33:
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196:
Through their long-running and successful smuggling, the
Carters became an important part of the economy in West Cornwall, providing a source of employment and illicit goods for local people. Customs officers were "violently obstructed", and in order to successfully seize smuggled goods needed to be
298:
who was closely aligned with many
Cornish smugglers, and was represented by two other lawyers. The actual charges against Charles are unknown, but the Attorney General sought to recover treble the value of smuggled alcohol which was seized in a cellar belonging to him. His defence argument was that
186:
314:
who described him as "one of the most notorious
Smugglers" and so not deserving of leniency. The outcome of his petition is unknown, but he is recorded as still being in a debtors' prison in May 1795 and having returned to Cornwall by September 1799.
323:
After Harry Carter's exile and later retirement, customs officers tried to fully destroy the Carter smuggling ring. Towards the end of his life, John Carter handed over to his son-in-law Will
Richards. In 1801, a smuggling vessel was spotted from
95:
in
November 1803, being buried in Breage. Also known as the 'King of Prussia' and lent his name to Prussia Cove (or King's Cove) which had previously been called Porthleah. John obtained the nickname because he was said to closely resemble
233:
to be landed to a waiting team which included his brother
Charles. The ship's hatches were opened to two boats which were assumed to be part of the landing party; the boats were actually from
32:
1007:
The
Autobiography of a Cornish Smuggler by Harry Carter. Free ebook via Project Gutenberg (Available in EPub, Kindle, HTML, Plucker, QiOO Mobile and Plain Text formats)
176:(1757-1803), married Catherinda Blewett of St Hilary by special licence in February 1778 and had five children. Died intestate and was buried in Breage in May 1803.
299:
he did not own the cellars in which the smuggled goods had been found, but this was thrown out. The jury found
Charles guilty and he was ordered to pay £1469 12s.
70:
Several Carter families are known in
Cornwall from at least the middle of the 16th century. The Carter family later associated with Prussia Cove had roots in
251:
and only survived being captured by throwing himself overboard and pulling himself to shore using the ship's ropes. Ten of the smugglers were captured and
150:
in April 1786 and had one child. Gave up smuggling after his return from a French prison, and became a preacher. Died April 1829 and was buried in Breage.
213:
for several of their ships. One of the
Carters' privateer ships, captained by Harry, was lost when it was seized by French authorities upon docking in
332:
of spirits to be seized at the cove. John Carter died in 1803 and the lease on Prussia Cove was put up for sale the same year. In 1825, a row of
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560:
78:. Francis Carter married Annice (also recorded as Agnes) Williams in 1736, and the couple were recorded as having ten children:
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17:
85:(1737-1818), married Alice Carter of Breage in December 1766 and had nine children. Died in June 1818 and is buried in Breage.
536:
422:
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cottages were built to look down onto the cove, so ending the possibility of any more large scale smuggling operations.
247:, killing one of her crew and injuring seven more, before being boarded. Harry was badly injured in the fight on board
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by special licence in January 1779. Had no children and died intestate. Buried in Breage in October 1780.
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310:; Charles tried negotiate for twenty men to serve in his place, but this was strongly opposed by the
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355:
842:
The Channel: England, France and the Construction of a Maritime Border in the Eighteenth Century
262:
of £300 was offered for Harry Carter's capture, but he evaded discovery, at one point hiding in
344:
The Carters have been described as "among the most famous of all the Cornish smugglers" by the
780:"Cornwall's smuggling past - a look at six pubs at the heart of a 'golden age' of criminality"
526:
412:
325:
596:"Merchants and smugglers in eighteenth-century Penzance: the brothers John and James Dunkin"
120:(1742-?), married Richard Champion who became involved in the family's smuggling enterprise.
156:(1751-c.1790), married Jane Polglaze of Breage in December 1785 and had two children. Died
665:
91:(1738-1803), married Joan Richards of Breage in September 1765 and had six children. Died
8:
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in October 1776 and had ten children. Died in December 1814 and was buried in Breage.
47:
were a family of Cornish smugglers active in the late 18th century operating out of
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during Britain's wars against America, France, Spain or the Netherlands, obtaining
137:
71:
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Much of what is known about the Carters came from Harry Carter's autobiography,
806:"Petates and fish: Cornish Fishermen Smugglers in the late Eighteenth Century"
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266:. He later went into exile in America with the help of the Dunkins, a
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55:, where they had a hideout/home in a remote cliff next to the ocean.
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52:
604:
TROZE: The Online Journal of the National Maritime Museum Cornwall
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214:
101:
717:
75:
814:
TROZE: Online Journal of the National Maritime Museum Cornwall
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As he could not pay, he was probably imprisoned. During the
354:. Smuggling similar to that of the Carters was featured in
306:, smugglers were able to be pardoned if they served in the
386:
345:
720:"Historic walking trails: smugglers' routes in Cornwall"
294:. He was advised by Christopher Wallis, a lawyer from
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and had a reputation for honest-dealing as a smuggler.
104:, and was said to much admire him. John was a devout
39:; by Captain Harry Carter, of Prussia Cove) 1749–1809
965:
870:"IMPRESSMENT. HC Deb 15 August 1833 vol 20 cc636-94"
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by customs officers and forced to flee, leaving 100
62:, and folklore passed down through the generations.
593:
718:Nicholas Rudd-Jones; David Stewart (7 July 2011).
348:and as "Cornwall's most famous 'free traders'" by
282:In February 1793, Charles was put on trial by the
1013:
901:. Newbury: Countryside Books. pp. 141–142.
697:. Newbury: Countryside Books. pp. 138–139.
225:On 31 January 1788 Harry Carter took a cargo to
126:(1744-1814), married Mary Stephens of Breage by
839:
192:, where the Carters based their smuggling ring
922:Oliver Berry (29 March 2003). "Beachcomber".
921:
632:
558:
361:, with scenes being filmed in Prussia Cove.
160:before 18 October 1790, when Jane remarried.
803:
636:English smuggling in the eighteenth century
562:English smuggling in the eighteenth century
452:. Newbury: Countryside Books. p. 195.
417:. Alison Hodge Publishers. pp. 59–61.
406:
404:
270:smuggling family, on board their ship, the
146:(1749-1829), married Elizabeth Flindell of
896:
777:
692:
447:
993:Works by or about Carters of Prussia Cove
899:Smuggling in Devon and Cornwall 1700-1850
695:Smuggling in Devon and Cornwall 1700-1850
518:
450:Smuggling in Devon and Cornwall 1700-1850
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744:
742:
525:Naylor, Robert & John (April 2007).
401:
184:
31:
589:
587:
474:"The Carter brothers of Prussia's Cove"
205:The Carters were initially involved in
166:(1754-c.1780), married Rebecca Ford of
60:The Autobiography of a Cornish Smuggler
14:
1014:
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27:Family of Cornish smugglers in England
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594:Charlotte MacKenzie (December 2016).
443:
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376:
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411:Smelt, Maurice (11 September 2006).
255:into the Navy, and six were killed.
382:"The smuggling Carters of Cornwall"
24:
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25:
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757:National Maritime Museum Cornwall
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528:From John O' Groats to Land's End
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479:National Maritime Museum Cornwall
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778:Tom Gainey (10 December 2017).
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752:"1793 - Charles Carter's trial"
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552:
466:
13:
1:
674:(12964): 74. 12 February 1788
531:. Echo Library. p. 493.
504:"The Carters of Prussia Cove"
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197:protected by military force.
1002:Autobiography of John Carter
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7:
10:
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846:Cambridge University Press
804:Tony Palwyn (March 2010).
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339:
304:French Revolutionary Wars
840:Renaud Morieux (2016).
45:Carters of Prussia Cove
193:
40:
18:John Carter (smuggler)
984:Works by Harry Carter
633:Paul Muskett (1997).
559:Paul Muskett (1997).
188:
35:
1027:People from Cornwall
666:"The London Gazette"
312:Excise Commissioners
897:Mary Waugh (1991).
693:Mary Waugh (1991).
448:Mary Waugh (1991).
98:Frederick the Great
944:Cornwall For Ever!
671:The London Gazette
326:St Michael's Mount
292:Court of Exchequer
194:
41:
37:A Cornish Smuggler
1022:English smugglers
988:Project Gutenberg
538:978-1-4068-3495-6
506:. Smuggling.co.uk
424:978-0-906720-50-9
414:101 Cornish Lives
211:letters of marque
16:(Redirected from
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1037:Cornish folklore
1032:Cornish families
997:Internet Archive
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725:The Guardian
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648:. Retrieved
640:(PhD thesis)
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572:. p. 23
566:(PhD thesis)
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544:17 September
542:. Retrieved
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510:17 September
508:. Retrieved
483:. Retrieved
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430:17 September
428:. Retrieved
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391:. Retrieved
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351:The Guardian
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264:Acton Castle
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207:privateering
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190:Prussia Cove
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164:Roger Carter
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144:Harry Carter
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49:Prussia Cove
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949:17 December
882:16 December
825:17 December
789:16 December
763:16 December
731:17 December
678:17 December
650:17 December
615:16 December
576:17 December
485:17 December
393:17 December
134:Alse Carter
114:(1739-1744)
89:John Carter
1016:Categories
908:1853061131
855:1316489736
704:1853061131
459:1853061131
365:References
334:Coastguard
308:Royal Navy
290:) in the
278:1793 trial
118:Ann Carter
356:the 1975
253:impressed
245:HMS Druid
243:fired on
236:HMS Druid
181:Smuggling
168:St Hilary
158:intestate
106:Methodist
93:intestate
268:Penzance
148:Manaccan
53:Cornwall
995:at the
875:Hansard
358:Poldark
319:Decline
296:Helston
249:Revenge
241:Revenge
231:Revenge
229:in the
227:Cawsand
215:St Malo
102:Prussia
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340:Legacy
330:ankers
286:(then
272:George
260:reward
239:. The
76:Germoe
72:Breage
809:(PDF)
599:(PDF)
951:2021
903:ISBN
884:2021
850:ISBN
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578:2021
546:2011
533:ISBN
512:2011
487:2021
454:ISBN
432:2011
419:ISBN
395:2021
74:and
43:The
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611:(2)
387:BBC
346:BBC
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