769:
831:
1310:
823:, the PDC gained a majority with 33 seats. ARENA's loss of control in the Congress enabled Duarte to achieve his goals more easily. On 10 September 1985, his daughter, Inés Guadalupe Duarte Durán, and her friend, Ana Cecilia Villeda, arrived by car at the gates of a private university in San Salvador. They were followed in a van by two bodyguards assigned to protect them. As the two vehicles came to a stop, other vehicles positioned themselves to block traffic while a number of armed individuals killed the bodyguards and forced the two women into a truck. The two women were taken to a guerrilla camp.
894:
52:
406:
544:
792:. The elections were marred by violence between the FMLN and Salvadoran military at and near the polling stations. As both candidates were known to have close links with wartime undemocratic factions, the US government spent approximately US$ 2 million to support the democratic process and prevent violence at the voting polls. However, some scholars of
807:, he met FMLN leaders face to face, which marked the beginning of the end of the civil war. His basic goal, he claimed, was to see the guerrillas disarm and then to demobilize so that their members could be reincorporated into society. He argued that the issues that had caused them to rise up in armed struggle had been or were being resolved.
661:
913:
Duarte was increasingly seen as powerless not only between the two opposing forces of left and right but also in terms of the US anticommunist political influence in the region. With corruption scandals, an economy in tatters, rumors of a right-wing coup, and a civil war that did not appear to have a
846:
On 24 October, after several weeks of negotiations in which the
Salvadoran church and diplomats from the region acted as mediators in secret talks, Inés Duarte and her friend were released in exchange for 22 political prisoners. The operation also included the release of 25 mayors and local officials
815:
from bombing civilian areas without presidential permission, creating an
Investigative Commission to investigate political assassinations, and prosecuting the right-wing death squads that were alleged to be embedded in the state security services. However, that attempt largely failed to influence the
524:
before returning to an El
Salvador uncomfortably transitioning to a democracy. He married his childhood sweetheart, Maria Inés Durán, with whom he had 6 children: Inés Guadalupe, Alejandro, Napoleón, María Eugenia, María Elena, and Ana Lorena. Duarte got a job in his father-in-law's construction firm
755:
continued to carry out atrocities against the civilian population during his rule as the head of JRG, under the pretext of eliminating terrorists. The
Salvadoran army received financial and material support throughout this period from the CIA, which also trained many of the squads, and arranged for
826:
Four days after the incident, the self-styled Pedro Pablo
Castillo commando of the FMLN publicly announced that it had been responsible for the abduction of the women. In spite of angering the military, Duarte's family was sent to the United States for its safety, and he began the negotiations for
620:
in March 1964. He initiated the Adult
Evening Schools helping a lot of adult workers to become technicians and also get high school diplomas. He supported emerging sectors of the economy and some redistribution of wealth. Duarte easily won the next two elections for mayor in March 1966 and March
858:
on the day Inés Duarte was released, the
General Command assumed full responsibility for the operation and described the actions of the commando, including the killing of the bodyguards, as "impeccable". The abduction of Inés Duarte and Ana Cecilia Villeda was widely denounced as a violation of
648:. Duarte got a job as an engineering advisor and became involved as a private investor in various construction projects. He was also given posts in the international Christian Democratic movement. In 1974, he returned to El Salvador, where he was promptly arrested and returned to
909:
to investigate. The
National police arrested a suspect Jorge Alberto Miranda Arevalo, who confessed that he had acted as a lookout for the gang. He said that he was a member of one of the guerrillas groups, "the ERP." He was judged and sentenced to 30 years in prison.
929:
and given between 6 months to a year to live. Both the diagnosis and the prognosis became public knowledge. In spite of having to stay in the United States for surgery and chemotherapy, he refused to resign as president, and he handed power over constitutionally to
632:
in an election that was widely viewed as fraudulent, with Molina declared the winner even though Duarte was said to have received a majority of the votes; poll watchers claimed the real vote tally was 327,000 for Duarte and 318,000 for Molina.
847:
abducted by FMLN in exchange for 101 war wounded guerrillas, whom the government allowed to leave the country. The entire process of exchanging prisoners, which took place in various parts of the country, was carried out through the
810:
The FMLN demanded for ARENA to be banned from participating in the political life of the country, which made the dialogue between the two sides difficult. During 1985, Duarte tried to improve the image of the state by banning the
1865:
944:
In his autobiography, Duarte wrote: "When the structures and values of
Salvadoran society exemplify a democratic system, then the revolution I have worked for will have taken place. This is my dream".
604:(PDC), which searched for a middle ground between the extreme right and the extreme left. Even as part of the United Democratic Party (PUD), the PDC failed to gain a seat in that year's
728:
were held to the
National Congress in which Duarte's Christian Democratic Party (PDC) party gained 24 of the 60 seats, putting them in opposition against the combined strength of the
267:
2070:
698:(FMLN) responded by launching an all out attack on the government on January 10, 1981, which resulted in the regime receiving immediate military aid and advisors from the
835:
691:
on 24 March 1980. As an official source, he promoted a "blame on both sides" apologetic to explain the government's lack of resolve to investigate the assassination.
640:
by left-wing military officers who supported Duarte. The coup was suppressed and Duarte was arrested. He was subjected to torture. He was condemned to death for high
800:
768:
1248:
227:
890:
Human Rights Commission for El Salvador, had been assassinated. Anaya's assassination was interpreted by some as a sign of disapproval of the peace process.
1496:
1526:
1516:
1481:
882:. On 5 October 1987, a third dialogue began between the government and the FMLN, and on 28 October, Congress passed an amnesty law, just two days after
687:
Just weeks after joining the government, Duarte came to the attention of the U.S. public as spokesperson for the Junta following the assassination of
2065:
1521:
1511:
1146:
1154:
744:. During his time at the head of the JRG, Duarte initiated land reform and nationalized certain industries such as sugar as well as denouncing
1929:
1210:
1085:
442:
122:
1586:
673:
695:
2060:
2050:
1241:
866:
In 1986, Duarte's tax reform plans, bitterly opposed by ARENA, were judged unconstitutional. In August, he participated in the historic
2040:
1407:
914:
solution, the government became ineffective, unstable, and unable to stop the indiscriminate violence and brutality. In the 20 March
906:
192:
1309:
637:
2075:
848:
601:
346:
1696:
799:
Duarte became president on 1 June. He was determined to end the civil war by "dialogue without arms," and on 15 October 1984, in
520:. In 1948, having worked doing dishes and laundry in order to support himself through his studies, he graduated with a degree in
405:
1234:
733:
777:
625:
446:
434:
1821:
915:
820:
725:
905:, which demanded a full investigation into Anaya's death. As a result, Duarte offered a reward of $ 10,000 and asked the
215:
2080:
2045:
1845:
1835:
1318:
781:
741:
605:
497:
90:
2055:
1265:
1880:
1130:
1017:
966:
587:
569:
438:
1392:
737:
2085:
1895:
902:
785:
784:, came in first with 43.4% of the vote. In the second round, on 6 May, he won with 53.6% of the vote against the
729:
684:. Duarte returned to El Salvador on March 3, 1980 and joined the Junta, becoming El Salvador's foreign minister.
496:
in May 1944, he took part in the protests that brought down the twelve-year-old regime of then-President General
450:
1995:
1786:
1776:
1294:
554:
1501:
1486:
472:
which saw numerous abuses and massacres of the civilian population by the Salvadoran security forces and the
1890:
1701:
1691:
1666:
1656:
1626:
1621:
1611:
1900:
1850:
1840:
1801:
1791:
1781:
1671:
1546:
796:
have suggested that the CIA was merely ensuring that Duarte, the candidate favored by the US, was elected.
1985:
1352:
465:
461:
1751:
561:
1377:
1367:
1063:
1855:
1860:
391:
1970:
1601:
1576:
624:
After leaving office in 1970, he set up his own estate agency until he ran in the February 20, 1972
1885:
1279:
1257:
1182:
793:
509:
426:
379:
183:
67:
1756:
1731:
1387:
1327:
1202:
1089:
161:
145:
1761:
1676:
1447:
1432:
1357:
1347:
1337:
812:
804:
565:
1965:
830:
1910:
789:
748:
violations by the military and the FMLN alike. However, members of the military and affiliated
677:
485:
454:
299:
1905:
1875:
1771:
1506:
1491:
1442:
1397:
1382:
1009:
1002:
629:
234:
1736:
1536:
1422:
1412:
772:
President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan with José Napoleón Duarte and Inés Durán de Duarte.
2035:
2030:
1920:
681:
665:
489:
469:
1806:
1437:
1362:
493:
364:
8:
1591:
1581:
384:
1706:
1686:
1641:
1631:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1452:
1427:
1417:
1402:
1284:
1934:
1175:
971:
893:
179:
102:
51:
1721:
1711:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1960:
1944:
1766:
1726:
1192:
1126:
1013:
931:
860:
688:
114:
1796:
644:, but international pressure forced Molina to grant him exile, which he obtained in
1113:, "5,000 in San Salvador Take Part in a March for Murdered Prelate", 27 March 1980.
870:
agreement with other leaders to lay the groundwork for a firm and lasting peace in
855:
628:
under a political grouping called the United National Opposition (UNO). He lost to
1716:
967:"Jose Napoleon Duarte, Salvadoran Leader In Decade of War and Anguish, Dies at 64"
1830:
1681:
1661:
1566:
1556:
1289:
871:
710:
1870:
1571:
1226:
1980:
1651:
1274:
926:
922:
887:
326:
2024:
1811:
1746:
1372:
1342:
1332:
1299:
883:
867:
706:
699:
517:
1990:
1975:
1741:
1646:
1636:
752:
745:
718:
714:
617:
508:. Although he spoke no English at the time, his father enrolled him in the
430:
315:
22:
500:. Other military regimes followed, and in 1945 he crossed the border into
1467:
839:
749:
558:. This section has insufficient citations, especially the first paragraph
521:
473:
422:
874:
by outlining the demobilization of the guerrilla groups in El Salvador,
437:. He lost, but the election is widely viewed as fraudulent. Following a
1476:
1457:
694:
On 22 December 1980, he became the head of state and of the Junta. The
660:
371:
879:
875:
649:
645:
501:
572:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
664:
Duarte at a Christian Democratic Party press conference during the
600:
In 1960, he became a founding member and Secretary General of the
934:
in June 1989. He died at 64 in San Salvador on 23 February 1990.
641:
609:
513:
26:
757:
613:
505:
780:, Duarte (running as the PDC candidate), running along with
709:, Duarte became a symbol for "anti-communist" resistance in
468:, his time in office occurred during the worst years of the
918:, the PDC were soundly beaten by ARENA in a fair election.
854:
In a communiqué from the FMLN General Command broadcast by
921:
In June 1988, Duarte was rushed to a military hospital in
736:(PNC), which gained 14. On 2 May, he handed over power to
1050:
Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador
1037:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 3–4, 391.
1086:"CNN Cold War – Profile: Jose Napoleon Duarte Fuentes"
676:(JRG) took control of El Salvador, deposing President
680:. This is the start of the beginning of a full scale
2071:
Christian Democratic Party (El Salvador) politicians
1032:
827:
the release of Inés Duarte and Ana Cecilia Villeda.
1008:. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. pp.
1001:
429:from 1 June 1984 to 1 June 1989. He was mayor of
1256:
1033:Grandin & Joseph, Greg & Gilbert (2010).
2022:
1161:article about Herbert Sanabria's murder in 1987.
612:the 1962 presidential elections, Duarte became
33: and the second or maternal family name is
834:José Napoleón Duarte and his wife, First Lady
732:(ARENA) party, which gained 19 seats, and the
1242:
760:when Congress terminated direct CIA support.
705:With the arrival of the new US government of
421:(23 November 1925 – 23 February 1990) was a
1249:
1235:
50:
16:President of El Salvador from 1984 to 1989
1155:"Central America Still Gunning for Peace"
995:
993:
991:
989:
960:
958:
907:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
696:Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
588:Learn how and when to remove this message
2066:Notre Dame College of Engineering alumni
1052:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
892:
849:International Committee of the Red Cross
829:
767:
763:
659:
533:
999:
925:, where he was diagnosed with advanced
740:, who had been chosen President by the
713:although support for the FMLN from the
525:and, at the same time, began teaching.
2023:
986:
955:
135:13 December 1980 – 2 May 1982
1230:
1047:
964:
537:
1866:Revolutionary Council of Government
1319:Federal Republic of Central America
937:
782:Rodolfo Antonio Castillo Claramount
528:
13:
2061:People of the Salvadoran Civil War
2051:People from Santa Ana, El Salvador
80:1 June 1984 – 1 June 1989
14:
2097:
2041:Deaths from cancer in El Salvador
2008:– Acting or provisional president
1140:
1308:
542:
433:before running for president in
404:
356:Inés Durán de Duarte (died 2011)
336:Cementerio Jardines del Recuerdo
2076:Mayors of places in El Salvador
965:Pace, Eric (24 February 1990).
903:Organization of American States
886:, the president of the special
786:Nationalist Republican Alliance
730:Nationalist Republican Alliance
655:
445:from 1980 to 1982. He was then
1930:Revolutionary Government Junta
1211:Revolutionary Government Junta
1116:
1104:
1078:
1056:
1041:
1026:
816:excesses of the death squads.
674:Revolutionary Government Junta
498:Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
257:Fidel Antonio Novoa Arciniegas
123:Revolutionary Government Junta
1:
1258:Heads of state of El Salvador
948:
901:Duarte was criticized by the
479:
897:José Napoleón Duarte in 1987
821:1985 congressional elections
441:, Duarte led the subsequent
419:José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes
287:José Napoléon Duarte Fuentes
205:3 March 1980 – 1982
25:, the first or paternal
7:
1954:Post-Civil War (since 1992)
1125:, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1986
778:1984 presidential elections
734:National Conciliation Party
638:a coup d'état was attempted
568:the claims made and adding
492:. While he was studying at
490:department of the same name
466:Central Intelligence Agency
193:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
2102:
2081:Salvadoran anti-communists
2046:Deaths from stomach cancer
602:Christian Democratic Party
504:to join the opposition in
347:Christian Democratic Party
247:March 1964 – 1970
20:
2056:Presidents of El Salvador
2004:
1953:
1919:
1820:
1466:
1317:
1306:
1264:
1217:
1207:
1199:
1189:
1180:
1172:
1167:
776:On 25 March 1984, in the
447:elected president in 1984
425:politician who served as
412:
400:
392:University of El Salvador
370:
360:
352:
342:
338:San Salvador, El Salvador
332:
322:
305:
282:
277:
273:
261:
251:
240:
233:
221:
209:
198:
191:
169:
151:
139:
128:
120:
108:
96:
84:
73:
65:
61:
49:
42:
1886:Civic-Military Directory
1183:President of El Salvador
1048:Wood, Elizabeth (2003).
794:Central American history
700:United States of America
510:University of Notre Dame
427:President of El Salvador
380:University of Notre Dame
323:Cause of death
184:president of El Salvador
68:President of El Salvador
1468:Republic of El Salvador
1035:A century of Revolution
717:has been questioned by
2086:Mayors of San Salvador
1000:Chomsky, Noam (1985).
898:
843:
773:
678:Carlos Humberto Romero
672:On 15 October 1979, a
669:
300:Santa Ana, El Salvador
1203:Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez
1088:. CNN. Archived from
896:
833:
771:
764:President (1984–1989)
663:
630:Arturo Armando Molina
626:presidential election
534:Mayor of San Salvador
462:Reagan Administration
235:Mayor of San Salvador
162:Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez
146:Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez
1921:Salvadoran Civil War
836:Inés Durán de Duarte
819:On 31 March, in the
813:Salvadoran Air Force
666:Salvadoran Civil War
470:Salvadoran Civil War
443:civil-military Junta
216:Héctor Miguel Hirezi
157:Position established
44:José Napoleón Duarte
1881:Junta of Government
1822:Military presidents
790:Roberto D'Aubuisson
788:(ARENA) candidate,
756:arms supplies from
484:Duarte was born in
455:Roberto D'Aubuisson
439:coup d'état in 1979
175:Position abolished
1846:Hernández Martínez
1836:Hernández Martínez
1220:Position abolished
1168:Political offices
1147:Biography by CIDOB
972:The New York Times
899:
844:
774:
724:On 28 March 1982,
670:
636:On 25 March 1972,
553:possibly contains
2018:
2017:
1923:(1979–1992)
1824:(1931–1979)
1470:(1841–1931)
1321:(1823–1841)
1268:(1821–1823)
1266:Post-independence
1225:
1224:
1218:Succeeded by
1193:Alfredo Cristiani
1190:Succeeded by
932:Alfredo Cristiani
861:international law
742:National Congress
689:Archbishop Romero
608:elections. After
606:National Congress
598:
597:
590:
555:original research
494:Liceo Salvadoreño
460:Supported by the
416:
415:
365:Liceo Salvadoreño
228:Fidel Chávez Mena
187:
165:
121:President of the
115:Alfredo Cristiani
2093:
2011:– Military junta
1627:J. M. San Martín
1612:J. M. San Martín
1353:J. D. Villacorta
1338:J. V. Villacorta
1312:
1295:Consultive Junta
1251:
1244:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1209:Chairman of the
1200:Preceded by
1173:Preceded by
1165:
1164:
1151:
1134:
1123:Duarte: My Story
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1092:on 15 April 2008
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:. Lcweb2.loc.gov
1060:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1007:
1004:Turning the Tide
997:
984:
983:
981:
979:
962:
939:Duarte: My Story
856:Radio Venceremos
593:
586:
582:
579:
573:
570:inline citations
546:
545:
538:
529:Political career
476:linked to them.
408:
388:
312:
309:23 February 1990
297:23 November 1925
296:
294:
278:Personal details
264:
254:
245:
224:
212:
203:
177:
172:
159:
154:
142:
133:
111:
99:
91:Rodolfo Castillo
87:
78:
54:
40:
39:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2000:
1949:
1915:
1831:Civic Directory
1816:
1462:
1313:
1304:
1260:
1255:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1195:
1186:
1178:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1031:
1027:
1020:
998:
987:
977:
975:
963:
956:
951:
942:
872:Central America
766:
711:Central America
658:
594:
583:
577:
574:
559:
547:
543:
536:
531:
482:
396:
382:
343:Political party
337:
314:
310:
298:
292:
290:
289:
288:
262:
252:
246:
241:
222:
210:
204:
199:
176:
170:
158:
152:
140:
134:
129:
109:
97:
85:
79:
74:
57:
45:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2099:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1141:External links
1139:
1136:
1135:
1115:
1111:New York Times
1103:
1077:
1055:
1040:
1025:
1018:
985:
953:
952:
950:
947:
941:
936:
927:stomach cancer
923:Washington, DC
916:1988 elections
888:United Nations
765:
762:
753:paramilitaries
657:
654:
596:
595:
550:
548:
541:
535:
532:
530:
527:
481:
478:
414:
413:
410:
409:
402:
398:
397:
395:
394:
389:
376:
374:
368:
367:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
344:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
327:Stomach cancer
324:
320:
319:
313:(aged 64)
307:
303:
302:
286:
284:
280:
279:
275:
274:
271:
270:
268:Carlos Rebollo
265:
259:
258:
255:
249:
248:
238:
237:
231:
230:
225:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
196:
195:
189:
188:
173:
167:
166:
155:
149:
148:
143:
141:Vice President
137:
136:
126:
125:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
86:Vice President
82:
81:
71:
70:
63:
62:
59:
58:
56:Duarte in 1987
55:
47:
46:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2098:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:D. Villacorta
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:J. San Martín
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:J. San Martín
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1176:Álvaro Magaña
1171:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1131:0-399-13202-3
1128:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1065:
1064:"El Salvador"
1059:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1019:9780896082663
1015:
1011:
1010:16–28, 109–27
1006:
1005:
996:
994:
992:
990:
974:
973:
968:
961:
959:
954:
946:
940:
935:
933:
928:
924:
919:
917:
911:
908:
904:
895:
891:
889:
885:
884:Herbert Anaya
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:Esquipulas II
864:
862:
857:
852:
850:
841:
837:
832:
828:
824:
822:
817:
814:
808:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
770:
761:
759:
754:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:Álvaro Magaña
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:Ronald Reagan
703:
701:
697:
692:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
667:
662:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
631:
627:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
592:
589:
581:
571:
567:
563:
557:
556:
551:This section
549:
540:
539:
526:
523:
519:
518:United States
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
453:party leader
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
411:
407:
403:
399:
393:
390:
386:
381:
378:
377:
375:
373:
369:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
335:
333:Resting place
331:
328:
325:
321:
318:, El Salvador
317:
308:
304:
301:
285:
281:
276:
272:
269:
266:
260:
256:
250:
244:
239:
236:
232:
229:
226:
220:
217:
214:
208:
202:
197:
194:
190:
185:
181:
180:Álvaro Magaña
174:
168:
163:
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
132:
127:
124:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
103:Álvaro Magaña
101:
95:
92:
89:
83:
77:
72:
69:
64:
60:
53:
48:
41:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
1996:C. Rodríguez
1939:
1672:J. E. Guzmán
1587:R. Rodríguez
1547:J. E. Guzmán
1507:J. J. Guzmán
1492:J. J. Guzmán
1328:J. Rodríguez
1215:1980 – 1982
1208:
1181:
1158:
1150:(in Spanish)
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:the original
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1058:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1003:
976:. Retrieved
970:
943:
938:
920:
912:
900:
865:
853:
845:
825:
818:
809:
805:Chalatenango
798:
775:
746:human rights
723:
719:Noam Chomsky
715:Soviet Union
704:
693:
686:
671:
656:Junta leader
635:
623:
618:San Salvador
599:
584:
575:
552:
483:
474:death squads
459:
449:, defeating
431:San Salvador
418:
417:
316:San Salvador
311:(1990-02-23)
263:Succeeded by
242:
223:Succeeded by
200:
171:Succeeded by
164:as chairman)
130:
110:Succeeded by
75:
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
2036:1925 births
2031:1990 deaths
1851:A. Menéndez
1841:A. Menéndez
1797:J. Meléndez
1787:C. Meléndez
1777:C. Meléndez
1737:F. Menéndez
1592:Vasconcelos
1582:Vasconcelos
1428:T. Menéndez
1418:T. Menéndez
840:Netherlands
750:death squad
522:engineering
253:Preceded by
211:Preceded by
153:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
2025:Categories
1986:S. Sánchez
1901:F. Sánchez
1388:G. Salazar
1383:C. Salazar
1187:1984—1989
949:References
610:boycotting
562:improve it
480:Early life
423:Salvadoran
372:Alma mater
293:1925-11-23
1961:Cristiani
1945:Cristiani
1911:C. Romero
1906:A. Molina
1861:Castaneda
1812:A. Araujo
1807:P. Romero
1772:M. Araujo
1752:Gutiérrez
1707:del Valle
1522:C. Molina
1512:C. Molina
1070:18 August
880:Nicaragua
876:Guatemala
838:, in the
726:elections
682:civil war
650:Venezuela
646:Venezuela
578:June 2014
566:verifying
502:Guatemala
486:Santa Ana
401:Signature
361:Education
243:In office
201:In office
131:In office
76:In office
1966:Calderón
1802:Quiñónez
1792:Quiñónez
1782:Quiñónez
1767:Figueroa
1757:Regalado
1747:A. Ezeta
1742:C. Ezeta
1727:Figueroa
1722:Zaldívar
1712:Zaldívar
1702:González
1692:González
1622:V. Gómez
1562:Palacios
1552:Palacios
1542:Palacios
1537:Malespín
1532:Palacios
1408:F. Gómez
1403:Espinoza
1290:Codallos
1285:Filísola
1275:Barriere
801:La Palma
464:and the
21:In this
1856:Aguirre
1762:Escalón
1732:Rosales
1717:Guirola
1682:Barrios
1677:Peralta
1662:Barrios
1567:Aguilar
1557:Aguilar
1453:Ramírez
1438:Morazán
1393:Escolán
1363:Morazán
1358:Cornejo
1348:Cornejo
1280:Delgado
842:in 1987
668:, 1982.
642:treason
560:Please
514:Indiana
488:in the
35:Fuentes
27:surname
1991:Bukele
1971:Flores
1940:Duarte
1935:Magaña
1896:Rivera
1891:Cordón
1871:Osorio
1697:Méndez
1687:Dueñas
1667:Santín
1657:Santín
1652:Zepeda
1642:Dueñas
1632:Dueñas
1617:Dueñas
1607:Dueñas
1602:Quirós
1597:Dueñas
1577:Quirós
1572:Medina
1129:
1096:22 May
1016:
878:, and
758:Israel
621:1968.
353:Spouse
31:Duarte
1981:Funes
1876:Lemus
1647:Campo
1637:Campo
1502:Marín
1487:Marín
1477:Lindo
1458:Lindo
1448:Cañas
1443:Silva
1433:Cañas
1423:Vigil
1413:Vigil
1398:Silva
1373:Prado
1343:Prado
1333:Prado
1300:Prado
978:7 May
614:Mayor
506:exile
451:ARENA
66:74th
1976:Saca
1527:Arce
1517:Arce
1482:Arce
1159:Time
1127:ISBN
1098:2013
1072:2014
1014:ISBN
980:2010
435:1972
306:Died
283:Born
616:of
564:by
512:in
182:as
29:is
2027::
1012:.
988:^
969:.
957:^
863:.
851:.
803:,
721:.
702:.
652:.
516:,
457:.
385:BS
1250:e
1243:t
1236:v
1157:—
1133:.
1100:.
1074:.
1022:.
982:.
591:)
585:(
580:)
576:(
387:)
383:(
295:)
291:(
186:)
178:(
160:(
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
