595:
authority to dismiss
Supreme Court judges for virtually no reason, an authority that President Mohamoud used in 2011 when he dismissed eight sitting Supreme Court justices. According to a 2016 study on the state of the Somaliland judiciary, among the primary reasons for the judiciary's inefficiency and lack of independence were a lack of funding, multiple and conflicting laws concerning the judiciary, and an unclear role of the judiciary as defined in the constitution. The Law on the Organization of the Judiciary, which is the most recent substantial attempt at judicial reform, was passed in two different forms in both 2003 and 2008 and since both were technically ratified by both houses of Parliament and approved by the President, they both still govern the judicial system today. These laws contain several contradictory or unclear sections, and though a third law aiming to consolidate the two previous ones is currently being written, it has yet to be put into law.
337:
civil law. In this capacity it also addresses concerns over the validity of national elections. Second, it acts as the constitutional court, addressing issues of constitutional interpretation and application. Finally, in impeachment cases brought against ministers of the government it functions as the High Court of
Justice, overseeing the trial and calling for the removal of ministers if found guilty. The High Court of Justice consists of five members of the Supreme Court and four additional members selected two each from the two houses of Parliament.The impeachment process for the President or Vice-President, while overseen by the Chief Justice, is administered by parliament rather than the Supreme Court itself.
33:
1843:
173:
2427:
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443:
The constitution also mandated the formation of a judicial commission (sometimes called the High
Judicial Council), an organization tasked with overseeing the lower civilian courts of Somaliland. This body is in charge of promoting or dismissing judges of the lower courts as well as deputy attorneys
336:
is the highest court of the judiciary and consists of a chief judge and at least four other associate judges. The supreme court acts in three different capacities. First it is the final appellate court and as such it can hear cases remanded to it by lower courts concerning all issues of criminal or
594:
Much criticism has been aimed at the
Somaliland judiciary, mainly for its inefficiency and unequal application of the law. In addition, the judiciary is viewed as being too heavily dominated by outside forces, including the Executive and Legislative Branches. One example of this is the President's
585:
is appointed by the
President and approved by the House of Representatives. In addition to broadly administering and facilitating justice throughout Somaliland, the Attorney General is responsible for submitting charges against members of the judiciary for removal, prosecuting national legislators
311:
halted all progress. From 1993 to 1997, the Borama
Charter mandated the formation of a newly independent judiciary that used pre-1969 laws. Since the ratification of the Somaliland Constitution in 1997 the legal system has consisted of a mix of three legal frameworks, with judges alternatively
1525:
1440:
1280:
602:. From 2012–2016 the Ministry of Justice in Somaliland implemented a four-year training program to train law school graduates for entrance into the judiciary. In addition, there have been numerous
1300:
252:. Though there are no official Shariah courts in Somaliland, the state courts uphold Shariah. In addition to Sharia, Somaliland courts also use a form of British colonial law and traditional
1892:
324:
The five levels of courts in
Somaliland are: the Supreme Court, the Appeal Courts of the Regions, the Regional Courts, the District Courts, and the Courts of the National Armed Forces.
139:
283:
After formally receiving control of
Somaliland from Egypt in 1884, British colonizers introduced a British common law based on the legal system they had implemented in colonial India.
1058:
299:, Somaliland did not have its own independent legal system until its independence. Despite this, the lower courts of the Somaliland region still used British colonial law until 1977.
1551:
582:
1598:
1594:
1172:
1590:
1260:
245:, the judiciary is responsible for overseeing and interpreting the law. It comprises the national and district courts as well as the attorney general and his deputies.
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The
Regional, Regional Appeals, and District Courts are all administered by the Judicial Commission and deal with all manners of civil and criminal law.
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307:
After
Somaliland declared its independence from Somalia in 1991, the courts were governed for a short time using Italian practices until fighting in
201:
902:
1762:
1219:
388:
Removed by President Mohamoud after Ali allegedly ordered the arrest of Gulled Ahmed Jama, the head of the Somaliland Human Rights Commission
2082:
1636:
980:
2072:
1032:
Battera, Federico (2001). "The Evolution and Integration of Different Legal Systems in the Horn of Africa: the Case of Somaliland".
2145:
1904:
1787:
1742:
248:
A combination of a number of separate legal traditions, the Somaliland legal system is primarily based on traditional Islamic
2138:
521:
194:
1649:
1212:
275:, or traditional tribal law. This law was applied by clan elders in addition to Shariah law applied by Islamic scholars.
598:
There have, however, been many attempts at reform, especially since the 2015 appointment of reform-minded Chief Justice
2234:
435:
The Courts of the National Armed Forces hear criminal cases brought against armed forces members during peace or war.
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1931:
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187:
54:
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117:
829:
2318:
2281:
2224:
1963:
1772:
1315:
1205:
1106:
Bendaña, Alejandro (Mar 2013). "Women's Rights, State-Centric Rule of Law, and Legal Pluralism in Somaliland".
940:
782:
112:
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1004:
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333:
92:
72:
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2087:
2057:
1842:
1732:
1622:
1355:
242:
159:
880:
Adam, Hussein M. (1994). "Formation and Recognition of New States: Somaliland in Contrast to Eritra".
2401:
2214:
2184:
2092:
1465:
1455:
2128:
2077:
1782:
1470:
1360:
1290:
1087:
Ali, Nasir M. (Feb 2014). "Somaliland: Curbing Corruption and the Quest for Effective Governance".
2408:
2308:
2303:
2267:
2150:
2116:
2062:
1968:
1851:
1797:
1340:
1275:
775:
Concepts of Law: Comparative, Jurisprudential, and Social Science Perspectives (Juris Diversitas)
2386:
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1405:
370:
2348:
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2052:
1985:
1877:
1872:
1802:
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956:
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1712:
1490:
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1410:
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accused of crimes, and bringing forth charges against cabinet ministers of the government.
606:
that have produced reports on reform and proposed ideas for how to improve the judiciary.
8:
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2371:
2356:
2249:
1975:
1882:
1767:
1727:
1500:
1495:
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798:
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1752:
1707:
1692:
1485:
1395:
1285:
936:
778:
177:
40:
830:"The Ministry of Justice Training Program of Law graduates and the Judiciary Sector"
2381:
377:
1941:
1936:
1909:
1887:
1702:
227:
219:
2366:
1777:
1697:
642:
933:
Rethinking the foundations of the State, an analysis of post-crisis situations
701:
2455:
2013:
1919:
599:
393:
2293:
1998:
1682:
1144:
Walls, Michael (June 2011). "Somaliland: progress, state and outsiders".
1197:
2361:
1956:
1951:
1924:
1645:
253:
235:
1614:
935:. Bruxelles, Belgium: Editions juridiques Bruylant. pp. 163–176.
1946:
1914:
1677:
1672:
840:
2018:
1897:
269:
Before colonization the territory that is now Somaliland relied on
296:
1125:
Kaplan, Seth (July 2008). "The Remarkable Story of Somaliland".
2008:
2003:
308:
249:
1059:"Report of the Functional Review of the High Judicial Council"
865:
Poore, Brad (2009). "Somaliland: Shackled to a Failed State".
1993:
1687:
675:"Somaliland's quest to enforce rule of law | DW | 25.05.2016"
278:
2104:
271:
981:"Somalia: Somaliland leader fires High Court Chief Judge"
1723:
Postage stamps and postal history of British Somaliland
430:
1005:"Somaliland oo ansixisay Gudoomiyaha Maxkamadda sare"
302:
589:
799:"British Somaliland | historical region, Somalia"
286:
2453:
1763:List of colonial governors of British Somaliland
643:"The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland"
837:Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention
312:applying Sharia law, British colonial law, and
1089:Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies
869:. Winter 2009: 117–150 – via HeinOnline.
745:Academy for Peace and Development – Somaliland
259:
1630:
1213:
910:Knowledge Platform Security & Rule of Law
195:
474:Two Most Senior Judges of the Supreme Court
903:"Improving Access to Justice in Somaliland"
1637:
1623:
1220:
1206:
1173:"The State of the Judiciary in Somaliland"
534:Nominated by the House of Representatives
504:Chairman of the Civil Services Commission
319:
279:British Colonization (1884 – World War II)
202:
188:
1227:
777:. New York: Routledge. pp. 237–249.
422:
55:Ministry of Justice and Judicial Affairs
1644:
1105:
1031:
930:
2454:
1743:Italian invasion of British Somaliland
1124:
772:
438:
1618:
1201:
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1143:
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1027:
1025:
897:
895:
867:Stanford Journal of International Law
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879:
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623:
621:
619:
494:Director of the Ministry of Justice
1146:Review of African Political Economy
1133:: 143–157 – via Project Muse.
1086:
882:Review of African Political Economy
738:"The Judicial System in Somaliland"
576:
431:Courts of the National Armed Forces
295:in 1960 to create the new state of
291:After being joined with the former
264:
231:
19:This article is part of a series on
13:
1156:
1044:
1022:
892:
702:"Reforming Somaliland's Judiciary"
539:Person knowledgeable of tradition
14:
2478:
815:
723:
691:
664:
616:
559:Nominated by the House of Elders
464:Chief Judge of the Supreme Court
303:After Independence (1991 – Today)
140:List of law schools in Somaliland
2435:
2426:
2425:
1841:
1526:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1296:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1108:Hague Journal on the Rule of Law
839:. September 2016. Archived from
590:Criticism and Attempts at Reform
327:
171:
31:
1137:
1118:
1099:
1080:
997:
973:
949:
924:
448:Somaliland Judicial Commission
234:)is the judicial branch of the
118:Solicitor General of Somaliland
873:
858:
791:
766:
583:Attorney-General of Somaliland
371:Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Silanyo
287:As part of Somalia (1960–1991)
113:Attorney General of Somaliland
1:
1114:: 44–73 – via ProQuest.
773:Donlan, Seán Patrick (2016).
609:
232:السلطة القضائية في صوماليلاند
1758:1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion
1152:: 335–343 – via JSTOR.
1040:: 1–39 – via ProQuest.
747:. April 2002. Archived from
7:
1788:Declaration of Independence
334:Supreme Court of Somaliland
260:History of the Legal System
93:Chief Justice of Somaliland
73:Supreme Court of Somaliland
10:
2483:
1733:Somaliland campaign (1920)
957:"Somaliland Supreme Court"
888:: 21–38 – via JSTOR.
160:Constitution of Somaliland
2421:
2347:
2289:
2280:
2210:
2201:
2048:
2044:
2035:
1984:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1839:
1811:
1665:
1656:
1539:
1514:
1233:
2462:Government of Somaliland
2139:House of Representatives
1281:Central African Republic
931:Dijkema, Claske (2012).
522:House of Representatives
363:August 2006 – June 2011
1798:2022 Waheen Market fire
803:Encyclopedia Britannica
341:List of chief justices
320:Structure of the Courts
216:judiciary of Somaliland
25:Judiciary of Somaliland
1748:Somaliland Camel Corps
398:June 2015 – Incumbent
223:
1803:Outline of Somaliland
1738:1922 Burao Tax Revolt
1441:São Tomé and Príncipe
1301:Republic of the Congo
1228:Judiciaries of Africa
1180:The Horizon Institute
1066:The Horizon Institute
961:www.somalilandlaw.com
423:Lower Civilian Courts
369:Removed by President
360:Mohamed Hirsi Ismael
241:Mandated by the 1997
178:Somaliland portal
1969:Sa'ad ad-Din Islands
1713:Habr Yunis Sultanate
1127:Journal of Democracy
224:Garsoorka Somaliland
2073:Diplomatic missions
1773:War of Independence
1768:State of Somaliland
1728:Somaliland campaign
1516:States with limited
600:Adan Haji Ali Ahmed
449:
439:Judicial Commission
401:President Mohamoud
394:Adan Haji Ali Ahmed
385:President Mohamoud
342:
2258:Telecommunications
1718:British Somaliland
553:Religious Scholar
447:
382:2011 – April 2015
340:
293:Italian Somaliland
2467:Law of Somaliland
2449:
2448:
2417:
2416:
2276:
2275:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2146:Political parties
2122:Somaliland Police
2068:Foreign relations
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
1837:
1836:
1783:National Movement
1753:Somaliland Scouts
1708:Battle of Berbera
1693:Sultanate of Ifat
1612:
1611:
1543:other territories
1316:Equatorial Guinea
574:
573:
545:Nominated by the
520:Nominated by the
484:Attorney General
420:
419:
212:
211:
41:Law of Somaliland
2474:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2329:Independence Day
2287:
2286:
2253:
2208:
2207:
2112:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1845:
1663:
1662:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1604:
1603:(United Kingdom)
1599:Tristan da Cunha
1595:Ascension Island
1587:
1574:
1565:
1541:Dependencies and
1234:Sovereign states
1222:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1191:
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1177:
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1116:
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1103:
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1063:
1055:
1042:
1041:
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1020:
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1016:
1001:
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994:
992:
991:
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971:
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953:
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946:
928:
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919:
917:
907:
899:
890:
889:
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871:
870:
862:
856:
855:
853:
851:
846:on 25 March 2020
845:
834:
826:
813:
812:
810:
809:
795:
789:
788:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
754:on 24 March 2020
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718:
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671:
662:
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647:
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577:Attorney-General
450:
446:
378:Yusuf Ismail Ali
366:President Kahin
343:
339:
265:Pre-Colonization
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204:
197:
190:
176:
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107:Legal profession
35:
34:
16:
15:
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2413:
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2324:Public holidays
2299:National emblem
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2251:
2189:
2134:House of Elders
2106:
2023:
1980:
1910:Golis Mountains
1905:Mountain ranges
1888:Greater Somalia
1846:
1833:
1807:
1703:Isaaq Sultanate
1652:
1643:
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1100:
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1071:
1069:
1068:. December 2015
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1056:
1045:
1030:
1023:
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1009:BBC News Somali
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528:Businessperson
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85:Criminal courts
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2163:Vice-President
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2016:
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1793:Border dispute
1790:
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1778:Isaaq genocide
1775:
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1698:Adal Sultanate
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1552:Canary Islands
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1021:
996:
972:
948:
941:
923:
891:
872:
857:
814:
790:
783:
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722:
711:. January 2006
709:United Nations
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2334:Calling code
2304:Demographics
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2088:Human rights
2058:Constitution
1999:Maroodi Jeex
1683:Land of Punt
1591:Saint Helena
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1466:South Africa
1456:Sierra Leone
1261:Burkina Faso
1184:. Retrieved
1179:
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1082:
1070:. Retrieved
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988:. Retrieved
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914:. Retrieved
909:
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848:. Retrieved
841:the original
836:
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749:the original
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713:. Retrieved
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682:. Retrieved
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215:
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67:Civil courts
24:
2215:Agriculture
2185:Visa policy
1518:recognition
1471:South Sudan
1361:Ivory Coast
1182:. June 2016
1011:(in Somali)
250:Shariah law
2456:Categories
2372:Literature
2252:(currency)
2129:Parliament
2078:Government
1957:Dul Madoba
1952:Buur Dhaab
1925:Buur Dhaab
1893:Waterfalls
1666:Chronology
1646:Somaliland
1573:(Portugal)
1531:Somaliland
1451:Seychelles
1416:Mozambique
1401:Mauritania
1386:Madagascar
1341:The Gambia
1276:Cape Verde
1015:2020-03-26
990:2020-03-26
966:2020-03-26
942:2802735136
808:2020-03-26
784:1138637688
684:2020-03-26
652:. May 2001
610:References
349:In office
254:common law
236:Somaliland
2409:Languages
2309:Education
2268:Transport
2250:Shilling
2230:Companies
2175:Ministers
2151:President
2100:Judiciary
2083:Embassies
2063:Elections
1947:Cal Madow
1937:Shimbiris
1932:Mountains
1915:Cal Madow
1852:Geography
1678:Dhambalin
1673:Laas Geel
1406:Mauritius
467:Chairman
444:general.
2431:Category
2387:Religion
2225:Airports
2117:Military
2037:Politics
2019:Togdheer
1898:Lamadaya
1883:Wildlife
1824:Military
1819:Maritime
1812:By topic
1650:articles
1597: /
1593: /
1586:(France)
1580: /
1558: /
1554: /
1506:Zimbabwe
1481:Tanzania
1331:Ethiopia
1326:Eswatini
1306:Djibouti
1271:Cameroon
1256:Botswana
1186:26 March
1095:: 54–65.
1072:26 March
916:26 March
850:26 March
758:26 March
715:26 March
650:Refworld
477:Members
409:Sources:
2367:Cuisine
2349:Culture
2319:Library
2282:Society
2263:Tourism
2203:Economy
2053:Cabinet
1986:Regions
1964:Islands
1878:Geology
1873:Climate
1658:History
1582:Réunion
1578:Mayotte
1569:Madeira
1564:(Spain)
1560:Melilla
1491:Tunisia
1461:Somalia
1446:Senegal
1431:Nigeria
1421:Namibia
1411:Morocco
1376:Liberia
1371:Lesotho
1321:Eritrea
1291:Comoros
1266:Burundi
1241:Algeria
565:Source:
556:Member
542:Member
531:Member
517:Member
507:Member
497:Member
487:Member
297:Somalia
2441:Portal
2392:Sports
2294:Anthem
2240:Energy
2180:Mayors
2009:Sanaag
2004:Saaxil
1868:Cities
1829:Postal
1648:
1601:
1584:
1571:
1501:Zambia
1496:Uganda
1436:Rwanda
1391:Malawi
1351:Guinea
1246:Angola
939:
912:. 2019
781:
679:DW.COM
656:26 Mar
459:Notes
453:Title
355:Notes
309:Borama
228:Arabic
220:Somali
154:Others
2402:Games
2382:Music
2377:Media
2245:Ports
1994:Awdal
1976:Caves
1942:Golis
1688:Malao
1556:Ceuta
1476:Sudan
1426:Niger
1381:Libya
1366:Kenya
1346:Ghana
1336:Gabon
1311:Egypt
1251:Benin
1176:(PDF)
1062:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
844:(PDF)
833:(PDF)
752:(PDF)
741:(PDF)
705:(PDF)
646:(PDF)
456:Rank
346:Name
2397:Team
2314:Flag
2168:List
2156:List
2109:Xeer
2105:Law
2093:LGBT
2014:Sool
1486:Togo
1396:Mali
1286:Chad
1188:2020
1074:2020
937:ISBN
918:2020
852:2020
779:ISBN
760:2020
717:2020
658:2020
604:NGOs
581:The
332:The
314:xeer
272:xeer
214:The
2362:Art
2235:EEZ
2458::
1178:.
1158:^
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