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them with hunger; such threat was also used to break down strike at his factory. Workers in his factory faced financial fines and payments In 1886 report by
Russian authorities pointed out that Kunitzer's factory which employed 860 workers, had no first aid room where a doctor could help or examine an injured worker. Kunitzer's factories were also among two with lowest wages in Łódż and there was already a failed attempt to assassinate him in 1893. Kunitzer himself consequently acted against workers.
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117:, he invested in a construction of a new factory, which began operations in the following year. In partnership with Ludwik Meyer, in 1874, he bought the Hentschl's factory, damaged by the fire, and operated the "Kunitzer i Meyer" company. In 1879 he withdrew from that partnership, built cotton industry in the village of
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Kunitzer was a polarizing personality and career. Known among Łódź's elites as a shrewd businessman, "cotton king" who became a tycoon due to his personal skills and luck, respected for this and his philanthropy and other public initiatives, for others – particularly radicals and socialists, he was a
148:). He also had investments outside Polish territories, for example in Russia, where he was involved in the iron mining and steelworking. He was also involved in philanthropy, and presided for many years over the Łódzkie Chrześcijańskie Towarzystwo Dobroczynności (Łódź Christian Society of Goodwill).
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in which he refused any concessions to the workers. One of the assailants (Adolf Szulc) was captured; the second one escaped. The assailant confessed that hundreds of poverty stricken workers who were victims of
Kunitzer were his motivation for the attack. His assassination became the topic of the
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He was hated by the workers in Łódż, due to his particularly vicious treatment of employees in his factories, and due to fact that he remained in close contact and cooperated with
Russian authorities Kunitzer often denied his workers their salaries in order to "teach them reason" which threatened
144:(the Koleje Elektryczne Łódzke S.A. and Łódzkie Wąskotorowe Elektryczne Koleje Dojazdowe S.A. stock companies) and in coal import company (Konsorcjum Węglowe "Kunitzer et Co."). He was a member of the board of many organizations (such as the
125:. Over the next few decades his factory complex expanded, with a dedicated railway line, worker's housing (150 homes), a hospital, a school, church, shops, and other buildings, which saw Widzew transformed from rural village to a
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Niepodległość, Volume 17, Instytut
Badania Najnowszej Historji Polski (Warsaw, Poland), Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego Poświęcony Badaniu Najnowszej Historii Polski (London, England), page 185,Pilsudski Institute of America,
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day for Polish and
Russian newspapers; the event was condemned by conservative media, and praised by the radical, socialist ones. His funeral on 3 October that year gathered thousands of people. He was buried at the
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90:). His family had roots in German burgher society, and moved to the Polish territories in the 1830s Kunitzer described himself as a Pole, including during a public speech to Russian businessmen in
50:. He owned a textile and later a joint stock company. His viciousness towards workers and cooperation with Russian authorities gained him notoriety among Łódż citizens. He was assassinated by
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in 1855. He joined the E. Hentschl's factory, quickly advancing to a managerial position. In 1869 he married
Agnieszka Meyer, sister of the industrialist
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In 1906 Heinzel & Kunitzer employed 3,343 workers. The Widzew enterprise was bought by
Heinzel and Italians Tanfani and Farinola.
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Polacy-Niemcy-Żydzi w Łodzi w XIX-XX w:sąsiedzi dalecy i bliscy Paweł Samuś,page 224 1997
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Ilustrowana encyklopedia historii łodzi, Urząd Miasta Łodzi, nr IV / 1, page 198
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at
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by profession, died in 1850, after which
Juliusz with his mother moved to
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373:"Bunt łódzki" 1892 roku: studia z dziejów wielkiego konfliktu społecznego
346:"Bunt łódzki" 1892 roku: studia z dziejów wielkiego konfliktu społecznego
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vicious exploiter of workers and a leader of anti-labor industrialists.
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102:. Young Kunitzer became a weaver, following his father's footsteps.
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Polish industrialist, activist, and philanthropist (1843–1905)
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Deutsche
Geschichte im Osten Europas: Land der grossen Ströme
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321:, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1965, Tom 2, page 23
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which caused a brief sensation. His father, Jakub, a
136:Heinzel & Kunitzer factory, Łódź-Widzew (2011)
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159:Kunitzer's mausoleum at the Old Cemetery of Łódź
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512:People assassinated in the 20th century
376:. Wydawn. Uniw. Lódzkiego. p. 64.
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427:(in German). Siedler. p. 313.
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482:Assassinated German people
477:Assassinated Polish people
423:Rogall, Joachim (1996).
207:Kunitzer – król Widzewa
258:JULIUSZ KAROL KUNITZER
169:1905 Łódź insurrection
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396:Stefan Pytlas, 1994,
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370:Paweł Samuś (1993).
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263:27 July 2011 at the
113:. Using his wife's
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305:Bolesław Leśmian,
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66:Biography
32:‹See Tfd›
261:Archived
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119:Widzew
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96:weaver
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