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in the late 18th century, clocks, especially pocket watches, became regarded as fashion accessories and were made in increasingly decorative styles. By 1796, the industry reached a high point with almost 200,000 clocks being produced annually in London. However, by the mid-19th century the industry
258:
constructed in the 16th and 17th centuries. By the 19th century, clock parts were beginning to be made in small factories, but the skilled work of designing, assembling, and adjusting the clock was still done by clockmaking shops. By the 20th century,
387:. It had a number of threaded die holes of different sizes for making different threads. A piece of wire was inserted in a hole and turned to cut a thread on the end. Then a head would be formed on the other end of the wire to make a screw.
230:
is said to date from 1390, about a century after the first mechanical clocks appeared. From the beginning in the 15th century through the 17th century, clockmaking was considered the "leading edge", most
428:
adjacent to the handle. To start an interior cut, a hole was drilled and the blade was inserted and reattached to the saw. This device was popular among clockmakers to repair the ends of clock hands.
254:
Prior to 1800 clocks were entirely handmade, including all their parts, in a single shop under a master clockmaker. Examples of these complex movements can be seen in the many
373:
was balanced and circular. The pivots of the wheel were mounted in the caliper. An index arm was moved next to the edge and the wheel was spun to see if the edge was true.
325:
Quality control and standards were imposed on clockmakers by the
Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, a guild which licensed clockmakers for doing business. By the rise of
172:
and instructions for numerous types of clocks and time pieces that vary from antique clocks to modern time pieces in order to fix and make clocks or watches. The
322:
Company. There are many guilds where clockmakers meet to buy, sell and get clocks to repair from customers, the IWJG is one of the most prominent in the world.
294:
As the art of making clocks became more widespread and distinguished, guilds specifically for this trade emerged around the sixteenth century. One of the first
207:
abilities of the original craftsmen. A qualified clockmaker can typically design and make a missing piece for a clock without access to the original component.
334:
craftsmen, and in the 19th century the Swiss industry "gained worldwide supremacy in high-quality machine-made watches". The leading firm of the day was
994:
362:
Early clockmakers fashioned all the intricate parts and wheelwork of clocks by hand, using hand tools. They developed specialized tools to help them.
601:
1062:
448:
and the worker held a cutting or polishing tool on a tee-shaped tool rest with one hand, and shifted the bow back and forth to spin the part.
1096:
457:: The flat end of the tool was for general use, whereas the radiused peen end was used for flattening rivet heads. This tool was used for
393:: Hardened steel files were used to shape the metal before it was used to make and fit wheels or plates. There were many variations of
947:
330:
had gone into steep decline from Swiss competition. Switzerland established itself as a clockmaking center following the influx of
1187:
239:, as for a long time they were the only craftsmen around trained in designing precision mechanical apparatus. In one example, the
214:; the skills and tools required are different enough that watchmaking is a separate field, handled by another specialist, the
1300:
563:
Artist Tony Troy creates the
Illustration titled "The Clockmaker" in 2003 for his Broadway musical "The Fluteplayer's Song".
1628:
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61:
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957:
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108:
369:: This device was used in fashioning the wheels and gearwork of the clock, to make sure the wheel, particularly the
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68:
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designs allowed the entire clock to be assembled in factories, and clockmakers specialized in repair of clocks.
46:
1131:
434:: An iron vertical plunger was used with an array of stakes for placing rollers and balanced wheels on staffs.
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used for furbishing parts and for working gear blanks to size. During use, the device was clamped in a
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199:, handmade or one-of-a-kind clocks for which parts are not available, they must have some of the
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35:
1680:
168:, and places devoted strictly to repairing clocks and watches. Clockmakers must be able to read
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857:
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722:
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1225:(2nd, revised and expanded ed.). Canton, Michigan: Visible Ink Press. pp. 591–592.
800:
589:
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546:
425:
302:; the group formed after a small number of foreign-trained clockmakers spent time working in
260:
560:, published by German publisher Image Publishing, that focuses on the life of a clockmaker.
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8:
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160:-made, most modern clockmakers only repair clocks. Modern clockmakers may be employed by
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who designed and built clocks by hand. Since modern clockmakers are required to repair
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1024:
1894:
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306:. A requirement of joining the guild was to practise their craft and gain as much
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545:. They were also a way of instilling a sense of time regulation for work in the
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During the 1800s and 1900s, clocks or watches were carried around as a form of
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as possible, along with joining one of many other trade guilds, such as the
121:
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788:
650:, Scottish philanthropist and pioneer of modern European Education in India
512:
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1221:
Black Firsts : 4,000 Ground-Breaking and
Pioneering Historical Events
575:
The statue of the clockmaker-locksmith (by Jean
Cuypers – 19th century) –
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clockmaker, which was then mass-produced by another clockmaker, Matthias
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trade existing. Historically, the best clockmakers often also built
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the "Clockmaker". The Temple of the Great
Clockmaker, in the novel
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2003:
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1138:. Museum of Early Trades and Crafts website. Archived from
937:
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as clockmakers must frequently work on devices with small
535:
504:
1350:
1254:
140:
longcase clock movement with striking mechanism, c. 1730
1355:
1188:"Greeting cards and posters by illustrator Tony Troy"
415:
were used to remove rivets from assorted clock parts.
1111:
424:: The blade of the saw was released by undoing the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1351:National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors
1288:
1218:
1042:
995:National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors
1060:
2365:
490:Finnish School of Watchmaking, Leppävaara, Espoo
1376:
538:(s) that have been expressed over the years.
931:
278:were the early clockmaking centers, and the
298:developed in London, England, known as the
221:
1383:
1369:
1346:American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute
1061:Mones, Richard Ann; George White (2012).
948:Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH
836:(1767-1820), African-American clockmaker.
566:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1069:. antiquesandfineart.com. Archived from
570:
485:
464:
131:
120:
440:: The "turns" was a small bow-operated
2366:
1286:
1117:
1099:from the original on 19 September 2020
1093:"England: Where watchmaking all began"
515:, is a temple which represents deism.
1364:
1314:. Rutland, Vermont: C. E. Tuttle Co.
1309:
1216:
1129:
1048:
210:Clockmakers generally do not work on
1054:
803:, late 14th- and early 15th-century
497:is also the name of several movies.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
16:Artisan who makes and repairs clocks
1295:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1123:
1063:"Worshipful Company of Clockmakers"
911:(made the London Zoo Clock and the
13:
1031:. Old and Sold Antique Marketplace
683:G Bernard Ramsdale, United Kingdom
156:. Since almost all clocks are now
14:
2385:
1356:The British Horological Institute
1327:
1210:
1168:from the original on 12 June 2019
958:Worshipful Company of Clockmakers
300:Worshipful Company of Clockmakers
1332:
534:opinions about the existence of
461:, riveting, striking steel, etc.
23:
1265:from the original on 2013-07-01
1247:
518:The Clock Maker Theory and the
34:needs additional citations for
1180:
1154:
1085:
1067:Antiques and Fine Art magazine
1017:
509:The Case Of The Dead Certainty
1:
1390:
1243:– via Internet Archive.
1217:Smith, Jessie Carney (2003).
1192:www.tonytroyillustrations.com
1095:. Watchpro. 15 January 2013.
1010:
943:British Horological Institute
481:
282:came to specialize in wooden
226:The earliest use of the term
191:Originally, clockmakers were
556:wrote a comic book entitled
128:of medieval clockmaker, 1568
7:
1136:Highlights of Past Exhibits
985:List of clock manufacturers
963:
915:Water Clock) United Kingdom
522:describe by way of analogy
10:
2390:
1280:
953:Petrodvorets watch factory
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2147:
1918:
1855:
1794:
1756:
1749:
1709:
1611:
1565:
1558:
1398:
1132:"Tools of the Clockmaker"
932:Clockmaking organizations
735:Johann Andreas Klindworth
711:J. B. Joyce & Company
547:budding industrial market
289:
152:who makes and/or repairs
1029:Encyclopedia of Antiques
925:William Potts & Sons
674:, France and Switzerland
592:, France and Switzerland
357:
243:was invented by a young
222:Origins and specialities
1885:Nickel silver (alpacca)
1287:Davies, Norman (1996).
543:flaunting social status
401:Rivet Extracting Pliers
385:threads on small screws
178:fine motor coordination
1310:Shull, Thelma (1963).
1255:"tim hunkin home page"
858:Richard of Wallingford
579:
567:Historical clockmakers
491:
478:
367:Balance Truing Caliper
237:scientific instruments
141:
129:
2226:Other natural objects
1341:at Wikimedia Commons
801:Lazar the Hilandarian
590:Abraham Louis Breguet
584:Aaron Lufkin Dennison
574:
489:
468:
261:interchangeable parts
135:
124:
1701:Wire wrapped jewelry
1681:Repoussé and chasing
1130:Carla, Ojha (2002).
885:Smith of Derby Group
817:Michelangelo Sapiano
454:Peen Riveting Hammer
233:technically advanced
43:improve this article
2243:Ebonite (vulcanite)
903:Thwaites & Reed
741:Johann Baptist Beha
723:Jean-Antoine LĂ©pine
1588:Jewellery designer
1312:Victorian Antiques
1164:. 18 August 1998.
1142:on August 14, 2012
990:Marine chronometer
852:Richard Donisthorp
795:Konstantin Chaykin
672:Ferdinand Berthoud
639:Christiaan Huygens
633:Charles Cabrier II
580:
520:watchmaker analogy
492:
479:
471:Relojes Centenario
142:
136:Lateral view of a
130:
2361:
2360:
2278:
2277:
2148:Organic gemstones
1745:
1744:
1337:Media related to
1302:978-01982-0-171-7
1291:Europe: A History
1176:– via IMDb.
970:Chronometer watch
693:Giovanni de Dondi
654:David Rittenhouse
627:Benjamin Vulliamy
119:
118:
111:
93:
2381:
1805:Britannia silver
1754:
1753:
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1194:. Archived from
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1073:on March 4, 2016
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927:, United Kingdom
921:, United Kingdom
905:, United Kingdom
899:, United Kingdom
887:, United Kingdom
881:, United States
860:, United Kingdom
854:, United Kingdom
823:Mikulas of Kadan
813:, United Kingdom
791:, United Kingdom
779:, United Kingdom
773:, United Kingdom
767:, United Kingdom
761:, United Kingdom
755:, United Kingdom
749:, United Kingdom
719:, United Kingdom
713:, United Kingdom
705:Humbertus Gallet
689:, United Kingdom
629:, United Kingdom
610:
586:, United Kingdom
475:Zacatlán, Puebla
469:View inside the
383:was used to cut
193:master craftsmen
114:
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19:
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2263:Spondylus shell
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1914:
1900:Stainless steel
1851:
1835:Sterling silver
1795:Precious metal
1790:
1758:Precious metals
1741:
1705:
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1198:on 8 March 2020
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934:
873:Sigmund Riefler
777:John Whitehurst
662:, United States
656:, United States
621:Antoine Cronier
604:
569:
558:The Clock Maker
484:
377:Die/Screw Plate
360:
348:Adrien Philippe
292:
256:longcase clocks
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879:Simon Willard
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846:Rasmus Sørnes
844:
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840:Pierre Le Roy
838:
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828:Peter Henlein
826:
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784:
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763:
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759:John Ellicott
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697:
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685:
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664:
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371:balance wheel
368:
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284:cuckoo clocks
281:
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163:
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138:Timothy Mason
134:
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74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2353:Wearable art
2348:Phaleristics
2343:Metalworking
2248:Gutta-percha
2024:Lapis lazuli
1810:Colored gold
1691:Stonesetting
1577:
1331:
1311:
1290:
1267:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1220:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1191:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1162:"Clockmaker"
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1135:
1125:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:the original
1066:
1056:
1044:
1033:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
789:Joseph Knibb
562:
557:
551:
540:
517:
513:Kel Richards
508:
499:
494:
493:
451:
437:
432:Staking tool
431:
421:Piercing Saw
418:
400:
390:
376:
366:
361:
340:Antoni Patek
324:
293:
280:Black Forest
270:In Germany,
269:
265:standardized
253:
227:
225:
209:
190:
145:
143:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Clockmaker"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2374:Clockmakers
2290:Art jewelry
2114:Tiger's eye
2019:Labradorite
1969:Chrysocolla
1964:Chrysoberyl
1880:Mokume-gane
1857:Base metals
1629:centrifugal
1598:Silversmith
1473:Ferronnière
1423:Belt buckle
1418:Belly chain
1339:Clockmakers
1118:Davies 1996
975:Clockkeeper
868:Netherlands
783:Joost BĂĽrgi
771:John Tolson
753:John Arnold
717:James Ivory
643:Netherlands
605: [
554:Jim Krueger
532:theological
503:often call
473:factory in
411:extracting
338:founded by
327:consumerism
312:Blacksmiths
228:clokkemaker
205:fabrication
2124:Tourmaline
2069:Prasiolite
1944:Aventurine
1815:Crown gold
1717:Draw plate
1666:Metal clay
1603:Watchmaker
1593:Lapidarist
1578:Clockmaker
1453:Collar pin
1448:Chatelaine
1320:1079787454
1269:2013-07-04
1202:14 January
1049:Shull 1963
1035:2008-04-20
1011:References
1005:Watchmaker
909:Tim Hunkin
834:Peter Hill
807:and Russia
747:John Alker
729:Jens Olsen
648:David Hare
495:Clockmaker
482:Other uses
426:thumbscrew
419:Jeweler’s
407:or steel,
403:: Made of
316:Stationers
308:experience
216:watchmaker
170:blueprints
146:clockmaker
69:newspapers
2270:Toadstone
2207:Operculum
2134:Variscite
2129:Turquoise
2109:Tanzanite
2044:Moonstone
2039:Marcasite
2034:Malachite
1959:Carnelian
1934:Amazonite
1921:gemstones
1895:Pinchbeck
1840:Argentium
1830:Shibuichi
1771:Palladium
1750:Materials
1686:Soldering
1676:Polishing
1651:Engraving
1646:Enameling
1612:Processes
1583:Goldsmith
1518:Tie chain
1493:Neck ring
1483:Lapel pin
1392:Jewellery
1146:August 2,
1077:August 2,
1000:Timepiece
913:Southwold
875:, Germany
830:, Germany
743:, Germany
737:, Germany
731:, Denmark
701:, Germany
680:, Germany
660:Eli Terry
635:, England
611:, Germany
552:In 2004,
524:religious
381:die plate
272:Nuremberg
241:harmonica
186:machinery
184:and fine
176:requires
162:jewellers
99:June 2020
2368:Category
2338:Gemology
2312:Fineness
2303:(purity)
2238:Bog-wood
2185:Precious
2165:Ammolite
2104:Sunstone
2094:Sodalite
2089:Sapphire
2049:Obsidian
1989:Fluorite
1979:Diopside
1939:Amethyst
1919:Mineral
1910:Tungsten
1905:Titanium
1820:Electrum
1776:Platinum
1661:Kazaziye
1656:Filigree
1634:lost-wax
1533:Toe ring
1523:Tie clip
1498:Pectoral
1488:Necklace
1463:Cufflink
1438:Bracelet
1433:Bolo tie
1413:Barrette
1263:Archived
1241:51060259
1166:Archived
1097:Archived
980:Horology
964:See also
848:, Norway
842:, France
797:, Russia
668:, France
617:, France
598:, France
577:Brussels
332:Huguenot
276:Augsburg
2333:Fashion
2307:Finding
2155:Abalone
2064:Peridot
2029:Larimar
2014:Kyanite
1999:Howlite
1984:Emerald
1974:Diamond
1847:Tumbaga
1825:ShakudĹŤ
1781:Rhodium
1732:Mandrel
1671:Plating
1624:Casting
1619:Carving
1528:Tie pin
1503:Pendant
1478:Genital
1468:Earring
1281:Sources
1172:28 June
1025:"Clock"
893:, China
891:Su Song
819:, Malta
725:, Franc
695:, Italy
623:, Paris
459:forging
320:Drapers
212:watches
197:antique
158:factory
150:artisan
126:Woodcut
83:scholar
2297:(mass)
2233:Bezoar
2139:Zircon
2099:Spinel
2074:Quartz
2009:Jasper
1994:Garnet
1890:Pewter
1875:Copper
1870:Bronze
1797:alloys
1786:Silver
1737:Pliers
1727:Hammer
1639:vacuum
1566:People
1559:Making
1543:pocket
1443:Brooch
1408:Anklet
1318:
1299:
1239:
1229:
1103:10 May
805:Serbia
530:, and
501:Deists
477:Mexico
452:Cross
413:pliers
379:: The
344:Warsaw
304:London
296:guilds
290:Guilds
249:Hohner
245:German
201:design
154:clocks
148:is an
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2301:Carat
2295:Carat
2283:Terms
2258:Shell
2212:Pearl
2202:Nacre
2192:Ivory
2180:Black
2175:Coral
2170:Copal
2160:Amber
2119:Topaz
2078:smoky
1949:Beryl
1929:Agate
1865:Brass
1710:Tools
1548:strap
1538:Watch
1513:Tiara
1458:Crown
1428:Bindi
1400:Forms
609:]
442:lathe
438:Turns
409:rivet
405:brass
395:files
358:Tools
318:, or
182:gears
174:trade
90:JSTOR
76:books
2253:Hair
2084:Ruby
2059:Opal
2054:Onyx
2004:Jade
1766:Gold
1722:File
1508:Ring
1316:OCLC
1297:ISBN
1237:OCLC
1227:ISBN
1204:2022
1174:2018
1148:2012
1105:2021
1079:2012
938:AWCI
446:vise
391:File
352:Bern
346:and
274:and
263:and
203:and
62:news
2197:Jet
1953:red
536:god
511:by
505:God
350:of
342:of
45:by
2370::
1261:.
1257:.
1235:.
1190:.
1134:.
1065:.
1027:.
866:,
641:,
607:de
549:.
526:,
354:.
314:,
286:.
251:.
218:.
188:.
164:,
144:A
2080:)
2076:(
1955:)
1951:(
1384:e
1377:t
1370:v
1322:.
1305:.
1272:.
1206:.
1150:.
1107:.
1081:.
1038:.
397:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
