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631:, in the Solomons, on 7 October 1769. At their first anchorage, which Surville named "Port Praslin", they received a hostile reception. Hoping to find fresh food to help those afflicted with scurvy, a party went ashore but was attacked by the locals. Several French were wounded, one fatally, and over 35 islanders were killed. The expedition then tried for another anchorage, but were unable to conduct any trade or resupply their ship without being attacked by hostile islanders.
781:
carrying a twig of green leaves, a sign of peace in Māori culture. His patience exhausted, Surville arrested
Ranginui for the theft of his yawl. His party burned about 30 huts, destroyed a canoe filled with nets, and confiscated another canoe. They brought Ranginui back to their ship, where the crew members who had been stranded during the storm identified him as the chief who had been hospitable to them. Surville was determined to keep his captive, and
794:
lucrative prospect of discovering previously unknown lands as they moved eastwards. Surville privately remained hopeful of locating Davis Land. The
Spanish considered their ports along the Pacific coast of South America off limits to other nations and there was a risk the French would be imprisoned upon arrival. It was hoped that the existing alliance between France and Spain and an appeal on humanitarian grounds would avert that possibility.
813:, on the Peruvian coast, on 7 April. An attempt to land a party was made that afternoon, but the sea conditions were too hazardous. The next day, Surville, in full ceremonial dress, and three crew members departed in a small boat to seek help from the Spanish viceroy at Chilca. In poor conditions, the boat capsized and Surville and two others were drowned. His body was found by locals and was buried at Chilca.
769:, which was in tow, struck rocks and had to be cut free. After the storm passed, the stranded party returned to the ship, which had suffered a broken tiller. Surville, distressed by the loss of the anchors and the yawl, which jeopardised plans for further exploration of the area, went ashore with a party of two officers and some sailors to
488:– which, like Pondicherry, was a French settlement on the east coast of India – Surville set up a venture to pursue trading in the Indian Ocean. Returning to France in 1766, Surville gained the approval of the French East India Company for his commercial plans. Needing a ship for his venture, he supervised the construction of
325:. There were existing family connections to the company; an older brother was already in its service and his mother was a niece of one of the company's directors. Surville's employer was a commercial enterprise supported by the French government and established several years previously to trade in the
877:
to be found in the South
Pacific, and also contributed more knowledge of New Zealand and its inhabitants. Surville and his men were the first Europeans to cross the Coral Sea and make a west–east traverse of the temperate zone of the South Pacific, an important route for future explorers in the area.
756:
or temporary prohibition on fishing in the area. The Māori may have been concerned about the amount of food that the French were taking and, in consequence, trading for fish and celery soon ceased. This led to a deterioration of relations between the French and Māori. Surville, having initially taken
724:
Surville, along with some sailors and soldiers, went ashore the next day. The party was greeted by a Māori chief, who showed them to a source of water, and gave them cresses and celery. Over the next several days, the fresh food gathered or traded from the Māori helped the majority of the sick among
638:
was short of fresh food and many of
Surville's crew had died from scurvy. Morale was low, not helped by the poor condition of the ship, which was leaking. Surville was forced to find a safe anchorage, but was unwilling to risk stopping at the Solomon Islands again. Instead, after consulting Tasman's
602:
but encountered adverse winds by the time the islands were in sight. Rather than spend time maneuvering into a more favourable position for the wind, he proceeded to
Malacca, arriving on 29 June 1769. An initially warm welcome from the Dutch governor soon cooled when another ship, a British vessel,
566:
on 3 March 1769, carrying a mixture of trading goods as cargo. These goods, if not able to be traded to the Jewish merchants believed to live on Davis Land, were to be sold at Manila on the expedition's return voyage, to improve its profitability. Also on board were several charts and narratives of
797:
Initially sailing along the southern latitudes of 34° and 35°, the expedition continued to suffer losses to scurvy, with the first death since departing New
Zealand occurring on 19 February 1770. Surville soon turned his ship towards 27° south, the latitude on which Davis Land was believed to lie.
507:
By late 1768, the French East India
Company was undergoing severe financial difficulties, and its monopoly on trade in the East Indies was threatened with revocation. Surville and his business associates recognised that this would represent new opportunities for their syndicate and were planning a
825:
and detained her surviving crew for over two years before allowing them to return to France. On 20 August 1773, when the ship arrived at Port-Louis, only 66 of the original complement of 173 men had completed
Surville's expedition; 79 had died through sickness or attacks by hostile islanders, and
793:
Surville, after having consulted with his officers and considering the poor condition of his ship and crew, rejected sailing north to the
Philippines or the Dutch East Indies, and instead decided to sail eastwards for South America. This route took advantage of favourable winds, and offered the
780:
to retrieve it. Surville considered the yawl to have been stolen; by tradition, any flotsam washed ashore belonged to the chief of the area. Reaching the beach, the French party found a group of Māori carrying spears, but there was no sign of the yawl. Their chief, Ranginui, approached
Surville
526:
Davis Land represented a potentially important trading possibility for Surville's syndicate, but it was also necessary to establish a French foothold in the South Pacific before the British did, lest they be locked out of the region. Consequently, it was decided that Surville would mount an
820:
had been sailed north to the port of Callao, in accordance with Surville's instructions in the event he not return to the ship. Surville's uniform, Cross of Saint Louis, and a lock of his hair were handed over to Guillaume Labè, the ship's first officer. The Spanish authorities impounded
760:
On 27 December, a storm stranded a party of men on shore at Whatuwhiwhi, where they were treated hospitably by the Māori. In the same storm, the ship dragged her anchors, which had to be cut on Surville's orders. He and part of the crew spent several hours trying to bring the
643:, before turning eastwards at the latitude of northern New Zealand. For much of his course to the south, he was roughly parallel with the coast of Australia and, before turning to the east, it is likely that he came close to reaching and discovering the coast of what is now
716:
and engaged in some trading for fresh fish, allaying fears of the crew who were aware Tasman had experienced a hostile welcome on his arrival in New Zealand. Surville then took his ship deeper into the bay, anchoring late in the day off Tokerau Beach near
492:, a large merchantman armed with 36 guns, at Port-Louis. He sailed her to India in June 1767. Over the next several months, Surville made a series of trading voyages along the Indian coast. He also served as deputy governor of Pondicherry.
618:
To the surprise of the majority of the expedition, Surville then sailed to the southeast, away from the ship's official destination of Canton, in accordance with his secret instructions to locate Davis Land. Proceeding to the
950:
at this time. In their journals, both Surville and Cook used nautical dates, where the day begins at noon, but those on the ships also used civil dates, where the day commenced at midnight. Cook, having sailed westward from
830:
still carried the goods it had taken on board at Pondicherry, and these were sold to allow the expedition's investors to recover some of their contributions. Surville's widow was granted a pension by the King of France,
615:, between Taiwan and the Philippines, where he stocked up on water and food. Several of his crew deserted and, unable to locate them, Surville kidnapped some of the Bashi islanders as replacements for the missing men.
798:
Early the following month, with water supplies low, Surville conceded defeat in his quest for the island and set course for Peru after consulting with his officers. On 24 March, as the ship approached the
508:
commercial expedition to the Philippines. At about this time, they became aware of rumours of a recent British discovery of land in the South Pacific, believed to be the fabulously wealthy island of
889:
was the original name for what is now known as North Cape. A plaque commemorating Surville's visit to the area 200 years earlier was laid at Whatuwhiwhi in 1969. Two of the anchors of
267:, France, Surville joined the French East India Company in 1727 at the age of 10. For the next several years he sailed on voyages in Indian and Chinese waters. In 1740 he joined the
671:
is also shown. The dates indicated are those from the logs of the respective vessels, which differed by at least one day due to different timekeeping methods and the port of origin.
367:, which shipped goods from France to West Africa, where it collected slaves for transportation to the Caribbean, and then molasses from the Caribbean to France, a process known as
571:'s 1642 journey to New Zealand. After visits to French settlements along the Indian coast to pick up provisions, Surville made his last stop at Pondicherry, where he added some
750:. The bodies of those who died from scurvy in the bay were thrown overboard, which would have contaminated the fishery, leading to the Māori (if they were aware) placing a
350:
456:, a 64-gun warship. While transporting soldiers back to France, he encountered bad weather off the coast of South Africa. The ship developed leaks and was wrecked near
543:
of the Pacific, searching for Davis Land. The latter objective was to be kept secret, even from the officers of the expedition. On his return, Surville was to stop at
437:. He was looked upon favourably by his superiors for his seamanship and leadership, and was made an "officer of the blue", a title used for non-aristocratic officers.
955:, had crossed 180° longitude, now the International Dateline, but did not advance the date, while Surville had not crossed 180° longitude, having sailed from India.
701:
had traversed one or two days earlier. Surville and Cook were the first Europeans to navigate New Zealand waters since Abel Tasman's voyage 127 years earlier.
321:, and his wife, Françoise Mariteau de Roscadec, the daughter of a ship owner. One of nine children, Surville left home at the age of 10 and joined the
410:. He spent the next few years on trading voyages around the French ports in the Indian Ocean and during this time, acquired a farm on the island of
843:
744:
Some actions of the French may have caused offence to the Māori. Surville attached a white ostrich feather to a chief's head, considered highly
460:. Surville was able to get all the crew and passengers safely to shore and on to Cape Town. This delayed his return to France until early 1764.
639:
charts, in mid-November he headed for New Zealand. To avoid missing landfall due to errors in longitude, he first sailed southwest across the
802:, Ranginui died of scurvy. Although initially distressed at being kidnapped, he had been well treated and had regularly dined with Surville.
1970:
The Fateful Voyage of the St. Jean-Baptiste: A True Account of M. de Surville's Expedition to New Zealand and the Unknown South Seas 1769–70
603:
arrived with allegations that the French were headed to the East Indies, where the Dutch had a monopoly. Surville promptly left, sailing to
867:
Despite being commercially unsuccessful, Surville's voyage allowed geographers of the time to confirm the size of the Solomon Islands and
776:
The following day, 31 December, an officer spotted the yawl ashore on Tokerau Beach surrounded by Māori, and an armed party set off from
805:
Rather than stop at the Juan Fernández Islands for supplies, Surville chose to continue to Peru, only 400 miles (640 kilometres) away.
2183:
647:. Several birds were seen and his crew reported that they could smell land, but he continued with his change of course regardless.
291:
before proceeding eastward across the South Pacific towards South America. Part of his route around New Zealand overlapped that of
301:, which had preceded him by only a few days. De Surville drowned off the coast of Peru on 8 April 1770 while seeking help for his
898:
279:, twice becoming a prisoner of war. After his military career he rejoined the French East India Company. In 1769, in command of
2193:
2151:
2071:
1955:
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Sailing down the east coast, Surville reached what he called "Lauriston Bay" on 17 December 1769. Cook had already named it "
2102:. Historical Dictionaries of Discovery and Exploration. Vol. 2. Lanham, Maryland, United States: The Scarecrow Press.
881:
A street in Surville's home town of Port-Louis is named for him. He is remembered in New Zealand through the naming of the
726:
283:, he sailed from India on an expedition to the Pacific looking for trading opportunities. He explored the seas around the
2017:
623:, which had not been sighted by Europeans since their discovery in 1568, the expedition's company began to suffer from
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2129:
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2049:
2027:
1994:
1987:
The Expedition of the St Jean-Baptiste to the Pacific 1769–1770: From Journals of Jean de Surville and Guillaume Labe
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Two of these deserters were the chaplain, Villefeix, and Surville's nephew. Both had left to prospect for gold while
407:
773:
on 30 December. The party was invited to a village by a local chief and shared a meal before returning to the ship.
313:
Born on 18 January 1717, Jean-François Marie de Surville was the son of Jean de Surville, a government official at
430:
342:
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223:
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that were lost at Doubtless Bay were discovered in 1974 and are displayed at the Far North Regional Museum at
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2005:
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422:
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930:
429:, which began in August 1756, Surville returned to active duty with the French Navy and sailed with the
964:
In later accounts of the expedition, the French ascribed the chief the name "Naguinoui" or "Naquinovi".
548:
441:
402:
that traversed the trading route to China. Returning to France in 1750, he married Marie Jouaneaulx at
741:'s service of Christmas Day in 1814, generally held to be the first religious service in New Zealand.
655:
2208:
746:
322:
253:
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551:. To avoid British suspicion as to the purpose of the expedition, the official destinations of the
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Surville resumed service with the French East India Company in 1765 and later that year commanded
902:
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to the expedition's complement. The expedition, now numbering 172 men, departed on 22 June 1769.
926:
922:
687:. Finding the shore inhospitable, Surville sailed northwards. On 16 December, the ship rounded
2064:
Navigators & Naturalists: French Exploration of New Zealand and the South Seas (1769–1824)
329:, and he sailed on trading voyages around India and China. By 1740 he held the rank of second
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871:, and the likely non-existence of Davis Land. It provided further evidence that there was no
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care to be as congenial as possible towards the Māori, was becoming increasingly frustrated.
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After more than two months of preparation, Surville departed from Chandernagore aboard
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2086:
2067:
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2023:
1990:
1973:
1951:
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391:
387:, he was again captured by the Royal Navy and taken to England as a prisoner of war.
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as an ensign and became a prisoner of war in 1745, when the ship was captured by the
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162:
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1943:
484:. Afterwards, together with Lauriston and Jean-Baptiste Chevalier, the governor of
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for his conduct during the fighting. He ended the Seven Years' War as commander of
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32:
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2013:
855:, in New Zealand. It reads: "Jean François Marie de Surville anchored his ship
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738:
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733:, conducted the first Christian service in New Zealand and may have celebrated
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2100:
Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands
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2022:. Vol. 1. Wellington, New Zealand: Allen & Unwin. pp. 411–412.
1977:
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425:, who would later become known for his voyages to the Pacific. During the
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Released in 1748, Surville returned to the French East India Company as a
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346:
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2085:(3rd ed.). Kaitaia, New Zealand: Northland Tourist Publications.
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in Doubtless Bay 17–31 December 1769 to refresh his men. He visited a
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the expedition to recover from their scurvy. It is likely that Father
411:
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572:
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and died childless. The younger son died of wounds received at the
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540:
527:
expedition to the South Pacific. The plan was for Surville to sail
318:
264:
50:
752:
894:
835:. She also received Surville's possessions, handed over by Labè.
539:
and the Philippines. He was then to traverse the north and south
532:
360:
257:
252:(18 January 1717 – 8 April 1770) was a merchant captain with the
2144:
Two Worlds: First Meetings between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772
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403:
302:
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An Officer of the Blue: Marc-Joseph Marion Dufresne, 1724–1772
1775:
1773:
2044:. Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press.
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1046:
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2146:. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Random House New Zealand.
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on Christmas Day 1769. If so, this would predate Reverend
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sighted the coast of New Zealand and sailed to just off
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There is uncertainty as to the respective positions of
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The Visitors Guide to the Far North: Mangonui County
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departed eastwards that day with Ranginui on board.
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433:'s naval fleet in the Indian Ocean as commander of
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444:in 1758 and was wounded the following year at the
1950:. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Penguin Group.
1563:
1373:
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1301:
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691:and, heading south, passed through the area that
16:18th-century French explorer and merchant captain
2165:
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847:A commemorative plaque marking the anchorage of
683:, on the west coast of the northern part of the
567:voyages to the Pacific, including an account of
406:. The couple had two sons, who later joined the
349:, and fought in that conflict. He sailed aboard
472:on its voyage transporting the new governor of
2122:The Reed Dictionary of New Zealand Place Names
2019:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography: 1769–1869
363:. After his release in 1746, he served aboard
256:. He commanded a voyage of exploration to the
2097:
1866:
1972:. Christchurch, New Zealand: Pegasus Press.
1989:. London, United Kingdom: Hakluyt Society.
1948:Sea of Dangers: Captain Cook and his Rivals
383:for France. While on one of his sorties on
788:
765:to a more sheltered anchorage. The ship's
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371:. In 1747, Surville was given command of
2066:. Auckland, New Zealand: David Bateman.
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899:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
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675:On 12 December 1769 at 11:15 am,
2124:. Auckland, New Zealand: Reed Books.
2116:
1902:
2098:Quanchi, Max; Robson, John (2005).
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598:to try to verify the presence of a
417:By 1753, Surville was commander of
13:
2006:"Surville, Jean François Marie de"
921:The elder son reached the rank of
379:, which entitled him to sail as a
14:
2220:
727:Paul-Antoine Léonard de Villefeix
421:and had made the acquaintance of
155:
2184:French explorers of the Pacific
1935:
967:
958:
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863:on this headland, 30 December."
667:in December 1769. The route of
611:and then to the islands of the
463:
336:
250:Jean-François Marie de Surville
915:
650:
512:. These rumours were based on
343:War of the Austrian Succession
341:Following the outbreak of the
273:War of the Austrian Succession
224:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
2194:18th-century French explorers
984:
594:Surville sailed first to the
587:The route of Surville's ship
345:in 1740, Surville joined the
308:
989:
627:. They reached the coast of
440:Surville was present at the
7:
1985:Dunmore, John, ed. (1981).
10:
2225:
809:reached the settlement of
1867:Quanchi & Robson 2005
838:
826:another 28 had deserted.
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25:Jean-François de Surville
23:
2189:Explorers of New Zealand
908:
665:far north of New Zealand
503:in the late 18th century
2081:Parkes, W. F. (1976) .
977:was detained at Callao.
789:Voyage to South America
2004:Dunmore, John (1990).
864:
800:Juan Fernández Islands
712:in canoes went out to
672:
591:
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846:
658:
586:
579:Exploring the Pacific
535:, and then on to the
498:
478:Jean Law de Lauriston
448:. He was awarded the
446:Battle of Pondicherry
182:Years of service
2199:People from Morbihan
931:siege of Pondicherry
450:Cross of Saint Louis
238:Cross of Saint Louis
1881:, pp. 319–320.
1818:, pp. 364–365.
1794:, pp. 314–315.
1782:, pp. 115–116.
1731:, pp. 111–112.
1641:, pp. 339–340.
1560:, pp. 329–332.
1548:, pp. 290–291.
1536:, pp. 329–331.
1524:, pp. 323–324.
1512:, pp. 321–322.
1194:, pp. 311–312.
1053:, pp. 411–412.
975:Saint Jean-Baptiste
944:Saint Jean-Baptiste
891:Saint Jean-Baptiste
857:Saint Jean Baptiste
849:Saint Jean-Baptiste
828:Saint Jean-Baptiste
823:Saint Jean-Baptiste
818:Saint Jean-Baptiste
807:Saint Jean-Baptiste
783:Saint Jean-Baptiste
778:Saint Jean-Baptiste
763:Saint Jean-Baptiste
731:Saint Jean-Baptiste
714:Saint Jean-Baptiste
677:Saint Jean-Baptiste
661:Saint Jean-Baptiste
636:Saint Jean-Baptiste
589:Saint Jean-Baptiste
564:Saint Jean-Baptiste
553:Saint Jean-Baptiste
529:Saint Jean-Baptiste
490:Saint Jean-Baptiste
442:Battle of Cuddalore
281:Saint Jean-Baptiste
271:; he fought in the
117:Exploration of the
78:Cause of death
2204:People lost at sea
865:
729:, the chaplain on
673:
592:
505:
2153:978-0-14-377216-3
2073:978-1-86953-965-8
1957:978-0-14-379852-1
1944:Blainey, Geoffrey
1617:, pp. 95–97.
1587:, pp. 90–92.
1500:, pp. 60–61.
1476:, pp. 53–54.
1433:, pp. 72–73.
1421:, pp. 71–72.
1358:, pp. 53–54.
1346:, pp. 49–50.
1322:, pp. 36–37.
1286:, pp. 33–34.
1271:, pp. 31–32.
1259:, pp. 25–26.
1218:, pp. 16–17.
1206:, pp. 60–61.
1170:, pp. 20–21.
816:In the meantime,
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1549:
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1537:
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1525:
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1507:
1501:
1495:
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1471:
1465:
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1189:
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1177:
1171:
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1147:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1073:
1067:
1054:
1048:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1008:
1002:
978:
971:
965:
962:
956:
940:
934:
919:
555:were Manila and
427:Seven Years' War
392:first lieutenant
377:letter of marque
369:triangular trade
303:scurvy-afflicted
277:Seven Years' War
228:Seven Years' War
171:
165:
161:
159:
158:
128:Marie Jouaneaulx
103:Merchant captain
65:
35:
21:
20:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2154:
2132:
2110:
2074:
2052:
2030:
2014:Orange, Claudia
1997:
1958:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1660:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1057:
1049:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1011:
1003:
996:
992:
987:
982:
981:
972:
968:
963:
959:
941:
937:
927:Artois Regiment
920:
916:
911:
883:Surville Cliffs
874:Terra Australis
841:
791:
653:
645:New South Wales
621:Solomon Islands
609:Malay Peninsula
596:Nicobar Islands
581:
537:South China Sea
466:
423:Marion Dufresne
365:Duc de Chartres
339:
311:
285:Solomon Islands
226:
212:
208:
204:
156:
154:
145:Military career
109:
73:
67:
63:
54:
44:
43:18 January 1717
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2136:
2130:
2114:
2108:
2095:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2050:
2038:Duyker, Edward
2034:
2028:
2001:
1995:
1982:
1962:
1956:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1929:, p. 433.
1919:
1907:
1905:, p. 474.
1895:
1893:, p. 434.
1883:
1871:
1869:, p. 164.
1859:
1857:, p. 366.
1844:
1842:, p. 289.
1832:
1830:, p. 125.
1820:
1808:
1806:, p. 316.
1796:
1784:
1769:
1767:, p. 312.
1757:
1755:, p. 107.
1745:
1743:, p. 343.
1733:
1721:
1719:, p. 310.
1709:
1707:, p. 308.
1697:
1695:, p. 165.
1685:
1683:, p. 106.
1673:
1671:, p. 110.
1658:
1656:, p. 105.
1643:
1631:
1629:, p. 340.
1619:
1604:
1602:, p. 338.
1589:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1488:, p. 109.
1478:
1466:
1464:, p. 105.
1454:
1452:, p. 317.
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1397:, p. 316.
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1235:, p. 312.
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1133:
1131:, p. 311.
1116:
1104:
1089:
1074:
1055:
1038:
1036:, p. 310.
1026:
1009:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
980:
979:
966:
957:
935:
913:
912:
910:
907:
905:respectively.
840:
837:
790:
787:
739:Samuel Marsden
652:
649:
634:By this time,
580:
577:
519:'s reports of
470:Duc de Praslin
465:
462:
435:Duc de Orleans
396:Duc de Béthune
338:
335:
310:
307:
245:
244:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
221:
217:
216:
210:Duc de Orleans
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
173:
167:
166:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
115:
114:Known for
111:
110:
108:
107:
104:
101:
97:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
68:
66:(aged 53)
60:
56:
55:
45:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2221:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:Salmond, Anne
2137:
2133:
2131:0-7900-0761-4
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:0-8108-5395-7
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2051:0-522-84565-7
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2029:0-04-641052-X
2025:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2010:Oliver, W. H.
2007:
2002:
1998:
1996:0-904180-11-5
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:Dunmore, John
1963:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1923:
1917:, p. 25.
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1572:, p. 74.
1571:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1409:, p. 63.
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1382:, p. 47.
1381:
1376:
1370:, p. 46.
1369:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1334:, p. 40.
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1310:, p. 44.
1309:
1304:
1298:, p. 36.
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1247:, p. 27.
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1182:, p. 18.
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1158:, p. 38.
1157:
1152:
1146:, p. 37.
1145:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1114:, p. 43.
1113:
1108:
1102:, p. 57.
1101:
1096:
1094:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1072:, p. 36.
1071:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
976:
970:
961:
954:
949:
945:
939:
932:
928:
924:
918:
914:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
876:
875:
870:
869:New Caledonia
862:
858:
854:
853:Doubtless Bay
850:
845:
836:
834:
833:Louis XV
829:
824:
819:
814:
812:
808:
803:
801:
795:
786:
784:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
758:
755:
754:
749:
748:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
722:
720:
715:
711:
707:
706:Doubtless Bay
702:
700:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
670:
666:
662:
659:The route of
657:
648:
646:
642:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
616:
614:
613:Bashi Channel
610:
606:
601:
600:Danish colony
597:
590:
585:
576:
574:
570:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
524:
522:
518:
517:
511:
502:
497:
493:
491:
487:
486:Chandernagore
483:
479:
475:
471:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
306:
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
242:
239:
236:
232:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
174:
168:
164:
152:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
105:
102:
100:Naval officer
99:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
61:
57:
52:
48:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2161:
2143:
2121:
2099:
2082:
2063:
2060:Lee, Michael
2041:
2018:
1986:
1969:
1947:
1936:Bibliography
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1879:Blainey 2010
1874:
1862:
1855:Blainey 2010
1840:Dunmore 1981
1835:
1828:Dunmore 1969
1823:
1816:Blainey 2010
1811:
1804:Blainey 2010
1799:
1792:Blainey 2010
1787:
1780:Dunmore 1969
1765:Blainey 2010
1760:
1753:Dunmore 1969
1748:
1741:Salmond 2018
1736:
1729:Dunmore 1969
1724:
1717:Blainey 2010
1712:
1705:Blainey 2010
1700:
1693:Blainey 2010
1688:
1681:Dunmore 1969
1676:
1669:Dunmore 1969
1654:Dunmore 1969
1639:Salmond 2018
1634:
1627:Salmond 2018
1622:
1600:Salmond 2018
1565:
1558:Salmond 2018
1553:
1546:Dunmore 1981
1541:
1534:Salmond 2018
1529:
1522:Salmond 2018
1517:
1510:Salmond 2018
1505:
1493:
1486:Blainey 2010
1481:
1469:
1462:Blainey 2010
1457:
1450:Salmond 2018
1431:Dunmore 1969
1426:
1419:Blainey 2010
1414:
1407:Dunmore 1969
1402:
1395:Salmond 2018
1375:
1363:
1356:Dunmore 1969
1351:
1344:Dunmore 1969
1339:
1332:Dunmore 1969
1327:
1320:Dunmore 1969
1315:
1303:
1296:Dunmore 1969
1291:
1284:Dunmore 1969
1269:Dunmore 1969
1264:
1257:Dunmore 1969
1252:
1245:Dunmore 1969
1240:
1233:Salmond 2018
1216:Dunmore 1969
1211:
1204:Blainey 2010
1199:
1192:Salmond 2018
1187:
1180:Dunmore 1969
1175:
1168:Dunmore 1969
1163:
1151:
1129:Salmond 2018
1107:
1100:Blainey 2010
1087:, p. 3.
1085:Dunmore 1981
1051:Dunmore 1990
1034:Salmond 2018
1029:
1024:, p. 2.
1022:Dunmore 1981
1007:, p. 1.
1005:Dunmore 1981
974:
969:
960:
947:
943:
938:
917:
890:
887:Cap Surville
886:
880:
872:
866:
856:
848:
827:
822:
817:
815:
806:
804:
796:
792:
782:
777:
775:
762:
759:
751:
745:
743:
730:
723:
713:
703:
697:
685:North Island
676:
674:
668:
660:
635:
633:
629:Santa Isabel
617:
593:
588:
563:
561:
552:
528:
525:
515:
506:
489:
469:
467:
464:French India
453:
439:
434:
431:Comte d'Aché
418:
416:
395:
389:
384:
372:
364:
351:
340:
337:Naval career
312:
297:
280:
262:
260:in 1769–70.
249:
248:
220:Battles/wars
213:
209:
205:
201:
64:(1770-04-08)
62:8 April 1770
18:
2179:1770 deaths
2174:1717 births
2118:Reed, A. W.
1915:Parkes 1976
1112:Duyker 1994
719:Whatuwhiwhi
663:around the
651:New Zealand
569:Abel Tasman
501:Pondicherry
474:Pondicherry
408:French Army
400:merchantman
398:, a 40-gun
347:French Navy
327:East Indies
289:New Zealand
269:French Navy
176:French Navy
94:Occupations
86:Nationality
2168:Categories
985:References
903:Wellington
693:James Cook
689:North Cape
605:Terengganu
573:grenadiers
510:Davis Land
499:A view of
454:La Fortuné
357:Royal Navy
315:Port-Louis
309:Early life
293:James Cook
214:La Fortuné
150:Allegiance
47:Port-Louis
2142:(2018) .
2120:(2002) .
2091:973585408
1978:610392600
1903:Reed 2002
990:Citations
953:Cape Horn
948:Endeavour
698:Endeavour
669:Endeavour
641:Coral Sea
541:latitudes
458:Cape Town
385:Bagatelle
381:privateer
373:Bagatelle
298:Endeavour
202:Bagatelle
185:1740–1764
2062:(2018).
2040:(1994).
2016:(eds.).
1968:(1969).
1946:(2010).
1927:Lee 2018
1891:Lee 2018
1615:Lee 2018
1585:Lee 2018
1570:Lee 2018
1498:Lee 2018
1474:Lee 2018
1380:Lee 2018
1368:Lee 2018
1308:Lee 2018
1156:Lee 2018
1144:Lee 2018
1070:Lee 2018
933:in 1778.
897:and the
681:Hokianga
419:Renommée
319:Brittany
275:and the
265:Brittany
263:Born in
206:Renommée
198:Commands
170:Service/
133:Children
106:Explorer
81:Drowning
69:Chilca,
53:, France
51:Brittany
925:in the
923:captain
895:Kaitaia
607:on the
549:Batavia
533:Malacca
516:Dolphin
412:Réunion
394:aboard
361:Sumatra
352:Hercule
258:Pacific
193:Captain
119:Pacific
2150:
2128:
2106:
2089:
2070:
2048:
2026:
1993:
1976:
1954:
839:Legacy
811:Chilca
625:scurvy
557:Canton
545:Manila
521:Tahiti
404:Nantes
375:and a
331:ensign
305:crew.
234:Awards
172:branch
163:France
160:
125:Spouse
89:French
2008:. In
909:Notes
753:rāhui
710:Māori
482:India
480:, to
2148:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2104:ISBN
2087:OCLC
2068:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2024:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1974:OCLC
1952:ISBN
946:and
771:fish
767:yawl
747:tapu
735:mass
547:and
514:HMS
359:off
287:and
190:Rank
71:Peru
59:Died
40:Born
901:in
851:at
695:'s
531:to
295:in
2170::
2012:;
1847:^
1772:^
1661:^
1646:^
1607:^
1592:^
1577:^
1438:^
1387:^
1276:^
1223:^
1136:^
1119:^
1092:^
1077:^
1058:^
1041:^
1012:^
997:^
861:pā
721:.
559:.
523:.
476:,
414:.
333:.
317:,
49:,
2156:.
2134:.
2112:.
2093:.
2076:.
2054:.
2032:.
1999:.
1980:.
1960:.
136:2
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