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wool thick and deep, covering all the body; gums must be red, teeth white and even, brisket skinned, eye-strings ruddy, felt loose, wool fast, breath sweet, the feet not hot. Fat pastures are said to produce straight tall sheep, and hills and short pastures breed square ones; woods and mountains yield small and slender sheep. The observations are very judicious on the breeding and management of sheep, and differ little from the modern practice. It appears that many sheep were then rotted.
81:, and it is supposed that the ex-protector's return to England in 1680 was prompted by a desire to be present at the wedding. She died in childbirth (14 May 1681) within a year of the marriage. He married, secondly, Sarah, daughter of Sir John Tippets, knight, surveyor of the navy, by whom he had a son and a daughter. Thirdly, Mortimer married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Sanders of Derbyshire, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. The second son was
273:. The sixth book, of 21 chapters, treats on the animals, fowls, and insects that stock the farm. The seventh book, of three chapters, describes the pests of the farm, in four-footed and feathered beasts. The eighth book has five chapters on the uses of corn, and the making of malt. The four chapters of the ninth book treat on the small tools of work. The tenth book has four chapters on buildings and repairs. Book eleven treats on the different
426:, published by Mortimer in 1706, a work of considerable merit, it does not appear that any improvement was made on his practices till near the end of last century. In those districts where clover and rye-grass were cultivated, they were cut green, and used for soiling as at present. Turnips were sown broadcast, hand hoed, and used for feeding sheep and cattle, as they were used in Houghton's time, and are still in most districts of England.
644:
422:"In England, from the restoration to the middle of the eighteenth century, very little improvement took place, either in the cultivation of the soil, or in the management of live stock. Even clover and turnips (the great support of the present improved system of agriculture) were confined to a few districts, and at the close of this period were scarcely cultivated at all by common farmers in the northern parts of the island. From the
300:, Mortimer prescribed, that it had to be used at the rate of 160 bushels to an acre, and laid in cinders in a bushel to a pole square, covered with earth, and spread when dissolved—but better in being carried hot on the land. It makes corn grow with a thin bark, and does not last above five years. Forty bushels or soot were sown by hand on an acre, and produced a mighty sweet grass. The
199:, of which some are figured; and the square earth board is shown and recommended for stiff clays; the Hertfordshire wheel-plough was until in the 19th century much recommended; of ploughing and laying land in ridges; of sowing corn and steeping it. The third book has three chapters, describing the different natures of soils; the ability and power of production.
341:
concluded that the accompanied "Farmer's
Calendar," in directions of monthly work, would do credit to any modern publication. Mortimer also gave an account on rent, stating according to Donaldson, that but "few farms will afford the generally allowed increase of three rents; one for the landlord, one
332:
Of sheep, he says, the ram must have a large, long body, forehead broad, round, and well rising, eyes cheerful and large, nostrils short and straight. The ewe must have the neck large and upright, bending like a horse's, back broad, buttocks round, tail thick, legs small and short, clean, and nimble,
159:
The work was dedicated to the Royal
Society, of which Mortimer had been admitted a member in December 1705. A second edition was issued in 1708, and a third in 1712, "containing such additions as are proper for the husband- man and gardiner (sic) ... to which is added a Kalendar, shewing what is to
132:
forms a landmark in
English agricultural literature, and largely influenced husbandry in the 18th century. The writer states that he had read the best books on ancient and modern agriculture, and inspected the practice of the most diligent husbandmen in most countries. After duly digesting these he
178:
consisted of a total of 15 books, published in one volume, each book divided into chapters on connected subjects. The first book has four chapters – on inclosing lands; of pastures, and meadow lands, how to improve them, and defend by banks from floods and tides; and of making hay; and of several
434:
credited both
Mortimer and John Mills for being the first authors, who wrote on agriculture, presenting all the branches of the art within the compass of one work. John Mills succeeded, according to Donaldson, while "Worlidge began the attempt, but failed in the comprehension required."
342:
for charges, and the third for the tenant. A farm of 100 acres, let at ÂŁ1 per acre, may be maintained for the charge of ÂŁ100 yearly; but if let for ÂŁ50 a year the charges will be more than double the rent; or there must be the quantity of 200 acres of land in the farm."
324:
A bull, which should have a sharp quick countenance, forehead broad and curled, eyes black and large, horns long, neck fleshy, belly long and large, hair smooth like velvet, breast big, back straight and flat, buttocks square, thighs round, legs straight, joints
156:(1854) to "form a very large advancement in the progress of agriculture from the preceding authors on the subject. Trees and fruits do still occupy too much room, but the animals are more largely introduced and systematically treated."
316:
often destroy them. The crop is thinned by twice hoeing, at an expense of 4s. to 9s. an acre, or in daily wages in that time of fourteen-pence. Stubble turnips were sown at this time of the cultivation of the plant.
258:. ; XV. Of human ordure. ; XVI. Of the dung of fowls. ; And XVII. Of several other sorts of manures, as ashes, soap ashes, soot, rags, malt dust, and the several soils each sort of manure is best for.
328:
The cow ought to have a broad forehead, black eyes, clean great horns, neck long and thin, large deep belly, thick thighs, round legs, short joints; white, large, deep udder, having four teats, and the feet
657:
281:. The thirteenth book has two chapters on the plants of the kitchen garden. The fourteenth book has 21 chapters on fruit trees. The fifteenth book has five chapters on English
628:
A Critical
Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century,
576:
352:
47:, Devon, and had a brother Peter who also entered into a commercial profession. John Mortimer received a commercial education, and became a prosperous merchant on
356:
by members of the Royal
Society, first published from 1756 to 1768, considered John Mortimer among the foremost agriculturists of that time. The 3rd edition of
673:
160:
be done every month in the flower garden." It was translated into
Swedish by Jacob Serenius in 1727, and a sixth edition, with additions, and revised by
312:, and fattening cattle into the month of March. The crop is a great help to dry barren lands, and will grow on almost any ground—the fly and
77:
Mortimer was married three times. His first wife, Dorothy, born at
Hursley, near Winchester, on 1 August 1660, was the ninth child of
737:
732:
727:
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70:, Essex, which he improved; a number of cedar trees planted by him were still in there in the 19th century. Mortimer became
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722:
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still mentioned
Mortimer as reference over 50 times, but in 4th edition (1793) just over a dozen times. In his 1825
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603:
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The fourth book has seventeen chapters: I. On the manuring and digging of lands, with observations on each sort of
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365:
35:
John was born in 1656, the only son and heir of Mark
Mortimer, grocer of London, by his wife Abigail Walmesley of
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401:
446:
Some Considerations concerning the present State of Religion, with some Essays towards our Love and Union
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381:
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Some Considerations concerning the present State of Religion, with some Essays towards our Love and Union
71:
717:
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360:(1777) even listed Mortimer in the subtitle of this work among other foremost authorities, such as
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195:, and several other grasses. The second book has 6 chapters – of arable land and tillage; on
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40:
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are sown in broad cast on finely fallowed lands, in midsummer, and afford food for sheep,
8:
202:
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By the end of the 18th century Mortimer authority faded. The 3rd edition (1777) of
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is figured for paring land to be burned, and is the same used in the 19th century.
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78:
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The book, which treats not only of the usual branches of agriculture, but also of
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In November 1693, at the age of about 43, he bought the estate of Topping Hall,
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558:, (1854) p. 41; Containing an abstract of the contents of the Art of Husbandry.
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254:. ; XII. Of sheep's dung. ; XIII. Of hog's dung. ; XIV. Of
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The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land
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The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land
25:
The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land
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48:
44:
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Seccombe, Thomas; McConnell, Anita. "Mortimer, John (1656?–1736)".
647: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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confirmed Mortimer's authority in the 18th century, stating:
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in 21 chapters. The twelfth book, in 12 chapters, describes
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243:
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The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry
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The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry
453:
Advice to Parents, or Rules for the Education of Children
99:
Advice to Parents, or Rules for the Education of Children
164:, the writer's grandson, appeared in 2 volumes in 1761.
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in Essex, who married 3rd October 1651 in the parish of
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43:, London. His father was born into a yeoman family of
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218: ; II. Of the burning of land ; III. Of
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666:. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
531:. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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677:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
97:, London, 1702, against sectarian feeling,
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242:. ; IX. Of earth. ; X. Of sea
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674:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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23:, and writer on agriculture, known for
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58:Land with a farmhouse in the back in
567:Thomson, Royal Society, App. p. xxxi
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522:"Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)"
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483:"The Mortimers of Hatfield Peverel"
320:On farm animal Mortimer spoke of:
261:The fifth book has 25 chapters, on
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500:
14:
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663:Dictionary of National Biography
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528:Dictionary of National Biography
19:(c. 1656 – 1736) was an English
593:An encyclopædia of agriculture,
413:An encyclopædia of agriculture,
133:had added his own experiences.
738:18th-century British merchants
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1:
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366:Louis François Henri de Menon
27:published in London in 1707.
733:People from Hatfield Peverel
728:Fellows of the Royal Society
691:UK public library membership
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7:
658:Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)
103:The whole Art of Husbandry,
72:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
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208:The whole Art of Husbandry
176:The whole art of husbandry
169:The whole art of husbandry
122:The whole Art of Husbandry
110:The whole Art of Husbandry
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179:sorts of grass seeds, as
723:English agriculturalists
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144:, and of the culture of
88:
432:Agricultural Biography,
396:, Edward Lisle, Roque,
683:10.1093/ref:odnb/19348
624:Samuel Austin Allibone
612:Agricultural Biography
556:Agricultural Biography
430:Donaldson in his 1854
424:Whole Art of Husbandry
211:
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439:Selected publications
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589:John Claudius Loudon
416:John Claudius Loudon
148:, and the making of
101:, London, 1704, and
41:St Anne and St Agnes
409:The Complete Farmer
358:The Complete Farmer
608:John Mills, F.R.S.
238:. ; VIII. Of
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74:in December 1705.
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718:English merchants
689:(Subscription or
554:John Donaldson's
298:agricultural lime
271:herbaceous plants
269:, the roots, and
234:. ; VII. Of
83:Cromwell Mortimer
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250:. ; XI. Of
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68:Hatfield Peverel
60:Hatfield Peverel
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451:John Mortimer.
448:, London, 1702.
444:John Mortimer.
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230: ; VI. Of
226:. ; V. Of
222: ; IV. Of
191:, – ray grass,
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162:Thomas Mortimer
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708:1650s births
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490:. Retrieved
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713:1736 deaths
654:Lee, Sidney
517:Lee, Sidney
394:Thomas Hale
382:Jethro Tull
374:John Evelyn
314:caterpillar
291:fruit wines
267:pulse crops
128:Mortimer's
702:Categories
693:required.)
637:References
398:John Mills
285:, as ale,
206:Book 2 of
138:fish ponds
49:Tower Hill
370:Hugh Plat
339:Donaldson
171:, content
154:Donaldson
146:silkworms
105:in 1707.
37:Blackmore
31:Biography
591:"(1825)
492:9 August
337:In 1854
210:, p. 41.
185:sainfoin
142:orchards
21:merchant
651::
610:". in:
306:Turnips
283:liquors
197:ploughs
193:trefoil
189:lucerne
687:
400:, and
346:Legacy
329:large.
325:short.
296:About
289:, and
263:grains
216:manure
187:, and
181:clover
124:, 1707
112:, 1707
470:Notes
302:spade
287:cyder
275:trees
256:urine
252:dungs
220:chalk
150:cider
89:Works
494:2020
310:cows
265:and
248:weed
246:and
244:sand
240:sand
236:clay
228:marl
224:lime
51:.
679:doi
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45:Bow
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