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482:. Next, the dragoons attacked the hedgerow but were repelled by Olney and Livingston. Clinton yelled for the 2nd Grenadier Battalion and half of the 1st Grenadier Battalion to attack the hedgerow. Charging into intense musketry and case shot, the elite grenadiers broke into the hedgerow position. Oswald pulled his guns out just in time, covered by Olney's men. In the melee, 16 grenadiers found themselves surrounded by Olney's troops, but the Americans were so bent on retreating that they paid no heed to their enemies. During the violent struggle, the commander of the 2nd Grenadiers
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General
Assembly proclaimed, "Every slave, so enlisting, shall, upon his passing muster before Col. Christopher Greene, be immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress, and be absolutely FREE as though he had never been encumbered with any Kind of Servitude or Slavery". No other state followed this course of action. Though every "negro, mulatto, or Indian man-slave" was eligible to enroll and the bounty was the same as for white men, fewer than 200 signed up. Alarmed at the cost, the Rhode Island Assembly stopped recruiting slaves on 10 June 1778.
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514:'s greatly superior British-Hessian force at the Springfield Bridge for 40 minutes before withdrawing in good order. The new bride received a mistaken report that her husband had been killed, causing her to have a nervous breakdown. Her condition lasted a few years after which she recovered and outlived her husband by over 30 years. The couple had only one child, Mary Timmins Olney (1799–1878) who married Samuel Carr (1795–1832) and had three sons.
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battle, no quarter will be given". When Stuart insisted on seeing the fort's commander, Olney replied that they would, "defend the fort unto the last". The
British officer pressed further and Olney remarked that, "seeing Colonel Greene was altogether needless," because he would defend the fort "as long as he had a man and as to mercy it was neither sought nor expected". Hessian officer
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598:. From 1806 to 1811 he owned shares in the Union Cotton Manufacturing Company. He invested in the trading voyages of his seafaring brother-in-law Joseph S. Cooke. He helped start the Providence Theatre and defended it in print against people who called it a bad influence. He died on 10 November 1812 and was buried in the
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recalled Olney shouting, "By God no!" in reply to the demand for surrender. Later that afternoon, the
Hessians tried to rush the fort but were slaughtered by American gunfire. An eyewitness reported that during the fight, Olney used the flat of his sword on soldiers who fired over the parapet without
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The sources stated only that Olney fought in four battles (Red Bank, Monmouth, Springfield, and
Yorktown). However, one source noted that, "he participated in many engagements", so it is likely that he fought in other battles as well. During the period May 1775 to January 1777, the regiment served in
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of the 1st Rhode Island sent
Lieutenant Colonel Olney of the 2nd Regiment to receive the message. Stuart addressed Olney in a tone loud enough for the fort's garrison to hear. He said, "The King of England orders his rebellious subjects to lay down their arms, and they are warned that if they stand
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assembled 6,000 troops nearby, many more than he had suspected. Oswald withdrew his two guns because they were out of round shot and the crews were unable to bring up their ammunition wagon. As
Clinton's troops moved forward menacingly, Lee lost control of his division. Some units began retreating
439:. Butler and Jackson moved forward but came under fire from two British cannons and pulled back into some woods. Thinking Butler and Jackson were enemy forces, Lee sent Durkee's soldiers to attack them. The matter was quickly straightened out and Durkee was shifted to support two guns commanded by
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New Jersey
Brigade. Two more guns were sent to the rear. Washington appeared on the scene and relieved Lee of his command. However, he soon relented and permitted Lee to organize a holding action while he deployed the American main body into a defensive line. Lee placed Olney's brigade behind a
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In
January 1778, the enlisted men of the 1st Rhode Island were transferred to the 2nd Rhode Island. The officers and non commissioned officers of the 1st went back to the state to recruit. The regiment was filled up by enrolling enslaved blacks whose owners were compensated by the state. The RI
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that was owned by his in-laws. He sold water from "Jeremiah Olney's
Fountain" to nearby homes in North Providence. He bought shares in turnpikes, sold framed prints, invested in property, and sold lottery tickets. He acted as the agent for some ex-officers who owned shares in a farm in
329:. The Rhode Island Assembly voted to recruit two full regiments when the terms of enlistment of the 1776 units ran out. By February only 50 men had enrolled but recruiting picked up and 400 men had enlisted by March. Another 1,800 state troops contained the British foothold at
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After the war, Colonel Olney served as
Distributor of Pensions for Rhode Island's invalid soldiers. During the war he paid his own money for supplies and equipment for his regiment. After the war he had difficulty getting reimbursed for these expenses.
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and other units, seeing their neighbors withdraw, fell back as well. Observing his troops withdrawing without orders, Lee gave orders for a general retreat. Oswald, Lee's artillery chief, massed 10 cannon to cover the movement.
431:. As the American units came into contact with the British rear guard, confused fighting broke out. Some British light dragoons attacked a party of militia horsemen but were driven off by volleys from infantry detachments under
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The 1st and 2nd Regiments were merged on 1 January 1781 and the new unit was named the Rhode Island Regiment. Olney transferred to the new regiment in January and assumed command of the regiment on 14 May 1781 after
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and held various civil offices. After helping to establish the Providence Theater, he defended it against accusations of immorality. He also invested in farms, turnpikes, shipping, and other business ventures.
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At the end of the war Olney resigned his commission. He was one of the few individuals who served in the Continental Army for the entirety of its existence. He was a founding member of the Rhode Island
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and one of the founders of the Rhode Island colony. Olney at first declined a captain's commission in the Rhode Island Army of Observation. Later he assumed command of a company of infantry in Colonel
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aiming their muskets. American losses in the engagement were 14 killed, 21 wounded, and one captured while the Hessians suffered 90 killed, 227 wounded, and 69 missing. Donop was mortally wounded.
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Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783-1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies
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223:'s Rhode Island Regiment. He held a captain's commission in the regiment beginning on 3 May 1775. He remained a captain during the entire year of 1776 when the unit was called the
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to parents Joseph Olney (1706–1777) and Elizabeth T. Mawney (b. 1714). He was one of Joseph's 12 children and was sibling to a twin named Marcy. Olney descended from
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was killed. After this action, which occurred about noon, Olney joined the rest of Lee's division which was reorganizing in the rear of Washington's main body.
578:. For his political support, he was rewarded by being appointed in 1790 to the lucrative position of Customs Collector for the Port of Providence by President
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advanced guard, this 300-man unit also included the converged 4th and 8th Connecticut Regiment plus two attached guns from Captain David Cook's company of the
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north-south hedgerow with two of Oswald's guns in support on their right. Oswald's other two guns took a position where they could cover the detachments of
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on 28 June 1778, Olney led the two consolidated Rhode Island regiments in Varnum's brigade which was temporarily commanded by Colonel John Durkee. Part of
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on 2 January 1777 where they held the lower ford on the left flank. In this position, they repelled the attacks of the British light infantry and Hessian
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Pressed by British columns, the retreat continued and Oswald dissolved his large battery, returning Olney's two guns as well as two guns belonging to
478:, Stewart and Ramsey were driven out of the woods on the left. Both Stewart and Ramsey fell wounded and Ramsey was captured by some troopers of the
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550:'s Division. Olney was brevetted as a colonel on 30 September 1783 in recognition of his long and faithful service in the Continental Army.
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274:. The regiment, which numbered only 120 men, belonged to a 352-man brigade commanded by Hitchcock. The 2nd Regiment participated in the
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that same day. When the regiment began its march south to Virginia, Olney was listed as the commander of 360 officers and men. At the
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Department on 12 March 1777 and back to the main army on 14 September. Under the command of Varnum, the 2nd Regiment arrived at
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rallied the Americans on the hill where Thomas Clark's house still stands. Hitchcock's small brigade joined with forces under
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to protect Oswald's two guns on the right, but instead he took position behind the hedgerow on Olney's left.
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Olney pursued numerous money-making ventures after the war. From 1784 until his death, he managed a farm in
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on the left flank. At this time Durkee was wounded and Olney succeeded him in command of Varnum's brigade.
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In 1780 he married the governor's daughter, Sarah Cooke. Later that year he led his regiment in action at
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and served as its treasurer and later as its president from 1800 until his death in 1812.
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Lieutenant Colonel Commandant, Rhode Island Battalion; 1 March 1783 - 25 December 1783
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under a flag of truce to demand the fort's surrender. The American commander, Colonel
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Olney's brigade faced the crack British grenadiers at Monmouth. Grenadier, 40th Foot.
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Lieutenant Colonel Commandant, Rhode Island Regiment; 14 May 1781 - 28 February 1783
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The African-American soldier on the left is from the Rhode Island Regiment in 1781.
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The Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route in the State of Delaware, 1781-1783
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On 26 April 1780 Olney wed Sarah Cooke (1755–1843), daughter of Governor
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on 23 June 1780. In the combat, the 2nd Rhode Island under Angell held up
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caused a large increase in smuggling and he resigned his post in 1809.
259:'s division included Hitchcock's Regiment with a strength of 368 men.
151:. He formed a company of infantry from that state at the start of the
1160:. Washington, D.C.: US Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 60-4.
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190:. After the war he helped found the Rhode Island chapter of the
147:(1749 – 10 November 1812) was born into an old family from
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931:. Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc. p. 240.
186:. He moved south in 1781 to lead the Rhode Island Regiment at
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Monmouth Courthouse 1778: The last great battle in the North
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Soon after this, Lee became aware that British commander
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at the beginning of 1777. As second-in-command of the
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The 1st Rhode Island Regiment of the Continental Line
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385:'s 2,000 Hessian soldiers. Donop sent British Major
542:in October 1781, his regiment belonged to Colonel
1221:People of Rhode Island in the American Revolution
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1134:. Dover, Del.: State of Delaware. Archived from
349:'s brigade. The 2nd Regiment transferred to the
345:, the 2nd Regiment served in Brigadier General
498:Olney's father-in-law, Governor Nicholas Cooke
1101:. Long Island City, N.Y.: Osprey Publishing.
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1226:Burials at North Burying Ground (Providence)
1017:Appleton's Cyclopaedia of America Biography
1211:Continental Army officers from Rhode Island
1054:. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
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1082:. Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books.
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1030:. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books.
1028:Encyclopedia of the American Revolution
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373:On 22 October 1777 Olney fought at the
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1080:The Philadelphia Campaign, Volume II
1069:Gaspee Virtual Archives. gaspee.org
629:; 13 January 1777 - 31 December 1780
622:; 1 January 1776 - 31 December 1776
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645:Brevet Colonel; September 23, 1783
429:3rd Continental Artillery Regiment
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175:brigade in bitter fighting at
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1116:Olney, Laverne. ancestry.com
1026:Boatner, Mark M. III (1994).
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526:were killed by Tories at the
268:Battle of the Assunpink Creek
1170:(Retrieved 28 December 2011)
1121:(Retrieved 28 December 2011)
1074:(Retrieved 28 December 2011)
1022:(Retrieved 27 November 2011)
536:Westchester County, New York
159:in 1776, he was promoted to
119:Battle of Springfield (1780)
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1097:Morrissey, Brendan (2008).
1078:McGuire, Thomas J. (2007).
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576:United States Constitution
262:The regiment, renamed the
207:Olney was born in 1749 at
153:American Revolutionary War
96:American Revolutionary War
1186:Society of the Cincinnati
1125:Selig, Robert A. (2003).
627:2nd Rhode Island Regiment
620:11th Continental Infantry
556:Society of the Cincinnati
335:1st Rhode Island Regiment
317:of the 2nd Rhode Island.
282:'s initial attack routed
278:the following day. After
264:2nd Rhode Island Regiment
225:11th Continental Regiment
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788:americanrevolution.org,
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570:A staunch member of the
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339:4th Connecticut Regiment
209:Providence, Rhode Island
47:Providence, Rhode Island
1165:americanrevolution.org
927:Metcalf, Bryce (1938).
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528:Battle of Pine's Bridge
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596:Tiverton, Rhode Island
512:Wilhelm von Knyphausen
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249:Battle of Long Island
247:. At the time of the
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74:Years of service
1158:The Continental Army
1118:The Olney Connection
967:North America portal
953:United States portal
678:The Olney Connection
632:Lieutenant Colonel,
625:Lieutenant Colonel,
613:Hitchcock's Regiment
469:Henry Livingston Jr.
355:Red Bank, New Jersey
333:. Together with the
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995:Rhode Island portal
600:North Burial Ground
584:Embargo Act of 1807
506:. He fought at the
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375:Battle of Red Bank
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315:lieutenant colonel
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113:Battle of Monmouth
107:Battle of Red Bank
1108:978-1-84176-772-7
1089:978-0-8117-0206-5
1061:978-0-19-518159-3
580:George Washington
540:Siege of Yorktown
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135:
131:
125:
122:
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117:
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111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
97:
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90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
60:
57:United States
56:
52:
48:
43:
39:
36:
31:
27:
20:
1166:
1157:
1143:. Retrieved
1136:the original
1127:
1117:
1098:
1079:
1070:
1049:
1027:
1018:
928:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
818:McGuire, 166
814:
809:McGuire, 160
805:
796:
789:
774:
769:
764:Fischer, 337
760:
755:Fischer, 335
751:
746:Fischer, 409
742:
733:
728:Fischer, 301
724:
719:Fischer, 387
715:
692:
691:Appleton's,
677:
588:
569:
565:
552:
544:Elias Dayton
532:Croton River
516:
501:
490:Later career
473:
453:
445:
418:
401:
372:
304:
261:
253:John Nixon's
237:
213:Thomas Olney
206:
203:Early career
181:
149:Rhode Island
144:
143:
92:Battles/wars
35:Rhode Island
1206:1812 deaths
1201:1749 births
827:Wright, 149
710:Wright, 229
379:Fort Mercer
292:Edward Hand
284:Hugh Mercer
255:brigade of
184:Springfield
1195:Categories
1145:2011-11-30
939:References
676:Olney, L.
522:and Major
54:Allegiance
908:Selig, 68
618:Captain,
611:Captain,
351:Highlands
307:pneumonia
1156:(1989).
1048:(2004).
773:Gaspee,
562:Post war
407:Monmouth
361:Red Bank
243:and the
188:Yorktown
177:Monmouth
173:Varnum's
169:Red Bank
62:Service/
530:on the
419:At the
331:Newport
325:became
157:captain
86:Colonel
1105:
1086:
1058:
1034:
341:, and
272:jägers
126:(1781)
115:(1778)
109:(1777)
64:branch
1139:(PDF)
1132:(PDF)
650:Notes
327:major
1103:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1032:ISBN
463:and
435:and
239:the
82:Rank
49:, US
41:Died
32:1749
29:Born
534:in
1197::
781:^
699:^
684:^
657:^
337:,
298:,
294:,
227:.
1148:.
1111:.
1092:.
1064:.
1040:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
