1188:, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture, was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with tracking down Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel. Their inquiries in Paraguay revealed no clues to his whereabouts, and they were unable to intercept any correspondence between Mengele and his wife Martha, who by this time was living in Italy. Agents who were following Rudel's movements also failed to produce any leads. Aharoni and his team followed Gerhard to a rural area near São Paulo, where they identified a European man whom they believed to be Mengele. This potential breakthrough was reported to Harel, but the logistics of staging a capture, the budgetary constraints of the search operation, and the priority of focusing on Israel's deteriorating relationship with Egypt led the Mossad chief to call off the manhunt in 1962.
902:
777:
40:
1238:
375:
967:
353:
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1095:(who was told Mengele was his "Uncle Fritz") and his widowed sister-in-law Martha, for a ski holiday in Switzerland; he also spent a week in his home town of Günzburg. When he returned to Argentina in September 1956, Mengele began living under his real name. Martha and her son Karl Heinz followed about a month later, and the three began living together. Josef and Martha were married in 1958 while on holiday in
949:('German Research Foundation'), at the request of Von Verschuer, who received regular reports and shipments of specimens from Mengele. The grant was used to build a pathology laboratory attached to Crematorium II at Auschwitz II-Birkenau. Nyiszli, who was forced to work on Mengele's behalf due to his pathologist background, prepared specimens and performed autopsies for this laboratory.
975:
undergo unnecessary drug and X-ray treatments. Pregnant women were also victims of these experiments. Survivors were typically sent to the gas chambers within weeks. Their skeletons were sent to Berlin for further analysis. Mengele removed the hearts and stomachs of victims without anesthesia and forced one inmate who survived the removal of a kidney to work without painkillers afterwards.
1346:(1938), his medical dissertation, earned him a doctorate in medicine from Frankfurt University. Studying the influence of genetics as a factor in the occurrence of this deformity, Mengele conducted research on families who exhibited these traits in multiple generations. The work also included notes on other abnormalities found in these family lines.
1104:
discovered, he took an extended business trip to
Paraguay and was granted citizenship there in 1959 under the name "José Mengele". He returned to Buenos Aires several times to settle his business affairs and visit his family. Martha and Karl lived in a boarding house in the city until December 1960, when they returned to West Germany.
963:
another. Many died during the procedures and those who survived were often killed and dissected for comparative post-mortem reports. Nyiszli recalled one occasion where
Mengele killed 14 twins at the same time by injecting their hearts with chloroform. Some twins were sewn back to back in an attempt to create conjoined twins.
1323:
of the Simon
Wiesenthal Center was glad to see the diary fall into Jewish hands, calling the acquisition significant. In 2011 (centenary of Mengele's birth), a further 31 volumes of Mengele's diaries were sold—again amidst protests—by the same auction house to an undisclosed collector of World War II
974:
Other experiments he performed included injecting chemicals into inmates' eyes to change their eye color, removing the eyes of dead inmates and occasionally "pinning them on walls like butterflies", removing the teeth and blood of dwarfs and inmates with physical abnormalities, and forcing inmates to
827:
family camp) at
Birkenau, a subcamp located on the main Auschwitz complex. The SS doctors did not administer treatment to the Auschwitz inmates but supervised the activities of inmate doctors who had been forced to work in the camp medical service. As part of his duties, Mengele made weekly visits to
800:
where incoming Jews were segregated, and those considered able to work were admitted into the camp while those deemed unfit for labor were immediately murdered in the gas chambers. Those selected to be killed, about three-quarters of the total, included almost all children, women with small children,
1318:
at auction for an undisclosed sum to the grandson of a
Holocaust survivor. The unidentified previous owner, who acquired the journals in Brazil, was reported to be close to the Mengele family. A Holocaust survivors' organization described the sale as "a cynical act of exploitation aimed at profiting
1289:
confirmed
Mengele's identity beyond doubt, but family members refused repeated requests by Brazilian officials to repatriate the remains to Germany. The skeleton is stored at the São Paulo Institute for Forensic Medicine, where it is used as an educational aid during forensic medicine courses at the
1123:
arrest warrant was drawn up on 5 June 1959. Argentina initially refused the extradition request because the fugitive was no longer living at the address given on the documents; by the time extradition was approved on 30 June, Mengele had already fled to
Paraguay and was living on a farm in
1094:
After obtaining a copy of his birth certificate through the West German embassy in 1956, Mengele was issued an
Argentine foreign residence permit under his real name. He used this document to obtain a West German passport using his real name and embarked on a trip to Europe. He met with his son Rolf
1159:
Despite having provided
Mengele with legal documents using his real name in 1956 (which had enabled him to formalize his permanent residency in Argentina), West Germany was now offering a reward for his capture. Continuing newspaper coverage of his wartime activities, with accompanying photographs,
978:
In his 1986 book, Lifton described
Mengele as sadistic, lacking empathy, and extremely antisemitic, believing the Jews should be eliminated as an inferior and dangerous race. He also believed that he was responsible for an unknown number of deaths via other experiments, lethal injections, beatings,
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epidemic began in the women's camp, Mengele cleared one block of six hundred Jewish women and sent them to be killed in the gas chambers. The building was then cleaned and disinfected and the occupants of a neighboring block were bathed, de–loused, and given new clothing before being moved into the
835:
Mengele's work also involved carrying out selections, a task that he chose to perform even when he was not assigned to do so, in the hope of finding subjects for his experiments, with a particular interest in locating sets of twins. In contrast to most of the other SS doctors, who viewed selections
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On 31 May 1985, acting on intelligence received by the West German prosecutor's office, police raided the house of Hans Sedlmeier, a lifelong friend of Mengele and sales manager of the family firm in Günzburg. They found a coded address book and copies of letters sent to and received from Mengele.
1155:
of the house did not reveal Mengele or any members of his family, and the neighborhood postman claimed that although Mengele had recently been receiving letters there under his real name, he had since relocated without leaving a forwarding address. Harel's inquiries at a machine shop where Mengele
952:
Mengele's research subjects were better fed and housed than the other prisoners, and temporarily spared from the gas chambers. His research subjects lived in their own barracks, where they were provided with a marginally better quality of food and somewhat improved living conditions than the other
1277:
Among the papers was a letter from Wolfram Bossert notifying Sedlmeier of Mengele's death. German authorities alerted the police in São Paulo, who then contacted the Bosserts. Under interrogation, they revealed the location of Mengele's grave and the remains were exhumed on 6 June 1985. Extensive
1122:
collected information from witnesses about Mengele's wartime activities. In a search of the public records, Langbein discovered Mengele's divorce papers, which listed an address in Buenos Aires. He and Wiesenthal pressured the West German authorities into starting extradition proceedings, and an
962:
In his twin experiments, Mengele generally ordered the twins to undertake weekly physical examinations. Then, he would subject them to a variety of procedures, including amputating healthy limbs, deliberately infecting them with diseases such as typhus, and transfusing the blood of one twin into
1262:
in February 1985, featuring the testimonies of over one hundred victims of Mengele's experiments. Shortly afterwards, the West German, Israeli, and U.S. governments launched a coordinated effort to determine Mengele's whereabouts. The West German and Israeli governments offered rewards for his
957:
He was capable of being so kind to the children, to have them become fond of him, to bring them sugar, to think of small details in their daily lives, and to do things we would genuinely admire ... And then, next to that, ... the crematoria smoke, and these children, tomorrow or in a
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in 1962, with Mengele owning a half interest. Gerhard had initially told the Stammers that the fugitive's name was "Peter Hochbichler", but they discovered his true identity in 1963. Gerhard persuaded the couple not to report Mengele's location to the authorities by convincing them that they
1103:
company. Along with several other doctors, he was questioned in 1958 on suspicion of practicing medicine without a license when a teenage girl died after an abortion, but he was released without charge. Aware that the publicity could lead to his Nazi background and wartime activities being
1281:
examination indicated with a high degree of probability that the body was indeed that of Josef Mengele. Rolf Mengele issued a statement on 10 June confirming that the body was his father's and that news of his father's death had been concealed to protect people who had sheltered him.
1026:
by the Americans in June 1945. Although Mengele was initially registered under his own name, he was not identified as being on the major war criminal list due to the disorganization of the Allies regarding the distribution of wanted lists, and the fact that he did not have the usual
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in 1938. (Both of his degrees were revoked by the issuing universities in the 1960s.) In a letter of recommendation, Von Verschuer praised Mengele's reliability and his ability to verbally present complex material in a clear manner. The American author
434:
service in early 1943 and assigned to Auschwitz, where he saw the opportunity to conduct genetic research on human subjects. His experiments focused primarily on twins, with no regard for the health or safety of the victims. With
1209:, which they rented out to Mengele. Rolf, who had not seen his father since the ski holiday in 1956, visited him at the bungalow in 1977; he found an "unrepentant Nazi" who claimed he had never personally harmed anyone and
1204:
to Mengele. The Stammers' friendship with Mengele deteriorated in late 1974, and when they bought a house in São Paulo, he was not invited to join them. The Stammers later bought a bungalow in the Eldorado neighborhood of
1253:
in 1961, in Spain in 1971, and in Paraguay in 1978, eighteen years after he had left the country. He insisted as late as 1985 that Mengele was still alive—six years after he had died—having previously offered a reward of
1181:
themselves could be implicated for harboring a fugitive. In February 1961, West Germany widened its extradition request to include Brazil, having been tipped off to the possibility that Mengele had relocated there.
376:
1336:. This dissertation, completed in 1935 and first published in 1937, earned him a PhD in anthropology from Munich University. In this work Mengele sought to demonstrate that there were structural differences in the
1021:
officer. There he temporarily entrusted his incriminating documents to a nurse with whom he had struck up a relationship. He and his unit then hurried west to avoid being captured by the Soviets, but were taken
1220:
in 1976, experienced high blood pressure, and developed an ear infection which affected his balance. On 7 February 1979, while visiting his friends Wolfram and Liselotte Bossert in the coastal resort of
836:
as one of their most stressful and unpleasant duties, he undertook the task with a flamboyant air, often smiling or whistling. He was one of the SS doctors responsible for supervising the administration of
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as a regional sales representative. He moved into an apartment in central Buenos Aires in 1953, used family funds to buy a part interest in a carpentry concern, and then rented a house in the suburb of
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and others reported that the twin studies may also have been motivated by an intention to uncover strategies for 'racially desirable' Germans to reproduce more twins. A grant was later provided by the
1147:
in Buenos Aires. He was hoping to track down Mengele so that he too could be brought to trial in Israel. Under interrogation, Eichmann provided the address of a boarding house that had been used as a
855:
bacterial disease of the mouth and face—struck the Romani camp in 1943, Mengele initiated a study to determine the cause of the disease and develop a treatment. He enlisted the assistance of prisoner
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83:
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under the name "Wolfgang Gerhard", whose identification Mengele had been using since 1971. Other aliases used by Mengele in his later life included "Dr. Fausto Rindón" and "S. Josi Alvers Aspiazu".
519:), which produced farming machinery. Mengele was successful at school and developed an interest in music, art, and skiing. He completed high school in April 1930 and went on to study philosophy in
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on 17 January 1945, taking with him two boxes of specimens and the records of his experiments at Auschwitz. Most of the camp medical records had already been destroyed by the SS by the time the
757:
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in 1954. Files released by the Argentine government in 1992 indicate that Mengele may have practiced medicine without a license while living in Buenos Aires, including performing abortions.
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as a farmhand. He eventually escaped from Germany on 17 April 1949, convinced that his capture would mean a trial and death sentence. Assisted by a network of former SS members, he used the
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Benzenhöfer, Udo; Ackermann, Hanns; Weiske, Katja (2007). "Wissenschaft oder Wahn? Bemerkungen zur Münchener Dissertation von Josef Mengele aus dem Jahr 1935 ". In Benzenhöfer, Udo (ed.).
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Benzenhöfer, Udo; Weiske, Katja (2010). "Bemerkungen zur Frankfurter Dissertation von Josef Mengele über Sippenuntersuchungen bei Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte ". In Benzenhöfer, Udo (ed.).
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Jewish children kept alive in Auschwitz for use in Mengele's medical experiments, including twins Miriam Mozes and Eva Mozes (wearing knitted caps); they were liberated in January 1945.
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in the mid-1940s, but the Allied forces believed that he was probably already dead. Irene Mengele and the family in Günzburg also claimed that he had died. Working in West Germany,
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867:. The patients were isolated in separate barracks and several afflicted children were killed so that their preserved heads and organs could be sent to the SS Medical Academy in
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1245:
Sightings of Mengele were being reported all over the world in the decades following the war. Wiesenthal claimed to have information that placed Mengele on the Greek island of
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notes that Mengele's published works were in keeping with the scientific mainstream of the time, and would probably have been viewed as valid scientific efforts even outside
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areas of the camp. When visiting his young subjects, he introduced himself as "Uncle Mengele" and offered them sweets. A former Auschwitz inmate doctor said of Mengele:
655:(living space) for the Germanic people. Nazi Germany attempted to obtain this new territory by attacking Poland and the Soviet Union, intending to deport or murder the
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3803:
748:
in Black, and the Medal for the Care of the German People. He was declared unfit for further active service in mid-1942, when he was seriously wounded in action near
508:
Hupfauer) and Karl Mengele. His two younger brothers were Karl Jr. and Alois. Their father was founder of the Karl Mengele & Sons company (later renamed as
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844:-based pesticide that was used for the mass killings in the Birkenau gas chambers. He served in this capacity at the gas chambers located in crematoria IV and V.
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937:, and people with physical abnormalities. Twin research was of particular interest to Mengele, as one twin could serve as subject with the other as the control.
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pregnant women, all the elderly, and all of those who appeared (in a brief and superficial inspection by an SS doctor) to be not completely fit and healthy.
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925:. His medical experiments showed no consideration for the victims' health, safety, or physical and emotional suffering. He was particularly interested in
6019:
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100,000 (equivalent to $ 300,000 in 2023) in 1982 for the fugitive's capture. Worldwide interest in the case was heightened by a mock trial held in
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796:. Prisoners were transported there by rail from all over Nazi-controlled Europe, arriving in daily convoys. By July 1942, SS doctors were conducting
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put him in touch with the Nazi supporter Wolfgang Gerhard, who helped Mengele cross the border into Brazil. He stayed with Gerhard on his farm near
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1200:, with Mengele as half owner. When Wolfgang Gerhard returned to Germany in 1971 to seek medical treatment for his ailing wife and son, he gave his
1031:. He was released at the end of July and obtained false papers under the name "Fritz Ulmann", documents he later altered to read "Fritz Hollmann".
486:, and was buried under the false name of Wolfgang Gerhard. His remains were disinterred and positively identified by forensic examination in 1985.
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and other facilities for study. This research was still ongoing when the Romani camp was liquidated and its remaining occupants murdered in 1944.
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1082:. He next worked as a salesman for his family's farm equipment company, Karl Mengele & Sons, and in 1951 he began making frequent trips to
6024:
1462:
New arrivals that were judged able to work were admitted into the camp, while those deemed unsuitable for labor were sent to the gas chambers.
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liberated Auschwitz on 27 January. Mengele fled Gross-Rosen on 18 February, a week before the Soviets arrived there, and traveled westward to
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1034:
After several months on the run, including a trip back to the Soviet-occupied area to recover his Auschwitz records, Mengele found work near
4276:
1241:
Forensic anthropologists examine Mengele's skull in 1986. The skeleton is stored at the São Paulo Institute for Forensic Medicine in Brazil.
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as a battalion medical officer. After rescuing two German soldiers from a burning tank, he was decorated with the Iron Cross 1st Class, the
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1362:(an abnormal fissure on the external ear) as a hereditary trait. Mengele noted that individuals who have this trait also tend to have a
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clean block. This process was repeated until all of the barracks were disinfected. Similar procedures were used for later epidemics of
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with the help of an investment from Mengele, who was given the job of managing for them. The three bought a coffee and cattle farm in
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Allison, Kirk C. (2011). "Eugenics, race hygiene, and the Holocaust: Antecedents and consolidations". In Friedman, Jonathan C (ed.).
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697:(Nazi armed forces) in June 1940, some months after the outbreak of World War II. He soon volunteered for medical service in the
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in 1937 and the SS in 1938. He was assigned as a battalion medical officer at the start of World War II, then transferred to the
4111:
5755:
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3615:
921:
Mengele used Auschwitz as an opportunity to continue his anthropological studies and research into heredity, using inmates for
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474:, who wanted to bring him to trial. Mengele eluded capture in spite of extradition requests by the West German government and
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and other diseases, with infected prisoners being murdered in the gas chambers. For these actions, Mengele was awarded the
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1054:"Helmut Gregor", and sailed to Argentina in July 1949. His wife refused to accompany him, and they divorced by proxy in
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5834:
4533:
3314:
Halioua, Bruno; Marmor, Michael F. (2020). "The eyes of the angel of death: Ophthalmic experiments of Josef Mengele".
3484:
1099:, and they bought a house in Buenos Aires. Mengele's business interests now included part ownership of Fadro Farm, a
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of individuals from different ethnic groups, and that racial distinctions could be made based on these differences.
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1314:. Eight of the photographs include Mengele. In February 2010, a 180-page volume of Mengele's diary was sold by
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444:
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752:. Following his recovery, he was transferred to the headquarters of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office in
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611:. On 28 July 1939, Mengele married Irene Schönbein, whom he had met while working as a medical resident in
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3389:. US Department of Justice, Office of Special Investigations Criminal Division. October 1992. p. 206
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service. Mengele's application was accepted and he was posted to Auschwitz, where he was appointed by SS-
599:
269:
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4112:"Bemerkungen zum Lebenslauf von Josef Mengele unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Frankfurter Zeit"
39:
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4114:[Comments on Josef Mengele's curriculum vitae with special reference to his time in Frankfurt]
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and ordered any prisoners who had not recovered after two weeks in bed to be sent to the gas chambers.
408:
4000:"The Ethical Legacy of Nazi Medical War Crimes: Origins, Human Experiments, and International Justice"
3424:
Kubica, Helena (1998) . "The Crimes of Josef Mengele". In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.).
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1078:. After a few weeks, he moved to the house of a Nazi sympathizer in the more affluent neighborhood of
713:('second lieutenant') in a medical reserve battalion until November 1940. He was next assigned to the
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Mengele, Hirt, Holfelder, Berner, von Verschuer, Kranz: Frankfurter Universitätsmediziner der NS-Zeit
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Mengele, Hirt, Holfelder, Berner, von Verschuer, Kranz: Frankfurt university doctors of the Nazi era
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People associated with the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics
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756:, at which point he resumed his association with Von Verschuer, who was now director of the
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412:
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Racial-Morphological Examinations of the Anterior Portion of the Lower Jaw in Four Racial Groups
887:(Second Class with swords) and was promoted in 1944 to First Physician of the Birkenau subcamp.
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had been part owner also failed to generate any leads, so he was forced to abandon the search.
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concentration camp, where he was a member of the team of doctors who selected victims to be
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Based on entries in Mengele's journals and interviews with his friends, historians such as
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559:. In January 1937, he joined the Institute for Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene in
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Hunting Evil: The Nazi War Criminals Who Escaped and the Quest to Bring Them to Justice
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Children of the Flames: Dr Josef Mengele and the Untold Story of the Twins of Auschwitz
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3384:"In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States"
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The House on Garibaldi Street: the First Full Account of the Capture of Adolf Eichmann
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788:, originally intended to house slave laborers, began to be used instead as a combined
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As Von Verschuer's assistant, Mengele focused on the genetic factors that result in a
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until a more permanent accommodation could be found, which came about with Hungarian
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and Gerald Astor believe that Mengele had a sexual relationship with Gitta Stammer.
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482:. He drowned in 1979 after suffering a heart attack while swimming off the coast of
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5047:
5037:
5012:
4962:
4803:
4675:
4638:
4623:
4011:
3972:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3673:
3323:
3267:
3185:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1023:
856:
471:
7397:
7308:
7252:
5390:
5360:
5138:
4967:
4798:
4733:
4703:
4685:
4179:
7587:
7583:
7402:
7376:
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6879:
6864:
6849:
6407:
6402:
6259:
6190:
6139:
6119:
5880:
5687:
5617:
5547:
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5415:
5350:
5218:
5128:
5017:
5002:
4987:
4947:
4813:
4665:
4271:
3562:
3451:
1471:
Of the Hungarians who arrived in mid-1944, 85 percent were murdered immediately.
1210:
926:
884:
681:(SS; 'Protection Squadron') in 1938. He received basic training in 1938 with the
232:
7272:
6633:
6129:
5460:
5042:
4922:
4897:
4778:
4202:
Right to Live: an historical novel based on Mengele's life between 1945 and 1963
2867:
2865:
1307:
1225:, Mengele had a heart attack while swimming and drowned. His body was buried in
966:
958:
half-hour, he is going to send them there. Well, that is where the anomaly lay.
914:
817:, chief medical officer at Auschwitz, to the position of chief physician of the
684:
7553:
7543:
7424:
7329:
7221:
7196:
7166:
7141:
6854:
6638:
6598:
6566:
6515:
6149:
6144:
5976:
5844:
5751:
5673:
5627:
5542:
5440:
5401:
5324:
5183:
5168:
5143:
5083:
4972:
4957:
4937:
4927:
4788:
4680:
4256:
4068:
Studies on the history and ethics of medicine with a focus on Frankfurt am Main
3677:
3592:
1337:
1226:
1144:
1100:
1071:
1012:
848:
804:
In early 1943, Von Verschuer encouraged Mengele to apply for a transfer to the
663:
living there, who were considered by the Nazis to be inferior to the putative "
632:
546:
194:
7360:
7313:
6909:
6844:
6790:
5365:
5173:
5133:
4738:
4608:
4063:
Studien zur Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Frankfurt am Main
4015:
4006:. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Malden, MA; Oxford: Blackwell. pp.
3597:
The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation
1417:
910:
462:, then fled to Paraguay in 1959 and Brazil in 1960, all while being sought by
7659:
7602:
7592:
7563:
7517:
7468:
7236:
7201:
7161:
6979:
6949:
6869:
6811:
6704:
6659:
6643:
6554:
6346:
6164:
5936:
5677:
5612:
5607:
5592:
5562:
5557:
5527:
5465:
5420:
5334:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5271:
5261:
5241:
5213:
5103:
5073:
4992:
4977:
4932:
4823:
4793:
4768:
4758:
4728:
4723:
4659:
4341:
3735:
3707:
3584:
3335:
2862:
1481:
1412:
1392:
1387:
1000:
880:
824:
814:
749:
726:
676:
640:
448:
416:
384:
160:
7483:
6939:
5567:
3885:"Nazi doctor Josef Mengele's bones used in Brazil forensic medicine courses"
1402:
1055:
7645:
List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes
7628:
7339:
7262:
7231:
7206:
7176:
7151:
7058:
6969:
6874:
6839:
6829:
6819:
6664:
6560:
6254:
5966:
5773:
5713:
5622:
5587:
5582:
5450:
5435:
5276:
5208:
5178:
5148:
5098:
5068:
5063:
4917:
4818:
4783:
4670:
4138:
3794:
3588:
3343:
1382:
1216:
Mengele's health had been steadily deteriorating since 1972. He suffered a
1152:
1067:
906:
860:
789:
644:
628:
608:
589:
540:
463:
459:
443:, Mengele was transferred 280 kilometres (170 miles) from Auschwitz to the
423:
390:
148:
7355:
6781:
5108:
3761:"Discovery, development, and current applications of DNA identity testing"
3587:(1992). "Mengele Twins and Human Experimentation: A Personal Account". In
1165:
352:
45:
7548:
7522:
7381:
7303:
7277:
7004:
7000:
6894:
6799:
6772:
6763:
5986:
5522:
5512:
5445:
5425:
5355:
5314:
5251:
5236:
5158:
5118:
5007:
4997:
3945:
3402:
3359:
3291:
1437:
1320:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1136:
1112:
745:
667:
467:
237:
987:
531:, where he took his medical preliminary examination. In 1931, he joined
495:
120:
7063:
6954:
6919:
6859:
6538:
5572:
5537:
5093:
4942:
3976:
1407:
1148:
852:
737:
689:('light infantry mountain troop') and was called up for service in the
664:
650:
579:
568:
524:
427:
250:
227:
3122:"Ultra-Orthodox man buys diaries of Nazi doctor Mengele for $ 245,000"
758:
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics
5829:
5266:
4839:
3822:
3494:
1259:
1051:
1035:
700:
692:
560:
454:
After the war, Mengele fled to Argentina in July 1949, assisted by a
394:
6546:
5854:
5816:
4095:] (in German). Münster: Klemm & Oelschläger. pp. 9–20.
3981:
Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction
2730:
1319:
from the writings of one of the most heinous Nazi criminals". Rabbi
780:"Selection" of Hungarian Jews on the ramp at Birkenau, May/June 1944
722:
6269:
1286:
1278:
1222:
1197:
1196:
In 1969, Mengele and the Stammers jointly purchased a farmhouse in
1083:
1004:
995:
Along with several other Auschwitz doctors, Mengele transferred to
934:
837:
829:
636:
483:
436:
137:
4267:"How Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele cheated justice for 34 years"
3036:
1008:
991:
Photograph from Mengele's Argentine identification document (1956)
7761:
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
1651:
1246:
1096:
841:
733:
612:
499:
3543:
The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide
2976:
2850:
705:, the combat arm of the SS, where he served with the rank of SS-
426:
and medicine, and began a career as a researcher. He joined the
7623:
6618:
6341:
4457:
3235:"Hohenau Journal; Sure, Mengele Was at Home Here, but Bormann?"
3149:. Milton Park; New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 45–58.
2988:
2952:
2940:
2838:
2790:
2766:
2166:
1363:
1217:
1140:
875:
753:
624:
583:
520:
479:
381:; 16 March 1911 – 7 February 1979) was a German
2802:
2718:
2706:
2646:
2433:
2421:
2385:
1865:
1699:
1520:
1518:
1516:
6507:
2562:
2397:
2337:
2325:
1853:
1250:
1043:
660:
202:
4898:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
3983:. Detroit, Michigan: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 1747.
2610:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2065:
1841:
1817:
1663:
551:('Storm Detachment'; SA) in 1934. In 1935, Mengele earned a
3688:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp.
3501:(Revised 2002 ed.). London: Constable & Robinson.
3432:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp.
3000:
2742:
1513:
868:
656:
3364:"Wiesenthal Center Praises Acquisition of Mengele's Diary"
3096:
2694:
2658:
2634:
2598:
2523:
2511:
2301:
1889:
502:, on 16 March 1911, the eldest of three sons of Walburga (
3804:"Why One Auschwitz Survivor Avoided Doctors for 65 Years"
3190:"Investigators Turn Attention to Mengele Family Contacts"
2928:
2814:
2409:
2349:
2313:
2289:
2262:
2202:
2149:
2113:
2101:
2053:
2041:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1788:
1776:
1740:
1728:
1604:
1592:
1344:
Genealogical Studies in the Cases of Cleft Lip-Jaw-Palate
1255:
552:
6455:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
2682:
2484:
2029:
1930:
1928:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1764:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
6316:
4326:
4243:"Historical Analysis of 20 Name Files from CIA Records"
2904:
2892:
2670:
2535:
2501:
2499:
2373:
2178:
1969:
1901:
1675:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
447:
on 17 January 1945, ten days before the arrival of the
419:, and was one of the doctors who administered the gas.
179:
3567:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
3084:
2552:
2550:
2462:
2460:
2279:
2277:
2077:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1310:, an album of photographs of Auschwitz staff taken by
1107:
Mengele's name was mentioned several times during the
393:
at the Russian front and then at Auschwitz during the
7121:
4286:"His secret out, Rolf Mengele talks about his father"
3903:
3599:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–59.
3382:
3042:
2880:
2826:
2778:
2226:
2190:
2137:
2125:
2089:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1925:
1800:
1711:
1687:
1657:
1639:
1616:
1503:
1501:
3212:"Scientists Decide Brazil Skeleton Is Josef Mengele"
2964:
2916:
2754:
2496:
2472:
1530:
1172:
Géza and Gitta Stammer. The couple bought a farm in
1160:
led Mengele to relocate again in 1960. Former pilot
7706:
Fugitives wanted on crimes against humanity charges
3072:
3024:
2586:
2574:
2547:
2457:
2361:
2274:
1957:
1913:
1877:
1829:
1551:
4178:
4033:Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991).
3540:
3048:
2622:
2250:
2214:
1940:
1752:
1580:
1498:
1143:, personally led the successful effort to capture
3616:"Mengele an Abortionist, Argentine Files Suggest"
3209:
3184:
3060:
3012:
2844:
2403:
2238:
1568:
571:with a particular interest in researching twins.
7657:
5817:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
4032:
3865:
2856:
2445:
1524:
3296:"Revisiting Mengele's Malignant "Race Science""
422:Before the war, Mengele received doctorates in
397:, where he was nicknamed the "Angel of Death" (
7831:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class
7686:Auschwitz concentration camp medical personnel
3167:Last Nazi: Life and Times of Dr Joseph Mengele
1139:, director of the Israeli intelligence agency
673:Mengele joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and the
19:"Mengele" redirects here. For other uses, see
7786:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
7107:
6523:
6302:
5802:
4883:
4443:
4312:
3569:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
3313:
2208:
1474:
543:organization that was absorbed into the Nazi
6797:
6788:
6779:
6770:
6761:
6752:
6743:
6734:
6725:
6488:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
4070:] (in German). Wetzlar. pp. 31–41.
3882:
3848:"Remains of Mengele Rest Uneasily in Brazil"
3765:Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings
3450:
2871:
2119:
1353:
1016:
942:
818:
809:
761:
714:
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
648:
544:
532:
382:
92:
4458:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
4252:"Skeletons in the Closet of German Science"
4002:. In Burley, Justine; Harris, John (eds.).
3920:
3706:
3676:(1998) . "Gas Chambers and Crematoria". In
3006:
2994:
2982:
2958:
2946:
2808:
2796:
2772:
2748:
2736:
2724:
2712:
2700:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2604:
2568:
2529:
2517:
2490:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2391:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2160:
2071:
2059:
1999:
1987:
1895:
1871:
1859:
1823:
1782:
1746:
1734:
1669:
1610:
1598:
587:
494:Mengele was born into a Catholic family in
7114:
7100:
7049:National Political Institutes of Education
6530:
6516:
6309:
6295:
5809:
5795:
4890:
4876:
4450:
4436:
4319:
4305:
4265:Posner, Gerald; Ware, John (18 May 1986).
1465:
740:2nd Class. In January 1942, he joined the
721:('SS Race and Settlement Main Office') in
615:. Their only son, Rolf, was born in 1944.
38:
3997:
3908:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3870:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3784:
3583:
3561:
3366:. Simon Wiesenthal Center. Archived from
2184:
1847:
1770:
1681:
1350:Hereditary Transmission of Fistulae Auris
760:. Mengele was promoted to the rank of SS-
7776:Gross-Rosen concentration camp personnel
3966:
3658:"Survivor's grandson buys Mengele diary"
3639:Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account
3409:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
2035:
1236:
1048:International Committee of the Red Cross
1046:, where he obtained a passport from the
986:
965:
900:
890:
775:
7676:20th-century German non-fiction writers
6413:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
4250:Papanayotou, Vivi (18 September 2005).
3944:
3633:
3614:Nash, Nathaniel C. (11 February 1992).
3401:
3144:
2910:
2898:
2095:
2083:
1934:
1693:
1645:
1304:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1191:
242:Medal for the Care of the German People
16:Nazi SS doctor at Auschwitz (1911–1979)
7711:Fugitives wanted on war crimes charges
7658:
6396:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
5756:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
3845:
3828:Simon Wiesenthal: The Life and Legends
3801:
3538:
3515:
3423:
3290:
3253:
3229:
3119:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3030:
2628:
2268:
2256:
2232:
2220:
2196:
2172:
2143:
2131:
2107:
2047:
2023:
1951:
1811:
1794:
1722:
1633:
1574:
1545:
1449:
1358:('The Genetic Physician'), focuses on
233:War Merit Cross, 2nd class with Swords
7095:
6511:
6290:
5790:
4871:
4431:
4300:
3821:
3802:Schult, Christoph (12 October 2009).
3672:
3655:
3266:
3163:
3054:
2886:
2832:
2784:
2505:
2478:
2011:
1963:
1919:
1835:
1758:
1586:
1562:
1352:. This journal article, published in
1297:
503:
368:
7076:Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party
7018:National Democratic Party of Germany
3758:
3734:
3613:
3493:
3358:
3066:
3018:
2970:
2934:
2922:
2820:
2760:
2688:
2676:
2616:
2592:
2580:
2556:
2541:
2466:
2451:
2379:
2367:
2283:
1975:
1907:
1883:
1705:
1507:
1130:
732:In June 1941, Mengele was posted to
7716:20th-century German anthropologists
6317:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
4328:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
4226:Belnap, David F. (10 August 1979).
4035:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
3684:Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp
3474:
3428:Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp
3254:Brozan, Nadine (15 November 1982).
2244:
1061:
478:by the Israeli intelligence agency
458:. He initially lived in and around
13:
7816:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
7771:Goethe University Frankfurt alumni
6478:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
4228:"Mengele Hunt Focuses on Paraguay"
4053:
3210:Blumenthal, Ralph (22 July 1985).
3147:Routledge History of the Holocaust
982:
618:
389:(SS) officer and physician during
14:
7857:
7836:Recipients of the War Merit Cross
7122:Post-war flight of Axis fugitives
6160:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
4219:
3846:Simons, Marlise (17 March 1988).
3479:. Oxford: Heinemann Educational.
3328:10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.04.007
1066:Mengele worked as a carpenter in
565:Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
7781:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
6337:Population transfers (1944–1946)
5386:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
4241:Breitman, Richard (April 2001).
4185:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
3656:Oster, Marcy (3 February 2010).
3499:Nazi Hunter: The Wiesenthal File
1070:, Argentina, while lodging in a
933:(eyes of two different colors),
647:with the goal of obtaining more
523:, where the headquarters of the
351:
308:
7741:German male non-fiction writers
7726:German expatriates in Argentina
7081:Samoan branch of the Nazi Party
6440:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
6352:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
4284:Siegert, Alice (30 June 1985).
4110:Benzenhöfer, Udo (April 2011).
3641:. New York: Arcade Publishing.
3256:"Out of Death, a Zest for Life"
3112:
1327:
945:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
717:SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt
409:deadly experiments on prisoners
328:
304:
6537:
5768:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
5744:36th Estonian Police Battalion
4177:Lieberman, Herbert A. (1978).
3777:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928051
1456:
997:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
527:were located. He attended the
445:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
100:Wolfgang Gerhard (burial name)
1:
6435:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
6265:Human medical experimentation
3930:. Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck.
3680:; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.).
3521:"What Made This Man? Mengele"
3454:; Dekel, Sheila Cohn (1991).
3120:Aderet, Ofer (22 July 2011).
1444:
1324:memorabilia for US$ 245,000.
1232:
1127:, near the Argentine border.
742:5th SS Panzer Division Wiking
627:brought together elements of
489:
7841:Romani genocide perpetrators
7826:Physicians in the Nazi Party
7731:German expatriates in Brazil
7506:Operation Osoaviakhim (USSR)
6584:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
4204:. London: Lynfa Publishing.
3969:"Mengele, Josef (1911–1979)"
3952:. New York: Broadway Books.
3744:. New York: Public Affairs.
3460:. New York: William Morrow.
3170:. New York: Donald I. Fine.
2857:Zentner & Bedürftig 1991
1491:
1378:Angel of Death (Slayer song)
771:
725:, evaluating candidates for
586:on the subject earned him a
456:network of former SS members
417:murdered in the gas chambers
7:
7796:Nazi human subject research
7736:German expatriates in Italy
7701:Fugitives wanted by Germany
7681:Accidental deaths in Brazil
7044:Munich Documentation Centre
6825:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
6470:Righteous Among the Nations
6357:Ministry of Public Security
5736:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
4346:Related articles by country
3759:Saad, Rana (1 April 2005).
3717:Mengele: The Complete Story
3660:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency
3539:Lifton, Robert Jay (1986).
1370:
1306:received as a donation the
1211:only carried out his duties
768:('captain') in April 1943.
736:, where he was awarded the
238:Black Badge for the Wounded
10:
7862:
6614:National Socialist Program
6382:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
5764:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
1658:US Justice Department 1992
897:Nazi human experimentation
894:
18:
7637:
7611:
7576:
7536:
7494:Operation Paperclip (USA)
7461:
7445:
7438:
7411:
7390:
7369:
7348:
7322:
7296:
7245:
7134:
7127:
7031:
6993:
6810:
6718:
6695:Office of Foreign Affairs
6685:Office of Military Policy
6680:Office of Colonial Policy
6652:
6576:
6545:
6468:
6425:
6395:
6374:
6365:
6322:
6286:
6237:
6217:
6178:
6155:Sobibor perpetrator album
6112:
6103:
6038:
6007:
6000:
5914:
5873:
5822:
5786:
5740:Estonian Auxiliary Police
5722:
5666:
5641:
5505:
5498:
5399:
5343:
5285:
5227:
5056:
4910:
4903:
4867:
4850:Human medical experiments
4832:
4694:
4652:
4591:
4524:
4472:
4463:
4427:
4423:
4334:
4016:10.1002/9780470756423.ch5
3883:Staff (11 January 2017).
3720:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
3547:. New York: Basic Books.
3043:USHMM: SS Auschwitz album
2209:Halioua & Marmor 2020
2175:, pp. 347, 351, 353.
1708:, p. 234 (footnote).
639:, and combined them with
555:in anthropology from the
347:
339:
283:
249:
215:
193:
174:
166:
154:
144:
127:
107:
61:
53:
37:
30:
7518:Robert Leiber (Holy See)
7469:Colonia Dignidad (Chile)
7054:Nazi concentration camps
6624:Night of the Long Knives
6403:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
5748:Latvian Auxiliary Police
5481:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
4983:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
4290:Chicago Tribune Magazine
4272:Chicago Tribune Magazine
4004:A Companion to Genethics
3998:Weindling, Paul (2002).
3967:Thornton, Larry (2006).
3741:Auschwitz: A New History
3475:Lee, Stephen J. (1996).
3452:Lagnado, Lucette Matalon
2739:, pp. 184, 187–188.
2619:, pp. 269–270, 272.
2120:Lagnado & Dekel 1991
439:troops sweeping through
432:Nazi concentration camps
370:[ˈjoːzɛfˈmɛŋələ]
21:Mengele (disambiguation)
7756:German military doctors
6755:Innviertler Heimatblatt
6690:Office of Racial Policy
6493:Garden of the Righteous
6245:Identification in camps
6238:Technical and logistics
5684:Order Police battalions
4245:. US National Archives.
4200:Wharam, Philip (2015).
4037:. New York: Macmillan.
3831:. New York: Doubleday.
3477:Weimar and Nazi Germany
3316:Survey of Ophthalmology
3007:Posner & Ware 1986a
2995:Posner & Ware 1986a
2983:Posner & Ware 1986a
2959:Posner & Ware 1986a
2947:Posner & Ware 1986a
2809:Posner & Ware 1986a
2797:Posner & Ware 1986a
2773:Posner & Ware 1986a
2749:Posner & Ware 1986a
2737:Posner & Ware 1986a
2725:Posner & Ware 1986a
2713:Posner & Ware 1986a
2701:Posner & Ware 1986a
2665:Posner & Ware 1986a
2653:Posner & Ware 1986a
2641:Posner & Ware 1986a
2605:Posner & Ware 1986a
2569:Posner & Ware 1986a
2530:Posner & Ware 1986a
2518:Posner & Ware 1986a
2491:Posner & Ware 1986a
2440:Posner & Ware 1986a
2428:Posner & Ware 1986a
2416:Posner & Ware 1986a
2392:Posner & Ware 1986a
2356:Posner & Ware 1986a
2344:Posner & Ware 1986a
2332:Posner & Ware 1986a
2320:Posner & Ware 1986a
2296:Posner & Ware 1986a
2161:Posner & Ware 1986a
2072:Posner & Ware 1986a
2060:Posner & Ware 1986a
2000:Posner & Ware 1986a
1988:Posner & Ware 1986a
1824:Posner & Ware 1986a
1783:Posner & Ware 1986a
1747:Posner & Ware 1986a
1735:Posner & Ware 1986a
1670:Posner & Ware 1986a
1611:Posner & Ware 1986a
1599:Posner & Ware 1986a
1292:University of São Paulo
1271:Simon Wiesenthal Center
923:medical experimentation
786:Auschwitz II (Birkenau)
600:University of Frankfurt
594:doctorate in medicine (
413:Auschwitz II (Birkenau)
270:University of Frankfurt
228:Iron Cross Second Class
7821:People who died at sea
7801:Nazis in South America
7751:German medical writers
7147:Ludolf von Alvensleben
6935:Joachim von Ribbentrop
6930:Konstantin von Neurath
6798:
6789:
6780:
6771:
6762:
6753:
6744:
6735:
6726:
6675:Nazi Party Chancellery
5906:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
5371:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
3273:The Third Reich at War
3164:Astor, Gerald (1985).
1354:
1242:
1017:
992:
971:
960:
943:
918:
819:
810:
781:
762:
715:
707:
699:
691:
683:
675:
649:
588:
563:, where he worked for
545:
533:
476:clandestine operations
441:German-occupied Poland
404:
383:
223:Iron Cross First Class
93:
88:
75:
7746:German mass murderers
7528:Stroessner (Paraguay)
7023:Socialist Reich Party
7014:Deutsche Reichspartei
6835:Richard Walther Darré
6728:Völkischer Beobachter
6609:German Workers' Party
6445:Majdanek State Museum
5578:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
4482:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
4131:Harel, Isser (1975).
4120:Hessisches Ärzteblatt
3808:Spiegel International
3276:. New York: Penguin.
2845:Blumenthal, July 1985
2404:Blumenthal, June 1985
1312:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
1240:
1029:SS blood group tattoo
990:
969:
955:
909:, Josef Mengele, and
904:
891:Human experimentation
820:Zigeunerfamilienlager
779:
167:Years of service
7811:People from Günzburg
7619:Krunoslav Draganović
7157:Hermine Braunsteiner
7039:Adolf Hitler Schools
6965:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
6670:Hitler's Chancellery
6604:Enabling Act of 1933
5922:Mordechai Anielewicz
5633:Elisabeth Volkenrath
5518:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
5154:Arthur Liebehenschel
5079:Hermine Braunsteiner
5023:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
4279:on 18 February 2014.
4159:The Boys from Brazil
3927:Auschwitz: A History
3922:Steinbacher, Sybille
3906:"SS Auschwitz album"
3132:on 24 September 2015
2985:, pp. 315, 317.
2937:, pp. 297, 301.
2823:, pp. 289, 291.
2691:, pp. 280, 282.
2014:, pp. 170, 172.
1525:USHMM: Josef Mengele
1424:The Boys from Brazil
1316:Alexander Autographs
1266:The Washington Times
1192:Later life and death
1151:for Nazi fugitives.
931:heterochromia iridum
913:in Auschwitz, 1944 (
847:When an outbreak of
576:cleft lip and palate
557:University of Munich
510:Mengele Agrartechnik
362:Josef Rudolf Mengele
307: 1939;
264:University of Munich
57:Josef Rudolf Mengele
7846:Waffen-SS personnel
7791:SS-Hauptsturmführer
7412:Other nationalities
7227:Josef Schwammberger
7009:German Social Union
6960:Baldur von Schirach
6915:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
6710:SS Education Office
6594:Brown House, Munich
6460:March of the Living
6332:Holocaust survivors
6196:Vrba–Wetzler report
5972:Alexander Pechersky
5932:Mordechai Tenenbaum
5381:Alexander Palfinger
5204:Johann Schwarzhuber
4764:Międzyrzec Podlaski
4743:Lviv pogroms (1941)
4644:Sonderaktion Krakau
4181:The Climate of Hell
4156:Levin, Ira (1991).
4126:: 228–230, 239–240.
3407:Hitler: A Biography
3105:, pp. 339–340.
2997:, pp. 319–321.
2961:, pp. 89, 313.
2949:, pp. 306–308.
2799:, pp. 242–243.
2775:, pp. 178–179.
2727:, pp. 184–186.
2715:, pp. 166–167.
2679:, pp. 279–281.
2655:, pp. 142–143.
2544:, pp. 269–270.
2442:, pp. 107–108.
2430:, pp. 104–105.
2394:, pp. 88, 108.
2271:, pp. 376–377.
2110:, pp. 320–321.
2050:, pp. 358–359.
2026:, pp. 328–329.
1978:, pp. 248–249.
1910:, pp. 235–237.
1874:, pp. 104–105.
1850:, pp. 282–283.
1797:, pp. 318–319.
1450:Informational notes
1398:Grigory Mairanovsky
1294:'s medical school.
140:, São Paulo, Brazil
7721:German eugenicists
7696:Deaths by drowning
7612:Disputed / dubious
7511:list of scientists
7499:list of scientists
7489:Videla (Argentina)
7419:Tscherim Soobzokov
6737:Das Schwarze Korps
6375:West German trials
6170:Wannsee Conference
5957:Itzhak Katzenelson
5709:General Government
5194:Franz Reichleitner
5124:Fritz Hartjenstein
5114:Maximilian Grabner
5033:Bruno Streckenbach
4845:Grossaktion Warsaw
4498:Operation Reinhard
4162:. London: Bantam.
3891:. Associated Press
3852:The New York Times
3620:The New York Times
3593:Grodin, Michael A.
3525:The New York Times
3517:Lifton, Robert Jay
3260:The New York Times
3239:The New York Times
3216:The New York Times
3195:The New York Times
2811:, pp. 2, 279.
2571:, pp. 76, 82.
2382:, p. 264–265.
2346:, pp. 68, 88.
2334:, pp. 64, 68.
1862:, pp. 94, 96.
1298:Later developments
1243:
1207:Diadema, São Paulo
993:
972:
919:
806:concentration camp
794:extermination camp
782:
529:University of Bonn
259:University of Bonn
7653:
7652:
7572:
7571:
7559:Hans-Ulrich Rudel
7484:Perón (Argentina)
7462:State involvement
7434:
7433:
7288:Vjekoslav Vrančić
7268:Vjekoslav Luburić
7258:Andrija Artuković
7182:Walter Kutschmann
7135:German / Austrian
7089:
7088:
7069:Horst-Wessel-Lied
6900:Reinhard Heydrich
6890:Ernst Hanfstaengl
6629:Nuremberg rallies
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6421:
6420:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6233:
6232:
6225:Sonderaktion 1005
6099:
6098:
5782:
5781:
5760:Ypatingasis būrys
5662:
5661:
5603:Johanna Langefeld
5598:Hildegard Lächert
5494:
5493:
5330:Alfred Trzebinski
5295:Franz von Bodmann
5247:Lorenz Hackenholt
5089:Theodor van Eupen
5028:Jakob Sporrenberg
4863:
4862:
4587:
4586:
4233:Los Angeles Times
4211:978-1-5084-8899-6
4192:978-0-671-82236-1
4169:978-0-553-29004-2
4148:978-0-670-38028-2
4102:978-3-932577-97-0
4077:978-3-9811345-4-4
4044:978-0-02-897502-3
4025:978-0-631-20698-9
3959:978-0-7679-2873-1
3937:978-0-06-082581-2
3838:978-0-385-51946-5
3751:978-1-58648-303-6
3727:978-0-07-050598-8
3708:Posner, Gerald L.
3699:978-0-253-20884-2
3674:Piper, Franciszek
3648:978-1-61145-011-8
3606:978-0-19-510106-5
3576:978-0-19-280436-5
3554:978-0-465-04905-9
3508:978-1-84119-607-7
3467:978-0-688-09695-3
3443:978-0-253-20884-2
3416:978-0-393-06757-6
3283:978-0-14-311671-4
3268:Evans, Richard J.
3186:Blumenthal, Ralph
3177:978-0-917657-46-7
3156:978-0-415-77956-2
2074:, pp. 33–34.
1826:, pp. 16–18.
1672:, pp. 8, 10.
1432:The German Doctor
1162:Hans-Ulrich Rudel
1131:Efforts by Mossad
1074:in the suburb of
1015:, disguised as a
865:Prague University
863:and professor at
605:Robert Jay Lifton
391:World War II
359:
358:
7853:
7766:German torturers
7598:Simon Wiesenthal
7523:Banzer (Bolivia)
7443:
7442:
7335:Feodor Fedorenko
7217:Walter Schreiber
7212:Eduard Roschmann
7187:Johann von Leers
7132:
7131:
7116:
7109:
7102:
7093:
7092:
7032:Related articles
6985:Julius Streicher
6945:Alfred Rosenberg
6905:Heinrich Himmler
6803:
6794:
6785:
6776:
6767:
6758:
6749:
6740:
6731:
6589:Beer Hall Putsch
6532:
6525:
6518:
6509:
6508:
6387:Treblinka trials
6372:
6371:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6288:
6287:
6186:Graebe affidavit
6179:Witness accounts
6125:Frank memorandum
6110:
6109:
6005:
6004:
5992:Szmul Zygielbojm
5982:Frumka Płotnicka
5942:Leon Feldhendler
5927:Icchak Cukierman
5881:Ghetto uprisings
5811:
5804:
5797:
5788:
5787:
5732:Schutzmannschaft
5553:Feodor Fedorenko
5503:
5502:
5411:Wolfgang Birkner
5199:Heinrich Schwarz
5189:Josef Oberhauser
5164:Heinrich Matthes
5048:Dieter Wisliceny
5038:Richard Thomalla
5013:Heinz Reinefarth
4963:Heinrich Himmler
4908:
4907:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4869:
4868:
4833:Other atrocities
4470:
4469:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4280:
4275:. Archived from
4261:
4246:
4237:
4215:
4196:
4184:
4173:
4152:
4127:
4117:
4106:
4081:
4048:
4029:
3994:
3963:
3941:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3842:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3798:
3788:
3755:
3731:
3703:
3687:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3652:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3610:
3589:Annas, George J.
3580:
3563:Longerich, Peter
3558:
3546:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3519:(21 July 1985).
3512:
3490:
3471:
3447:
3431:
3420:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3355:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3294:(15 June 2020).
3287:
3263:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3188:(11 June 1985).
3181:
3160:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3128:. Archived from
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2308:Steinbacher 2005
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1896:Steinbacher 2005
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1872:Steinbacher 2005
1869:
1863:
1860:Steinbacher 2005
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1511:
1505:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1357:
1263:capture, as did
1120:Hermann Langbein
1116:Simon Wiesenthal
1109:Nuremberg trials
1062:In South America
1024:prisoners of war
1020:
948:
905:(from l. to r.)
857:Berthold Epstein
822:
813:
767:
764:Hauptsturmführer
720:
712:
709:Untersturmführer
704:
696:
688:
680:
654:
643:and territorial
623:The ideology of
593:
550:
538:
518:
507:
472:Simon Wiesenthal
407:). He performed
402:
388:
380:
379:
378:
372:
367:
355:
332:
330:
312:
310:
306:
208:SS #317,885
205: #5,574,974
186:Hauptsturmführer
156:
134:
117:
115:
96:
86:
73:
68:Angel of Death (
42:
28:
27:
7861:
7860:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7633:
7607:
7588:Beate Klarsfeld
7584:Serge Klarsfeld
7568:
7532:
7457:
7430:
7407:
7403:Herberts Cukurs
7386:
7377:Aleksander Laak
7365:
7344:
7318:
7292:
7241:
7123:
7120:
7090:
7085:
7027:
6989:
6975:Gregor Strasser
6880:Joseph Goebbels
6865:Roland Freisler
6850:Dietrich Eckart
6812:Notable members
6806:
6714:
6648:
6572:
6541:
6536:
6506:
6497:
6464:
6417:
6408:Stutthof trials
6391:
6361:
6318:
6315:
6274:
6260:Holocaust train
6229:
6213:
6201:Witold's Report
6191:Gerstein Report
6174:
6140:Katzmann Report
6120:Auschwitz Album
6095:
6034:
5996:
5962:Michał Klepfisz
5910:
5869:
5818:
5815:
5778:
5718:
5688:Ordnungspolizei
5658:
5637:
5618:Erich Muhsfeldt
5548:Margot Dreschel
5533:Alexander Bülow
5490:
5486:Udo von Woyrsch
5476:Hermann Schaper
5471:Emanuel Schäfer
5456:Josef Meisinger
5416:Helmut Bischoff
5395:
5351:Heinz Auerswald
5339:
5281:
5229:
5223:
5219:Christian Wirth
5129:Gottlieb Hering
5052:
5018:Julian Scherner
5003:Georg Michalsen
4988:Franz Kutschera
4948:Odilo Globocnik
4899:
4896:
4859:
4828:
4690:
4648:
4629:Kielce cemetery
4583:
4520:
4459:
4456:
4419:
4330:
4325:
4283:
4264:
4249:
4240:
4225:
4222:
4212:
4199:
4193:
4176:
4170:
4155:
4149:
4130:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4084:
4078:
4059:
4056:
4054:Further reading
4051:
4045:
4026:
3991:
3960:
3938:
3911:
3909:
3894:
3892:
3873:
3871:
3868:"Josef Mengele"
3856:
3854:
3839:
3812:
3810:
3752:
3728:
3700:
3678:Gutman, Yisrael
3663:
3661:
3649:
3635:Nyiszli, Miklós
3624:
3622:
3607:
3577:
3555:
3529:
3527:
3509:
3487:
3468:
3444:
3417:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3373:
3371:
3304:
3302:
3284:
3244:
3242:
3233:(1 June 1993).
3220:
3218:
3200:
3198:
3178:
3157:
3135:
3133:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2038:, p. 1747.
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1617:
1613:, pp. 6–7.
1609:
1605:
1601:, pp. 4–5.
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1552:
1544:
1531:
1523:
1514:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1373:
1330:
1300:
1235:
1213:as an officer.
1194:
1133:
1064:
985:
983:After Auschwitz
979:and shootings.
927:identical twins
899:
893:
885:War Merit Cross
774:
621:
619:Military career
512:
492:
398:
374:
373:
365:
335:
334:
331: 1958)
326:
322:
314:
311: 1954)
302:
298:
295:
294:Irene Schönbein
279:
245:
211:
136:
132:
131:7 February 1979
123:, German Empire
119:
113:
111:
103:
89:der weiße Engel
82:
69:
49:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7859:
7849:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7615:
7613:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7554:Charles Lescat
7551:
7546:
7544:Rodolfo Freude
7540:
7538:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7479:Nasser (Egypt)
7476:
7474:Franco (Spain)
7471:
7465:
7463:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7440:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:
7425:Aarne Kauhanen
7422:
7415:
7413:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7400:
7394:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7330:John Demjanjuk
7326:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7300:
7298:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7222:Horst Schumann
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7197:Hermann Michel
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7167:Adolf Eichmann
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7142:Franz Abromeit
7138:
7136:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7096:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7011:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6885:Hermann Göring
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6855:Adolf Eichmann
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6816:
6814:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6795:
6786:
6777:
6768:
6759:
6750:
6741:
6732:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6599:Denazification
6596:
6591:
6586:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6567:Martin Bormann
6564:
6558:
6551:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6535:
6534:
6527:
6520:
6512:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6474:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6450:Sobibór Museum
6447:
6442:
6437:
6431:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6369:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6328:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6291:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:Sonderkommando
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6150:Posen speeches
6147:
6145:Korherr Report
6142:
6137:
6135:Höfle telegram
6132:
6127:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5977:Witold Pilecki
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5952:Henryk Iwański
5949:
5947:Paweł Frenkiel
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5875:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5791:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5752:Arajs Kommando
5728:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5681:
5674:Einsatzgruppen
5670:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5628:Alice Orlowski
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5543:John Demjanjuk
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5441:Gerhard Flesch
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5402:Einsatzgruppen
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5344:Ghetto command
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5325:Horst Schumann
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5184:Johann Niemann
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:Hermann Michel
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5144:Karl-Otto Koch
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5084:Irmfried Eberl
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4973:Fritz Katzmann
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:Arthur Greiser
4955:
4953:Richard Glücks
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Ludwig Fischer
4935:
4930:
4928:Adolf Eichmann
4925:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4592:Mass shootings
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4579:Danzig-Matzkau
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4544:Kraków-Płaszów
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4281:
4262:
4257:Deutsche Welle
4247:
4238:
4221:
4220:External links
4218:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4197:
4191:
4174:
4168:
4153:
4147:
4128:
4107:
4101:
4082:
4076:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4030:
4024:
3995:
3989:
3973:Merriman, John
3964:
3958:
3942:
3936:
3918:
3904:Staff (2007).
3901:
3880:
3866:Staff (2009).
3863:
3843:
3837:
3819:
3799:
3771:(2): 130–133.
3756:
3750:
3736:Rees, Laurence
3732:
3726:
3704:
3698:
3670:
3653:
3647:
3631:
3611:
3605:
3585:Mozes-Kor, Eva
3581:
3575:
3559:
3553:
3536:
3513:
3507:
3491:
3485:
3472:
3466:
3448:
3442:
3421:
3415:
3399:
3380:
3356:
3322:(6): 744–748.
3311:
3300:The New Yorker
3288:
3282:
3264:
3251:
3227:
3207:
3182:
3176:
3161:
3155:
3142:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3095:
3093:, p. 339.
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3023:
3011:
3009:, p. 322.
2999:
2987:
2975:
2973:, p. 302.
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2925:, p. 296.
2915:
2913:, p. 370.
2903:
2901:, p. 317.
2891:
2889:, p. 167.
2879:
2861:
2859:, p. 586.
2849:
2837:
2835:, p. 746.
2825:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2787:, p. 224.
2777:
2765:
2763:, p. 289.
2753:
2751:, p. 223.
2741:
2729:
2717:
2705:
2703:, p. 168.
2693:
2681:
2669:
2667:, p. 162.
2657:
2645:
2643:, p. 139.
2633:
2621:
2609:
2607:, p. 121.
2597:
2595:, p. 271.
2585:
2583:, p. 261.
2573:
2561:
2559:, p. 273.
2546:
2534:
2532:, p. 112.
2522:
2520:, p. 111.
2510:
2508:, p. 167.
2495:
2483:
2481:, p. 166.
2471:
2469:, p. 267.
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2370:, p. 263.
2360:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2310:, p. 128.
2300:
2288:
2286:, p. 255.
2273:
2261:
2249:
2237:
2235:, p. 360.
2225:
2213:
2201:
2199:, p. 362.
2189:
2185:Mozes-Kor 1992
2177:
2165:
2148:
2146:, p. 350.
2136:
2134:, p. 337.
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2086:, p. 158.
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1939:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1898:, p. 109.
1888:
1886:, p. 100.
1876:
1864:
1852:
1848:Longerich 2010
1840:
1828:
1816:
1814:, p. 319.
1799:
1787:
1775:
1773:, p. 132.
1771:Longerich 2010
1763:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1725:, p. 340.
1710:
1698:
1686:
1682:Weindling 2002
1674:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1636:, p. 318.
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1565:, p. 102.
1550:
1548:, p. 320.
1529:
1512:
1510:, p. 242.
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1473:
1464:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:on their chin.
1347:
1341:
1329:
1326:
1299:
1296:
1234:
1231:
1227:Embu das Artes
1193:
1190:
1145:Adolf Eichmann
1132:
1129:
1101:pharmaceutical
1072:boarding house
1063:
1060:
1013:Czechoslovakia
984:
981:
939:Miklós Nyiszli
929:, people with
892:
889:
773:
770:
633:racial hygiene
620:
617:
547:Sturmabteilung
491:
488:
466:, Israel, and
451:at Auschwitz.
357:
356:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
324:
321:Martha Mengele
320:
319:
318:
317:
300:
296:
293:
292:
291:
290:
287:
285:
281:
280:
278:
277:
267:
261:
255:
253:
247:
246:
244:
243:
240:
235:
230:
225:
219:
217:
213:
212:
210:
209:
206:
199:
197:
195:Service number
191:
190:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
135:(aged 67)
129:
125:
124:
109:
105:
104:
102:
101:
98:
79:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7858:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7691:Combat medics
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7636:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7604:
7603:Efraim Zuroff
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7593:Eli Rosenbaum
7591:
7589:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7565:
7564:Otto Skorzeny
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7537:Other persons
7535:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7507:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7460:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:Organizations
7444:
7441:
7437:
7426:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7398:Viktors Arājs
7396:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7309:Léon Degrelle
7307:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7253:Milivoj Ašner
7251:
7250:
7248:
7244:
7238:
7237:Gustav Wagner
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7202:Erich Priebke
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7192:Josef Mengele
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7162:Alois Brunner
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7126:
7117:
7112:
7110:
7105:
7103:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7030:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6980:Otto Strasser
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6950:Bernhard Rust
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6925:Josef Mengele
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6870:Wilhelm Frick
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6717:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6660:Amt Rosenberg
6658:
6657:
6655:
6653:Party offices
6651:
6645:
6644:Thule Society
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6555:Anton Drexler
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6533:
6528:
6526:
6521:
6519:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6467:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6347:Kielce pogrom
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6312:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6165:Stroop Report
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6105:Documentation
6102:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5937:Marek Edelman
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:Organizations
5821:
5812:
5807:
5805:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5724:Collaboration
5721:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:Organizations
5665:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5613:Eduard Lorenz
5611:
5609:
5608:Anton Lechner
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:Josef Kollmer
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5563:Kurt Gerstein
5561:
5559:
5558:Hans Hoffmann
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5528:Juana Bormann
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5466:Erich Naumann
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5421:Lothar Beutel
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5391:Jürgen Stroop
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5361:Josef Blösche
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5335:Eduard Wirths
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:Josef Mengele
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:Horst Fischer
5308:
5306:
5305:Karl Gebhardt
5303:
5301:
5300:Carl Clauberg
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:Ludwig Plagge
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5262:Herbert Lange
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5242:Kurt Bolender
5240:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5214:Gustav Wagner
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5139:Franz Hössler
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:Karl Fritzsch
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5074:Wilhelm Boger
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4993:Erwin Lambert
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:Wilhelm Koppe
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4968:Hermann Höfle
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Theodor Eicke
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4634:Aktion Krakau
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:Bloody Sunday
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4526:Concentration
4523:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4474:Extermination
4471:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4453:
4448:
4446:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:The Holocaust
4340:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4122:(in German).
4121:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4046:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3907:
3902:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3869:
3864:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3486:0-435-30920-X
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3385:
3381:
3370:on 8 May 2017
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:Brooke, James
3228:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3003:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2418:, p. 95.
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2358:, p. 87.
2357:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2322:, p. 63.
2321:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2298:, p. 57.
2297:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2247:, p. 85.
2246:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2187:, p. 57.
2186:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2163:, p. 37.
2162:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2145:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2098:, p. 57.
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2062:, p. 33.
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2036:Thornton 2006
2032:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2002:, p. 27.
2001:
1996:
1990:, p. 29.
1989:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1966:, p. 78.
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1937:, p. 53.
1936:
1931:
1929:
1922:, p. 80.
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1838:, p. 27.
1837:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1791:
1785:, p. 16.
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1749:, p. 54.
1748:
1743:
1737:, p. 11.
1736:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1696:, p. 52.
1695:
1690:
1684:, p. 53.
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1648:, p. 81.
1647:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1589:, p. 12.
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1483:
1482:Gerald Posner
1477:
1468:
1459:
1455:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:Nazi eugenics
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Eva Mozes Kor
1391:
1389:
1388:Carl Clauberg
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1361:
1360:fistula auris
1356:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:In 2007, the
1295:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1202:identity card
1199:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:In May 1960,
1128:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:Vicente López
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:to travel to
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:Lower Silesia
998:
989:
980:
976:
968:
964:
959:
954:
950:
947:
946:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
916:
912:
908:
903:
898:
888:
886:
882:
881:scarlet fever
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
833:
831:
828:the hospital
826:
821:
816:
815:Eduard Wirths
812:
807:
802:
799:
795:
791:
787:
778:
769:
766:
765:
759:
755:
751:
750:Rostov-on-Don
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
727:Germanization
724:
719:
718:
711:
710:
703:
702:
695:
694:
687:
686:
679:
678:
677:Schutzstaffel
671:
669:
666:
662:
658:
653:
652:
646:
642:
641:pan-Germanism
638:
634:
630:
626:
616:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
592:
591:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
548:
542:
537:
536:
535:Der Stahlhelm
530:
526:
522:
516:
511:
506:
501:
497:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
449:Soviet forces
446:
442:
438:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
396:
392:
387:
386:
385:Schutzstaffel
377:
371:
363:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
316:
315:
289:
288:
286:
282:
275:
271:
268:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
254:
252:
248:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
218:
214:
207:
204:
201:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
187:
182:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:Schutzstaffel
159:
153:
150:
147:
143:
139:
130:
126:
122:
118:16 March 1911
110:
106:
99:
95:
90:
85:
81:White Angel (
80:
77:
72:
67:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
32:Josef Mengele
29:
26:
22:
7629:Stille Hilfe
7421:(Circassian)
7340:Mykola Lebed
7273:Ante Pavelić
7263:Anton Geiser
7232:Franz Stangl
7207:Walter Rauff
7191:
7177:Aribert Heim
7152:Klaus Barbie
7059:Nazi Germany
6970:Albert Speer
6924:
6875:Walther Funk
6840:Rudolf Diels
6830:Kurt Daluege
6820:Artur Axmann
6719:Publications
6665:Hitler Youth
6634:Röhm scandal
6561:Adolf Hitler
6206:
6130:Höcker Album
6113:Nazi sources
6001:Victim lists
5967:Miles Lerman
5774:Trawniki men
5714:Hotel Polski
5623:Detlef Nebbe
5588:Oswald Kaduk
5583:Karl Jeschke
5461:Bruno Müller
5451:Felix Landau
5436:Ernst Damzog
5431:Karl Brunner
5400:
5376:Franz Konrad
5319:
5277:Adolf Theuer
5230:executioners
5209:Franz Stangl
5179:Robert Mulka
5149:Josef Kramer
5099:Karl Frenzel
5069:Richard Baer
5064:Hans Aumeier
5057:Camp command
5043:Otto Wächter
4923:Josef Bühler
4918:Viktor Brack
4904:Perpetrators
4496:
4338:Main article
4289:
4277:the original
4270:
4255:
4231:
4201:
4180:
4158:
4139:Viking Press
4137:. New York:
4133:
4123:
4119:
4092:
4087:
4067:
4062:
4034:
4003:
3980:
3949:
3946:Walters, Guy
3926:
3910:. Retrieved
3893:. Retrieved
3889:The Guardian
3888:
3872:. Retrieved
3855:. Retrieved
3851:
3827:
3811:. Retrieved
3807:
3768:
3764:
3740:
3716:
3683:
3662:. Retrieved
3638:
3623:. Retrieved
3619:
3596:
3566:
3542:
3528:. Retrieved
3524:
3498:
3476:
3456:
3427:
3406:
3403:Kershaw, Ian
3391:. Retrieved
3372:. Retrieved
3368:the original
3360:Hier, Marvin
3319:
3315:
3303:. Retrieved
3299:
3292:Gopnik, Adam
3272:
3259:
3243:. Retrieved
3238:
3219:. Retrieved
3215:
3199:. Retrieved
3193:
3166:
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3130:the original
3125:
3113:Bibliography
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2911:Walters 2009
2906:
2899:Walters 2009
2894:
2882:
2873:The Guardian
2872:
2852:
2847:, p. 1.
2840:
2828:
2816:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2720:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2493:, p. 2.
2486:
2474:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2139:
2127:
2122:, p. 9.
2115:
2103:
2096:Nyiszli 2011
2091:
2084:Nyiszli 2011
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1935:Allison 2011
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1761:, p. 7.
1754:
1742:
1730:
1701:
1694:Allison 2011
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1646:Kershaw 2008
1641:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1430:
1423:
1383:Aribert Heim
1349:
1343:
1333:
1328:Publications
1308:Höcker Album
1301:
1284:
1275:
1264:
1249:in 1960, in
1244:
1215:
1195:
1183:
1158:
1153:Surveillance
1134:
1113:Nazi hunters
1106:
1093:
1080:Florida Este
1068:Buenos Aires
1065:
1033:
994:
977:
973:
961:
956:
951:
920:
915:Höcker Album
907:Richard Baer
873:
861:pediatrician
846:
834:
811:Standortarzt
803:
783:
731:
685:Gebirgsjäger
672:
645:expansionism
629:antisemitism
622:
609:Nazi Germany
573:
541:paramilitary
493:
468:Nazi hunters
464:West Germany
460:Buenos Aires
453:
424:anthropology
421:
361:
360:
343:Rolf Mengele
184:
178:
149:Nazi Germany
133:(1979-02-07)
94:weißer Engel
25:
7671:1979 deaths
7666:1911 births
7549:Alois Hudal
7382:Karl Linnas
7361:Carl Værnet
7314:René Lagrou
7304:Pierre Daye
7283:Dinko Šakić
7278:Ivo Rojnica
7172:Hans Eisele
7005:Strasserism
7001:Black Front
6994:Derivatives
6910:Rudolf Höss
6895:Rudolf Hess
6845:Karl Dönitz
6800:Kampfverlag
6791:Der Stürmer
6773:Der Angriff
6764:Arbeitertum
6563:(1921–1945)
6557:(1919–1921)
6250:Gas chamber
6218:Concealment
6209:photographs
6056:Gross-Rosen
6025:Lviv (Lwów)
5987:Roza Robota
5891:Częstochowa
5523:Herta Bothe
5513:Hans Anhalt
5506:Camp guards
5446:Ludwig Hahn
5426:Paul Blobel
5366:Franz Bürkl
5356:Hans Biebow
5315:Fritz Klein
5252:Josef Klehr
5237:Erich Bauer
5228:Gas chamber
5174:Karl Möckel
5159:Maria Mandl
5134:Rudolf Höss
5119:Otto Hantke
5008:Oswald Pohl
4998:Ernst Lerch
4809:Stanisławów
4719:Częstochowa
4609:Bronna Góra
4539:Gross-Rosen
4534:Auschwitz I
3977:Winter, Jay
3103:Lifton 1986
3091:Lifton 1986
3079:Aderet 2011
3031:Simons 1988
2629:Brooke 1993
2269:Lifton 1986
2257:Schult 2009
2233:Lifton 1986
2221:Brozan 1982
2197:Lifton 1986
2173:Lifton 1986
2144:Lifton 1986
2132:Lifton 1985
2108:Kubica 1998
2048:Lifton 1986
2024:Kubica 1998
1952:Lifton 1985
1812:Kubica 1998
1795:Kubica 1998
1723:Lifton 1986
1634:Kubica 1998
1575:Gopnik 2020
1546:Kubica 1998
1438:Son of Saul
1418:Shirō Ishii
1355:Der Erbarzt
1321:Marvin Hier
1287:DNA testing
1186:Zvi Aharoni
1184:Meanwhile,
1178:Serra Negra
1174:Nova Europa
1170:expatriates
1137:Isser Harel
911:Rudolf Höss
859:, a Jewish
790:labour camp
746:Wound Badge
668:master race
598:) from the
567:, a German
513: [
62:Nickname(s)
44:Mengele at
7660:Categories
7439:Assistance
7064:Nazi songs
6955:Fritz Todt
6940:Ernst Röhm
6920:Robert Ley
6860:Hans Frank
6539:Nazi Party
5573:Irma Grese
5568:Paul Götze
5538:Luise Danz
5287:Physicians
5094:Kurt Franz
4943:Hans Frank
4911:Organizers
4855:Heidelager
3990:0684314975
3912:30 January
3857:2 February
3823:Segev, Tom
3712:Ware, John
3664:2 February
3530:11 January
3495:Levy, Alan
3374:2 February
3241:. New York
3221:1 February
3201:26 January
3055:Oster 2010
2887:Segev 2010
2833:Evans 2008
2785:Astor 1985
2506:Astor 1985
2479:Astor 1985
2012:Piper 1998
1964:Astor 1985
1920:Astor 1985
1836:Astor 1985
1759:Evans 2008
1587:Astor 1985
1563:Astor 1985
1445:References
1408:Kurt Blome
1403:Hans Münch
1338:lower jaws
1233:Exhumation
1149:safe house
1056:Düsseldorf
1050:under the
895:See also:
853:gangrenous
798:selections
738:Iron Cross
651:Lebensraum
580:cleft chin
569:geneticist
525:Nazi Party
490:Early life
428:Nazi Party
405:Todesengel
251:Alma mater
145:Allegiance
114:1911-03-16
76:Todesengel
54:Birth name
7427:(Finnish)
7356:Søren Kam
7323:Ukrainian
7128:Fugitives
6782:Panzerbär
6746:Das Reich
6427:Memorials
6324:Aftermath
6091:Treblinka
6046:Auschwitz
5901:Treblinka
5886:Białystok
5874:Uprisings
5654:Treblinka
5499:Personnel
5267:Otto Moll
5257:Hans Koch
5109:Amon Göth
4840:Action T4
4804:Sosnowiec
4774:Nowy Sącz
4709:Białystok
4676:Szczuczyn
4624:Erntefest
4614:Bydgoszcz
4599:Białystok
4514:Treblinka
4390:Lithuania
3924:(2005) .
3895:24 August
3874:22 August
3637:(2011) .
3625:31 August
3497:(2006) .
3352:218586577
3336:0039-6257
3305:1 January
3067:Hier 2010
3019:Saad 2005
2971:Levy 2006
2935:Levy 2006
2923:Levy 2006
2821:Levy 2006
2761:Levy 2006
2689:Levy 2006
2677:Levy 2006
2617:Levy 2006
2593:Levy 2006
2581:Levy 2006
2557:Levy 2006
2542:Levy 2006
2467:Levy 2006
2452:Nash 1992
2380:Levy 2006
2368:Levy 2006
2284:Levy 2006
1976:Levy 2006
1908:Levy 2006
1884:Rees 2005
1706:Levy 2006
1508:Levy 2006
1492:Citations
1285:In 1992,
1260:Jerusalem
1166:São Paulo
1058:in 1954.
1036:Rosenheim
1018:Wehrmacht
784:In 1942,
772:Auschwitz
701:Waffen-SS
693:Wehrmacht
590:cum laude
561:Frankfurt
400:‹See Tfd›
395:Holocaust
348:Signature
284:Spouse(s)
189:(captain)
170:1938–1945
84:‹See Tfd›
71:‹See Tfd›
46:Solahütte
7638:See also
7453:Ratlines
7370:Estonian
7246:Croatian
6700:NSDAP/AO
6270:Zyklon B
6086:Trawniki
6081:Stutthof
6066:Majdanek
4814:Tarnopol
4754:Lubartów
4666:Jedwabne
4569:Trawniki
4559:Stutthof
4549:Potulice
4492:Majdanek
4410:Slovakia
3979:(eds.).
3948:(2009).
3825:(2010).
3795:16200161
3738:(2005).
3714:(1986).
3595:(eds.).
3565:(2010).
3405:(2008).
3362:(2010).
3344:32387532
3270:(2008).
2245:Lee 1996
1371:See also
1279:forensic
1269:and the
1223:Bertioga
1198:Caieiras
1084:Paraguay
1005:Red Army
838:Zyklon B
830:barracks
637:eugenics
496:Günzburg
484:Bertioga
470:such as
437:Red Army
403:German:
340:Children
155:Service/
138:Bertioga
121:Günzburg
87:German:
74:German:
7577:Hunters
7391:Latvian
7297:Belgian
6577:History
6255:Gas van
6071:Sobibór
6008:Ghettos
5915:Leaders
5896:Sobibor
5649:Sobibor
5642:By camp
4789:Siedlce
4696:Ghettos
4681:Tykocin
4653:Pogroms
4639:Palmiry
4564:Szebnie
4509:Sobibor
4487:Chełmno
4415:Ukraine
4400:Romania
4380:Germany
4370:Estonia
4365:Denmark
4360:Croatia
4355:Belgium
4350:Belarus
3786:1200713
3393:24 June
3126:Haaretz
1426:(novel)
1247:Kythnos
1125:Hohenau
1097:Uruguay
1040:ratline
874:When a
842:cyanide
734:Ukraine
613:Leipzig
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