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and three applicants were shortlisted, including Belušić. Field tests were scheduled for
December 1889, and, in the end, Belušić's device was chosen because, in addition to measuring speed, it accurately reported the departure time of the carriage, how many times and for how long the carriage stopped.
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Little is known about Belušić's later life. He had become a professor of physics and mathematics at the teacher-training college of Koper, where he worked until 1900, and later the director of a maritime school in Italy. It remains unclear, however, where he spent his last years. Some speculate that
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In 1875, having finished his studies, he was employed as a professor of physics and mathematics at the imperial teacher-training school of Koper, where he taught to the school's male students. Belušić taught both in German and
Italian. According to a 1900 report from the Imperial and Royal Academy of
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At the same time, the city council of Paris announced a public tender for monitoring the transportation service offered by city carriages. The council was determined to put an end to the constant doubts over the honesty of the coachmen. One hundred twenty-nine inventors applied for the competition,
497:
In the U.S. Patent Office's archives there is a copy of the original patent, a patent application dated
December 16, 1890, and a report from the Patent Commission showing that fifty-six foreign inventors were included in the office's database in 1890. Among those registered in that year, under the
359:
In the school year 1865/66, Belušić completed the 6th grade. In that year, 161 students attended the grammar school, of which 149 were
Italians and 12 were Slavs. According to the official census and the directory from that year, Josip Belušić was especially praised in the 6th grade, and his class
448:
The official presentation of Belušić's invention and the first experiment took place in 1887. A second test, in late
February 1889, was attended by four journalists who actively participated in the experiment on the route Trieste - Sveti Bartol. During the experiment, the carriage stopped several
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It is a small apparatus that, as a faithful servant, controls every move which the coachman makes with the horses and the carriage entrusted to him. Through electricity, this machine records whether the carriage is standing or moving and how fast it is moving; when the carriage began to move, and
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He then became the director of the
Maritime School of Castelnuovo, near Trieste, and received the title of assistant professor in that institution. In all documentary record, it is always stated that "Josip Belušić from St. Martin near Labin," was a Croatian and a Catholic. The same documentation
493:
Belušić did not benefit of much funding, so his work fell into oblivion. Documents from the State
Archives of Trieste testify to the founding of a company with the aim of presenting Belušić's invention in Paris, as well as Belušić's financial trouble and problems with his business partner.
449:
times; the journalists got out of the carriage and entered it again. On the way back to
Trieste, they looked at what the velocimeter had registered. The journalists were delighted with the accuracy of the device, which recorded all the actions taken by the carriage on round-format paper.
436:
when it stopped. In addition, it records whether the carriage was empty or whether there was a person in it; further, it states how many people were aboard, at what time each person entered the carriage and got out of it; thence, how many minutes each person rode in the carriage.
480:, because his device had other functions beside measuring speed. As mentioned, his device used electrical energy, measured the speed of the vehicle, and recorded the driving time and standing of the vehicle, the number of passengers and the passengers' time of entry and exit.
526:. The Exposition attracted twenty-eight million visitors and over sixty-eight thousand exhibitors, including many of the world's noted inventors and artists of the day. Although the main attractions of the exposition were the premiere of the
275:
Belušić's invention was also the first monitoring device in history, a forerunner of measuring monitoring devices used today in trucks, buses and taxis. Thus, Belušić is also credited as the father of monitoring and surveillance devices.
355:
and mathematics were studied in all eight grades. Elective courses included Slavic language, drawing and poetry, and starting from 1901 physical education. Slavonic as an elective course was introduced in the school programme in 1867.
452:
The velocimeter electronically measured the speed of the vehicle, the duration of the ride, and the standing of the car; the number of carried individuals, and the passengers' time of entry and exit. Thus, Belušić's device was also a
266:, and over 120 patents were registered to compete. His design won as the most precise and reliable and was accepted in June 1890. Within a year, a hundred devices were installed on Parisian carriages. In 1889, the Croatian newspaper
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also shows that in 1875, when he was employed at the
Academy, he was a bachelor. Belušić later did marry. However, no further information about his family has been uncovered. It remains unclear where and how he died.
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wrote about a new invention by
Professor Belušić, for which he was granted property right by the sovereign authority of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Foretelling a bright future, Belušić reportedly stated:
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from the Province and 40 forints from the provincial governorship. His conduct, grades and attendance were assessed as impeccable throughout his higher education. His courses were Latin,
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336:). In Pazin, the school's priests who tended to him were the first to notice his talent for the natural sciences. Belušić later enrolled in the Higher State Gymnasium of Koper.
229:. After completing his studies, Belušić was employed as a professor of physics and mathematics at the Royal School of Koper. Later, he became director of the Maritime School of
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It remains unclear how Belušić's invention wound up. As mentioned, the inventor probably had to invest more money to perfect his invention, and later put it on the market.
1142:
Babuder, Giacomo (1866). "Atti dell' I. R. ginnasio superiore di Capodistria, Anno scolastico 1865 - 66" (Document). Tipografi adi Giuseppe Tondelli. pp. 48–68.
851:
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Little is known about Belušić's early life. He was born to Marin Belušić and Katarina Ružić. Belušić spent his childhood in Županići, and was educated in nearby
534:(by far the largest vaulted building to have yet been built), Belušić's velocimeter also drew attention. Belušić was awarded a diploma and gold medal by the
347:. In the upper grades, there were also elective courses in the Slavic language. As a state grammar school, the institution was loyal to the Monarchy and the
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It is not known how Belušić's invention wound up. The inventor probably had to invest more money to perfect his invention and then put it on the market.
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903:
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1472:Černjul, Valter (2001). "Istranin izumio brzinomjer, Naši ljudi i krajevi" [An Istrian invented the Speedometer; Our People and Regions].
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Johan Markelj, Bericht der K.K. Lehrerbildungs- Austalt in Capodistria veröffentlicht am schlusse des schuljares 1899. / 1900., pp. 72; 89.
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1320:"A copy of the patent of the tachograph of the Labin inventor Josip Belušić at the exhibition "Driving and traffic, please!" in Koprivnica"
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than Labin, and in fact today it is part of the former's municipality. There is some debate surrounding Belušić's place of death, with the
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patent application number 442849, there is Professor Belušić. Belušić's witnesses for his patent were Edmund J. Ussen and Otto Schiffer.
1131:"Arhivska građa iz Pokrajinskog arhiva u Kopru; preslik Imenika 6. i 8. razreda Više gimnazije u Kopru" (Document). županja kopra. 1866.
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Giacomo Babuder, Atti dell' I. R. ginnasio superiore di Capodistria, Anno scolastico 1865/66., Tipografia di Giuseppe Tondelli, 1866.
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1422:"Les compteurs de voitures de place" (Document). La science illusttrée, Journal hebdomadaire. 30 November 1889. pp. 133–135.
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The original patent is kept in the State Archives of Vienna. A copy of the patent is also housed at the Police Museum in
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predicted that " will spread all over the world, and with it the name of our virtuous Istrian, friend and patriot."
1074:"HRVATSKA SVIJETU Na izložbi i prvi ribar na svijetu, otac nadzorne kamere te izumitelj "zaslužan" za treću smjenu"
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312:. He died on January 8, 1905. Belušić was 57 years old at the time of his death. He was an ethnic Croat born in
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Koper, Professor Belušić passed the professional exam for obtaining the title of professor in Trieste.
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Bericht der K.K. Lehrerbildungs- Austalt in Capodistria veröffentlicht am schlusse des schuljares
473:. For this reason, Belušić is also considered the father of monitoring and surveillance devices.
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1261:Černjul, Valter (2001). "Istranin izumio brzinomjer" (Document). Franine i Jurine. p. 87.
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In 1887 Belušić publicly experimented for the first time with his new invention, an electric
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Belušić applied for a patent with the State Patent Office of Vienna in 1888, under the name
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Copy of patent application for rental vehicle monitoring device, 1888, Police Museum, Zagreb
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680:"Josip Belušić izumio je velocimetar – brzinomjer, tahograf i taksimetar u jednom (1847.)"
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Belušić was born on March 12, 1847, in the small village of Županići, on the outskirts of
8:
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1153:"Pokrajinski arhiv Kopar, Elenco di gimnnasia superiore" (Document). županja kopra. 1900.
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The Koper high school had eight classes. The official languages of the institution were
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904:"Josip Belušić, an Istrian who invented the speedometer in 1888 and changed the world"
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Belušić's official US patent with description and pictures at Google Patents
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before coming back to Istria, where he built his best known invention, the
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and the opening of the colossal pavilion built for the exhibition, the
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the Croatian inventor sold his patent rights due to poverty. The
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735:""A New Invention",Naša sloga, n.9" (Document). Trieste, Italy:
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During his high school education, Belušić also earned himself a
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Centuries of Inventions: Encyclopedia and History of Inventions
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1400:. Istarsko književno društvo sv. Cirila i Metoda. p. 406
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262:. In the same year, the Municipality of Paris announced a
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844:"Uređaj koji mjeri brzinu vožnje auta izumio je Istranin"
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970:"Znate li čime su sve Hrvati zadužili suvremeni svijet?"
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1441:[Josip Belušić - Inventor of the Speedometer]
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Copy of the velocimeter patent, 1888, Police Museum,
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Josip Belušić at the Croatian Technical Encyclopedia
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1212:"Naša sloga n. 9". Naša sloga. 7 February 1889: 3–4.
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1453:(15). Ministry of Internal Affairs, Croatia: 48–49.
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1107:"Josip Belušić - Labin inventor of the speedometer"
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940:"Compteur de vitesse: saviez-vous qu'il a 130 ans?"
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360:finished with the best results in the class rank.
1378:Bulletin des lois de l'Empire français, Volume 41
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426:On February 7, 1889, the Croatian newspaper
250:Belušić exhibited his invention at the 1889
1459:Sur les traces des Expositions Universelles
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1072:Patricia Kiš Terbovc (11 February 2021).
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178:(March 12, 1847 – January 8, 1905) was a
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854:from the original on February 15, 2021
808:The Wheel: Inventions and Reinventions
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756:A Field Guide to Automotive Technology
686:from the original on February 15, 2021
648:from the original on February 15, 2021
636:"Belušić, inventor of the speedometer"
607:from the original on February 14, 2021
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280:Birth date, death date and nationality
1439:"Josip Belušić – Izumitelj tahografa"
759:. Chicago Review Press. p. 78.
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328:(5 miles northeast of Županići) and
217:. Belušić continued his studies in
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510:Postcard of trams stopping at the
478:Controllore automatico per vetture
260:Controllore automatico per vetture
14:
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1487:
1397:Hrvatski narodni preporod u Istri
558:reports that he died in Trieste.
1437:Jamičić, Željko (January 2008).
1273:The Electrical Engineer, Vol. 10
601:Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija
240:. The invention was patented in
165:
1544:Physicists from Austria-Hungary
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556:Croatian Technical Encyclopedia
514:, at the edge of the Exposition
391:. As elective courses he chose
306:Croatian Technical Encyclopedia
1549:Inventors from Austria-Hungary
1183:"Today Was Born Josip Belušić"
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502:Exposition Universelle of 1889
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122:Višu državnu gimnaziju u Kopru
1:
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89:Uncertain location, possibly
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16:Croatian inventor (1847–1905)
1048:Croatian Heritage Foundation
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536:French Academy of Inventors
520:1889 Exposition Universelle
10:
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1457:Ageorges, Sylvain (2006),
1461:(in French), Parigramme.
1348:"US442849A United States"
813:Columbia University Press
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1293:Jamičić, Željko (2006).
320:Early life and education
1277:New York Public Library
1244:Lucendo, Jorge (2020).
1164:Markelj, Johan (1900).
787:Figuier, Louis (1891).
294:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1225:Cite journal requires
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252:Exposition Universell
73:(present-day Croatia)
1447:Mir Ugled Povjerenje
1279:. 1892. p. 707.
532:Galerie des machines
512:Galerie des Machines
126:University of Vienna
1539:Croatian physicists
1534:Croatian scientists
950:on 14 February 2021
292:, then part of the
201:, in the region of
1519:People from Istria
1514:Croatian inventors
1476:(in Croatian): 87.
1052:Indiana University
1019:on 31 January 2020
1013:genius croatia.com
902:Ivanjko, Gordana.
803:Richard W. Bulliet
739:. 9 February 1889.
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446:
424:
367:. He received 100
264:public competition
244:under the name of
209:, and schooled in
1168:. pp. 72–89.
1043:Matica, Volume 25
944:L'Est Républicain
938:Jouvin, Bernard.
644:. 12 March 2016.
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