeau, but the mountain may well have been climbed before that date. Toubkal's height was measured the following year, and determined as being 4,165 metres (13,665 ft) Nowadays measured at 4,167
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rocks, the
Toubkal massif is an area of volcanic rocks which have weathered into alpine crests, cut by deep, narrow valleys. To the south, the mountain drops steeply down for 1,800 metres (5,906 ft) to a small lake called Lac d'Ifni. To the west, the mountain's edge is marked by a pass, the Tizi
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In summer the mountains can be very dry, but are sometimes subject to storms. Although the temperature should remain above zero during the day, freezing conditions are possible over 3,500m. In winter the mountains are covered in snow and ice, and can be prone to avalanches. Skiing is possible as the
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is crossed and the route follows the left slope of the valley southwards. The valley bends to the east to the tiny settlement of Sidi
Chamharouch, which has grown around a Muslim shrine. At Sidi Chamharouch, the path leads over the stream and runs steeply uphill to the right side of the Isougouane
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The north and western sides of
Toubkal drain down to the Mizane Valley, which has the passes of both Tizi n'Ouanoums and Tizi n'Ouagane at its head. Two hanging valleys on the western side of the mountain - the Ikhibi Nord and Ikhibi South provide ready access for trekkers and climbers to reach
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2) Ikhibi Nord Not as frequently ascended as Ikhibi Sud, but technically easier. The route starts some distance down the valley from the
Toubkal refuge, and turns right (eastwards) to follow a track up through a hanging valley to a col on the north side of Toubkal. Ascent:1,000 metres
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3) West-North-West Ridge (ONO Arete). (First ascent by J de
Lepinay and party, 1936). Infrequently climbed, but a long and pleasant traverse containing many gaps and towers. Some difficulties can be avoided by means of an abseil. Grade III/IV; 7 hours.
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n'Ouanoums at 3,664 metres (12,021 ft). From this pass, the mountain's W-S-W ridge rises up to
Toubkal West, which forms a shoulder at 4,020 metres (13,189 ft) before continuing to the summit at 4,167 metres (13,671 ft).
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Mountains. It is possible to climb mountain
Toubkal in two days - first day up to the refuge (around seven hours), second day to the summit (around four hours ascent, three hours descent) and back to Imlil (up to five hours).
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Toubkal is popular with trekkers and ski mountaineers, but less so with climbers, despite its ease of access and sunny climate. Trekkers usually approach the mountain from
Marrakesh via the road-end village of
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snow can lie to considerable depth and cover many rocky slopes. Information about the state of the route can be obtained at
Marrakesh tourist offices or at Imlil.
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443:(3,281 ft); 3–4 hours. The col also gives access to adjacent peaks of Imouzzer 4,010 m (13,156 ft) and Tibherine 3,887 m (12,753 ft)
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valley, which leads to two stone-built refuges (Refuge du Toubkal and Refuge Les Mouflons) that are often used as base camp at 3,207 m (10,522 ft).
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may be needed on the remaining snowfields in the early summer. The ascent during the end of the winter and spring (February/March) is more difficult;
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543:(Map) (1st ed.). 1:160,000 with mountaineering information. High Atlas Mountains. Cartography by EWP. EWP and West Col Productions. 2008.
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The ascent during the summer (from May) is non-technical yet moderately difficult, complicated only by steep and slippery scree slopes and
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420:(Tizi'n'Toubkal at 3,940m). At the col the route turns left (northwards) up easy slopes to the narrow summit crest of Jebel Toubkal.
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Toubkal's summit. At one time the northern valley provided the normal route of ascent, but the construction of a mountain hut by the
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metres, the summit is crowned with a large pyramidal metal trigonometric marker, and offers views taking in most of the Atlas and
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are necessary to ascend through the snow and - in some cases - ice. Ascent: 960 m (3,150 ft); 2.5 –3 hours.
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1) Ikhibi Sud (normal route). From the Toubkal refuge, a path crosses the stream, climbs a steep
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World mountaineering : the world's great mountains by the world's great mountaineers
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303:. At 4,167 m (13,671 ft), it is the highest peak in Morocco, the
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12 June 1923 by the Marquis de Segonzac, V. Berger, and H. Dolbeau
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315:. Located 63 km (39 mi) south of the city of
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The normal route starts with a walk to the village of
578:(1998). "Jebel Toubkal". In Salkeld, Audrey (ed.).
678:Photo Gallery of Jebel Toubkal and the High Atlas
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335:Although much of the High Atlas consists of
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1522:Saint Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha
30:For other places with the same name, see
668:What to wear on Mount Toubkal in winter?
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27:Highest peak of the Atlas mountain range
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683:Useful information on climbing Toubkal
673:Summitpost.org page about Jbel Toubkal
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582:. Mitchell Beazley. pp. 272–275.
1502:French Southern & Antarctic Lands
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51:Mt Toubkal from summit of Ouanoukrim
470:360 degree panorama from the summit
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607:. Goring: West Col Productions.
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1507:Heard & McDonald Islands
541:Toubkal Massif Map and Guide
493:"Topographic map of Toubkal"
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243:Toubkal Massif Map and Guide
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1558:Highest points of countries
1553:Geography of Marrakesh-Safi
391:The highest peak of Toubkal
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1563:Four-thousanders of Africa
603:Collomb, Robin G. (1980).
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658:Mount Toubkal Group Tours
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1221:Central African Republic
1165:Highest points of Africa
1032:Other peaks & ranges
98:List of Ultras of Africa
32:Toubkal (disambiguation)
663:Routes up Mount Toubkal
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1381:São Tomé and Príncipe
1241:Republic of the Congo
450:On 17 December 2018,
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325:topographic isolation
301:Toubkal National Park
1543:Mountains of Morocco
1078:Geography of Morocco
726:Mountains of Morocco
321:ultra prominent peak
127:31.05963°N 7.91513°W
1458:limited recognition
634:The Washington Post
368:. Beyond Aroumd, a
180:Show map of Morocco
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628:O'Grady, Siobhán.
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383:Tourism in Morocco
346:French Alpine Club
213:Show map of Africa
132:31.05963; -7.91513
94:Country high point
57:Highest point
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550:978-0-906227-98-5
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1396:Sierra Leone
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1201:Burkina Faso
1123:Todgha Gorge
1088:Dadès Gorges
1045:Béni-Snassen
1039:Jbel Lakhdar
942:Mount Zagora
936:Mount Amchad
906:Jbel Kissane
855:Middle Atlas
838:Jebel Yagour
796:Bou Iguenwan
772:Jbel Tifnout
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637:. Retrieved
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576:Hamish Brown
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524:. Retrieved
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254:First ascent
226:Parent range
18:Jbel Toubkal
1456:States with
1411:South Sudan
1301:Ivory Coast
1113:Tizi-n-Test
1098:Tislit Lake
1060:Jbel Saghro
1055:Djebel Bani
998:Ras Foughal
639:22 December
337:sedimentary
130: /
105:Coordinates
81:Ranked 36th
1537:Categories
1471:Somaliland
1391:Seychelles
1356:Mozambique
1341:Mauritania
1326:Madagascar
1216:Cape Verde
1103:Oukaimeden
892:Anti-Atlas
863:Bou Naceur
802:Uwawgulzat
748:Ouanoukrim
734:High Atlas
589:1845331427
526:2012-01-14
502:2023-06-16
476:References
381:See also:
370:floodplain
313:Arab world
115:31°03′35″N
73:Prominence
40:Mt Toubkal
1492:Bir Tawil
1346:Mauritius
1266:Swaziland
1010:Jbel Musa
1004:Gourougou
986:Tidirhine
875:Bou Iblan
778:Tazarhart
331:Geography
317:Marrakesh
143:Geography
118:7°54′54″W
63:Elevation
1446:Zimbabwe
1421:Tanzania
1271:Ethiopia
1246:Djibouti
1211:Cameroon
1196:Botswana
1024:(1025 m)
1000:(1535 m)
994:(1912 m)
988:(2456 m)
963:(1888 m)
944:(1030 m)
938:(1238 m)
932:(2530 m)
926:(2592 m)
924:Kouaouch
920:(2712 m)
914:(3304 m)
908:(1485 m)
902:(2531 m)
883:(2250 m)
881:Tanourdi
877:(3081 m)
871:(3277 m)
869:Mouasker
865:(3340 m)
846:(2205 m)
844:Tassemit
840:(2700 m)
834:(3200 m)
828:(3280 m)
822:(3664 m)
816:(3747 m)
810:(3753 m)
804:(3763 m)
798:(3882 m)
792:(3892 m)
790:Ineghmar
786:(3910 m)
780:(3995 m)
774:(4001 m)
768:(4030 m)
762:(4043 m)
756:(4071 m)
750:(4089 m)
744:(4167 m)
437:crampons
311:and the
293:mountain
248:Climbing
239:Topo map
1517:Réunion
1512:Mayotte
1431:Tunisia
1401:Somalia
1386:Senegal
1371:Nigeria
1361:Namibia
1351:Morocco
1316:Liberia
1311:Lesotho
1261:Eritrea
1231:Comoros
1206:Burundi
1181:Algeria
1093:Kem Kem
1041:(893 m)
1022:Zerhoun
1018:(435 m)
1012:(851 m)
1006:(900 m)
784:Aksoual
742:Toubkal
433:ice-axe
297:Morocco
291:, is a
283:, also
281:Toubkal
204:Toubkal
176:Morocco
169:Toubkal
89:Listing
1441:Zambia
1436:Uganda
1376:Rwanda
1331:Malawi
1291:Guinea
1281:Gambia
1186:Angola
982:(93 m)
930:Imgout
826:Gourza
814:Ayachi
808:Tichki
766:Akioud
760:Afella
611:
586:
547:
377:Routes
366:Aroumd
352:Access
270:South
1416:Sudan
1366:Niger
1321:Libya
1306:Kenya
1286:Ghana
1276:Gabon
1251:Egypt
1191:Benin
992:Kelti
961:Grouz
912:Sirwa
900:Aklim
410:scree
359:Imlil
1426:Togo
1336:Mali
1226:Chad
641:2018
609:ISBN
584:ISBN
545:ISBN
1483:and
972:Rif
418:col
287:or
272:cwm
1539::
632:.
559:^
519:.
495:.
484:^
327:.
307:,
1157:e
1150:t
1143:v
711:e
704:t
697:v
643:.
617:.
592:.
553:.
529:.
505:.
34:.
20:)
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