2450:
1078:
1112:, Kriegler resigned from the Electoral Commission. Addressing the press after the announcement, he denied that his decision was related to the voter identification or budget disputes; instead, he said that he had found it increasingly burdensome to lead the commission while serving as a sitting judge, and that "persisting differences of opinion about the role and function of the commission" had added to this burden. He was succeeded by his former deputy,
971:
520:... a human-rights lawyer, an anticommunist human-rights lawyer, with a fairly strong religious background to it". Of his involvement in advocacy, he said that, "I was not a revolutionary. I was perfectly happy... to agitate, to advocate, to bring pressure to bear, to try to bring conscience to bear on decent members of my own
665:, Kriegler expressed the view that the Constitutional Court's role was to "attempt to synchronise the real world with the ideal construct of a constitutional world created in the image of ", though he also argued extra-curially that it was not within any court's remit "to be seen or to aspire to being seen to be activist". The
952:
719:
1176:
After his retirement in
November 2002, Kriegler spent two further years training South African aspirant judges, prosecutors, and advocates, in which capacity he co-drafted the judicial code of conduct. He is an extraordinary professor of law at his alma mater, the University of Pretoria, and is also
1093:, which superseded the Independent Electoral Commission in 1996; he was appointed as its inaugural chairperson. By the end of his time at the commission, he was viewed as an "expert in electoral drip-feed tension". Indeed, in this role, Kriegler had increasingly strained relations with Mandela's
871:
469:
Johann has a way with words. He uses them as an artist uses paint to create powerful and at times irresistible images in support of his arguments. In his hands a hopeless case could be made to assume reasonable proportions; a good case would become unanswerable. Had he practised in the days of
990:
2144:
570:
were the only apartheid-era judges "of whom it could truly be said there were no major moral blemishes on their legal records... judges who were invariably guided by the principles of equality and dignity". Defending
Kriegler's human rights credentials,
852:
1279:
of corruption. Hlophe's lawyer, Vuyo
Ngalwana, laid a complaint against Kriegler at the Judicial Service Commission, alleging that Kriegler had misconducted himself in making these remarks publicly. In July 2022, in a ruling penned by Judge
1056:
738:
1348:, and in 2011, he received the International Foundation for Electoral Systems's Charles T. Manatt Democracy Award for outstanding commitment to democracy and human rights. He is an honorary life member of the Johannesburg Bar and an
1274:
quoted
Kriegler, speaking on behalf of FUL, as making further critical remarks about Hlophe, including the propositions that Hlophe was not fit to be a judge and that he had employed "contrived reasoning" in acquitting politician
625:. In Kriegler's summation, "Probably because we knew no better, we pulled it off." Shortly afterwards, in July 1994, the post-apartheid government appointed him as chairperson of the Commission of Inquiry into Unrest in Prisons.
660:
During his tenure in the
Constitutional Court, Kriegler wrote opinions in a total of 29 cases: 20 majority judgments (of which 15 were unanimous), five concurring opinions, and four dissenting opinions. In a minority opinion in
488:
During his career as an advocate, Kriegler chaired the
Johannesburg Bar Council in 1977 and 1980, and he also served a term as secretary of the General Council of the Bar of South Africa. At the same time, he was involved in
1299:
He also continued his engagements as an international consultant on electoral and judicial matters, including on behalf of the
International Commission of Jurists, the United Nations Electoral Assistance Division, and the
1037:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
814:
833:
464:. Breytenbach, whom Kriegler defended against treason charges, described Kriegler in his memoir as "the rarest of all Afrikaners; a completely honest man profoundly inspired by humane principles".
1248:
told the press that he was concerned about "the statements and words which are attributed to Judge
Kriegler in the media. It's impossible to live with a very clear patronising attitude toward
356:
in April 1994 and the commission's own establishment as a permanent institution. Both before and after his retirement, he was active in international engagements on electoral disputes and
1215:. During the organisation's official launch in September 2009, Kriegler announced that FUL would seek judicial review of the Judicial Service Commission's recent decision to drop
890:
2346:
1009:
2574:
933:
333:, Kriegler was called to the Johannesburg Bar as an advocate in 1959 and took silk in 1972. In addition to his trial advocacy, he gained prominence for his involvement in
2821:
575:
pointed in particular to
Kriegler's refusal to resign from the Legal Resources Centre, despite a contrary instruction from the apartheid government and Chief Justice
2811:
349:
elevated him to the inaugural bench of the
Constitutional Court upon the court's inception, and he served in the apex court until his retirement in November 2002.
2196:
2308:
2801:
364:
in 2008. In addition, from 2008 to 2023, he was the founding chairperson of Freedom Under Law, a prominent non-profit organisation which aims to promote the
1543:"The Advocate, Peacemaker, Judge and Activist: A Chronicle on the Contributions of Justice Johann Kriegler to South African Constitutional Jurisprudence"
1492:
2339:
1935:
592:
315:
352:
While a sitting judge, Kriegler was appointed to chair the Electoral Commission in December 1993, and he oversaw both the administration of the
1186:
776:
2332:
1344:
In 2003, the General Council of the Bar of South Africa presented Kriegler with its Sydney and Felicia Kentridge Award for Service to Law in
1240:– and FUL's announcement deepened the controversy. Three FUL members resigned from advisory positions in response: while Kgomotso Moroka and
588:
1845:
1264:. We’ve got to go with it now... I am far too vain an old man to grow a thick skin, but all I can do is wrap myself in the blanket of duty.
795:
757:
2786:
1252:, which has become a recurring theme in his statements." Kriegler said that FUL would nonetheless proceed with the legal action, saying:
2816:
2796:
2791:
1157:
634:
1207:
In 2008, Kriegler became the founding chairman of Freedom Under Law (FUL), a non-profit organisation newly established to promote the
1236:
Kriegler had engaged in a minor public spat with Hlophe the prior month – after he made critical comments during a public lecture at
532:
Kriegler served intermittently as an acting judge between 1976 and 1983, and in 1984 he was appointed permanently as a judge of the
2169:
337:, particularly as founding chairperson of Lawyers for Human Rights from 1981. Upon gaining judicial appointment, he served in the
2314:
600:
501:
from 1978 to 1988 and as the founding chairperson of Lawyers for Human Rights from 1981. He also drafted the constitution of the
2806:
502:
2831:
621:
were held less than six months later, on 26 April 1994, despite ongoing political violence and a short-lived boycott by the
2394:
2355:
1580:
1090:
1082:
642:
385:
319:
299:
79:
36:
1133:
1109:
646:
618:
353:
1333:
1317:
553:
2039:
2013:
1182:
541:
342:
173:
2273:
1098:
2364:
692:
The following is a list of Constitutional Court opinions that Kriegler wrote on behalf of the court's majority.
608:
2091:
1904:
599:. He later explained that he had accepted the job because of a "grave misunderstanding": he had spoken with the
1878:
1554:
1287:
Kriegler retired from the board of Freedom Under Law on 30 July 2023, ceding the chairmanship to retired judge
393:
2836:
2826:
2383:
1961:
1500:
1301:
1129:
537:
533:
405:
338:
311:
206:
140:
1608:
2745:
1216:
1202:
2117:
1815:
1233:, a politically sensitive case. Kriegler said that the decision was "gravely harmful to the rule of law".
1148:(2002); and judicial and advocacy training in various other countries. In addition, he was briefed by the
1720:
1321:
1270:
604:
1105:), and in July 1998, he threatened to resign if the government did not augment the commission's budget.
2066:
1152:
Electoral Assistance Division on election-related assignments in various countries. When he supervised
409:
283:
267:
1256:
I was frightened at the prospect, I am still frightened at the prospect, but fortunately I had an old
457:
2755:
2559:
1406:
1094:
421:
1987:
1760:
1667:
1124:
During and after his stint at the South African Electoral Commission, Kriegler was also involved in
1237:
2449:
1635:
2302:
1449:
1268:
The resulting legal and disciplinary processes continued for over a decade. On 1 March 2021, the
1178:
1097:
government: among other things, he was a vocal critic of the government's decision to strengthen
552:
Although his judgments covered a large variety of areas of law, he was a particular authority on
1284:, the Judicial Conduct Committee found against Kriegler, ordering him to retract his statement.
652:
and he served there until he retired from the judiciary on 29 November 2002, his 70th birthday.
2781:
2750:
513:
498:
397:
279:
1786:
633:
Later in 1994, In the aftermath of the general election and pursuant to an interview with the
1693:
1332:
appointed to the Electoral Complaints Commission which adjudicated disputes arising from the
1137:
685:
649:. He was among the 11 judges sworn into the apex court's inaugural bench on 14 February 1995,
622:
607:, and, due to poor telephone service, had believed himself to be accepting a position on the
461:
357:
249:
2776:
1212:
506:
441:
408:
government. After that, he completed his LLB in 1958, earned by correspondence through the
1181:. He has also served as a trustee for a number of charitable organisations, including the
953:
Ex Parte Women's Legal Centre, in re: Moise v Greater Germiston Transitional Local Council
8:
2740:
2318:
1305:
1249:
1125:
494:
433:
361:
1364:
He is married to Betty Welz, with whom he has nine children. They live in Johannesburg.
1101:(in particular by requiring the universal use of bar-coded identification documents for
1077:
2404:
2324:
1141:
1102:
670:
596:
562:
245:
2554:
2489:
2474:
1853:
1550:
1165:
1025:
1021:
902:
480:
1227:, who was accused of attempting to influence the Constitutional Court's decision in
2529:
2464:
2409:
1349:
1309:
1089:
After the 1994 election, Kriegler was centrally involved in founding the permanent
1062:
977:
939:
920:
896:
877:
820:
801:
782:
763:
744:
679:
674:
612:
334:
71:
1747:
1043:
1015:
996:
958:
858:
839:
725:
2544:
2434:
1345:
1245:
1241:
1220:
2221:
449:
2534:
2524:
2519:
2484:
2419:
1542:
1288:
1281:
1161:
1149:
638:
453:
425:
420:
In 1959, Kriegler was called to the Johannesburg Bar, where he practised as an
346:
341:
from 1984 to 1995, first in the Transvaal Division and then, from 1993, in the
303:
163:
59:
2247:
1185:, the AIDS Law Project and SECTION27, the Constitutional Court Trust, and the
1164:, who told the press that the extra-curial activities of Kriegler and Justice
2770:
2539:
2514:
2499:
2469:
2429:
2424:
1857:
1353:
1276:
445:
2248:"Afghanistan: UN envoy advises release of international funds for elections"
1168:
demonstrated that Constitutional Court justices were under-worked and lazy.
872:
Metcash Trading Limited v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service
595:, which was tasked with administering South African's first elections under
2479:
2414:
2399:
2368:
2145:"Organisation calls for suspension of judge Hlophe after Bongo's acquittal"
1547:
Making the Road by Walking: The Evolution of the South African Constitution
1329:
1324:; and in 2010 he and Safwat Sidqi were the international members whom
1229:
1113:
914:
576:
572:
567:
490:
429:
389:
307:
298:(born 29 November 1932) is a retired South African judge who served in the
110:
396:
for two years thereafter. In 1954, he graduated with a BA degree from the
2549:
2494:
2439:
1325:
1224:
1208:
1190:
365:
196:
720:
Coetzee v Government; Matiso v Commanding Officer, Port Elizabeth Prison
2564:
2509:
1153:
471:
377:
326:
274:
516:: a "vehement opponent of socialism and certainly its extreme form of
2388:
2197:"Judge Kriegler steps down as Freedom Under Law chair after 15 years"
521:
437:
401:
669:
regarded him ultimately as "a flamboyant maverick" comfortable with
505:, served as national president of Verligte Aksie, and served on the
381:
330:
241:
1244:
said only that they had not been consulted on FUL's legal action,
972:
Minister of Defence v Potsane; Legal Soldier v Minister of Defence
517:
314:
in 1984. He was also the first chairperson of the post-apartheid
2170:"Kriegler to challenge ruling that he retract remarks on Hlophe"
1936:"Justice Johann Kriegler retires as chair of Freedom Under Law"
1145:
1160:, he was harshly criticised by South African Justice Minister
1010:
Prince v President of the Law Society of the Cape of Good Hope
1846:"Head of South Africa's Election Commission Resigns Suddenly"
1581:"Constitutional Court: Retirement of Justice Johann Kriegler"
1313:
1257:
512:
Kriegler later described himself as having been committed to
1038:
Ex Parte Minister of Safety and Security, in re: S v Walters
2274:"2011 IFES Democracy Awards Dinner – Judge Johann Kriegler"
302:
from February 1995 to November 2002. Formerly a practising
556:, and in 1993 he authored the fifth edition of Hiemstra's
1057:
Phoebus Apollo Aviation v Minister of Safety and Security
2354:
1668:"SA's elections: How the IEC made the impossible happen"
544:
from 1990 until 1993, when he was elevated permanently.
400:, where he was politically active as an opponent of the
1196:
853:
S v Dlamini; S v Dladla; S v Joubert; S v Schietekat
497:
advocacy, particularly as a founding trustee of the
384:
on 29 November 1932. He matriculated in 1949 at the
2822:Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
2278:The International Foundation for Electoral Systems
2040:"Hlophe's lawyer lashes out at 'old man' Kriegler"
1549:. Pretoria University Law Press. pp. 71–101.
628:
2014:"Kriegler: Don't sacrifice judicial independence"
587:In December 1993, during the final stages of the
2768:
1721:"11 Activists Sworn In for New S. African Court"
739:Key v Attorney-General, Cape Provincial Division
560:, an authoritative textbook on the subject. The
2812:Alumni of King Edward VII School (Johannesburg)
1211:in Southern Africa through public advocacy and
591:, Kriegler was appointed as chairperson of the
1187:International Foundation for Electoral Systems
2340:
2092:"Kriegler's 'condescending attitude' slammed"
645:, which would be newly established under the
432:with a varied client list that included poet
2802:Academic staff of the University of Pretoria
1177:a longtime board member of the university's
49:14 February 1995 – 29 November 2002
2311:with the Judicial Service Commission (1994)
1294:
1119:
527:
380:professional soldier, Kriegler was born in
371:
2347:
2333:
1905:"Maduna escapes unbowed from latest gaffe"
1262:as jou voet in die stiebeuel is moet jy ry
815:Sanderson v Attorney-General, Eastern Cape
412:while he was working as a judicial clerk.
2064:
1879:"Kriegler phones amid gunfire – but safe"
1128:initiatives abroad: he participated in a
1816:"Secret Mandela offer overturned by ANC"
1076:
689:as examples of his judicial "boldness".
582:
310:, he joined the bench as a judge of the
1962:"Kriegler to challenge Hlophe decision"
1085:, where Kriegler served for seven years
1072:
677:, pointing to his minority opinions in
603:over telephone while on holiday in the
2769:
2194:
2142:
2065:Rademeyer, Julian (7 September 2009).
1930:
1928:
1926:
1745:Fose v Minister of Safety and Security
1718:
1609:"Judge Kriegler rose to the challenge"
663:Fose v Minister of Safety and Security
92:7 July 1997 – 26 January 1999
2328:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1810:
1808:
1633:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1339:
991:President v Gauteng Lions Rugby Union
641:appointed Kriegler as a judge of the
2356:Constitutional Court of South Africa
2118:"Kriegler saddles up for rough ride"
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1603:
1601:
1575:
1573:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1497:Constitutional Court of South Africa
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1197:Freedom Under Law and Hlophe dispute
1091:Electoral Commission of South Africa
643:Constitutional Court of South Africa
615:was appointed as Kriegler's deputy.
360:, notably as chairperson of Kenya's
320:Electoral Commission of South Africa
300:Constitutional Court of South Africa
1923:
1134:International Commission of Jurists
13:
2787:20th-century South African lawyers
2222:"Kenya to get poll violence court"
1844:Daley, Suzanne (27 January 1999).
1834:
1805:
1712:
1334:2010 Afghan parliamentary election
655:
14:
2848:
2817:University of South Africa alumni
2797:21st-century South African judges
2792:20th-century South African judges
2296:
2067:"Judge 'patronises black people'"
1653:
1598:
1570:
1515:
1468:
1425:
1374:
1099:voter identification requirements
474:he might never have lost a case.
415:
2448:
2195:Mabuza, Ernest (1 August 2023).
1719:Drogin, Bob (15 February 1995).
1359:
593:Independent Electoral Commission
547:
540:. He was an acting judge in the
524:. To some extent it succeeded."
316:Independent Electoral Commission
2266:
2240:
2214:
2188:
2162:
2143:Mabuza, Ernest (1 March 2021).
2136:
2110:
2084:
2058:
2032:
2006:
1980:
1954:
1897:
1871:
1779:
1761:"Test for court still to come?"
1753:
1738:
1634:Bizos, George (22 April 2008).
629:Constitutional Court: 1995–2002
509:board of the Urban Foundation.
1686:
1627:
1183:Nelson Mandela Children's Fund
1132:mission to Angola in 1999; in
394:South African Military Academy
1:
2807:University of Pretoria alumni
1636:"Don't judge by colour alone"
1367:
1302:International Bar Association
1171:
1130:National Democratic Institute
1108:On 26 January 1999, ahead of
696:Kriegler's majority opinions
589:negotiations to end apartheid
538:Supreme Court of South Africa
534:Transvaal Provincial Division
354:first post-apartheid election
339:Supreme Court of South Africa
312:Transvaal Provincial Division
207:Transvaal Provincial Division
2832:South African Senior Counsel
2746:Constitution of South Africa
1988:"Hlophe in crosshairs again"
1454:South African History Online
1450:"Johann Christiaan Kriegler"
1203:John Hlophe gross misconduct
1110:that year's general election
428:in 1972. He was a prominent
7:
1308:, established to recommend
934:Wallach v Selvan and Others
635:Judicial Service Commission
558:Suid-Afrikaanse strafproses
10:
2853:
1318:2007 presidential election
1304:. In 2008, he chaired the
1260:grandfather who taught me
1200:
424:for the next 25 years; he
410:University of South Africa
296:Johann Christiaan Kriegler
284:University of South Africa
268:Johannesburg, South Africa
226:Johann Christiaan Kriegler
2756:Judiciary of South Africa
2736:
2573:
2560:Johann van der Westhuizen
2457:
2446:
2375:
2362:
2305:at University of Pretoria
1493:"Justice Johann Kriegler"
1407:"Justice Johann Kriegler"
1095:African National Congress
891:Lane and Fey v Dabelstein
289:
273:
263:
255:
221:
216:
212:
202:
190:
179:
169:
157:
146:
138:
128:
116:
106:
96:
85:
77:
65:
53:
42:
34:
30:
23:
1787:"Send in Judge Kriegler"
1541:Moyo, Khulekani (2012).
1295:International consulting
1238:Witwatersrand University
1120:International activities
601:Minister of Home Affairs
528:Supreme Court: 1984–1995
372:Early life and education
2303:Justice Johann Kriegler
2174:The Mail & Guardian
2122:The Mail & Guardian
2096:The Mail & Guardian
2044:The Mail & Guardian
2018:The Mail & Guardian
1966:The Mail & Guardian
1909:The Mail & Guardian
1820:The Mail & Guardian
1791:The Mail & Guardian
1765:The Mail & Guardian
1698:The Mail & Guardian
1694:"An imperfect delivery"
1672:The Mail & Guardian
1640:The Mail & Guardian
1613:The Mail & Guardian
1594:(1): 27–28. April 2003.
1179:Centre for Human Rights
1158:independence referendum
566:later said that he and
2751:Courts of South Africa
1266:
1086:
1063:[2002] ZACC 26
978:[2001] ZACC 12
940:[2001] ZACC 24
921:[2001] ZACC 17
897:[2001] ZACC 14
878:[2000] ZACC 21
821:[1997] ZACC 18
802:[1997] ZACC 14
783:[1996] ZACC 21
764:[1996] ZACC 14
745:[1996] ZACC 25
514:free market capitalism
499:Legal Resources Centre
476:
398:University of Pretoria
386:King Edward VII School
280:University of Pretoria
123:Commission established
1748:[1997] ZACC 6
1254:
1193:commercial disputes.
1138:judicial independence
1080:
1044:[2002] ZACC 6
1016:[2002] ZACC 1
997:[2001] ZACC 5
959:[2001] ZACC 2
859:[1999] ZACC 8
840:[1998] ZACC 5
726:[1995] ZACC 7
686:Du Plessis v De Klerk
623:Inkatha Freedom Party
583:1994 general election
467:
462:Church of Scientology
358:judicial independence
250:Union of South Africa
2837:Human rights lawyers
2827:People from Pretoria
2395:Deputy Chief Justice
1213:strategic litigation
1083:Constitutional Court
1073:Electoral Commission
647:Interim Constitution
452:, white politicians
442:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
80:Electoral Commission
37:Constitutional Court
2741:Law of South Africa
2280:. 15 September 2011
2124:. 11 September 2009
1503:on 2 September 2006
1306:Kriegler Commission
1126:democracy promotion
697:
667:Mail & Guardian
563:Mail & Guardian
503:Christian Institute
458:Eugene Terreblanche
434:Breyten Breytenbach
362:Kriegler Commission
16:South African judge
2575:Lists of judgments
2405:Mbuyiseli Madlanga
2228:. 27 November 2008
2098:. 7 September 2009
1994:. 3 September 2009
1968:. 3 September 2009
1911:. 1 September 1999
1885:. 1 September 1999
1850:The New York Times
1793:. 10 November 2000
1354:Gray's Inn, London
1340:Awards and honours
1103:voter registration
1087:
695:
597:universal suffrage
554:criminal procedure
542:Appellate Division
483:, 28 November 2002
448:, activist cleric
343:Appellate Division
174:Appellate Division
2764:
2763:
2555:Thembile Skweyiya
2490:Richard Goldstone
2475:Arthur Chaskalson
2365:Constitution Hill
1822:. 29 January 1999
1725:Los Angeles Times
1700:. 17 January 2011
1615:. 9 December 2002
1456:. 3 February 2022
1310:electoral reforms
1217:its investigation
1166:Richard Goldstone
1070:
1069:
605:Natal South Coast
481:Arthur Chaskalson
392:and attended the
368:in South Africa.
293:
292:
2844:
2530:Dikgang Moseneke
2465:Laurie Ackermann
2452:
2410:Nonkosi Mhlantla
2376:Current justices
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2319:Padraig O'Malley
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:. 21 August 2009
2036:
2030:
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2020:. 19 August 2009
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1322:political crisis
1223:Judge President
1020:Co-written with
901:Co-written with
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680:President v Hugo
675:executive branch
613:Dikgang Moseneke
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2415:Leona Theron
2400:Mandisa Maya
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2282:. Retrieved
2277:
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2201:Sunday Times
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2149:Sunday Times
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2100:. Retrieved
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2017:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1991:
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1970:. Retrieved
1965:
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1944:. Retrieved
1939:
1913:. Retrieved
1908:
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1674:. 7 May 2014
1671:
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1560:. Retrieved
1546:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1496:
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1453:
1415:. Retrieved
1410:
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1343:
1330:Hamid Karzai
1298:
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1271:Sunday Times
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1235:
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1123:
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915:S v Mamabolo
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491:human rights
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450:Beyers Naudé
430:trial lawyer
419:
390:Johannesburg
375:
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345:. President
324:
308:Johannesburg
295:
294:
192:Appointed by
181:
159:Appointed by
148:
134:Brigalia Bam
130:Succeeded by
122:
111:Brigalia Bam
98:Appointed by
87:
67:Succeeded by
55:Appointed by
44:
18:
2777:1932 births
2550:Albie Sachs
2495:Chris Jafta
2440:Owen Rogers
2321:(1995–1999)
2284:21 February
2258:21 February
2232:21 February
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1998:21 February
1972:21 February
1946:21 February
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1750: at 94.
1730:17 February
1704:21 February
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1619:21 February
1562:16 December
1507:21 February
1460:21 February
1417:21 February
1225:John Hlophe
1209:rule of law
1144:(2002) and
671:confronting
472:jury trials
366:rule of law
197:P. W. Botha
118:Preceded by
2771:Categories
2565:Zak Yacoob
2510:Pius Langa
2315:Interviews
1556:1920538755
1368:References
1328:President
1201:See also:
1191:arbitrates
1189:. He also
1172:Retirement
1154:East Timor
1022:Chaskalson
796:S v Ntsele
758:S v Julies
704:Case name
460:, and the
275:Alma mater
259:Betty Welz
232:1932-11-29
2389:Ray Zondo
2309:Interview
1858:0362-4331
1142:Palestine
1026:Ackermann
903:Goldstone
707:Citation
507:Transvaal
426:took silk
402:apartheid
378:Afrikaner
327:Afrikaner
264:Residence
246:Transvaal
186:1984–1993
182:In office
153:1993–1995
149:In office
88:In office
45:In office
2226:BBC News
1588:Advocate
440:leaders
438:homeland
422:advocate
382:Pretoria
331:Pretoria
242:Pretoria
203:Division
170:Division
2252:UN News
536:of the
518:Marxism
2071:News24
1992:News24
1856:
1553:
1326:Afghan
1146:Malawi
710:Notes
256:Spouse
107:Deputy
2317:with
1584:(PDF)
1314:Kenya
1219:into
404:-era
329:from
2728:2024
2723:2023
2718:2022
2713:2021
2708:2020
2703:2019
2698:2018
2693:2017
2688:2016
2683:2015
2678:2014
2673:2013
2668:2012
2663:2011
2658:2010
2653:2009
2648:2008
2643:2007
2638:2006
2633:2005
2628:2004
2623:2003
2618:2002
2613:2001
2608:2000
2603:1999
2598:1998
2593:1997
2588:1996
2583:1995
2286:2024
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1974:2024
1948:2024
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1854:ISSN
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1680:2024
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1621:2024
1564:2023
1551:ISBN
1509:2024
1462:2024
1419:2024
1258:boer
1221:Cape
1081:The
1024:and
701:No.
683:and
673:the
493:and
456:and
444:and
318:and
304:silk
222:Born
1883:IOL
1352:of
1312:in
1156:'s
1140:in
1052:18
1033:17
1005:16
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967:14
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