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Prestidigitateur of France", but he was also using pirated versions of his illusions. Despite this, Robert-Houdin still accomplished a success there. So much so, in 1848, he did a command performance for Queen
Victoria. After a three-month tour of England, he went back home after about a year and a half away. He reopened the theatre and became a permanent fixture in Paris. In 1850, he handed the Palais Royal to his brother-in-law Hamilton (Pierre Etienne Chocat). This left him free to tour France. He did so for two years. Then he went to Germany and on a return engagement to England, where he ended up performing a second time for Queen Victoria.
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announced that he was going to sap his strength. He waved his wand and declared: "Contemplez ! Maintenant vous êtes plus faible qu'une femme ; essayez de soulever la boîte." ("Behold! Now you are weaker than a woman; try to lift the box.") The
Arabian pulled on the handle of the chest, but it would not budge. He tried and tried until he tried to rip it apart. Instead, he screamed in pain, as Robert-Houdin had rigged the box to give the Arabian an electrical shock if he tried to rip the handles off. The Arabian let go of the handle, ran off into the aisle, and ran screaming out of the theatre.
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books piqued his interest in the art. So Robert-Houdin began taking lessons from a local amateur magician. He paid ten francs for a series of lessons from a man named Maous from Blois who was a podiatrist but also entertained at fairs and parties doing magic. He was proficient at sleight of hand, and taught Robert-Houdin how to juggle to improve his hand-eye coordination. He also taught him rudiments of the cups and balls. He told young Robert-Houdin that digital dexterity came with repetition, and as a direct result, Robert-Houdin practiced incessantly.
673:"The blow was struck", Robert-Houdin said, "...henceforth the interpreters and all those who had dealings with the Arabs received orders to make them understand that my pretended miracles were only the result of skill, inspired and guided by an art called prestidigitation, in no way connected with sorcery". He went on to say, "The Arabs doubtless yielded to these arguments, for henceforth I was on the most friendly terms with them." He was rewarded for his services by the French government for suppressing any possible rebellion.
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475:, but the effect was entirely different. Anderson had a box into which items were inserted. The medium would then describe the contents inside. In Robert-Houdin's version, he walked into the audience and touched items that the audience held up, and his blindfolded assistant, played by his son, described each one in detail. It caused a sensation and brought the throng to see his shows.
495:". He took advantage of this by presenting an illusion that appeared to use the pungent liquid. He told the audience that he had discovered a marvelous new property of ether. "If one has a living person inhale this liquid when it is at its highest degree of concentration, the body of the patient for a few moments becomes as light as a balloon," Robert-Houdin claimed.
595:, to his advantage. Robert-Houdin brought on a small wooden box about a foot wide. He said that he had found a way to protect it from thieves. He asked a spectator to lift it, usually a small child. The child lifted it with ease. Then, he brought an adult male up from the audience and asked him to lift the same box. The adult male was unable to lift the box.
163:, France, on 7 December 1805—a day after his autobiography said he was. His father, Prosper Robert, was a watchmaker in Blois. Jean-Eugene's mother, the former Marie-Catherine Guillon, died when he was just a young child. At the age of eleven, Prosper sent his son Jean-Eugène to school thirty-five miles up the
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the rebels to shoot at him with a marked bullet, which he caught between his teeth. He was given a certificate from Bou-Allem, who wore a red robe symbolizing his loyalty to France. With this scroll praising his mysterious manifestations, Robert-Houdin went back to France with the mission accomplished.
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He showed a picture of a cartoon of two cooks fighting with pots. This was followed by three enormous copper pots. One was filled with beans, another with flames bursting forth, and the third pot was filled with boiling water. As an afterthought, he lifted the top flap of the portfolio and pulled out
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He plucked the oranges from the tree and tossed them to the audience to prove they were real. He did this until he only had one left. He waved his wand again, and the orange split open into four sections, revealing a white material of sorts inside of it. Two clockwork butterflies appeared from behind
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Carefully, he picked up the egg. The audience expected him to crack it open and produce the spectator's handkerchief. Instead, he made that disappear too. He told the audience that the egg went to the lemon. This was repeated with the lemon and the orange. When he made the orange disappear, all that
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When Robert-Houdin first opened his theatre, it was sparsely attended and he realized that he needed something more extraordinary that would bring the public to his theatre. So he came upon the idea of doing a two-person mind-reading act, concocting a silly story about how his son Émile had created a
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in what he called "Soirées fantastiques". No critics covered Robert-Houdin's debut, and in his memoirs, Robert-Houdin said that the show had been a disaster. He suffered from stage fright that caused him to talk too fast and in a monotone. He said that he did not know what he was saying or doing, and
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Much of what we know about Robert-Houdin comes from his memoirs—and his writings were meant more to entertain than to chronicle, rendering it difficult to separate fact from fiction. Robert-Houdin would have readers believe that a major turning point in his life came when he became apprenticed to the
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He did a brief tour of France and then, at the age of 48, retired from public performances. He gave the theatre back to
Hamilton, who continued to fill the little theatre. After Robert-Houdin retired, he devoted himself to his inventions with electricity and his writings. His home, "Le Prieuré" (the
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Robert-Houdin's little theatre became a mecca for magic enthusiasts. Herrmann was a constant visitor to the Palais Royal. It became the place for the Paris elite to go. Even King Louis
Philippe rented out the room for a private performance. After the triumph he gave at the Royal Palace, in 1847, the
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This trick was likely inspired by the Indian mango tree trick, where a performer would grow a tree from a seed to a sprout, then into a tree with fruit. On one of Robert-Houdin's side tables, he had an egg, a lemon, and an orange. He went into the audience and borrowed a lady's handkerchief that was
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Now that he had free time, he began constructing equipment for his own use instead of selling it to others. The income from the shop and his new inventions gave him enough money to experiment on new tricks using glass apparatus that would be (or at least appear to be) free of trickery. He envisioned
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After his performances were done, he gave a special presentation for several chief men of their tribe. He was invited to the home of the head of the tribe of the desert interior, Bou-Allem. In dawn of the Arab desert, Robert-Houdin was challenged to do a special trick. He obliged by inviting one of
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during these performances, but instead of playing it for comedy as he had in Paris, here he played it straight. Robert-Houdin once invited the strongest tribesman on stage and asked the
Arabian to pick up the wooden chest placed on stage. The Arabian picked it up with no problem. Then Robert-Houdin
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After the first show, he was close to having a nervous breakdown. He closed the theatre and had every intention to close it for good, until a friend agreed that the venture was a silly idea. Instead of admitting defeat, Robert-Houdin, irked at the friend's effrontery, used this insult to regain his
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He moved to Paris and worked in his father-in-law's wholesale shop. Jacques-François was among the last of the watchmakers to use the old method of handcrafting each piece and embraced his new son-in-law's ambitions for mechanism. While Houdin worked in the main shop, Jean-Eugène was to tinker with
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He performed at social parties as a professional magician in Europe and the United States. It was during this period while at a party that he met Josèphe Cecile Houdin, the daughter of a
Parisian watchmaker, Jacques-François Houdin, who also originally came from Blois. Jean-Eugène fell in love with
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A small orange tree planted in a wooden box was brought forth by one of his assistants. The audience noticed that the tree was barren of any blossoms or fruit. The blue flame from the vial was placed underneath it. The vapors from it caused the leaves to spread and sprout orange blossoms from it.
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Robert-Houdin is often credited as being "the father of modern magic". Before him, magicians performed in marketplaces and fairs, for the lower classes, but Robert-Houdin performed magic in theatres and private parties for wealthier patrons. He also chose to wear formal clothes, like those of his
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He set it on two thin trestles to hold the case with the spine facing the audience. He removed the expected drawings from it. One of those pictures showed a bareheaded woman. Then, he produced two lady's bonnets decorated with flowers; one for winter, the other for summer. He lowered the flap for
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and bearing the official label of "Musée de France", it is the only public museum in Europe that incorporates in one place collections of magic and a site for permanent performing arts. The creation of such a site is directly linked to the personality of Robert-Houdin. Several of Robert-Houdin's
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When it was apparent that the drug was wearing off, Robert-Houdin returned his son to his upright position. When he woke up, he seemed no worse for wear. Robert-Houdin built up the surprise of spectators until, "… by gradually heightening it up to the moment when, so to speak, it exploded." This
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Robert-Houdin made the test even more difficult. He placed a glass of water into his son's hands, and Émile proceeded to drink from it. He was able to perceive the taste of the liquids that spectators from the audience merely thought of. Even then, the audiences were not entirely convinced; they
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Robert-Houdin combined his mechanical abilities along with "showmanship, humour, and artistic handling" to produce his illusions. Robert-Houdin felt that every magic programme should be arranged so one trick builds upon the others. One surprise should lead to an even bigger surprise. Some of the
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From that point on, he became very interested in the art. He was upset that the books he got only revealed how the secrets were done but did not show how to do them. He found that learning from the books available in those days was very difficult due to the lack of detailed explanations, but the
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December 1852, the Theatre Robert-Houdin moved from its original location to the Boulevard des Italiens in Paris. Ownership passed from Hamilton to Cleverman (François Lahire), then to Robert-Houdin's son Émile. Emile was too busy to perform at the theatre, so he arranged for Pierre Edouard
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Robert-Houdin took the stool away from his son's feet, and he just hung limp as a rag. He took away one of the canes, so he was dangling by one arm, and carefully placed his head against his upraised hand. This was startling enough. What he did next was stunning. He lifted his boy upright in a
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Eventually, Robert-Houdin changed the method, so instead of asking his son what was in his hands, he simply rang a bell. This stunned those that suspected a spoken code. He would even set the bell off to the side and remain silent, and his son still described every object handed to his father.
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His penmanship was excellent, and it landed him a job as a clerk for an attorney's office. Instead of studying law, he tinkered with mechanical gadgets. His employer sent him back to his father. He was told that he was better suited as a watchmaker than a lawyer, but by then, Jean's father had
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He walked forward towards the audience with the square cage, and they applauded thinking the trick was over. "Nothing here now—neither anything, nor anybody," he said as he knocked on the upright flap. For a finale, he closed the portfolio one last time and produced his young son from it.
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With a company of French dramatists, Robert-Houdin made his
English debut at the St. James Theatre in London. He presented his programme three times a week. Much to his dismay, he found out that Compars Herrmann beat him to the territory. Not only was he billing himself as "the Premier
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The following
February, a revolution ended the reign of Louis-Philippe. With it, show business also ended. The Revolution closed all Parisian theatres. Robert-Houdin shut down his theatre and went on the road. He toured the Continent briefly, and then he headed off to Great Britain.
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He proceeded to "prove" just that. He placed three stools on a wooden bench. His youngest son Eugène stood on the middle one. With the instructions from his father, he extended his arms. Robert-Houdin placed two canes on top of the stools and positioned them under his son's arms.
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On 19 October 1843, Josèphe died at the age of thirty-two, having been ill for months. At her death, having three young children to take care of, he remarried in August to Françoise
Marguerite Olympe Braconnier, a woman ten years younger, who soon took over the household.
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He took a vial of ether and opened it. The audience smelled it wafting through the theatre. He placed the vial under his son's nose, and he went limp. In reality, the vial was empty, with the odour being produced by his son Émile pouring real ether on a hot iron shovel.
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on the end of a name meant "like" in French; but Houdini, his own career and reputation established by that time, later lost his youthful respect for Robert-Houdin, believing that he took undue credit for other magicians' innovations, and wrote
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Conjuring: Being a Definitive Account of the Venerable Arts of Sorcery, Prestidigitation, Wizardry, Deception, & Chicanery and of the Mountebanks & Scoundrels Who Have Perpetuated These Subterfuges on a Bewildered Public, in Short,
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He obtained financial backing from Count de l'Escalopier, who fronted him the 15,000 francs to turn his vision into reality. He rented out a suite of rooms above the archways around the gardens of the Palais Royal, which was once owned by
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Four days later, Robert-Houdin was to find out that his son had died of his wounds. With the stress from that and the war, his health deteriorated, and he contracted pneumonia. On 13 June 1871, he died of his illness at the age of 65.
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Robert-Houdin's inventions were pirated by his trusted mechanic Le Grand, who was arrested for making and selling duplicate illusions. Many of those illusions fell into the hands of his competitors, such as John Henry Anderson, Robin,
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At Papa Roujol's, Robert-Houdin learned the details to many of the mechanical tricks of the time as well as how to improve them. From there, he built his own mechanical figures, like a singing bird, a dancer on a tightrope, and an
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Robert-Houdin loved to watch the big magic shows that came to Paris. He dreamed about some day opening his own theatre. In the meantime, he was hired by a friend by the name of Count de l'Escalopier to perform at private parties.
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This is the public "dragons" display at Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin's house in Blois, which has been turned into a museum. The "dragons" move in and out of the windows in a theatrical display. A statue of Robert-Houdin is at lower
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292:. He hired workmen to redesign the old assembly room into a theatre. They painted it white with gold trim. Tasteful drapes were hung, chic candelabras were placed throughout, and the stage furniture was set in the style of
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The fourth volume contains facsimiles of fantastic memories of evenings in which the reproduction of two models of fans, a DVD and a flip book were created for the occasion on the basis of a series of photographs taken by
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Robert-Houdin brought in under his arm a large portfolio used for holding documents or art work. The portfolio was only about one and three-quarters of an inch thick, too small or too thin to hold anything but pictures.
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The number of tricks he invented for his theatre was extensive, but his most remarkable one was the "Light and Heavy Chest". He took advantage of the infancy of the usage of electricity, especially the then-novelty of
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horizontal position by his little finger and then let go until he was suspended in mid air. Robert-Houdin stepped away to leave his son in that suspended state, balanced only by his right elbow and no other support.
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The magical mission began with an informal show at the Bab Azoun Theatre in Algeria, where he would give performances twice weekly. He also gave many special galas before the country's tribal chiefs. He used
796:(born Ehrich Weiss) was so impressed by Robert-Houdin that, after reading his autobiography in 1890, Weiss adopted the stage name of "Houdini" in honour of Robert-Houdin. He incorrectly believed that an
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captured Paris, and Robert-Houdin hid his family in a cave near his property. The Russian soldiers were very rude, according to Robert-Houdin, but he found the Polish soldiers to be a lot kinder.
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courage, and persevered in giving the show a long run at his little theatre. Although the forty-year-old magician was unpolished at first, he soon gained the confidence required for the stage.
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1014:, Travel Channel television program, featured the story of Robert-Houdin's Algerian mission and the role of the wooden chest now on display at the Salon de Magie. Portrayed by American actor
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drew the audiences into the little theatre. Once there, they saw the other creations Robert-Houdin had to offer. He also performed outside Paris, sometimes with local magicians, as he did in
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in style then. He rolled it into a ball. He rubbed the ball in between his hands, and the handkerchief got smaller and smaller until it disappeared, passing through to the egg on the table.
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her at their first meeting. On 8 July 1830, they were married; he then hyphenated his own name to hers and became Robert-Houdin. He and Josèphe had eight children, of whom three survived.
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everything was a blur. He believed that a magician should not present a trick until it was mechanically perfected to be certain of avoiding failure, and this caused him to over-rehearse.
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a stage that would be as elegant as the drawing rooms in which he was hired to perform. He also decided that a magician should be dressed as such by wearing traditional evening clothes.
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in 1888. Méliès, himself a magician but best known to history as one of the greatest early innovators of film making, later presented his first movies there. He accidentally discovered
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said that every magician of the 20th century was "haunted" by Robert-Houdin, "... who cast an enormous shadow over their generation". Hungarian-American magician and escape artist
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each production. Then, he showed a picture of birds, followed by a stuffed bird flat as a pancake. With that, he proceeded to produce from the portfolio four live turtle doves.
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215:. Instead of returning the books, his curiosity got the better of him. From those crude volumes, he learned the rudiments of magic. He practiced at all hours of the day.
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The following year, he added a new trick to his programme that became especially popular. Seats at the Palais Royal were at a premium. This new marvel was called
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171:. At 18, he graduated and returned to Blois. His father wanted him to be a lawyer, but Robert-Houdin wanted to follow in his father's footsteps as a watchmaker.
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brought letters of protest against Robert-Houdin, thinking he was putting his son's health in jeopardy, although the ether had nothing to do with the trick.
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magician Edmund De Grisi, Count's son and better known as Torrini. What is known is that his early performing came from joining an amateur acting troupe.
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1820:– TV documentary (French) produced in 1995 and released on DVD (French and English version) in 2005, with extra footage and documentary material.
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in the 1830s. The illusion was also reported to be performed by an Indian conjuror before that, but sitting cross-legged rather than lying down.
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When he got home and opened the wrapping, instead of the Berthoud books, what appeared before his eyes was a two-volume set on magic called
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Note sur de nouveaux instruments propres à l'observation des divers organes de l'œil ainsi qu'à la manifestation des images entoptiques
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the tree. The butterflies grabbed the end of the corner of the white cloth and spread it open, revealing the spectator's handkerchief.
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doing the cups and balls. His most acclaimed automaton was his writing and drawing figure. He displayed this figure before
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already retired, so he became an apprentice to his cousin who had a watch-shop. For a short time, Jean-Eugène worked as a
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653:". These areas were closed off to colonization by the Europeans. Napoleon III was worried about religious leaders called
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both said that his mechanical marvels and artistic magic were comparable to those of his predecessors like Philippe and
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continued. When he felt he was ready, he moved to Tours and set up a watchmaking business, doing conjuring on the side.
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was left was a fine powder. This was placed into a silver vial. He soaked this vial with alcohol and set it on fire.
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After his mission in Algeria was completed, Robert-Houdin gave his last public performance at the Grand Théâtre in
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Robert-Houdin then picked up his magic wand and waved it. The flowers disappeared and oranges bloomed forth.
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Josèphe Cecile Houdin (1830–1843; her death) François Marguerite Olympe Braconnier (1844–1871; his death)
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During Robert-Houdin's time, all of Paris was enthusiastically talking about the mysterious uses of "
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tried to trip up Émile by bringing in books written in Greek, or odd tools such as a thread counter.
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special effects and presented his creation at the Theatre Robert-Houdin. One of his classics is
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In the mid-1820s, he saved up to buy a copy of a two-volume set of books on clockmaking called
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regiment. On 6 August 1870, Robert-Houdin heard news of his son being mortally wounded at the
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Robert-Houdin was not the first to perform the Levitation Illusion. The first in Europe was
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With each performance, Robert-Houdin got better, and he began to receive critical acclaim.
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1676:. Vol. 1. Translated by Stacey Dagron (from the French). Boulogne: Editions F.C.F.
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more upscale audiences, which has become a tradition for many modern magicians who wear
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He named the trick "Second Sight", a title that was already used by magicians such as
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tricks and illusions Robert-Houdin presented became classics. Here are a few of them.
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Hiding the elephant: how magicians invented the impossible and learned to disappear
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Le Prieuré, organisations mystérieuses pour le confort et l'agrément d'une demeure
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The Lock and Key Library, the most interesting stories of all nations: Real life
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Comment on devient sorcier: les secrets de la prestidigitation et de la magie
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king decided to take his entourage to see Robert-Houdin at the Palais Royal.
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Discussion of a Poster advertising Robert-Houdin's Ethereal Suspension, 1848
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game of hot and cold that resulted in Robert-Houdin using it for the stage.
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Les Tricheries des Grecs dévoilées ; l'art de gagner à tous les jeux
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The Marvelous Orange Tree trick was used by the eponymous conjurer in
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studio. This flip book was finalized based on an idea outlined by
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The Magic of Robert-Houdin: "An Artist's Life": Biographical Essay
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apparatuses, including automata and mystery clocks, reside in
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His home in Blois is open to the public as the publicly owned
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to describe a major misdirection technique magicians used.
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Illustrated History of Magic by Milbourne Christopher 1973
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Magischer Zirkel der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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On 3 July 1845, Robert-Houdin premiered his 200-seat
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Magic was his pastime, and meanwhile, his studies in
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Confidences d'un prestidigitateur, une vie d'artiste
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Fédération Française des Artistes Prestidigitateurs
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746:After his death, Émile's widow sold the theatre to
344:in 1846 with the then well-known Belgian magician
1342:
2408:
1573:"Blois, Le Pays de Chambord, Maison de la Magie"
1496:
1420:"Blois, The House of Magic Celebrates Ten Years"
858:Statue in front of Robert-Houdin's home in Blois
1922:Fédération Internationale des Sociétés Magiques
131:; 7 December 1805 – 13 June 1871) was a French
1597:
959:Escamotage d'une dame au théâtre Robert Houdin
1993:
1862:
1672:Fechner, Christian (2002). Karr, Todd (ed.).
1655:
818:Many cities have streets that bear his name:
159:Robert-Houdin was born Jean-Eugène Robert in
1607:. New York: The Publisher's Printing Company
1226:The Magic of Robert-Houdin: An Artist's Life
581:
560:
521:
1736:Works by or about Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin
928:, 1868. Réédition: Slatkine, Genève, 1980
636:
2000:
1986:
1869:
1855:
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1330:(2nd ed.). London: Chapman & Hall
486:
38:
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1435:
1433:
1353:(New York: Publishers Printing Co., 1908)
874:in Paris, where one could experience the
775:", notably in the trilogy's third novel,
446:Learn how and when to remove this message
1565:
968:Escamotage d'une dame chez Robert-Houdin
953:
760:. In 1924, the building was demolished.
716:
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193:("Treatise on Clockmaking"), written by
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767:. His life and works are also cited in
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2238:Mark Wilson's Complete Course In Magic
2007:
1927:International Brotherhood of Magicians
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633:Priory), was a marvel in advancement.
155:Early life and entrance into conjuring
1981:
1850:
1627:
1539:
1258:
598:
126:
1515:David Copperfield's History of Magic
1245:
693:. His son Eugène was a captain in a
384:adding citations to reliable sources
355:
1807:Robert-Houdin and the Spiritualists
1656:Robert-Houdin, Jean Eugène (1881).
1366:
1290:
1222:
1133:
1055:
728:La Maison de la Magie Robert-Houdin
351:
13:
1745:Works by Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin
1727:Works by Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin
1665:
1517:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1412:
14:
2458:
1902:Brotherhood of Auckland Magicians
1720:
1547:"House of Magic – Blois (French)"
1338:– via the Internet Archive.
980:Robert-Houdin une vie de magicien
975:, first film with special effects
763:Robert-Houdin's autobiography is
687:Confidences d'un Prestidigitateur
234:Marriage to Josèphe Cecile Houdin
2051:
1817:Robert-Houdin, A Magician's Life
1752:
1633:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1268:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
863:
851:
574:a large cage filled with birds.
360:
2447:Deaths from pneumonia in France
1897:Australian Society of Magicians
883:
462:
371:needs additional citations for
2427:19th-century French memoirists
1942:Magicians Association of Korea
1912:Conjuring Arts Research Center
1792:The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin
1704:The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin
1658:Secrets of Conjuring and Magic
1604:The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin
1441:"House of Magic Robert-Houdin"
1422:. 11 June 2008. Archived from
1040:
804:The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin
1:
1962:Society of American Magicians
1810:Harper's New Monthly Magazine
1396:Carroll & Graf Publishers
1363:) Retrieved 14 December 2013.
1237:– via Internet Archive.
1047:"Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin".
1034:
743:Brunnet to present the show.
2214:The Expert at the Card Table
2198:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
1967:Swedish Magic Circle Society
1474:Art Museums around the world
765:The Memoirs of Robert-Houdin
7:
2230:Thirteen Steps to Mentalism
1751:(public domain audiobooks)
1022:
557:'s short story "Sentence".
395:"Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin"
283:Opening the "Palais Royale"
16:French magician (1805–1871)
10:
2463:
1947:Magicians Guild of America
1837:MagicPedia – Robert Houdin
1513:; Britland, David (2021).
1351:Unmasking of Robert-Houdin
943:Magie et physique amusante
931:Texte en ligne sur Gallica
926:Confidences et révélations
263:and eventually sold it to
128:[ʒɑ̃øʒɛnʁɔbɛʁudɛ̃]
18:
2383:
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2256:
2189:
2151:
2060:
2049:
2015:
1882:
1800:The Old and the new magic
1445:Museums in Central Region
914:Texte en ligne su Gallica
870:Commemorative plaque, 11
712:
663:The Light and Heavy Chest
641:In 1856, he was asked by
582:The light and heavy chest
561:Robert-Houdin's portfolio
522:The Marvelous Orange Tree
120:Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin
109:
91:
72:
46:
37:
32:Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin
30:
1892:American Museum of Magic
1828:Harry Houdini Collection
1824:Memoirs of Robert-Houdin
1784:Memoirs of Robert-Houdin
1761:A Conjurer's Confessions
1386:Steinmeyer, Jim (2004).
1327:Memoirs of Robert-Houdin
898: : vol. 1 et vol. 2
645:to pacify the tribes in
637:Magic mission to Algeria
102:, inventor, author, and
19:Not to be confused with
1957:Red de Magos Solidarios
1887:Academy of Magical Arts
1701:Houdini, Harry (2015).
1011:Mysteries at the Museum
487:The ethereal suspension
2279:Hugard's Magic Monthly
1802:by Henry Ridgely Evans
1322:Wraxall, Sir Lascelles
961:
836:Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt
723:
190:Traité de l'horlogerie
84:Saint-Gervais-la-Forêt
2432:Animatronic engineers
2350:Films about magicians
1932:List of magic museums
1628:Randi, James (1992).
1320:Robert-Houdin, Jean;
1029:List of magic museums
957:
846:, Italy; and others.
720:
616:Robert-Houdin on tour
589:Hans Christian Ørsted
301:Théâtre Robert-Houdin
212:Scientific Amusements
205:Introduction to magic
175:Apprentice clockmaker
169:University of Orléans
124:French pronunciation:
1579:on 10 September 2011
1553:on 12 September 2011
1223:Fechner, Christian.
950:Films and television
876:Soirées fantastiques
677:Retirement and death
380:improve this article
243:mechanical toys and
2396:Midnight ghost show
2321:Smoke & Mirrors
1877:Magic organizations
1832:Library of Congress
1786:by M. Robert-Houdin
1763:by M. Robert-Houdin
894:Texte en ligne sur
786:Hiding the Elephant
739:'s private museum.
691:Franco Prussian War
473:John Henry Anderson
261:King Louis Philippe
2009:Magic and illusion
1507:Copperfield, David
1426:on 2 January 2013.
962:
757:A Trip to the Moon
724:
599:Inventions pirated
290:Cardinal Richelieu
249:"prestidigitation"
195:Ferdinand Berthoud
51:Jean-Eugène Robert
2442:People from Blois
2404:
2403:
1975:
1974:
1777:Project Gutenberg
1731:Project Gutenberg
1683:978-2-907584-05-0
1524:978-1-9821-1291-2
1355:(Kindle edition:
933:
916:
899:
737:David Copperfield
544:Steven Millhauser
456:
455:
448:
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245:automatic figures
117:
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2437:French magicians
2391:Indian magicians
2293:The Linking Ring
2055:
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1995:
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1937:The Magic Circle
1907:College of Magic
1871:
1864:
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1847:
1794:by Harry Houdini
1779:
1756:
1755:
1740:Internet Archive
1716:
1714:
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1695:Jean-Guy Fechner
1687:
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1620:
1617:Internet Archive
1615:– via the
1614:
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1589:
1588:
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1584:
1575:. Archived from
1569:
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1549:. Archived from
1543:
1537:
1536:
1511:Wiseman, Richard
1503:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1480:. Archived from
1470:"House of Magic"
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878:of Robert-Houdin
867:
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830:, Paris (11th),
778:World of Wonders
773:Deptford Trilogy
769:Robertson Davies
732:museum of France
703:Hessian Soldiers
610:Compars Herrmann
593:electromagnetism
591:'s discovery of
555:Donald Barthelme
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325:Bartolomeo Bosco
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2365:Publications
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2206:Modern Magic
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2196:
2171:Misdirection
2166:Equivocation
1816:
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1709:. Retrieved
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1609:. Retrieved
1603:
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1581:. Retrieved
1577:the original
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1551:the original
1541:
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1486:. Retrieved
1482:the original
1473:
1449:. Retrieved
1444:
1424:the original
1414:
1390:. New York:
1387:
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1332:. Retrieved
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1260:Randi, James
1231:. Retrieved
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378:Please help
373:verification
370:
338:Second Sight
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2422:1871 deaths
2417:1805 births
2265:Abracadabra
2257:Periodicals
2033:Conventions
994:(2006 film)
838:in France;
752:stop-action
141:illusionist
100:illusionist
2411:Categories
2328:The Sphinx
2190:Guidebooks
2161:Levitation
2154:techniques
2152:Tricks and
2118:Mathemagic
2108:Escapology
2093:Children's
2077:techniques
2023:Assistants
1649:1001920366
1533:1236259508
1361:B003P9X4BA
1049:Britannica
1035:References
982:, film of
840:Monticiano
813:tail-coats
406:newspapers
182:watchmaker
133:watchmaker
104:clockmaker
57:1805-12-07
2355:Magicians
2246:Conjuring
2083:Cardistry
1826:From the
1265:Conjuring
807:in 1908.
683:Marseille
655:Marabouts
257:automaton
145:conjuring
2370:Timeline
2307:Magigram
2286:The Jinx
2128:Platform
2038:Exposure
1749:LibriVox
1611:26 March
1601:(1908).
1583:13 April
1557:12 April
1488:12 April
1451:13 April
1334:29 April
1324:(1860).
1284:26162991
1262:(1992).
1233:29 April
1023:See also
294:Louis XV
224:horology
137:magician
96:Magician
86:, France
67:, France
2384:Related
2360:Museums
2314:Mahatma
2225:(1928–)
2087:history
2068:Bizarre
2016:General
1830:at the
1738:at the
1711:23 July
1691:Disdéri
1051:. 2007.
911:, 1867
824:Bourges
420:scholar
167:to the
2375:Tricks
2249:(1992)
2241:(1975)
2233:(1961)
2217:(1902)
2209:(1876)
2201:(1584)
2143:Street
2133:Séance
2123:Mental
2113:Gospel
2061:Genres
2043:Stores
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1631:MAGIC!
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1240:Vol. 2
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999:2011:
989:2006:
978:1995:
965:1896:
945:, 1877
939:, 1871
922:, 1867
905:, 1861
834:, and
722:right.
713:Legacy
695:Zouave
608:, and
551:(2006)
422:
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408:
401:
393:
110:Spouse
2338:Lists
2300:Magic
2272:Genii
2138:Stage
2028:Clubs
844:Siena
820:Blois
493:ether
427:JSTOR
413:books
342:Liège
165:Loire
161:Blois
149:Paris
65:Blois
2103:Coin
2073:Card
1713:2016
1678:ISBN
1645:OCLC
1635:ISBN
1613:2011
1585:2011
1559:2011
1529:OCLC
1519:ISBN
1490:2011
1453:2011
1400:ISBN
1357:ASIN
1336:2016
1280:OCLC
1270:ISBN
1235:2016
1002:Hugo
828:Caen
771:'s "
399:news
317:and
139:and
73:Died
47:Born
1775:at
1747:at
1729:at
842:in
382:by
2413::
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