739:
686:
2759:
885:
2962:
2851:
324:
646:
52:
669:, won 20%. The irregularities surrounding the elections results prompted a run-off vote between Kabila and Bemba which was held on 29 October. On 15 November, the electoral commission announced the official results and Kabila was declared the winner, with 58.05% of the vote. These results were confirmed by the Supreme Court on 27 November 2006, and Kabila was inaugurated on 6 December 2006 as the country's newly elected president. He named
587:
579:
610:, becoming the world's first head of government born in the 1970s. Aged 29, he was considered young and inexperienced. He subsequently attempted to end the ongoing civil war by negotiating peace agreements with rebel groups backed by Rwanda and Uganda, the same regional armies who had brought Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rebel group to power three years before.
657:
was held on 30 July 2006, having been delayed from an earlier date in June. The new constitution lowered the minimum age of presidential candidates from 35 to 30; Kabila turned 35 shortly before the election. In March 2006, he registered as a candidate. Although Kabila registered as an independent,
857:
Kabila's second term as president of the
Democratic Republic of Congo was due to end on 20 December 2016. A statement issued by his spokesperson on 19 December 2016, stated that Joseph Kabila would remain in post until a new president is in place following elections which will not be held until at
510:
Kabila's childhood coincided with the low point of his father's political and military career. He was raised in relative remoteness, with few records of his early days. Kabila attended a primary school organized by his father's rebel forces, before moving to
Tanzania where he completed primary and
775:
Kabila is vastly unpopular, partly because of the conflicts in the Congo, but also because of the widespread belief that he has enriched himself and his family while ignoring millions of poor
Congolese. There have been protests against his attempts to change term limits and extend his rule. Harsh
828:
announced that the election would not be held until early 2018. According to the electoral commission's vice president, the commission "hasn't called elections in 2016 because the number of voters isn't known." However, the opposition alleges that Kabila had intentionally delayed the election to
451:
Kabila's term was due to expire on 20 December 2016, according to the terms of the constitution adopted in 2006. Officials suggested that elections would be held in
November 2016, but on 29 September 2016, the nation's electoral authority announced that the election would not be held until early
904:
In late
February 2018 the ministry of international affairs of Botswana told Kabila that it was time to go and said the "worsening humanitarian situation" in DRC is compounded by the fact that "its leader has persistently delayed holding elections, and has lost control over the security of his
705:
reported that returns from almost 2,000 polling stations in areas where support for
Tshisekedi was strong had been lost and not included in the official results. They described the election as lacking credibility. On 20 December, Kabila was sworn in for a second term, promising to invest in
468:, and that Kabila had fixed the official result for the candidate most likely to be most helpful to him in the latter's post-presidency period. While in power, Joseph Kabila faced continuous wars in eastern Congo and internal rebel forces supported by the neighboring governments of
566:, in 1998. He was later, in 2000, appointed Chief of Staff of the Land Forces, a position he held until the elder President Kabila's assassination in January 2001. As chief of staff, he was one of the main military leaders in charge of government troops during the time of the
1841:
1803:
1123:
676:
In 2006, Kabila responded to evidence of widespread sex crimes committed by the
Congolese military by describing the acts as "simply unforgivable". He pointed out that 300 soldiers had been convicted of sex crimes, although he added that this was not enough.
2928:
2817:
2950:
2839:
892:
On 23 December, an agreement was proposed between the main opposition group and the Kabila government under which the latter agreed not to alter the constitution and to leave office before the end of 2017. Under the agreement opposition leader
662:(PPRD), which chose him as their candidate in the election. Although the new constitution stipulates that a debate be held between the two remaining candidates for the presidency, no debates took place and many declared this unconstitutional.
791:
in the
Democratic Republic of Congo and now an opposition figure, announced that he was running for president in an election that was supposed to be held by the end of 2016, his house was surrounded by security forces wanting to arrest him.
548:" (child soldiers) and likely played a key role in major battles on the road to Kinshasa, but his exact whereabouts during the war have been difficult to establish. Joseph Kabila appears to have been present at the liberation of
1825:
1286:
1787:
2943:
2832:
1107:
2064:
2958:
2847:
2936:
2825:
823:
calling for him to step down as legally mandated. Seventeen people were killed. Elections to determine a successor to Kabila were originally scheduled to be held on 27 November 2016. On 29 September 2016, the
2459:
1084:
825:
2712:
2672:
2095:
3094:
3114:
2574:
2000:
2429:
2545:
2363:
1041:
626:(two other vice-presidents were representatives of the civilian opposition and government supporters respectively). On 28 March 2004, an apparent coup attempt or mutiny around the capital
2489:
1215:
1155:
724:. The protests began following the announcement of a proposed law that would allow Kabila to remain in power until a national census could be conducted (elections had been planned for
622:, maintained Joseph Kabila as President and head of state of the Congo. An interim administration was set up under him, including the leaders of the country's two main rebel groups as
3139:
3134:
1931:
1864:
2310:
2399:
1494:
1456:
1437:
2705:
1060:
541:
429:
2033:
2056:
1900:
847:
More demonstrations were planned to mark the passing of the end of the presidential mandate. Opposition groups claim that the outcome of late elections would be civil war.
3099:
3084:
2341:
710:
and public services. However, Tshisekedi maintained that the result of the election was illegitimate and said that he intended also to "swear himself in" as president.
2725:
2698:
2154:
943:
1331:
2451:
717:
bishops in DR Congo also condemned the elections, complaining of "treachery, lies and terror", and calling on the election commission to correct "serious errors".
1081:
949:
In
November 2021, a judicial investigation targeting Kabila and his associates was opened in Kinshasa after revelations of alleged embezzlement of $ 138 million.
2249:
693:
In
December 2011, Kabila was re-elected for a second term as president. After the results were announced on 9 December, there was violent unrest in Kinshasa and
623:
125:
728:). By Wednesday 21 January clashes between police and protesters had claimed at least 42 lives, although the government claimed only 15 people had been killed.
2967:
2856:
909:
898:
859:
725:
665:
According to widely disputed provisional results announced on 20 August, Kabila won 45% of the vote; his main opponent, vice-president and former rebel leader
654:
453:
441:
437:
433:
452:
2018. Talk focused on the need for a census before holding elections. In August 2018, Kabila announced that he would step down and not seek reelection in the
2087:
961:, on 1 June 2006. The wedding ceremonies took place on 17 June 2006. Kabila and his wife have a daughter, born in 2001, named Sifa, after Kabila's mother.
816:
563:
339:
1263:
3119:
2682:
2665:
762:
659:
635:
261:
2721:
2640:
1990:
935:
In April 2021, President Felix Tshisekedi succeeded in ousting the last remaining elements of his government who were loyal to former leader Kabila.
642:
allegedly attempted to take power and announced on state radio that the transitional government was suspended, but were defeated by loyalist troops.
413:
67:
2421:
1371:
738:
870:
673:, who placed third in the first round of the presidential election (and then backed Kabila in the second round) as prime minister on 30 December.
3109:
2537:
2367:
2184:
1724:
1418:
1038:
2481:
1207:
1145:
1578:
2218:
2121:
1185:
1017:
1874:
2302:
607:
2389:
1923:
3129:
1491:
1453:
1434:
555:
Following the AFDL's victory, and Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rise to the presidency, Joseph Kabila went on to get further training at the
1057:
2023:
874:
854:, said that a tipping point into uncontrollable violence could come about very quickly if the political situation is not normalised.
1552:
1532:
685:
1638:
803:, in 2013, many other armed groups have splintered into dangerous movements. And by 2016 new ones had risen, like militias in the
2734:
1892:
503:, which would make him a citizen of that country. He is the son of long time rebel, former AFDL leader and president of the DRC
239:
969:
2333:
1698:
1668:
1608:
1296:
991:
in South Africa. He completed Master's programme in Political Science and International Relations through distance learning.
2279:
1967:
3104:
1765:
1513:
1475:
1399:
973:
720:
On 17 January 2015, Congo's parliament passed an electoral law requiring a census before the next elections. On 19 January
552:
where media reports identified him as commander of the rebel force that took the city after four days of intense fighting.
1321:
3124:
2584:
2146:
1353:
2511:
1257:
984:, the umbrella church for most denominations in the Congo, known within the country simply as "The Protestant Church".
2241:
932:
his main residence. The estate, located 50 km east of Kinshasa, was his second home while he was still in power.
562:
When he returned from China, Kabila was awarded the rank of major-general, and appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the
819:, President Kabila should not be allowed to serve more than two terms. On 19 September 2016, massive protests rocked
649:
The ceremonial first train on the newly reconstructed LubumbashiâKindu railway in 2004, bearing a portrait of Kabila.
394:
2606:
2961:
2850:
2786:
866:
844:, on 28 September. These actions were seen as a warning to President Kabila to respect his country's constitution.
329:
249:
2601:
491:
were born on 4 June 1971. According to official accounts, the twins were born at Hewabora, a small village in the
3079:
735:
announced in October 2015 that he would leave the ruling party due to disagreements over the scheduled election.
556:
302:
2758:
2118:"UN News - Political polarization in DR Congo may spark 'large-scale violence,' UN envoy warns Security Council"
416:
between January 2001 and January 2019. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, President
2882:
2592:
1247:
916:, his former interior minister. On January 10, 2019, the electoral commission announced opposition candidate
3043:
3008:
2690:
461:
3028:
2242:"Botswana has urged the president of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Joseph Kabila, to step down"
1375:
884:
3089:
2796:
2633:
2579:
2394:
1734:
988:
504:
417:
306:
158:
142:
1415:
2176:
981:
913:
634:(who had been ousted by Kabila's father in 1997 and died in the same year), failed. On 11 June 2004,
515:, Kabila posed as a Tanzanian in his school years to avoid detection by Zairean intelligence agents.
2612:
761:. Document leaks in 2016 revealed that she is a part-owner of a major Congolese television company,
2117:
1570:
105:
3018:
2210:
1177:
1007:
3048:
833:
721:
464:
since independence. Independent observers felt Tshisikedi had lost heavily to another candidate,
138:
3074:
1995:
615:
2897:
697:, where official tallies showed that a strong majority had voted for the opposition candidate
1288:
Dancing in the glory of monsters : the collapse of the Congo and the great war of Africa
987:
In July 2021, Joseph Kabila finished his master's degree, getting the certification from the
2917:
2912:
2569:
894:
698:
3069:
1869:
8:
3038:
1549:
1529:
977:
958:
841:
767:
533:
479:
In 2021, it was reported that Kabila embezzled over $ 138 million during his presidency.
298:
273:
2806:
2650:
917:
457:
170:
3023:
2364:"Felix Tshisekedi's Newly-Independent Agenda for the DRC: Modernizer or Strongman 2.0?"
1326:
850:
Maman Sidikou, the Secretary-General's Special Representative for DR Congo and head of
611:
110:
1630:
2978:
1833:
1795:
1302:
1292:
1253:
1115:
929:
800:
666:
146:
1865:"Africa loses more money to illicit financial flows than it receives in foreign aid"
2776:
2748:
2743:
1690:
1660:
1631:"Carter Center: DRC Presidential Election Results Lack Credibility (press release)"
1600:
964:
As Kabila is Protestant and Lembe di Sita is Catholic, the wedding ceremonies were
804:
788:
631:
619:
567:
512:
445:
421:
365:
177:
732:
731:
The Senate responded to protests by striking the census requirement from its law.
3003:
2983:
2596:
2271:
1953:
1757:
1556:
1536:
1517:
1498:
1479:
1460:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1088:
1064:
1045:
743:
670:
537:
425:
408:
134:
97:
2872:
1510:
1472:
1396:
2088:"Democratic Republic of the Congo 'faces civil war' if president fails to quit"
862:
707:
595:
492:
235:
118:
114:
101:
20:
511:
secondary school. Due to his father's status as an enemy of Zairean strongman
3063:
3033:
3013:
2998:
2993:
2907:
2902:
2892:
2887:
1837:
1799:
1357:
1306:
1150:
1119:
784:
758:
754:
702:
488:
465:
2720:
2515:
938:
In May 2021, Tshisekedi called for a review of mining contracts signed with
878:
795:
Although Kabila's forces have scored an important victory against one large
645:
2482:"DRC: Investigation opens on Joseph Kabila over $ 138 million embezzlement"
2028:
1208:"DRC: Investigation opens on Joseph Kabila over $ 138 million embezzlement"
653:
In December 2005, a partial referendum approved a new constitution, and a
586:
83:
51:
2602:
Democratic Republic of the Congo â Permanent Mission to the United Nations
544:(AFDL). Joseph Kabila became the commander of an AFDL unit that included "
2867:
869:
in which at least 40 people were killed. Under articles 75 and 76 of the
747:
714:
599:
591:
873:, should the office of the president become vacant, the Chairman of the
832:
Partially in response to the delayed election, the United States issued
499:, in eastern DRC. Rumors have abounded that Kabila was actually born in
2390:"DRC's Tshisekedi has secured his power base: now it's time to deliver"
1356:. RDCongo â Site Officiel du PrĂ©sident de la RĂ©publique. Archived from
965:
837:
777:
694:
639:
496:
293:
245:
858:
least April 2018. Kabila subsequently installed a new cabinet led by
796:
549:
186:
2452:"China Cash Flowed Through Congo Bank to Former President's Cronies"
1725:"UPDATE 2-Congo protests enter third day, rights group says 42 dead"
810:
2589:
2272:"Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary: Kabila's choice for DR Congo president"
1958:
1068:
1012:
820:
627:
529:
500:
2422:"Congo Reviews $ 6.2 Billion China Mining Deal as Criticism Grows"
1991:"Congo Election Body Proposes Two-Year Wait for Presidential Vote"
1729:
1492:"Frontrunners need alliances for 2nd round of presidential polls"
1093:
851:
545:
24:
2211:"Congo nears deal under which Kabila to leave power by end 2017"
2024:"US imposes sanctions on top DRC officials after election delay"
1246:
Gates, Henry Louis; Akyeampong, Emmanuel; Niven, Steven (2012).
1082:
Congo ex-leader Kabila's coalition wins decisive senate majority
722:
protests led by students at the University of Kinshasa broke out
578:
528:
Following high school, Kabila followed a military curriculum in
2303:"Surprise Winner Of Congolese Election Is An Opposition Leader"
1924:"Home of Congo Presidential Challenger Is Surrounded by Police"
1178:"Congo voting data reveal huge fraud in poll to replace Kabila"
912:
to determine the successor to Kabila was held. Kabila endorsed
630:, allegedly by members of the former guard of former president
542:
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire
536:
in Uganda. In October 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila launched the
473:
469:
3115:
Children of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2057:"Clashes in Kinshasa leave 50 dead, say DRC opposition groups"
380:
2767:
939:
897:
will oversee that the deal is implemented and the country's
412:; born 4 June 1971) is a Congolese politician who served as
3095:
People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy politicians
2968:
2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election
2857:
2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election
606:
Kabila rose to the presidency on 26 January 2001 after the
386:
2538:"DR Congo ex-President Joseph Kabila gets Master's degree"
2301:
Gonzales, Richard; Schwartz, Matthew S. (9 January 2019).
2147:"DRC: President Joseph Kabila to stay on, says government"
3140:
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians
3135:
20th-century Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians
2607:
DR Congo presidential candidates face off in second round
1963:
1761:
1601:"DR Congo election: Questions hang over Kabila's victory"
371:
1989:
Wilson, Thomas; Mbatha, Amogelgang (29 September 2016).
1354:"Bref Apercu Biographique du Président de la République"
1058:
DR Congo Celebrates New President, Keeps Sharp Eye on Ex
2334:"Life after power: Joseph Kabila, the gentleman farmer"
888:
Kabila casting his ballot in the 2018 general elections
2512:"Solennel mariage religieux du président Joseph Kabil"
1826:"An old ally of Joseph Kabila leaves the ruling party"
1252:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 246â50.
1691:"Catholic bishops condemn DR Congo presidential poll"
1661:"DR Congo President Joseph Kabila begins second term"
1530:"Joseph Kabila sworn in as Congo's elected president"
395:
368:
1954:"DR Congo election: 17 dead in anti-Kabila protests"
1550:"Congo names opposition veteran, 81, prime minister"
1245:
817:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
564:
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
428:
ended the war as the president of the country's new
383:
377:
340:
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
303:
People's Liberation Army National Defense University
3100:
Democratic Republic of the Congo military personnel
1571:"Congo president on military rapes: 'Unforgivable'"
1146:"Joseph Kabila says he will not run again in Congo"
1039:
CIA World Leaders, Democratic Republic of the Congo
881:would assume the presidency in an acting capacity.
424:. He was allowed to remain in power after the 2003
374:
3085:Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1454:"Elections to be held on 30 July, polls body says"
1278:
2722:President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2641:President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1758:"DR Congo unrest: Catholic church backs protests"
942:by Kabila, especially the Sicomines multibillion
811:2016 delayed election and extension of presidency
440:for a second term. Since stepping down after the
414:President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
68:President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3061:
2609:Jane's Intelligence Watch Report, 22 August 2006
2300:
2120:. United Nations News Service. 11 October 2016.
2086:Maclean, Ruth; Burke, Jason (10 November 2016).
871:Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Congo
742:Trilateral meeting with U.S. Secretary of State
1893:"In Congo, Wars Are Small and Chaos Is Endless"
660:People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
262:People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
928:Since leaving the presidency, Kabila has made
836:against two members of Kabila's inner circle,
2944:
2833:
2706:
2673:Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the DRC
1322:"A Fallen City, Seeking Peace, Greets Rebels"
444:, Kabila, as a former president, serves as a
2585:Official website of the President of the DRC
2209:Ross, Aaron; Cocks, Tim (23 December 2016).
2085:
1886:
1884:
1372:"Presidency of Democratic Republic of Congo"
968:; they were officiated by both the Catholic
1718:
1716:
1416:"Congo National Troops Thwart Coup Attempt"
776:demonstrations erupted on 20 April 2016 in
538:campaign in Zaire to oust the Mobutu regime
523:
482:
80:17 January 2001 â 24 January 2019
16:President of the DR Congo from 2001 to 2019
3120:Democratic Republic of the Congo Anglicans
2951:
2937:
2840:
2826:
2713:
2699:
614:signed at the Inter-Congolese Dialogue in
573:
487:Joseph Kabila Kabange and his twin sister
50:
2331:
2208:
2177:"Kabila refuses to step down amid unrest"
1921:
1890:
1881:
1249:Dictionary of African Biography, Volume 2
1138:
757:, the sister of Kabila, was named in the
2204:
2202:
1862:
1713:
1568:
1319:
1313:
1291:. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 310.
883:
737:
684:
644:
585:
577:
2239:
2141:
2139:
1755:
1284:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
3110:Democratic Republic of the Congo twins
3062:
2332:Boisselet, Pierre (3 September 2019).
2124:from the original on 25 September 2017
1074:
608:assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila
2932:
2821:
2694:
2548:from the original on 11 November 2022
2344:from the original on 22 November 2021
2221:from the original on 10 December 2018
2199:
2157:from the original on 25 February 2021
2098:from the original on 11 November 2016
2054:
2021:
2003:from the original on 21 November 2020
1581:from the original on 14 November 2020
1266:from the original on 27 February 2023
901:will be appointed by the opposition.
807:that have killed hundreds of people.
407:
2613:For Congo's Leader, Middling Reviews
2492:from the original on 7 December 2021
2462:from the original on 7 December 2021
2432:from the original on 7 December 2021
2402:from the original on 7 December 2021
2313:from the original on 10 January 2019
2282:from the original on 12 January 2019
2240:Mumbere, Daniel (26 February 2018).
2187:from the original on 20 October 2021
2136:
1891:Gettleman, Jeffrey (30 April 2016).
1844:from the original on 3 December 2017
1806:from the original on 3 December 2017
1768:from the original on 21 January 2015
1749:
1722:
1641:from the original on 1 December 2017
1230:
1218:from the original on 7 December 2021
1008:"Joseph Kabila Takes Power In Congo"
2067:from the original on 2 October 2022
2036:from the original on 1 October 2016
1946:
1934:from the original on 1 October 2022
1903:from the original on 1 October 2022
1701:from the original on 1 January 2018
1671:from the original on 1 January 2018
1611:from the original on 4 January 2018
1511:"Kabila named DR Congo poll winner"
1397:"Arrests after DR Congo 'coup bid'"
1020:from the original on 19 August 2016
923:
86:: 17 January 2001 â 26 January 2001
13:
2252:from the original on 7 August 2022
2055:Burke, Jason (20 September 2016).
2022:Burke, Jason (28 September 2016).
1334:from the original on 17 April 2016
1188:from the original on 31 March 2023
1158:from the original on 9 August 2018
1126:from the original on 23 April 2016
1080:Bujakera, Stanis (15 March 2019).
974:Cardinal Frederic Etsou Bamungwabi
944:'minerals-for-infrastructure' deal
14:
3151:
3130:University of Johannesburg alumni
2563:
1970:from the original on 16 June 2018
1922:Gettleman, Jeffrey (5 May 2016).
1756:Jullien, Maud (21 January 2015).
1473:"DR Congo poll deadline extended"
1435:"Coup attempt foiled in Kinshasa"
1320:McKinley, James (17 March 1997).
1056:Powell, Anita (24 January 2019).
780:, one of Congo's biggest cities.
772:, through offshore subsidiaries.
432:. He was elected as president in
2960:
2849:
2787:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2757:
2590:Joseph Kabila 2011 campaign site
952:
540:with his newly formed army, the
364:
322:
250:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2570:Joseph Kabila, The Untold Story
2530:
2504:
2474:
2444:
2414:
2382:
2356:
2325:
2294:
2264:
2233:
2169:
2110:
2079:
2048:
2015:
1982:
1915:
1856:
1818:
1780:
1723:Ross, Aaron (21 January 2015).
1683:
1653:
1623:
1593:
1562:
1542:
1523:
1504:
1485:
1466:
1447:
1428:
1409:
1390:
1364:
1346:
557:PLA National Defense University
282:
2777:Joseph Mobutu/Mobutu Sese Seko
2514:. 17 June 2006. Archived from
1988:
1569:Koinange, Jeff (1 June 2006).
1200:
1170:
1100:
1050:
1032:
1000:
701:. Official observers from the
680:
454:December 2018 general election
1:
2366:. 26 May 2021. Archived from
1520:, BBC News, 15 November 2006.
994:
658:he is the "initiator" of the
31: and the post-surname is
3044:Jonas Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba
3009:Pierre Pay-Pay wa Syakasighe
2151:International Business Times
1559:, Reuters, 30 December 2006.
1071:. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
826:nation's electoral authority
618:, which nominally ended the
462:peaceful transition of power
7:
3105:People of the M23 rebellion
1539:, Reuters, 6 December 2006.
920:as the winner of the vote.
10:
3156:
3125:Makerere University alumni
989:University of Johannesburg
980:â presiding bishop of the
307:University of Johannesburg
143:Abdoulaye Yerodia Ndombasi
18:
3029:GĂ©rard Kamanda wa Kamanda
2974:
2883:François Nicéphore Kakese
2863:
2785:
2766:
2755:
2733:
2679:
2670:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2638:
2630:
2625:
1863:Lily Kuo (4 April 2016).
1425:, VOA News, 11 June 2004.
1097:. Accessed 21 March 2019.
982:Church of Christ in Congo
914:Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary
908:On December 30, 2018 the
787:, the former governor of
518:
353:
345:
335:
317:
312:
292:
267:
257:
215:
210:
206:
194:
183:
176:
164:
152:
124:
91:
73:
65:
61:
49:
42:
1497:20 November 2006 at the
1459:23 November 2006 at the
1440:23 November 2006 at the
1421:10 December 2007 at the
612:The 2002 peace agreement
524:Guerrilla and army years
483:Early life and education
106:Louis Alphonse Koyagialo
1555:14 January 2008 at the
1535:6 December 2006 at the
1516:3 December 2017 at the
1501:, IRIN, 22 August 2006.
1478:3 December 2017 at the
1402:3 December 2017 at the
1285:Stearns, Jason (2011).
1063:25 January 2019 at the
689:2011 election billboard
574:First presidential term
460:in the country's first
430:transitional government
3080:People from South Kivu
2615:by Jeffrey Gettleman,
2595:19 August 2019 at the
1996:Bloomberg BusinessWeek
970:Archbishop of Kinshasa
889:
751:
746:and Rwandan President
690:
650:
616:Sun City, South Africa
603:
583:
456:. He was succeeded by
420:in the context of the
3019:EugĂšne Diomi Ndongala
2797:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
2735:Republic of the Congo
2634:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
2428:. 28 September 2021.
1966:. 19 September 2016.
1482:, BBC, 24 March 2006.
1444:, IRIN, 11 June 2004.
1406:, BBC, 29 March 2004.
1087:21 March 2019 at the
910:presidential election
887:
741:
688:
655:presidential election
648:
590:Kabila in 2002, with
589:
581:
559:, in Beijing, China.
505:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
418:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
409:[ÊozÉfkabila]
360:Joseph Kabila Kabange
220:Joseph Kabila Kabange
159:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
3049:Arthur Z'ahidi Ngoma
2488:. 24 November 2021.
2458:. 28 November 2021.
2278:. 18 December 2018.
2183:. 20 December 2016.
2153:. 20 December 2016.
1667:. 20 December 2011.
1637:. 10 December 2011.
1607:. 10 December 2011.
1360:on 10 February 2009.
1214:. 24 November 2021.
139:Arthur Z'ahidi Ngoma
3039:Guy-Patrice Lumumba
2580:BBC Country Profile
2518:on 19 December 2008
2398:. 27 October 2021.
1697:. 13 January 2012.
1463:, IRIN, 1 May 2006.
1184:. 15 January 2019.
978:Pierre Marini Bodho
959:Olive Lembe di Sita
842:Gabriel Amisi Kumba
534:Makerere University
497:South Kivu Province
299:Makerere University
274:Olive Lembe di Sita
3024:Banyingela Kasonga
2966:Candidates in the
2918:Ătienne Tshisekedi
2913:Josué Alex Mukendi
2855:Candidates in the
2626:Political offices
2617:The New York Times
1928:The New York Times
1897:The New York Times
1737:on 21 January 2015
1327:The New York Times
1044:6 May 2009 at the
895:Ătienne Tshisekedi
890:
752:
699:Ătienne Tshisekedi
691:
651:
604:
584:
507:and Sifa Mahanya.
436:and re-elected in
240:Congo-LĂ©opoldville
111:Matata Ponyo Mapon
3090:Senators for life
3057:
3056:
2979:Jean-Pierre Bemba
2926:
2925:
2815:
2814:
2768:Republic of Zaire
2689:
2688:
2683:Sylvestre Lwetcha
2680:Succeeded by
2658:Military offices
2648:Succeeded by
2338:The Africa Report
1877:on 17 April 2016.
1298:978-1-61039-107-8
1154:. 8 August 2018.
1108:"Will Kabila go?"
829:remain in power.
815:According to the
713:In January 2012,
667:Jean-Pierre Bemba
357:
356:
147:Jean-Pierre Bemba
3147:
2965:
2964:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2807:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
2761:
2744:Joseph Kasa-Vubu
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2663:Preceded by
2651:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
2631:Preceded by
2623:
2622:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2544:. 19 July 2021.
2542:The East African
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2472:
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2467:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2395:The Conversation
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:on 27 April 2022
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2329:
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2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2052:
2046:
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2043:
2041:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1873:. Archived from
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1733:. Archived from
1720:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1657:
1651:
1650:
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1616:
1597:
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1586:
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1546:
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1489:
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1464:
1451:
1445:
1432:
1426:
1413:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1374:. Archived from
1368:
1362:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1282:
1276:
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1223:
1204:
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1174:
1168:
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1165:
1163:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1104:
1098:
1078:
1072:
1054:
1048:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1004:
924:After presidency
918:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
789:Katanga Province
771:
763:Digital Congo TV
750:, September 2012
632:Mobutu Sese Seko
620:Second Congo War
568:Second Congo War
513:Mobutu Sese Seko
458:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
446:senator for life
422:Second Congo War
411:
406:
399:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
328:
326:
325:
313:Military service
286:
284:
253:
233:
229:
227:
211:Personal details
199:
178:Senator for life
171:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
167:
155:
131:
94:
87:
78:
54:
40:
39:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3004:Azarias Ruberwa
2984:Antoine Gizenga
2970:
2959:
2957:
2927:
2922:
2859:
2848:
2846:
2816:
2811:
2789:
2781:
2762:
2753:
2729:
2719:
2685:
2676:
2668:
2653:
2644:
2636:
2597:Wayback Machine
2575:Rape in the DRC
2566:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2536:
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2099:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1882:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1788:"To Con or Go?"
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1754:
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1714:
1704:
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1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1563:
1557:Wayback Machine
1547:
1543:
1537:Wayback Machine
1528:
1524:
1518:Wayback Machine
1509:
1505:
1499:Wayback Machine
1490:
1486:
1480:Wayback Machine
1471:
1467:
1461:Wayback Machine
1452:
1448:
1442:Wayback Machine
1433:
1429:
1423:Wayback Machine
1414:
1410:
1404:Wayback Machine
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1378:on 24 June 2016
1370:
1369:
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1267:
1260:
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1221:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1182:Financial Times
1176:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
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1139:
1129:
1127:
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1101:
1089:Wayback Machine
1079:
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1065:Wayback Machine
1055:
1051:
1046:Wayback Machine
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1006:
1005:
1001:
997:
957:Kabila married
955:
926:
865:, resulting in
813:
765:
744:Hillary Clinton
683:
671:Antoine Gizenga
624:vice-presidents
576:
526:
521:
485:
426:Pretoria Accord
404:
397:
367:
363:
323:
321:
305:
301:
288:
285: 2006)
280:
276:
258:Political party
243:
242:
234:
231:
225:
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195:
190:
165:
153:
145:
141:
137:
135:Azarias Ruberwa
129:
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117:
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109:
104:
100:
98:Antoine Gizenga
92:
82:
81:
79:
74:
57:
45:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3142:
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2837:
2830:
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2809:
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2799:
2793:
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2790:(1997âpresent)
2783:
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2779:
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2764:
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2756:
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2752:
2751:
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2718:
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2695:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2669:
2666:CĂ©lestin Kifwa
2664:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2619:, 4 April 2009
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2587:
2582:
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2565:
2564:External links
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2014:
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1297:
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1259:978-0195382075
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930:Kingakati farm
925:
922:
899:Prime Minister
863:Samy Badibanga
860:prime minister
812:
809:
708:infrastructure
682:
679:
596:George W. Bush
582:Kabila in 2003
575:
572:
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493:Fizi Territory
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115:Samy Badibanga
102:Adolphe Muzito
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93:Prime Minister
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56:Kabila in 2016
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3075:Living people
3073:
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3034:Roger Lumbala
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3017:
3015:
3014:Antipas Mbusa
3012:
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2999:Oscar Kashala
2997:
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2994:Nzanga Mobutu
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2908:Nzanga Mobutu
2906:
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2903:Antipas Mbusa
2901:
2899:
2896:
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2893:Oscar Kashala
2891:
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2888:Vital Kamerhe
2886:
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2878:Joseph Kabila
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2800:
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2749:Joseph Mobutu
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2018:
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1830:The Economist
1827:
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1792:The Economist
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2645:2001â2019
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