John Braham (RAF officer)

1066: 664: 875: 679:, knocking out one of its engines before the cannons jammed. His radar operator, Sergeant Ross, eventually unjammed three of the guns. Braham's second burst blew the bomber up at a range of 60 yards and the Beaufighter narrowly avoided colliding with the debris. The engagement lasted 13 minutes. The two aircrew achieved another success on the 9 May. Approaching from slightly below their target, Braham followed his radar operator's instructions until a visual sighting had been made. Identifying an aircraft through a patch of eclipsed stars he could then position himself to attack. Attacking two He 111s he downed one with two close-range and short bursts of cannon fire. The victory was confirmed. The He 111 had crashed in neighbouring 33: 1186:

feet his Mosquito bounced off a mound but he managed to hit the enemy aircraft which burst into flames, stalled and crashed near Aalborg. The range was so close—around 100 yards—the Focke-Wulf nearly collided with Braham. The loss of fuel from the chase and damage coupled with his damaged propellers upon his collision with the ground, meant that the chances of reaching England were slim. He climbed to high altitude 70 miles from the coast and broadcast an emergency message which was received. He ditched the Mosquito which broke in half. They took the dingy and watched the tail and wings remain afloat. He was retrieved with Gregory by air-sea rescue.

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give a definitive answer. Nevertheless, his 29th victory eased the tension and Embry invited him to the bar for a conciliatory beer. Bill Gregory did not fly with Bob Braham again. His DFC and bar with DFM reflected his contribution to Braham's success. He may also have taken the events of 12 May 1944 as a warning. For Braham, the thrill of ranger operations was addictive. On 25 May 1944 he attempted another but turned back because of poor weather. His last operations were flown with both Embry and Walsh on 6 June 1944 during the

5746: 773:. Skilfully "hugging the waves" the Ju 88 pilot succeeded in making violent evasive manoeuvres. Although the German aircraft was damaged, momentarily the Beaufighter passed over the Ju 88 and was hit by a volley of defensive fire that caused the port engine to catch fire, forcing a crash landing near Beachy Head. Neither he nor his operator on that flight, Harry Jacobs, were injured though a bullet was found to have passed through Braham's seat, missing him by inches. He was awarded his 1242: 576:(IFF) devices had been fitted to some British aircraft they were not always switched on. Braham also experienced technical malfunctions in the Blenheims which prompted him to call into question their reliability. On one occasion the hydraulic pipe fractured in the Blenheim he was flying which caused the landing gear to fail and prompted Braham to force-land. At this time he was joined by his gunner/observer Bill Gregory with whom he was to fly frequently. 1229:

Mosquito could not outrun the faster and more agile single-engine fighters for long. He decided to turn and fight while he still could. In a head-on attack the first Fw 190 pilot missed but the second struck the port wing and engine with cannon fire causing a large fire. The instrument panel and cockpit window was shot through missing both Walsh and Braham by inches. Braham dived to the sea levelling out below 100 feet. He tried to use the

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noticed a slight whine in the aircraft's radio speakers meaning the Mosquito was being tracked by radar. To make it difficult for the enemy to track him he changed course frequently. Ranger operations depended on surprise, but it had clearly been lost. The clouds were thinning out and visibility was improving. Braham decided it was now a folly to continue and decided to head for home. While flying over

357:. He claimed the destruction of 29 enemy aircraft. In addition, he claimed a further six damaged and four probable victories. One of these probable victories can be confirmed through German records, making an unofficial total of 30 enemy aircraft destroyed. Nineteen were achieved at night. He was the most successful British pilot on twin-engine aircraft. The 19 victories claimed at night rivalled 5734: 1041:. It allowed for accurate navigation but night sorties would not be fruitful since the location of enemy aircraft would be exceptionally difficult. For Braham, hunting in daylight was a strange experience. On 5 March 1944 he flew with Bill Gregory on a 900-mile trip around northern France. The weather impeded his attempts to shoot up airfields at 1285:, had painted all British and Allied airmen as "terror flyers" and his message resonated with civilians. At one point, a group of drunk German soldiers threatened them with bayonets and tried forcing their way into the carriage of the over-crowded train. Braham feared for his life but the situation was restored when a young 648:". By 29 November Squadron had become an all-Beaufighter unit. Braham was among the first to fly the Beaufighter and did so in September. He would, however, spend nearly the entire month hospitalised after a serious car accident. He flew his first wartime operation in a Beaufighter on 17 November 1940. Squadron Leader 1112:, tried a crash-landing only to nose-over and crumple the wings. Braham strafed it to ensure destruction. His gun cameras filmed the action during which he fired 320 rounds. On 4 April he returned to France. Lacking radar, Braham sought out large airfields to be sure of intercepting an enemy aircraft. He flew to 1327:. Braham came to respect Spreckels, their differences aside. He learned that Spreckels had lost his parents in a British air attack and was surprised when the German dismissed the fact with the words "it is the war." Both fighter pilots dissociated themselves with the bomber war. They shook hands and parted. 917:—who finished the war as the most successful night fighter of all time with 121 air victories. Schnaufer led his flight out toward the echo but turned back himself after engine trouble. Using his Serrate radar detector, Braham and his radar operator picked up the emissions made by the German fighters' 949:

Braham was not satisfied with his current score-rate and lack of action in September 1943. Consequently, he flew a number of missions against ground targets. Successful night fighter pilots were ordered not to engage in such activities that exposed them to excessive risk. On one particular mission he

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and his reaction to this news was request a transfer which was refused. The squadron spent three months converting onto the Blenheim. In August 1939 No. 29 did convert to the Hurricane but upon the outbreak of war the squadron was reverted to the Blenheim as part of its reorientation to night fighter

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where he tested and developed existing and new night fighting equipment. The massive disarmament and reduction of the RAF—mimicking that of the early 1920s—disillusioned Braham even more. Flying was reduced to save costs and removed the one activity that had drawn him into the RAF in 1937. Initially

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Unlike Gregory, Braham was unperturbed by the events of 12 May 1944. Braham believed that while the war continued a trained combat pilot must engage the enemy at all costs. His experience allowed him a greater chance to survive the odds than a new pilot but he acknowledged his fortune could not last

724:

Bill Gregory became Braham's regular radar operator on 6 July 1941. He gained another victory the next day on 7 July 1941 with the destruction of a Ju 88 and became an ace on 12 September shooting down a He 111 for his fifth victory. A Do 17 was claimed on 19 October followed by another He 111 on 24

449:, Blackburn, Lancashire did not go well. He was frequently absent owing to his father's ministerial appointments which forced the family to continually relocate and consequently his concentration and grades declined. He left grammar school at the age of 16 after only a few months and did not return. 1214:

On 25 June 1944 he collected a Mosquito from 21 Squadron and the Australian navigator Don Walsh and then flew to Norfolk to refuel at West Raynham. They took off and headed to the Danish coast. Out-to-sea he spotted, and was likely seen, by German coastal ships. As they neared land Braham and Walsh

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There was evidence that Braham's judgement was becoming impaired. He had not taken much leave since the war began in 1939 and he admitted to becoming short-tempered with his family and those around him. He had spent much of the previous two years leading from the front and flying long and hazardous

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in Somerset. He attended schools in southern England as the Brahams moved across the country to London. Braham was powerfully built. By the age of 15 he was 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 metres) and weighed around 12 to 13 stone (76 to 83 kilograms) and used his natural gifts to become a successful

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Braham was born in April 1920. Upon leaving school as a teenager he worked for his local constabulary as a clerk. Bored with civilian life, Braham joined the RAF on a five-year short service commission in December 1937. He began basic training in March 1938 and then advanced training from August to

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and died on 13 December 1941. By coincidence it was the same night that Braham was involved in a car accident in which a young woman died. In 1941 Braham met Joan Hyde on a night out. Within a few months they were married by Braham's father in Duxford on 15 April 1941 just nine days after his 21st

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for his wartime work. The arrangement was short-lived when the Central Fighter Establishment was cut by half. Coupled with rationing and a declining standard of living and low-wages, Braham resigned from the RAF in March 1946 and applied to join the Rhodesian Colonial Police. Bill Gregory heard of

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At the interrogation centre he was poorly fed and physically weakened. It was part of the German technique for weakening resistance to interrogation. The Germans had prepared a file on all famous RAF personnel based on information from British newspapers. They knew most of what had happened in his

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Braham was summoned to see Basil Embry. The commanding officer made Braham wait until he had cleaned himself up and was properly dressed. Embry gave Braham a stern rebuke for risking himself in such a fashion. He had not given his agreement to the operation and Braham had taken off before he could

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Braham encountered what he identified to be a Do 217 which engaged him in a dogfight. He downed the enemy aircraft which hit the ground and exploded. He then gained another contact on an enemy aircraft but could not quite catch it then witnessed a crash or explosion nearby. One source suggests the

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After departing the area he reached the west coast, but Braham had loitered for too long. He spotted two Fw 190s approaching fast from the east. Braham had shot down two of these machines in a Mosquito but he was uncertain of how experienced these pilots had been. There was no cloud cover and the

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line he spotted a Fw 190 near Hurning. Giving chase Braham found himself under attack by a Bf 109—his presence clearly detected by German radar. His Mosquito was hit in the port wing and the fuel line were ruptured. The Bf 109 then disappeared. Ignoring the damage he closed on the Fw 190. At zero

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to Paris line he intercepted a locomotive which exploded after being hit. He attacked another but struck some trees which damaged the underside of the fuselage. Braham maintained control and flew home. It was not unusual for him to return with strange defections caused by collisions with objects.

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on 14 June and another nine days later. A claim was also made for a damaged Ju 88 after Braham's guns had jammed. In between these two successes, Braham was awarded a second bar to his DFC on 15 June 1943. Throughout June, 141 Squadron claimed five enemy fighters destroyed and two damaged for the

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one crew member, likely Vinke, who he had seen parachute out of the aircraft, but Bill Gregory persuaded him not to. Braham's Beaufighter was nearly struck by debris from the last victim. Braham had a habit of opening fire at very close range and the resulting disintegration of the Messerschmitt

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was shot down in error by a Blenheim which could not correctly identify the aircraft; some other Blenheims crashed after being caught in the glare of search lights at low-level and return-fire from German bombers had inflicted at least one loss whilst 29 Squadron succeeded on bring down only one

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Aged 17, Braham applied for a short service commission in the RAF, a course that lasted for five years. The commission was designed to find young aviation enthusiasts with the right physical and academic qualities to become flying officers. To Braham's surprise, his application was accepted. His

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searching for a war-story to print. Braham, who despised publicity, physically ejected them from his property. His decision to shut the media out of his life likely explains why, even as one of the most successful aces, he was virtually unknown in Britain outside the RAF. Braham had also become

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Braham and Walsh scrambled free of the Mosquito and hid behind a sand dune. As they did so the aircraft's fuel tanks exploded. The Fw 190 pilot flew over at 20 feet and for a moment they believed he was going to fire upon them. To their relief he waved and flew by. They contemplated escape but

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in which he was travelling left the road at speed. He had been on a night out celebrating his success. The five passengers (three officers and two girls) were all hurt, but one of the women later died in hospital. Once recovered Bob survived two scares on duty at Cranfield. On 13 March a

548:. It is unknown when, if, or how many of No 29 Squadron's Blenheim aircraft were fitted with them in 1940 as the squadron continued to practice, and struggle with, adapting to night-fighter tactics. A great many pilots relied on basic non-AI tactics which usually meant co-operating with 492:. It was normal for pilots to undertake solo flights after eight to eleven hours dual instruction with their flight instructor. For Braham, progress was slow and he made his first solo flight after 14 hours of dual instruction. On 9 March 1938 Braham flew solo for the first time in a 1513:. He became an area superintendent and served for five years. In December 1973 he experienced a sudden onset of headaches and complained of nausea. He was admitted to hospital but his health declined rapidly. Bob Braham died from a brain tumour on 7 February 1974 at the age of 53. 1459:. While there he was involved in a mid-air collision, losing a wing and unable to jettison the canopy. He ejected through the canopy, parachuting to safety but sustaining back and head injuries. In the summer 1960, the family moved to Paris, when he was appointed senior officer at 1160:

carrying a drop tank and under-wing rockets at low-level. He fired at 600 yards as the enemy accelerated to escape. His fire slowed the Fw 190; catching up with it, the Fw 190 was hit again and crashed: its wreckage strewn over three fields. The Focke-Wulf was his 27th victory.

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After the war he was offered a permanent commission, which he initially accepted. Having resigned his commission in March 1946 he re-enlisted briefly. After struggling to find a career that would support his family, Braham emigrated to Canada with his family and enlisted in the

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instantly German soldiers were running towards them. They had crash-landed near a radar station and the enemy soldiers were at the crash site very quickly. The Germans fired a few shots in their direction but none hit them. They were captured and searched. The Germans found a

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appeared on the scene soon afterwards. The cloud base was only at 1,000 feet and he effected his escape by hiding in its folds. One of the Bf 109s fired some ineffectual bursts of fire at Braham and he also encountered some light ground fire. He flew directly to Group HQ at

1413:

Braham's decision and contacted Basil Embry, Braham's former commanding officer. Embry soon persuaded him to return to the RAF at the rank of flight lieutenant with the pay of an acting wing commander. There followed a period of two years of non-flying appointments in the

1274:. Along the journey the train stopped because of air raids throughout the day and night. The German guards made it clear they had disdain for the British airmen. When civilians saw them in the carriages and the stations insults and death threats were shouted at them. 612:

and trained radar operator N. Jacobson. Braham was directed to an aircraft held in searchlights but he closed too fast and overshot. His gunner succeeded in damaging the aircraft sufficiently and a searchlight crew saw it crash into the sea. It was identified as a

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pistol which Braham had taken from a crashed German bomber. It was not well received by his captors. Braham believed they might attack him and he had thought about grabbing the gun, fighting it out with the German guards, finding a friendly Dane and making it to

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and soon after Braham was posted back to No 29 Squadron from 51 OTU on 24 July 1942 as acting squadron leader and flight commander of the unit. After damaging a Ju 88 on 24 August he destroyed another on the 28th using Mark VII AI. The victory was witnessed by

536:

rather than daylight fighter operations. Braham soon earned the nickname 'Bob', which stayed with him throughout his service career. He had chosen this Christian name as his radio call sign to distinguish himself from the multitude of other Johns in the unit.

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flying in the landing circuit at 800 feet. He closed rapidly and dispatched it for his 20th air victory. Braham was denied the chance to operate as a night fighter pilot at this time when there was intense activity. In January 1944 the Luftwaffe initiated

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borrowed from one of the various squadrons in the group on the proviso he asked his permission beforehand. Braham also had his former radar operators transferred to the group's headquarters so he could fly with them. He frequently borrowed aircraft from

341:

but was permitted to fly one operation per week. He achieved nine victories in the Mosquito and in June 1944 was awarded a second bar to his DSO. Braham's war came to an end on 24 June 1944 when he was shot down by a pair of single-engine German

1653:. Although KG 55 records record only one He 111 lost in that area that night and not over the Humber—supporting the Sanders claim—searchlights did witness an aircraft crash into the river at the time of the battle with Braham. 946:

hurled debris at the closely following Beaufighter. One reason for firing at close-range was Braham's high state of fatigue. In such a state Braham could barely keep his eyes open. Whenever he peered ahead they smarted and misted.

2316:(15 victories). Kraft killed in action. Kraft's operator Uffz. Rudolf Dunger survived. Dunger later served as operator to Braham's second victim that night, Heinz Vinke. The pair were later killed in action in February 1944. 871:

loss of one Beaufighter. Braham noted the continuous operations were tiring Gregory and he arranged for him to be rested as squadron operational planning officer. His replacement was Flight Lieutenant Harry "Jacko" Jacobs.

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to forward a letter to him. Correspondence followed from 1956 but it was only in 1961 that the circumstances permitted a meeting. Spreckels had learned English sufficiently to allow for two to communicate. Braham wrote in

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in June 1941 and air raids slackened. During the second half of 1941, small numbers of German aircraft made pinpoint attacks across Britain and German night fighters attempted intercept operations over England to disrupt

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to stop the fire. The German pilot shared Braham's philosophy of ensuring a kill by shooting at an enemy aircraft until it came down. The Mosquito was hit again and Braham crash-landed his aircraft onto a beach at 150

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Anton Werzinski and ? Heniz unhurt. Though reported Haesler bailed from his Bf 110 after an engine fire on takeoff from Morialme airfield. He struck one of the vertical stabilisers, and his leg was amputated.

656:, led the mission. Braham flew nine operations in this month and enhanced his skills by completing a blind-flying course which taught pilots to fly in low-visibility conditions. For his service he was awarded the 1378:

Braham's return to Britain was not a welcome one. His family found him exceptionally difficult to live with. His short temper and aggression manifested themselves when journalists came to the family's home in

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and German airfields in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. He hoped that the echoes made by the Beaufighters on the German Lichtenstein radar would attract enemy aircraft and divert them from the bombers.

890:. Braham had decided that it was best to employ the British night fighters in a freelance role. Instead of operating over known German airfields, he elected to interpose the Beaufighters between the outward 1424:(RCAF) with the rank of wing commander and on much better pay. On 6 June 1952 the Brahams sailed to Canada and Braham was immediately appointed staff officer for operations and training at Air Defence near 858:. A number of Beaufighters were also equipped with Mk IV radar, but not the more effective and recently introduced Mark VII. Serrate operations started in June 1943 and were given greater impetus as the 745:

Beaufighter's engines cut out forcing him to make an emergency landing, and on the same day, his second flight ended with the aircraft's engines catching fire. Braham managed to conduct a safe landing.

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In 1961 he accepted an invitation from Robert Spreckels, his victor on 25 June 1944 air battle, to Germany. Spreckels had attempted to locate Braham for some years. While in England on business for a

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Fritz Schellwat and Rudolf Lüdeke escaped uninjured. Schellwat, the pilot, had claimed his 13th (of 17) victory at 01:32 and was shot down soon after. German loss records, are however, incomplete.

1181:, Denmark, he caught a Ju 88 after a 10-minute chase and shot it down—his 28th victory. On 12 May Braham repeated the operation. This time he took Bill Gregory with him. Operating over the Aalborg– 796:

Braham had destroyed 12 enemy aircraft with one probable and four damaged and was one of the most successful RAF night fighter pilots. In recognition of his experience he was then given command of

1530:

but the war interrupted it and Braham was returned to his unit. Reverend Braham died at roughly 60 years old in 1951. The marriage to Joan produced three sons. The eldest, Michael, entered the

1420:

In May 1952 he resigned from the RAF for the second time. Braham decided he could not afford to pay for his three sons' private education on a wing commander's salary in Britain. He joined the

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For the remainder of his career, Braham flew around the World but, in 1968, Canadian policy pointed to the amalgamation of all the Canadian armed forces. Worse still, the cancellation of the

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5, the equivalent of a week's wages. It was his third car crash. His success did not abate. A Ju 88 and Do 217 were claimed off the English coast on the nights of the 26 and 31 October 1942.

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somehow. The tension eased when he was taken to a barracks and offered some synthetic German coffee. Soon a pair of Luftwaffe officers arrived and escorted him to a cell on an airfield near

934:

with 15 air victories from 4./NJG 1. Kraft was killed. Another Bf 110 had witnessed the action and attempted to engage Braham but was outmanoeuvred and dispatched also. Its pilot,

850:. It had been chosen to be the first purpose-built night fighter squadron to operate over Germany and occupied Europe in the bomber support role. The Beaufighters were equipped with the new 721:, Braham ended the chase and claimed a probable. Records show only one claim was made that night by an RAF fighter other than Braham, and German records list two bombers failing to return. 552:

and using the aircrew's eyesight to seek out intruders. By the time Braham and his squadron were called upon to defend Britain from air attacks in August 1940, after the collapse of the

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of IV./NJG 1 (53 victories). Geiger parachuted out of his fighter but drowned. Within minutes Braham fired on a Ju 88 which he claimed as damaged. Frank, Vinke and Geiger were the

955:

After one sortie against shipping the armourers were drenched in salt water and seaweed when they opened the panel housing the cannons with the intention of replacing spent ammunition.

1319:(JG 1—1st Fighter Wing)— arrived to meet him. Braham was one of his 12 air victories; a figure of 45 is often misquoted. An interpreter was provided. Braham promised to buy him a 2040:(KG 77—77th Bomber Wing) was in action in this area in August 1942 and on the 28th was involved in unspecified operations over England. On 31 August 1942 it was re-designated I./ 717:

personnel saw crash. But since he had lost contact with ground control (having wandered out of No. 29s area of operations) and fearing being lost or pursuing the He 111 too low into

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flag draped from a pole. A car was parked outside the entrance. Believing it might contain someone of importance, he dived to attack, strafing the building and destroyed the car.

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he sighted two aircraft. So far away from the battle zones, the Germans did not expect to be attacked by the enemy. Neither made much attempt to defend themselves. The first, a

1202:, dormant since 1940, was now re-activated. Braham flew over Normandy several times with Mosquito bomber groups in June 1944. These counted as his last successful operations. 290:

Braham continued to operate as an anti-intruder pilot after the Blitz ended in May 1941. He became an ace in September 1941, having achieved five victories, and was awarded a

485:. His training mainly consisted of an introduction to flying by civilian organisations contracted to do so by the RAF. Successful candidates advanced to military training. 693:) was sent to Braham and a souvenir along with two Luftwaffe lifejackets which he preferred to the bulkier British design. He wore the lifejacket until he was shot down. 5801: 1065: 998:, commanding Fighter Command at that time. Hill refused to countenance Braham's request and denied his plea for one last operation. Within days Braham was posted to 275:

was underway. He gained his first victory on 24 August, which remained his only success in the battle. In September 1940, No. 29 Squadron was re-equipped with the

1502:

put an end to Canada's plan to build their own fighters which curbed Braham's ambitions as a test pilot. He resigned from the RCAF in January 1968 and settled in

1037:

On 28 February 1944 he took off and claimed a German lorry destroyed south of Paris in a daylight sortie. The Mosquitoes did not carry radar but were fitted with

5806: 2212:. Seven Bf 110s were shot down, damaged or crash landed after combat with enemy fighters on this night. The following losses occurred over the Netherlands; 1062:, a series of strikes against British cities in response to the British offensive over Germany. The German air arm met with severe losses during the operation. 784:

and crashed into a traffic island. Although drinking and driving was not a criminal offence, the police charged him with damaging public property and fined him

5836: 5821: 1306:, as he was about to resume operations on Ju 88s. Jokingly, Braham advised him to steer clear of Spitfires. While at Oberursel the pilot who had shot him down— 975:, who collided with another German fighter while trying to evade Braham. The very next night he claimed a Bf 110. His victim was identified as German ace 1685:, with supporting German air operations flown throughout the British Isles. RAF claims on this night amount to nine destroyed, one probable and four damaged. 1135:. It was circling a lighthouse at 300 feet. Braham fired a three-second burst, and the He 111 caught fire and nose-dived into the sea, exploding on impact. A 958:

Braham was awarded the first bar to his DSO on 24 September 1943. Four nights later, on the 28/29 September whilst carrying out an intruder operation between

1279: 1088:

Ten days later he received permission for another daylight sortie. Squadron Leader Robertson joined him on this occasion as his flight engineer. He flew to

5811: 839:, firing 500 rounds of 20mm cannon at the target causing a large fire. On other operations Braham damaged three E-Boats while also strafing and damaging a 1165:

operations over enemy territory. On 7 May 1944 he collected navigator Flight Lieutenant Donald Walsh from Group headquarters. He borrowed a Mosquito from

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trawlers sank the sections of aircraft remaining afloat. Regardless of the venture, on 13 June 1944 he received his final award—a second bar to his DSO.

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at this point and received a second bar to his DFC in June 1943 and by September 1943 had gained seven more victories, including three, possibly four,

5694: 1538:, retiring in 1987 and starting a twenty-year career as a civilian in the Department of National Defence. Robert became a colonial police officer in 5851: 980: 446: 327: 1649:. It is a point of dispute which RAF pilot was responsible for shooting the bomber down. Some sources credit this victory to James Sanders of 2313: 927: 1460: 990:

Against his wishes Braham was rested from operations and posted from No 141 Squadron on 1 October 1943 to attend a staff officer course at

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and subsequently a police officer in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as did his youngest son, David. Joan Braham died in January 2012.

1509:

Only 48, Braham was not willing to retire. He had always been interested in history and so he joined the Historic Sites Department of the

5856: 657: 512:. He completed his training in formation flying, aerobatics and gunnery practice over the next four months, graduating in December 1938. 284: 206: 167: 882:

His most successful intruder operation took place on the night of the 17/18 August 1943, when he participated in 100 Group's support of

733:. After having little leave in 1941, Braham was rested to prevent exhaustion. He was posted to No 51 OTU (Operational Training Unit) at 5796: 2581: 769:

personnel on a visit to a radar station near the coast. On 29 August he attacked and destroyed a Ju 88 flying at 150 ft above the

504:

to begin training on military aircraft. Now assigned to the No. 11 EFS he elected to become a fighter pilot and began training on the

5786: 5776: 1389: 663: 374: 2347:(54 victories). Vinke survived, his radio operators were killed. For unknown reasons Vinke was flying with two other crew members; 1449: 5791: 4105: 2359:

Karl Schodl. Both were wounded and bailed out, but subsequently died in the sea from exposure. Vinke was rescued after 18 hours.

675:

The combination of these developments eventually culminated in success. On 13 March 1941 Braham achieved a surprise attack on a

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Before he left for Cranfield Braham was involved in another car accident which removed him from duty. He was injured when the

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birthday. Beaufighters from 29 Squadron were granted permission for a low-fly past to celebrate. They planned a honeymoon in

2717:"White 12", on a ferry flight west of Poitiers at this time. German records did not state the cause of the loss. The pilot, 1392:, where the black market was rife and rationing was set to become an indefinite feature of post-war Britain into the 1950s. 862:

was intensifying and Bomber Command's losses to German night fighters increased. Braham had immediate success, destroying a

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in the Netherlands and while four of the five RAF fighters made no contact, Braham attracted two enemy night fighters. The

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in Denmark. The tail section was seen by radio operator Gregory to disintegrate and the Fw 190 crashed into a river bank.

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Deutsche Nachtjagd. Materialverluste in Ausbildung und Einsatz Erganzungen zu Personalverlusten in Ausbildung und Einsatz

752:. By now the Germans were sending small-scale formations to bomb selected targets in Britain in what became known as the 4406: 1148:. He returned the Mosquito the following day. Some days later, Braham returned to 305 to pick up a Mosquito and joined 481:

commission was dated 7 March 1937. His service number was 40667. The commission enabled Braham to enter at the rank of

1139:

trainer followed as his second victory on this mission. Meanwhile, the Germans had tracked the Mosquito by radar. Two

1077:. They nursed the Mosquito back to England on one engine—the other having burned out. Just two days later he attended 588:

was intensifying. Most of the battles thus far were in daylight, leaving night-fighter crews frustrated. Now based at

544:

Some RAF squadrons were beginning to equip its aircraft with radar devices. This was a pioneering technology known as

4837: 4822: 4435: 4420: 4023: 1521:

Braham's father, Reverend Dr E.P Braham, was an RAF chaplain. His mother was a housewife but she suddenly contracted

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in the area—to crash. It is also thought Frank may have collided with a Bf 110 during an interception near Hanover.

1495:, "Robert Spreckels became, in spite of world tension and hatreds, one who is counted among my company of friends." 1266:

Braham and Walsh were taken across the border by train to Germany and sent to the Luftwaffe interrogation centre at

5699: 4561:

No Place for Chivalry: RAF Night Fighters Defend the East of England Against the German Air Force in Two World Wars

1531: 217: 172: 4211: 1117: 1355: 1313: 5307: 1128: 224: 600:

defending British air space north of London. On the night of 24 August 1940 Braham took off and patrolled the

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shipping firm, he learned Braham had survived the war and was still alive. He persuaded the German consul in

1396: 1015: 358: 1428:. He taught aircrew how to fly, carry out interceptions and fight in all types of weather. He flew the fast 5566: 1405: 1211:

forever. Braham continued to fly operations deep into enemy airspace over Denmark, alone, and in daylight.

1199: 766: 573: 508:. He completed his advanced flight training on 20 August 1938 and began the final phase of training in the 457: 176: 5406: 5331: 5251: 4941: 1018:. Although a staff officer at HQ, Braham was able, with persistence, to persuade his commanding officer, 774: 637: 545: 299: 195: 159: 2433:. Geiger's Bf 110 was found in 1971 and identified as his in 1986. The tail fin displays battle damage. 5712: 5574: 5422: 5398: 5211: 1476: 1472: 835:

destroyed and soon afterwards was promoted to acting wing commander. In April Braham attacked a German

809: 468:

for the Wigan Borough Police. By 1937, tiring of life as an administrative clerk, Braham turned to the

323: 4830:

Aces High: a Tribute to the most notable fighter pilots of the British and Commonwealth Forces in WWII

1346:

parcels and the civilian population who were also fleeing the Soviets. Near the village of Jamlitz, a

1173:. He flew to Norfolk to refuel and spent time with his old unit, 141 Squadron, and spent the night at 567:

The difficulties of night fighting was evident in the performance of the night-fighter squadrons. One

5550: 5542: 5502: 5414: 1433: 1429: 1409: 1338:

in Germany near the Polish border. They remained there until 27 January 1945 when the advance of the

1073:

On 12 March Braham and Gregory were returning from a 1000-mile trip and were hit by ground fire over

553: 181: 5446: 5219: 5107: 1499: 1421: 914: 414: 370: 283:", claiming the destruction of two more enemy aircraft. By the end of 1940 he had been awarded the 111: 2072: 5371: 2379:

Claimed a Do 217 in the Hanover area. One source concluded Braham was most likely to have caused

2099: 2047:(KG 6—6th Bomber Wing). A Ju 88 of 3.(F)/33 was shot down by a No. 29 Squadron Beaufighter. 1864: 1323:

when the Allies won the war. The statement came as a shock to Spreckels who believed firmly in a

1152:

in a raid against Paris even though he had no formal bomber pilot training. Nine days later near

942: 780:

After receiving the award Braham was out celebrating at a pub. He attempted to drive home whilst

442: 4637:

The Last Blitz: Operation Steinbock, the Luftwaffe's Last Blitz on Britain — January to May 1944

5283: 887: 878:

A Messerschmitt Bf 110: the Beaufighter's contemporary. Braham accounted for 6 of them in 1943.

851: 4155: 2458: 1506:

with his wife and three sons. He had flown 5,370 hours in 66 types of aircraft with the RCAF.

5750: 5008: 2676:

1. Aircraft destroyed. Two of the crew were unwounded. The third, Otto Frölich, was wounded.

2447: 2418: 2264: 2252: 2225: 2174: 1303: 1116:

looking for He 177s that intelligence suggested were operating against Atlantic convoys from

1096:. The Luftwaffe kept a number of operational units in the region so he flew to Coltishall in 1026: 976: 907: 805: 334: 315: 38: 4523:

RAF Fighter Command Victory Claims of World War Two: Part Two, 1 January 1941 – 30 June 1943

5771: 5766: 5654: 5259: 5163: 4933: 4917: 2503: 2209: 2203: 2130: 1650: 1149: 1140: 1031: 903: 863: 797: 781: 714: 701: 668: 644:

sets, just as the Luftwaffe began its campaign against British industrial cities—known as "

469: 406: 319: 139: 8: 5470: 5339: 5123: 5115: 4965: 2580:. The aircraft was hit on the starboard wing, caught fire and crashed to the ground near 2474: 2462: 1667: 1535: 1166: 1145: 1059: 828: 633: 516: 488:

In December 1937 he began flight training at the No. 7 Elementary Flying School (EFS) at

354: 303: 276: 249: 298:. By October 1942 Braham had claimed 12 enemy aircraft destroyed and he was awarded the 5662: 4673: 2750: 2625: 2034: 1898: 1809: 1761: 1707: 1699: 1615: 1456: 1121: 883: 859: 855: 710: 653: 418: 410: 402: 394: 67: 5179: 4109: 1729:

Heinz Genahr and Rucker were all killed—the latter's body washed ashore in June 1941.

994:. Braham resisted the move as much as he could. He complained directly to Air Marshal 756:. Operating on the night of 6/7 June 1942 in a borrowed Beaufighter, they destroyed a 5227: 4833: 4818: 4800: 4765: 4761: 4742: 4723: 4719: 4700: 4681: 4659: 4640: 4621: 4602: 4583: 4564: 4545: 4526: 4507: 4488: 4469: 4447: 4431: 4416: 4388: 4369: 2795: 2707: 2693: 2586: 2383: 2103: 2041: 1944: 1751: 1692: 1539: 1385: 1230: 1195: 1157: 1078: 968: 730: 585: 557: 343: 272: 1299: 5816: 5738: 5494: 5462: 5299: 5155: 5139: 5131: 5064: 5016: 2667: 2430: 1768: 1646: 1600: 1136: 1131:

Mosquito was borrowed from the Polish. On the mission he encountered a He 111 near

1038: 1019: 680: 597: 561: 532: 528: 520: 453: 362: 261: 257: 241: 149: 950:

decided to hunt enemy rail transport after failing to find enemy aircraft. On the

5726: 5598: 5582: 5534: 5526: 5486: 5355: 5187: 5083: 5032: 4882: 4444:

Confounding the Reich: The RAF's Secret War of Electronic Countermeasures in WWII

2775: 1682: 1678: 1455:

Between October 1957 and July 1960, Braham commanded No. 432 Squadron flying the

1347: 1331: 1275: 1011: 999: 770: 718: 641: 429: 422: 347: 338: 295: 229: 107: 1621:(KG 55—55th Bomber Wing). It crashed into the Humber river at 01:30. Pilot 1370:

on 10 April. They were liberated by elements of the British Army on 2 May 1945.

1354:

on 2 February 1945 where they received food and hot water from the depot of the

713:

bombing of Germany. On 23 June Braham claimed a probable against a He 111 which

5670: 5630: 5590: 5024: 5000: 4898: 2592: 2452: 2387: 1975: 1940: 1934: 1888: 1805: 1605: 1487: 1380: 1295: 1235: 1054: 984: 972: 808:. With him went his AI operator Gregory, now a flying officer with the DFC and 753: 725:

October. By 25 November 1941 he had claimed 7 enemy aircraft and was awarded a

614: 32: 4849: 1395:

Braham stayed in the RAF and joined the Night Fighter Development Wing of the

1069:

The Mosquito fighter: Braham would have used these types in ranger operations.

854:, which picked up the radar impulses given out by the German night fighter's' 5760: 5614: 5558: 5510: 5430: 5347: 5147: 5048: 4992: 3389: 3306: 2527: 2506:

made a claim for a He 177 that night, but his claim was made 8 miles west of

2182: 1799: 1777: 1672: 1623: 1441: 1437: 1109: 1014:

as 'wing commander night operations' attached to the 2nd Light Bomber Group,

1010:

For three months Braham remained inactive. In February 1944 he was posted to

995: 913:(NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). Five had taken off under the command of 891: 847: 824: 734: 676: 622: 568: 482: 461: 265: 233: 129: 4325: 4270: 4233: 4189: 3845: 1463:(SHAPE). Braham flew when he could. He would patrol the skies over Belgium, 1050: 377:, Braham retired from military life and began working as a civilian for the 5678: 5606: 5478: 5379: 5363: 5323: 5267: 5203: 4957: 4949: 4890: 2567: 2102:. Claim was made during a 57-aircraft raid on Canterbury. KG 2 and I./ 1808:. Ju 88s are known to have been reported missing after this night; 3./ 1712: 1464: 1414: 1363: 1174: 1105: 749: 705: 549: 524: 501: 497: 2067:

Claimed 25 miles off Beachy Head on a daylight operation. A Ju 88 from 3.

1440:. Altogether he flew 193 times with the RCAF. His next appointment was to 777:

on 9 October 1942 with his tally standing at 10 enemy aircraft destroyed.

5646: 5638: 5315: 5235: 5195: 5056: 4461: 3920: 2344: 2158: 2030: 1503: 1293:

career and private life. While there, he was interrogated by the aide of

1022: 938: 867: 757: 609: 509: 505: 489: 382: 84: 4797:

RAF Fighter Command Victory Claims of World War Two: Part One, 1939–1940

2774:

Paul Berlinke's remains were found in the wreck. The crew was buried in

2502:

Josef Kerres. All the crew were killed. Wing Commander EFF Lambert from

1241: 5438: 5291: 5171: 5091: 4866: 4851: 1951: 1468: 1350:, recently out of action, shared their rations with them. They reached 1335: 1187: 1182: 1100:

to be nearer his destination and conserve fuel during the sortie. Near

899: 832: 761: 684: 649: 626: 601: 593: 493: 337:

and in February 1944 Braham was transferred to the operations staff at

253: 237: 41:

Bill "Sticks" Gregory, 1943. Gregory survived the war and died in 2001.

1042: 748:

During this time Braham and Gregory frequently visited 29 Squadron at

5454: 4973: 2762: 2703: 2422: 2276: 2162: 1989: 1905: 1641: 1635: 1522: 1404:, where the RAF retained large bases. While there he was awarded the 1351: 1343: 1271: 1267: 1170: 1082: 991: 923: 726: 645: 589: 398: 291: 280: 210: 199: 163: 4291:

Source uses "LBUK: reports from The Civil Air Defence, Rigsarkivet."

3358: 3356: 2465:, over Châteaudun whilst on a non-operational flight. The He 177A-3 1367: 4618:

Night fighters: Luftwaffe and RAF air combat over Europe, 1939–1945

2848: 2742: 2699: 2542: 2482: 2154: 1718: 1629: 1527: 1425: 1339: 1308: 1221: 1178: 1153: 1113: 820: 816: 801: 741: 618: 605: 604:

area. The Blenheim was piloted by Braham, and contained air gunner

248:

December. Upon the completion of flight training, he was posted to

4599:

KG55: The Photographic History of the Famous Luftwaffe Bomber Unit

3860: 2161:. Only one Bf 110 was shot down on this night, which crashed near 812:. Three weeks later, on 20 January 1943, Braham claimed a Do 217. 5275: 4580:

The Luftwaffe's Blitz: The Inside Story, November 1940 – May 1941

3956: 3814: 3601: 3353: 2801: 2256: 1483: 1445: 1401: 1384:

despondent about the political climate in a country that reduced

1324: 1260: 1132: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1046: 963: 564:

in May–June 1940, British night fighter defences were very weak.

456:. He considered moving abroad to join the Colonial Police in the 433: 381:. He continued to work there until his death from an undiagnosed 346:

fighters. Braham was captured and spent the rest of the war as a

264:. In 1939 the squadron began to organise itself as a specialised 983:

most successful night fighter aces of the Second World War (and

636:, a rugged and heavily armed twin-engine aircraft equipped with 3225: 3156: 2270:(NJG 3—3rd Night Fighter Wing) crash landed pilot unhurt; 1706:—factory number 4248 code 'U5+DA', fell to earth six miles off 1359: 1320: 1256: 1251: 1127:

Nine days later Braham returned to Denmark. On this occasion a

1089: 1074: 951: 840: 836: 671:

running up its engines c. 1943. The radar antennas are visible.

438: 311: 307: 4038: 2706:

and rockets under the wing – possibly on a special operation.

1156:, Braham was engaged in a ground attack mission. He spotted a 941:

was the only member of his crew to survive. Braham considered

37:

Braham (right) with his long-serving radio and radar operator

5827:

Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)

3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 2770:

Kurt Stephan were killed when their parachutes did not open.

2760:

Karl Soldau managed to parachute to safety slightly wounded.

2507: 1840: 1216: 959: 617:. Braham's only other interaction with the enemy occurred at 592:

in Lincolnshire and operating from the satellite airfield at

465: 294:

to his DFC in November 1941. In June 1942 he was promoted to

4294: 4212:"The Kracker Luftwaffe Archive: Axis Powers Pilots and Crew" 4024:"The Kracker Luftwaffe Archive: Axis Powers Pilots and Crew" 3288: 3213: 2970: 2008:

Ulrich Lossack was recovered from the sea two months later.

1092:

to pick up a Mosquito. His target on this occasion would be

4504:

Bomber Units of the Luftwaffe 1933–1945; A Reference Source

4136: 4062: 3395: 3237: 2410:

Claimed over the Netherlands. Identified as Bf 110G-4

2274:

6272 code 3C+LJ belonging to I./NJG 4 destroyed. Crew

629:

and damaged 20 more. Braham survived the attack uninjured.

4253: 4251: 3968: 3576: 3564: 3545: 3506: 3494: 3473: 3461: 3419: 2550:

Robert Gangl were wounded while Kurt Halbedel was killed.

1342:

forced them to march across Germany. They were fed by the

785: 4699:. After the Battle; First Editions edition. Vol. 3. 3992: 3637: 3523: 3521: 3451: 3449: 3436: 3434: 3373: 3371: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3312: 3201: 3180: 3111: 3078: 3054: 3030: 2305:

Claimed off the Dutch coast. Identified as Bf 110G-4

1366:

in north-western Europe necessitated their evacuation to

1025:

to allow him to 'free-lance' intruder operations using a

4086: 3980: 3694: 3658: 3625: 3266: 3264: 3018: 2994: 2982: 2867: 2865: 2863: 1698:(KG 2—2nd Bomber Wing) aircraft on route to attack 898:

Braham flew in the first wave. As Braham's wave reached

4540:

Foreman, John; Mathews, Johannes; Parry, Simon (2004).

4306: 4248: 2927: 2925: 2421:(53 victories) of 7./NJG 1. Geiger baled out over 1302:. The German questioned him about British defences and 1286: 527:. In February 1939 No 29 Squadron re-equipped with the 4124: 3932: 3908: 3884: 3826: 3802: 3778: 3766: 3533: 3518: 3446: 3431: 3368: 3341: 3324: 3276: 2461:. One He 177 was certainly lost on this night, during 1767:(KG 27—27th Bomber Wing). Crashed near Richmond, 632:

In September 1940 29 Squadron began to convert to the

531:. Braham was disappointed at not being trained on the 500:. After the completion of this course he was moved to 361:'s tally and was bettered only by night fighter pilot 5710: 4340: 4170: 4074: 4050: 3896: 3872: 3754: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3670: 3261: 3249: 3168: 3135: 3123: 3090: 3066: 3042: 3006: 2958: 2860: 2650:

Location and time not recorded in Braham's log book.

2630:

Location and time not recorded in Braham's log book.

2572:

Claimed near Aalborg, Denmark. Identified as Ju W 34

2336:

Claimed off the Dutch coast. Identified as Bf 110G-4

1681:

at 21:45. The claim was made during the night of the

1511:

Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development

1450:

No. 3 All-Weather (Fighter) Operational Training Unit

379:

Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development

4004: 3944: 3790: 3742: 3613: 3407: 2922: 460:

and briefly entertained training as a sailor in the

4678:

The Peenemunde Raid: The Night of 17–18 August 1943

4539: 4501: 3962: 3926: 3866: 3820: 3682: 3362: 2937: 2901: 2889: 2877: 2713:(JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) lost one Fw 190A-6, 1781:F. Senft, H. Berner, and A. Weitz were all killed. 1085:. Both Braham's wife Joan and his father attended. 700:ended as the Luftwaffe moved its forces to support 5802:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom) 5695:List of British and Commonwealth World War II aces 4828:Shores, Christopher F. and Clive Williams (1994). 4502:de Zeng, H.L.; Stanket, D.G.; Creek, E.J. (2007). 2231:(NJG 4—4th Night Fighter Wing) crash landed. 1081:where he was awarded a second bar to his DFC from 496:. In May 1938 Braham began officer instruction at 432:from 1930, and then moved to the public school in 4385:The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited 819:in February 1943 to carry out night patrols over 330:. Consequently, he was awarded a bar to his DSO. 5758: 1687:Braham's victory has since been identified as a 452:Braham struggled to find work in the era of the 4741:. Phoenix Mill, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. 1289:officer shouted an order and put a stop to it. 1124:which fell victim after a brief burst of fire. 815:No 141 Squadron's Beaufighter Mk.IF's moved to 353:Braham was the most highly decorated airman in 5807:Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) 322:. Braham undertook more intruder sorties into 5837:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany 5822:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order 4441: 4068: 4044: 3401: 3243: 2756:(KG 30—30th Bomber Wing) was destroyed. 2745:in Denmark. Identified as Ju 88A-5 "4D+GV" , 2532:Claimed near Aalborg, Denmark. Identified as 2480:(KG 100—100th Bomber Wing) was flown by 464:. To gain experience he worked as a clerk in 441:. At 15 years and eight months he passed his 428:Braham was educated at preparatory school at 417:in 1935. Ernest had served as a pilot in the 1645:Paul Neidel, and war correspondent Hans Alt 1461:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe 688: 625:dropped bombs on the airfield destroying 13 5812:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) 4672: 4615: 4596: 3643: 3318: 3294: 2702:. Braham's report stated it was carrying a 1943:. The claim was made during a raid by III./ 1108:transport, was shot down and the second, a 397:. His father, Ernest Goodall Braham, was a 2425:but drowned. His radar and radio operator 401:minister who earned his qualifications at 373:(RCAF) in 1952. Having held office at the 5842:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley 4616:Heaton, Colin; Lewis, Anne-Marie (2008). 4382: 3631: 1954:. The machine was likely from this unit. 823:and France and daylight patrols over the 375:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe 4716:German Night Fighter Aces of World War 2 4542:Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939–1945 4485:The JG 26 War Diary Volume Two 1943–1945 4482: 4300: 2340:4874 "G9+BY" of 11./NJG 1 flown by 2078:was lost off Beachy Head on this night. 1974:Claimed at 00:10 40 miles north east of 1627:Alois Schmaderer and his three crewmen; 1610:The He 111P, code GI+CT, belonged to 9. 1334:, a Luftwaffe prisoner of war camp near 1240: 1219:island he spotted a building with a big 1064: 873: 831:aircraft. On 20 March 1943 he claimed a 662: 393:John Braham was born on 6 April 1920 in 4794: 4736: 4558: 4520: 4506:. Vol. One. Ian Allan Publishing. 4468:. London: William Kimber & Co Ltd. 4312: 4257: 4142: 3998: 3974: 3938: 3914: 3890: 3832: 3808: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3736: 3712: 3700: 3676: 3664: 3607: 3595: 3570: 3558: 3539: 3527: 3512: 3500: 3479: 3467: 3455: 3440: 3425: 3377: 3347: 3335: 3282: 3255: 3231: 3219: 3207: 3174: 3162: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3096: 3084: 3072: 3060: 3048: 3024: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2943: 2907: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2854: 2216:6157 from 3./NJG 1 was destroyed; 1362:on 5 February 1945. The success of the 228:(6 April 1920 – 7 February 1974) was a 5852:Royal Air Force pilots of World War II 5759: 4755: 4713: 4694: 4634: 4460: 4346: 4176: 4130: 4092: 4080: 4056: 3902: 3878: 3796: 3748: 3724: 3413: 3270: 3186: 3036: 2964: 2931: 1563: Can be identified with certainty 1049:, so he proceeded to the aerodrome at 302:(DSO). Braham also flew missions with 279:. Braham continued operations during " 4848: 4653: 4597:Hall, Steve; Quinlan, Lionel (2000). 4442:Bowman, Martin; Cushing, Tom (2005). 4411:Braham, John Randall Daniel. (1984). 4401:Braham, John Randall Daniel. (1962). 4363: 4010: 3986: 3950: 3619: 2584:, Denmark. The entire crew perished; 2180:(NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). 2004:Günther Schröter killed. The body of 1479:. His tenure at SHAPE ended in 1964. 846:In May 1943 No 141 Squadron moved to 804:on 23 December 1942 as a 22-year-old 4577: 4466:Fighter Pilots of the RAF, 1939–1945 4426:Braham, John Randall Daniel. (1985) 3688: 1950:(KG 2—2nd Bomber Wing) against 1912:F. Hall, T Möschler, K. Winter, and 1545: 1400:he still managed regular flights to 1005: 729:to his DFC. He was then promoted to 2309:"G9+EZ" of 12./NJG 1 flown by 967:victim of the crash was German ace 827:and Atlantic Approaches to protect 539: 333:The squadron soon converted to the 314:destroyed. He was then promoted to 13: 5857:Deaths from brain cancer in Canada 4780: 2280:Alred Haesler (5 claims) wounded, 1939:Claimed at 03:00 15 miles east of 1760:4019, code 1G+MK, belonging to 2./ 1205: 921:radar. He gained on and shot down 14: 5868: 5797:Royal Canadian Air Force officers 3963:Foreman, Mathews & Parry 2004 3927:de Zeng, Stanket & Creek 2007 3867:de Zeng, Stanket & Creek 2007 3821:de Zeng, Stanket & Creek 2007 3363:Foreman, Mathews & Parry 2004 2220:4862 of 7./NJG 1 destroyed; 1373: 1245:A model of Stalag Luft III, 1945. 791: 667:Beaufighter night fighter VIF of 5787:British World War II flying aces 5777:Military personnel from Somerset 5744: 5732: 5720: 5700:List of World War II flying aces 4582:. Manchester: Crecy Publishing. 4318: 4285: 4263: 4226: 4204: 4182: 4148: 4098: 2578:Gruppe Adj Bordfliegergruppe 196 2386:(55 victories)—who was flying a 1532:Royal Military College of Canada 1516: 638:aircraft interception (AI) radar 546:aircraft interception (AI) radar 447:Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School 409:. Reverend Braham then became a 350:. He was liberated in May 1945. 191:John Randall Daniel "Bob" Braham 31: 5847:Alumni of King's College London 4815:Spitfire Mark V Aces, 1941–1945 4368:(in German). VDM Heinz Nickel. 4356: 4106:"To be an Ace of the NachtJagd" 4016: 3838: 3649: 3485: 3383: 3300: 3192: 3147: 3102: 2949: 2672:Identified as belonging to IV./ 2129:Claimed 10 miles south west of 1839:Claimed 10 miles south east of 652:, later famous for his role in 579: 475: 306:during this time and claimed a 16:British World War II flying ace 5792:Royal Air Force group captains 4817:, Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey. 4544:. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. 2913: 2822: 1553:Chronicle of aerial victories 1129:No. 305 Polish Bomber Squadron 472:for a more fulfilling career. 256:, where he learned to fly the 1: 4680:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. 4156:"Forced Landings Association" 2857:, pp. 42, 147, 166, 167. 2810: 2540:B 31 (Flying Leader School). 2098:Claimed seven miles off East 1397:Central Fighter Establishment 1016:RAF Second Tactical Air Force 388: 4758:Mosquito Aces of World War 2 4483:Caldwell, Donald L. (1998). 4383:Bergström, Christer (2015). 2815: 1916:H. Zettier were all killed. 1893:Identified as Ju 88, 4D+DA, 1534:and became a captain in the 1120:. Braham only encountered a 767:United States Army Air Force 574:identification friend or foe 458:British Overseas Territories 7: 5832:English emigrants to Canada 5782:People from Mendip District 4789:The Fighter Aces of the RAF 4658:. London: McWhirter Twins. 2721:Willi Kalitzki was killed. 2536:, code DP+EH, belonging to 1988:from KG 2 crashed into the 683:, London. The dead pilot's 445:. His further education at 359:John "Cats Eyes" Cunningham 300:Distinguished Service Order 160:Distinguished Service Order 10: 5873: 4813:Price, Dr. Alfred (1994). 4559:Goodrum, Alastair (2005). 4430:. London: William Kimber. 4415:. New York: Bantam Books. 3610:, pp. 6, 38, 49, 163. 2498:Alfred Zwieselsberger and 1804:Claimed at 01:10 over the 1557: 1477:English Electric Lightning 1473:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter 810:Distinguished Flying Medal 660:(DFC) on 17 January 1941. 658:Distinguished Flying Cross 285:Distinguished Flying Cross 168:Distinguished Flying Cross 5690: 5391: 5076: 4985: 4910: 4859: 4854:with 10+ aerial victories 4791:. William Kimber. No ISBN 4620:. Naval Institute Press. 4446:. London: Pen and Sword. 4069:Bowman & Cushing 2005 4045:Bowman & Cushing 2005 3491:Braham 1961, pp. 234–239. 3402:Bowman & Cushing 2005 3392:, 1991, Volume 53, p. 89. 3309:, 1991, Volume 53, p. 88. 3244:Bowman & Cushing 2005 2109:took part in the attack. 1897:4242 belonging to Erpro./ 1756:Identified as He 111H-5, 1552: 1434:North American F-86 Sabre 1430:Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck 1410:Croix de guerre with Palm 971:(55 victories), flying a 328:German night fighter aces 155: 145: 135: 125: 117: 101: 91: 74: 54: 46: 30: 23: 4695:Ramsey, Winston (1990). 4387:. Oxford, UK: Casemate. 3234:, pp. 92–93, 96–97. 3198:Braham 1961, pp. 133–136 3165:, pp. 56–57, 60–65. 2836:. London. 9 October 2001 2596:Gerrit Wiegmink, Pilot; 1980:Identified as Do 217E-4 1500:Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow 1422:Royal Canadian Air Force 1390:Leader of the Opposition 1330:The airmen were sent to 915:Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 704:and the invasion of the 596:the unit formed part of 523:, flying the two-seater 371:Royal Canadian Air Force 112:Royal Canadian Air Force 95:United Kingdom (1937–52) 4832:. London: Grub Street. 4756:Thomas, Andrew (2005). 4654:Mason, Francis (1969). 4563:. London: Grub Street. 4487:. London: Grub Street. 4364:Balss, Michael (1997). 3644:Hall & Quinlan 2000 3319:Heaton & Lewis 2008 2830:"Bill "Sticks" Gregory" 2469:332214 "5J+AL" from 3. 2429:Dietrich Koch was also 2263:5536 belonging to III./ 572:German aircraft. While 515:His first squadron was 5284:Eugeniusz Horbaczewski 4795:Foreman, John (2003). 4737:Spooner, Tony (1997). 4714:Scutts, Jerry (1998). 4697:The Blitz Then and Now 4521:Foreman, John (2005). 4326:"Air War Over Denmark" 4271:"Air War Over Denmark" 4234:"Air War Over Denmark" 4190:"Air War Over Denmark" 3929:, pp. 28, 33, 62. 3846:"Air War Over Denmark" 2792:de Havilland Mosquito 2735:de Havilland Mosquito 2698:Claimed north west of 2690:de Havilland Mosquito 2664:de Havilland Mosquito 2644:de Havilland Mosquito 2622:de Havilland Mosquito 2564:de Havilland Mosquito 2524:de Havilland Mosquito 2414:5477 "G9+ER" flown by 2224:5454 belonging to 10./ 1246: 1070: 879: 852:Serrate radar detector 689: 672: 324:German-occupied Europe 5009:Bill Crawford-Compton 4850:British World War II 4787:Baker, E.C.R (1962). 3222:, pp. 86–88, 90. 2979:, pp. 15, 18–20. 2674:Fliegerzielgeschwader 2494:Gustave Birkenmaier, 2448:de Havilland Mosquito 2407:Messerschmitt Bf 110 2333:Messerschmitt Bf 110 2302:Messerschmitt Bf 110 2253:Sint-Truiden Air Base 2248:Messerschmitt Bf 110 2150:Messerschmitt Bf 110 1887:Claimed at 18:00 off 1863:Claimed 15 miles off 1819:106 reported losses. 1444:, 200 miles north of 1304:Supermarine Spitfires 1244: 1141:Messerschmitt Bf 109s 1068: 1039:Gee navigational aids 1027:De Havilland Mosquito 904:Messerschmitt Bf 110s 877: 666: 415:King's College London 335:De Havilland Mosquito 318:and given command of 118:Years of service 5410:(14 & 10 shared) 5402:(14 & 10 shared) 5324:William Dennis David 5164:Thomas Dalton-Morgan 4918:Robert Stanford Tuck 4635:Mackay, Ron (2010). 4578:Goss, Chris (2010). 4405:. New York: Norton. 4112:on 17 September 2013 3153:Braham 1961, p. 125. 2538:Flugzeugführerschule 2504:No. 515 Squadron RAF 2404:Bristol Beaufighter 2373:Bristol Beaufighter 2330:Bristol Beaufighter 2299:Bristol Beaufighter 2245:Bristol Beaufighter 2210:Gilze-Rijen Air Base 2204:Messerschmitt Bf 110 2200:Bristol Beaufighter 2147:Bristol Beaufighter 2123:Bristol Beaufighter 2092:Bristol Beaufighter 2061:Bristol Beaufighter 2023:Bristol Beaufighter 1968:Bristol Beaufighter 1931:Bristol Beaufighter 1881:Bristol Beaufighter 1857:Bristol Beaufighter 1833:Bristol Beaufighter 1796:Bristol Beaufighter 1744:Bristol Beaufighter 1651:No. 615 Squadron RAF 1639:Walter Klesatschek, 1432:on 39 occasions and 1312:Robert Spreckels of 1150:No. 107 Squadron RAF 1032:No. 613 Squadron RAF 864:Messerschmitt Bf 110 798:No. 141 Squadron RAF 737:on 28 January 1942. 715:Royal Observer Corps 702:Operation Barbarossa 669:No. 255 Squadron RAF 470:British armed forces 407:Liverpool University 320:No. 141 Squadron RAF 271:By August 1940, the 140:No. 141 Squadron RAF 5642:(10 & 1 shared) 5634:(10 & 1 shared) 5586:(11 & 1 shared) 5578:(11 & 2 shared) 5514:(12 & 2 shared) 5450:(13 & 1 shared) 5442:(13 & 4 shared) 5418:(14 & 7 shared) 5327:(15 & 2 shared) 5319:(15 & 3 shared) 5255:(16 & 1 shared) 5247:(16 & 2 shared) 5239:(16 & 6 shared) 5151:(17 & 1 shared) 5143:(17 & 2 shared) 5135:(17 & 5 shared) 5116:Karel Kuttelwascher 4674:Middlebrook, Martin 4656:Battle Over Britain 4303:, pp. 249–250. 4145:, pp. 168–169. 3989:, pp. 157–158. 3977:, pp. 250–251. 3598:, pp. 159–165. 3573:, pp. 152–158. 3561:, pp. 150–152. 3515:, pp. 145–147. 3503:, pp. 143–144. 3482:, pp. 140–142. 3470:, pp. 139–140. 3428:, pp. 118–119. 3189:, pp. 121–122. 3108:Braham 1961, p. 107 3039:, pp. 118–119. 2955:Braham 1961, p. 41. 2919:Braham 1961, p. 35. 2834:The Daily Telegraph 2749:, belonging to 11./ 2604:Ernst Gallmann and 2463:Operation Steinbock 2459:Châteaudun Air Base 2266:Nachtjagdgeschwader 2227:Nachtjagdgeschwader 2176:Nachtjagdgeschwader 1996:Georg Zsckelmayer, 1817:Küstenfliegergruppe 1668:Bristol Beaufighter 1536:Royal Canadian Navy 1471:in variants of the 1356:8th Panzer Division 1283:Propaganda Minister 1060:Operation Steinbock 981:17th, 18th and 19th 909:Nachtjagdgeschwader 829:RAF Coastal Command 711:RAF Bomber Commands 634:Bristol Beaufighter 584:By August 1940 the 517:No. 29 Squadron RAF 355:RAF Fighter Command 304:RAF Coastal Command 277:Bristol Beaufighter 250:No. 29 Squadron RAF 4001:, pp. 99–100. 3655:Goss 2000, p. 123. 3210:, pp. 80, 82. 3120:, pp. 50, 54. 3087:, pp. 42, 45. 3063:, pp. 28, 39. 2600:Friedrich Brüske, 2590:(Group Commander) 2490:Kolomann Schlögl, 2398:30 September 1943 2367:28 September 1943 2255:. Two losses over 2169:4879, G9+FN of 5. 1904:which crashed off 1827:12 September 1941 1708:Wells-next-the-Sea 1457:Avro Canada CF-100 1406:Order of the Crown 1247: 1071: 884:RAF Bomber Command 880: 860:Battle of the Ruhr 856:Lichtenstein radar 673: 654:Operation Chastise 443:School Certificate 419:Royal Flying Corps 413:after studying at 411:Doctor of Theology 395:Holcombe, Somerset 385:in 1974, aged 53. 177:Order of the Crown 68:Holcombe, Somerset 5708: 5707: 5683: 5675: 5667: 5659: 5651: 5643: 5635: 5627: 5619: 5611: 5603: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5571: 5563: 5555: 5547: 5539: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5507: 5499: 5491: 5483: 5475: 5467: 5459: 5451: 5443: 5435: 5427: 5419: 5411: 5403: 5384: 5376: 5368: 5360: 5352: 5344: 5336: 5328: 5320: 5312: 5304: 5296: 5288: 5280: 5272: 5264: 5256: 5248: 5240: 5232: 5228:Witold Urbanowicz 5224: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5192: 5184: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5152: 5144: 5136: 5128: 5120: 5112: 5104: 5096: 5088: 5069: 5061: 5053: 5045: 5037: 5029: 5021: 5013: 5005: 4997: 4978: 4970: 4962: 4954: 4946: 4938: 4930: 4922: 4903: 4895: 4887: 4879: 4871: 4806:978-0-9538061-8-8 4771:978-1-84176-878-6 4762:Osprey Publishing 4748:978-0-7509-3473-2 4739:Night fighter ace 4729:978-1-85532-696-5 4720:Osprey Publishing 4706:978-0-900913-58-7 4687:978-1-84415-336-7 4665:978-0-901928-00-9 4646:978-0-9554735-8-6 4627:978-1-59114-360-4 4608:978-0-9538061-0-2 4589:978-0-85979-148-9 4570:978-1-904943-22-8 4551:978-0-9538061-4-0 4532:978-0-9538061-8-8 4513:978-1-85780-279-5 4494:978-1-898697-86-2 4475:978-0-7183-0519-2 4453:978-1-84415-124-0 4375:978-3-925480-36-2 4095:, pp. 54–55. 4047:, pp. 13–14. 3703:, pp. 78–79. 3667:, pp. 67–68. 3297:, pp. 97–98. 3027:, pp. 28–31. 3003:, pp. 21–22. 2991:, pp. 19–20. 2808: 2807: 2796:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 2766:Werner Stark and 2715:Werknummer 530735 2694:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 2587:Gruppenkommandeur 2384:Hans-Dieter Frank 2074:Aufklärungsgruppe 2000:Johann Ferne and 1677:Claimed north of 1546:List of victories 1540:Southern Rhodesia 1386:Winston Churchill 1231:fire extinguisher 1196:Normandy landings 1158:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 1118:Bordeaux–Mérignac 1079:Buckingham Palace 1006:Daylight intruder 969:Hans-Dieter Frank 731:flight lieutenant 586:Battle of Britain 344:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 273:Battle of Britain 188: 187: 5864: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5716: 5681: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5641: 5633: 5625: 5617: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5473: 5465: 5463:Harry Broadhurst 5457: 5449: 5441: 5433: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5382: 5374: 5366: 5358: 5350: 5342: 5334: 5326: 5318: 5310: 5308:Michael Robinson 5302: 5300:James MacLachlan 5294: 5286: 5278: 5270: 5262: 5254: 5246: 5238: 5230: 5222: 5220:Maurice Stephens 5214: 5206: 5198: 5190: 5182: 5174: 5166: 5158: 5150: 5142: 5140:Herbert Hallowes 5134: 5132:Desmond McMullen 5126: 5118: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5067: 5065:Michael Crossley 5059: 5051: 5043: 5035: 5027: 5019: 5017:Branse Burbridge 5011: 5003: 4995: 4976: 4968: 4960: 4952: 4944: 4936: 4928: 4920: 4901: 4899:Brendan Finucane 4893: 4885: 4877: 4869: 4846: 4845: 4810: 4775: 4752: 4733: 4710: 4691: 4669: 4650: 4631: 4612: 4593: 4574: 4555: 4536: 4517: 4498: 4479: 4457: 4398: 4394:978-1612-00347-4 4379: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4108:. Archived from 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3444: 3438: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3366: 3360: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3295:Middlebrook 2006 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3178: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2920: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2741:Claimed west of 2668:Focke-Wulf Fw 58 2486:Wilhelm Werner, 2431:killed in action 2117:21 January 1943 2086:31 October 1942 2055:26 October 1942 1875:24 October 1941 1851:19 October 1941 1769:Wimbledon Common 1727: 1647:killed in action 1633:Gustav Jerusel, 1601:Bristol Blenheim 1564: 1562: 1550: 1549: 1137:Focke-Wulf Fw 58 1020:Air Vice Marshal 719:Barrage balloons 692: 640:in the shape of 598:No. 12 Group RAF 540:Second World War 533:Hawker Hurricane 529:Bristol Blenheim 521:RAF West Malling 454:Great Depression 363:Branse Burbridge 262:Bristol Blenheim 258:Hawker Hurricane 242:Second World War 227: 222: 215: 204: 150:Second World War 103: 97:Canada (1952–68) 81: 64: 62: 35: 21: 20: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5745: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5711: 5709: 5704: 5686: 5599:George Palliser 5583:Harold Walmsley 5535:Stanley Connors 5527:George Bennions 5519:Harold Atkinson 5487:John Mungo-Park 5387: 5356:Raymond Harries 5244:Alfred Marshall 5188:Willie McKnight 5180:Josef František 5108:Vernon Woodward 5100:Manfred Czernin 5084:Geoffrey Allard 5072: 5041:John Cunningham 5033:Archie McKellar 4981: 4906: 4883:George Beurling 4875:Johnnie Johnson 4855: 4843: 4807: 4783: 4781:Further reading 4778: 4772: 4749: 4730: 4707: 4688: 4666: 4647: 4628: 4609: 4590: 4571: 4552: 4533: 4514: 4495: 4476: 4454: 4395: 4376: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4256: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4195: 4193: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4079: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3447: 3439: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3369: 3361: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2874:, pp. 1–5. 2870: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2776:Vestre Cemetery 2752:Kampfgeschwader 2747:Werknummer 2432 2647:Heinkel He 111 2534:Werknummer 7509 2476:Kampfgeschwader 2376:Dornier Do 217 2351:Johann Gaa and 2324:18 August 1943 2293:18 August 1943 2259:on this night; 2126:Dornier Do 217 2105:Kampfgeschwader 2095:Dornier Do 217 2043:Kampfgeschwader 2036:Kampfgeschwader 2017:28 August 1942 1971:Dornier Do 217 1962:10 August 1942 1946:Kampfgeschwader 1900:Kampfgeschwader 1884:Heinkel He 111 1836:Heinkel He 111 1811:Kampfgeschwader 1763:Kampfgeschwader 1747:Heinkel He 111 1725: 1702:. The Do 17Z-2, 1694:Kampfgeschwader 1683:Clydebank Blitz 1617:Kampfgeschwader 1594:25 August 1940 1565: 1560: 1559: 1548: 1519: 1436:as well as the 1376: 1358:. They reached 1348:Panzer Division 1332:Stalag Luft III 1276:Joseph Goebbels 1208: 1206:Prisoner of war 1053:. He spotted a 1012:No. 2 Group RAF 1008: 1000:No. 9 Group RAF 888:Operation Hydra 794: 771:English Channel 642:AI Mk. IV radar 582: 542: 478: 423:First World War 391: 339:No. 2 Group RAF 310:damaged and an 296:squadron leader 230:Royal Air Force 220: 213: 202: 194: 182:Croix de guerre 180: 175: 173:Air Force Cross 171: 166: 110: 108:Royal Air Force 96: 83: 79: 78:7 February 1974 66: 60: 58: 42: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5870: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5754: 5753: 5751:United Kingdom 5741: 5729: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5671:Victor Beamish 5668: 5660: 5652: 5644: 5636: 5631:William Dymond 5628: 5620: 5612: 5604: 5596: 5591:Osgood Hanbury 5588: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5556: 5548: 5540: 5532: 5524: 5516: 5508: 5500: 5492: 5484: 5476: 5468: 5460: 5452: 5444: 5436: 5428: 5420: 5412: 5404: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5377: 5369: 5361: 5353: 5345: 5337: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5260:Peter Brothers 5257: 5249: 5241: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5137: 5129: 5121: 5113: 5105: 5097: 5089: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5030: 5025:Bobby Oxspring 5022: 5014: 5006: 5001:Donald Kingaby 4998: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4971: 4963: 4955: 4947: 4939: 4931: 4923: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4896: 4888: 4880: 4872: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4842: 4841: 4826: 4811: 4805: 4792: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4770: 4760:. Oxford, UK: 4753: 4747: 4734: 4728: 4718:. Oxford, UK: 4711: 4705: 4692: 4686: 4670: 4664: 4651: 4645: 4632: 4626: 4613: 4607: 4594: 4588: 4575: 4569: 4556: 4550: 4537: 4531: 4518: 4512: 4499: 4493: 4480: 4474: 4458: 4452: 4439: 4424: 4409: 4399: 4393: 4380: 4374: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4339: 4317: 4315:, p. 141. 4305: 4293: 4284: 4262: 4260:, p. 171. 4247: 4225: 4203: 4181: 4169: 4147: 4135: 4133:, p. 212. 4123: 4097: 4085: 4073: 4061: 4059:, p. 124. 4049: 4037: 4015: 4013:, p. 181. 4003: 3991: 3979: 3967: 3955: 3953:, p. 152. 3943: 3941:, p. 216. 3931: 3919: 3917:, p. 206. 3907: 3905:, p. 182. 3895: 3893:, p. 169. 3883: 3881:, p. 167. 3871: 3869:, p. 253. 3859: 3837: 3835:, p. 181. 3825: 3813: 3811:, p. 165. 3801: 3789: 3787:, p. 115. 3777: 3775:, p. 113. 3765: 3753: 3741: 3729: 3727:, p. 603. 3717: 3705: 3693: 3691:, p. 106. 3681: 3669: 3657: 3648: 3636: 3634:, p. 151. 3632:Bergström 2015 3624: 3622:, p. 299. 3612: 3600: 3575: 3563: 3544: 3542:, p. 149. 3532: 3530:, p. 148. 3517: 3505: 3493: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3458:, p. 138. 3445: 3443:, p. 137. 3430: 3418: 3406: 3394: 3382: 3380:, p. 114. 3367: 3352: 3350:, p. 111. 3340: 3338:, p. 108. 3323: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3285:, p. 107. 3275: 3273:, p. 123. 3260: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3191: 3179: 3167: 3155: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3110: 3101: 3089: 3077: 3065: 3053: 3041: 3029: 3017: 3005: 2993: 2981: 2969: 2967:, p. 119. 2957: 2948: 2936: 2934:, p. 117. 2921: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2859: 2847: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2739: 2738:Junkers Ju 88 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2709:Jagdgeschwader 2696: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2684:29 April 1944 2682: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2658:13 April 1944 2656: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638:13 April 1944 2636: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2608:Martin Liess. 2593:Oberstleutnant 2570: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2558:24 March 1944 2556: 2552: 2551: 2546:Fritz Müller, 2530: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2518:24 March 1944 2516: 2512: 2511: 2455: 2453:Heinkel He 177 2450: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2388:Heinkel He 219 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2317: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2239:9 August 1943 2237: 2233: 2232: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2065: 2064:Junkers Ju 88 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2027: 2026:Junkers Ju 88 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2010: 1976:Foreness Point 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1941:Sandwich, Kent 1937: 1935:Dornier Do 217 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1889:Great Yarmouth 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1861: 1860:Dornier Do 17 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1820: 1806:Thames Estuary 1802: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1716:H von Keiser, 1675: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1661:13 March 1941 1659: 1655: 1654: 1608: 1606:Heinkel He 111 1603: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1544: 1518: 1515: 1381:Leicestershire 1375: 1374:Postwar career 1372: 1325:German victory 1315:Jagdgeschwader 1300:Hermann Göring 1296:Reichsmarshall 1236:miles per hour 1207: 1204: 1055:Heinkel He 177 1007: 1004: 985:aerial warfare 973:Heinkel He 219 906:were from IV./ 806:wing commander 793: 792:Night intruder 790: 754:Baedeker Blitz 690:Eisernes Kreuz 615:Heinkel He 111 581: 578: 541: 538: 477: 474: 390: 387: 316:wing commander 186: 185: 170:& Two Bars 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 105: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 82:(aged 53) 76: 72: 71: 56: 52: 51: 48: 44: 43: 39:Wing Commander 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5869: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5730: 5728: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5680: 5677: 5672: 5669: 5664: 5661: 5656: 5655:John Thompson 5653: 5648: 5645: 5640: 5637: 5632: 5629: 5624: 5621: 5616: 5615:John Freeborn 5613: 5608: 5605: 5600: 5597: 5592: 5589: 5584: 5581: 5576: 5573: 5568: 5565: 5560: 5559:Geoffrey Page 5557: 5552: 5549: 5544: 5541: 5536: 5533: 5528: 5525: 5520: 5517: 5512: 5511:James Storrar 5509: 5504: 5501: 5496: 5495:James O'Meara 5493: 5488: 5485: 5480: 5477: 5472: 5469: 5464: 5461: 5456: 5453: 5448: 5445: 5440: 5437: 5432: 5431:Peter Wykeham 5429: 5424: 5421: 5416: 5413: 5408: 5407:George Gilroy 5405: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5381: 5378: 5373: 5370: 5365: 5362: 5357: 5354: 5349: 5348:Bunny Currant 5346: 5341: 5338: 5333: 5330: 5325: 5322: 5317: 5314: 5309: 5306: 5301: 5298: 5293: 5290: 5285: 5282: 5277: 5274: 5269: 5266: 5261: 5258: 5253: 5252:James Sanders 5250: 5245: 5242: 5237: 5234: 5229: 5226: 5221: 5218: 5213: 5210: 5205: 5202: 5197: 5194: 5189: 5186: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5162: 5157: 5154: 5149: 5148:William Rolls 5146: 5141: 5138: 5133: 5130: 5125: 5122: 5117: 5114: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5066: 5063: 5058: 5055: 5050: 5049:Douglas Bader 5047: 5042: 5039: 5034: 5031: 5026: 5023: 5018: 5015: 5010: 5007: 5002: 4999: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4975: 4972: 4967: 4964: 4959: 4956: 4951: 4948: 4943: 4940: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4924: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4897: 4892: 4889: 4884: 4881: 4876: 4873: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4847: 4839: 4838:1-898697-00-0 4835: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4823:1-85532-635-3 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4773: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4437: 4436:0-7183-0587-6 4433: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4421:0-553-24127-3 4418: 4414: 4413:Night Fighter 4410: 4408: 4404: 4403:Night Fighter 4400: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4349:, p. 45. 4348: 4343: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4301:Caldwell 1998 4297: 4288: 4272: 4266: 4259: 4254: 4252: 4235: 4229: 4213: 4207: 4191: 4185: 4179:, p. 44. 4178: 4173: 4157: 4151: 4144: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4094: 4089: 4083:, p. 54. 4082: 4077: 4071:, p. 14. 4070: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4046: 4041: 4025: 4019: 4012: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3988: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3965:, p. 86. 3964: 3959: 3952: 3947: 3940: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3904: 3899: 3892: 3887: 3880: 3875: 3868: 3863: 3847: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3823:, p. 33. 3822: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3799:, p. 77. 3798: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3763:, p. 99. 3762: 3757: 3751:, p. 53. 3750: 3745: 3739:, p. 73. 3738: 3733: 3726: 3721: 3715:, p. 43. 3714: 3709: 3702: 3697: 3690: 3685: 3679:, p. 24. 3678: 3673: 3666: 3661: 3652: 3646:, p. 89. 3645: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3604: 3597: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3541: 3536: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3514: 3509: 3502: 3497: 3488: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3450: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3427: 3422: 3416:, p. 61. 3415: 3410: 3404:, p. 15. 3403: 3398: 3391: 3390:Air Pictorial 3386: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3365:, p. 77. 3364: 3359: 3357: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3321:, p. 84. 3320: 3315: 3308: 3307:Air Pictorial 3303: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3258:, p. 99. 3257: 3252: 3246:, p. 10. 3245: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3216: 3209: 3204: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3177:, p. 68. 3176: 3171: 3164: 3159: 3150: 3144:, p. 55. 3143: 3138: 3132:, p. 49. 3131: 3126: 3119: 3114: 3105: 3099:, p. 45. 3098: 3093: 3086: 3081: 3075:, p. 40. 3074: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3051:, p. 34. 3050: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3026: 3021: 3015:, p. 24. 3014: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2961: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2916: 2909: 2904: 2897: 2892: 2885: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2856: 2851: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2821: 2803: 2800:Claimed near 2799: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2772:Oberfeldwebel 2769: 2768:Unteroffizier 2765: 2764: 2759: 2758:Oberfeldwebel 2755: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2719:Oberfeldwebel 2716: 2712: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2626:Bücker Bü 131 2624: 2621: 2618: 2616:4 April 1944 2615: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2606:Unteroffizier 2603: 2599: 2598:Unteroffizier 2595: 2594: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2529: 2528:Junkers Ju 52 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2500:Unteroffizier 2497: 2496:Unteroffizier 2493: 2492:Unteroffizier 2489: 2488:Unteroffizier 2485: 2484: 2479: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2457:Claimed over 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2441:5 March 1944 2440: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2419:August Geiger 2417: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2349:Unteroffizier 2346: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2251:Claimed near 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2208:Claimed near 2207: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2194:25 June 1943 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2183:Oberfeldwebel 2179: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2165:. Bf 110 G-4 2164: 2160: 2156: 2153:Claimed over 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2141:14 June 1943 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2006:Unteroffizier 2003: 2002:Unteroffizier 1999: 1998:Unteroffizier 1995: 1991: 1987: 1984:4242 from 2. 1983: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1914:Obergefreiter 1911: 1910:Unteroffizier 1907: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1801: 1800:Junkers Ju 88 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1778:Obergefreiter 1774: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1753: 1750:Claimed over 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1722:B Meyer, and 1721: 1720: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1673:Dornier Do 17 1671: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1625: 1624:Unteroffizier 1620: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1556: 1551: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1517:Personal life 1514: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442:CFB North Bay 1439: 1438:Lockheed T-33 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1212: 1203: 1201: 1200:Western Front 1197: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1123: 1122:Bücker Bü 131 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110:Junkers Ju 52 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1003: 1001: 997: 996:Roderick Hill 993: 988: 986: 982: 978: 977:August Geiger 974: 970: 965: 961: 956: 953: 947: 944: 940: 937: 933: 929: 926: 925: 920: 916: 912: 910: 905: 901: 896: 893: 892:bomber stream 889: 885: 876: 872: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 848:RAF Wittering 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 825:Bay of Biscay 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 789: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 763: 759: 755: 751: 746: 743: 738: 736: 735:RAF Cranfield 732: 728: 722: 720: 716: 712: 707: 703: 699: 694: 691: 686: 682: 678: 677:Dornier Do 17 670: 665: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 630: 628: 624: 623:Junkers Ju 88 620: 616: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 577: 575: 570: 569:Fairey Battle 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 550:search lights 547: 537: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 486: 484: 483:pilot officer 473: 471: 467: 463: 462:Merchant Navy 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 435: 431: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 366: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 340: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 269: 267: 266:night fighter 263: 259: 255: 251: 245: 243: 239: 235: 234:night fighter 231: 226: 219: 212: 208: 201: 197: 192: 183: 178: 174: 169: 165: 161: 158: 154: 151: 148: 144: 141: 138: 134: 131: 130:Group Captain 128: 124: 120: 116: 113: 109: 106: 100: 94: 90: 86: 77: 73: 69: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 34: 29: 22: 19: 5679:Minden Blake 5607:Allan Wright 5575:John Webster 5567:Edward Wells 5479:Joseph Kayll 5423:Donald McKay 5399:Ronald Berry 5380:George Unwin 5364:Ernest Mason 5340:John Baldwin 5268:Nigel Cullen 5212:James Rankin 5204:Newell Orton 5124:Albert Lewis 4958:Adolph Malan 4950:Neville Duke 4925: 4891:William Vale 4829: 4814: 4799:. Red Kite. 4796: 4788: 4757: 4738: 4715: 4696: 4677: 4655: 4639:. Red Kite. 4636: 4617: 4601:. Red Kite. 4598: 4579: 4560: 4541: 4525:. Red Kite. 4522: 4503: 4484: 4465: 4462:Bowyer, Chaz 4443: 4427: 4412: 4402: 4384: 4365: 4357:Bibliography 4342: 4330:. Retrieved 4320: 4313:Spooner 1997 4308: 4296: 4287: 4275:. Retrieved 4265: 4258:Spooner 1997 4238:. Retrieved 4228: 4216:. Retrieved 4206: 4194:. Retrieved 4184: 4172: 4160:. Retrieved 4150: 4143:Spooner 1997 4138: 4126: 4114:. Retrieved 4110:the original 4100: 4088: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4028:. Retrieved 4018: 4006: 3999:Spooner 1997 3994: 3982: 3975:Foreman 2005 3970: 3958: 3946: 3939:Foreman 2005 3934: 3922: 3915:Foreman 2005 3910: 3898: 3891:Spooner 1997 3886: 3874: 3862: 3850:. 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John Braham (RAF officer)

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