157:
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22:
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940:) was officially replaced by the Vistula land as a province of the Russian Empire, as many sources still use the term Congress Poland for the post-1864 period. The sources are also unclear as to when the Kingdom of Poland (or Vistula land) officially ceased to exist; some argue it ended with the assumption of control by the German and Austro-Hungarian occupying authorities; others, that it ended with the proclamation of the
174:
1025:"Kingdom of Poland after the January Uprising: the name Kingdom of Poland was replaced, in official documents, by the name of Vistula land." However the same article also inconsistently states: "After the revolution 1905-1907 in the Kingdom of Poland" and "In the years 1914-1916 the Kingdom of Poland became...".
556:
The 1867 reform, initiated after the failure of the
January Uprising, was designed to tie the Kingdom of Poland more tightly to the administration structure of the Russian Empire. It divided larger governorates into smaller ones and introduced a new lower-level entity,
1019:"Królestwo Polskie po powstaniu styczniowym: Nazwę Królestwa Polskiego zastąpiła, w urzędowej terminologii, nazwa Kraj Przywiślański." "Po rewolucji 1905-1907 w Królestwie Polskim ..." "W latach 1914-1916 Królestwo Polskie stało się...".
964:
Mimo wprowadzenia oficjalnej nazwy Kraj Przywiślański terminy Królestwo
Polskie, Królestwo Kongresowe lub w skrócie Kongresówka były nadal używane, zarówno w języku potocznym jak i w niektórych publikacjach.
815:
972:
Despite the introduction of the official name
Vistula Land, terms such as, Kingdom of Poland, Congress Poland, or in short Kongresówka were still in use, both in everyday language and in some publications.
156:
1245:
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793:
801:
1000:
after the fall of the uprising the last elements of autonomy of the
Kingdom of Poland (including the name) were abolished, transforming it into the "Vistula land";
1727:
936:
in 1864, the autonomy of
Congress Poland was drastically reduced. However, they disagree on whether the state of the Kingdom of Poland (colloquially known as
1757:
722:
1052:
under German and Austro-Hungarian occupation from 1915 to 1918; K.P was finally abolished after the creation of the Second Polish
Republic in November 1918
1073:
The name of the kingdom was changed to
Vistula Land, which was reduced to a tsarist province; it lost all autonomy and separate administrative institutions
1737:
1722:
1752:
1085:
The name of the territory, which had been
Congress Poland, was changed to the more innocuous Vistula Land. Vistula Land was administered by Russians;
823:
1097:
The name of Poland ceased to be used by the
Russian authorities, who designated the region once occupied by the kingdom as the "Vistula Country"
753:. The Russians also evicted and deported hundreds of thousands of the area's inhabitants whom they suspected of collaborating with the enemy.
1112:
Juliusz
Bardach i Monika Senkowska-Gluck (ed.). T. III: od rozbiorów do uwłaszczenia. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1981, p. 67.
679:
in Russian)—from parts of the Siedlce and Lublin Governorates. However this was split off from the Privislinsky Krai and made part of the
992:
po upadku powstania zlikwidowano ostatnie elementy autonomii Królestwa Pol. (łącznie z nazwą), przekształcając je w "Kraj Przywiślański";
483:
For a short time the territory maintained certain degree of autonomy. The former Kingdom of Poland continued to use the Polish currency (
789:
1747:
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Od Wielopolskiego do Stronnictwa Polityki Realnej zwolennicy ugody z Rosją, ich poglądy i próby działalności politycznej (1864–1905).
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476:) and local self-administration were disbanded. The constitution was replaced by the much less liberal and never fully implemented
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The name Vistula Land first appeared in official documents in 1888 although more recent scholarship traced it back to 1883.
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was persecuted and most monasteries were closed and nationalized. In 1839, following the Synod of Polotsk, the
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retained some of its privileges (although it was directly controlled by the Russian governor Field Marshal
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1915–18 pod okupacją niem. i austro-węgierską; K.P. przestało istnieć po powstaniu II RP (XI 1918).
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was banned from office and education and the process of incorporation of the Polish gubernias and
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in 1916; finally, some argue that it occurred only with the creation of the independent
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and became an integral part of Russian administrative division, ruled directly by the
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Alison Fleig Frank, Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia , 2005
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occupied the area (1915); subsequently, they proposed the establishment of the
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Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical and Spatial Organization
417:(1863–1864) as it was increasingly stripped of autonomy and incorporated into
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Russian Poland, Lithuania and Courland was officially yielded on terms of the
1716:
1354:
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Great War, Total War: Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front, 1914-1918
773:
772:), effectively ceded all Polish territories it had formerly possessed to the
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Polen, Deutsche und Juden in Lodz 1820 - 1939. Eine schwierige Nachbarschaft
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reoccupied the territory and counterattacked into Russian Poland in the
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Dynamic of Destruction: Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War
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Russia lost control of the region in 1915, during the course of the
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Sammlung historischer Landkarten zur deutsch-polnischen Geschichte
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1148:(1 ed.). Harrow, England: Pearson Longman. pp. 21–30.
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Polen und der Osten. Texte zu einem spannungsreichen Verhältnis
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A minor reform of 1893 transferred some territory from the
473:
173:
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671:. A more extensive 1912 reform created a new governorate—
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Post-Soviet Political Order: Conflict and State Building
526:
that constituted the Kingdom of Poland were turned into
709:
initially expanded Russian control of Poland after the
496:
1299:(Denken und Wissen. Eine Polnische Bibliothek. Band 7)
1285:
Deutschland, Rußland und die polnische Frage (Auszüge)
591:)—and the remaining five on the left bank: Калишская (
392:
1132:
Warszawa: Wydział Historyczny UW, 1990, pp. 208-209.
621:
Despite the abolition of the Kingdom of Poland, the
645:In the 1880s, the official language was changed to
653:was banned both from official use and education.
1714:
737:. During the Imperial Russian Army's subsequent
421:. It also continued to be formally known as the
503:(which was replaced by the Russian penal code,
1728:States and territories disestablished in 1915
1339:
809:
89:
1758:1915 disestablishments in the Russian Empire
1173:German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial
104:
783:
545:of the Congress Kingdom was abandoned, the
507:in use since the Uprising began). Also the
1738:Governorates-General of the Russian Empire
1723:States and territories established in 1867
1346:
1332:
816:
802:
790:Administrative division of Congress Poland
640:Namestniks and Governor Generals of Poland
172:
1753:1867 establishments in the Russian Empire
932:Sources agree that after the fall of the
713:scored a series of early defeats against
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
478:Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland
433:) until the fall of the Russian Empire.
409:from 1867, following the defeats of the
405:), was the name applied to the lands of
357:
29:This article includes a list of general
1031:Królestwo Polskie, Królestwo Kongresowe
1715:
1603:Historical and prehistoric inhabitants
1167:
1165:
1327:
797:
625:retained the title "Tsar of Poland".
616:coat of arms of the Kingdom of Poland
553:of its administration was completed.
515:disbanded itself and united with the
470:Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland
178:Russian map of Vistula Land from 1896
1563:Third Millennium John Paul II Bridge
1199:, Cambridge University Press, 2000,
15:
1162:
13:
1516:General Stefan Grot-Rowecki Bridge
1267:
1219:Barnett R. Rubin, Jack L. Snyder,
926:
78:1867–1915 name for Congress Poland
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1769:
1572:Channels and artificial waterways
1353:
1310:
1277:. Stuttgart: Reclam 2003 (Quelle)
1249:, Oxford University Press, 2007,
768:, Russia (by then embroiled in a
460:In 1831, in the aftermath of the
444:, it was officially ceded to the
1748:1915 disestablishments in Poland
1683:(likely named after the Vistula)
1195:Roger Chickering, Stig Förster,
1110:Historia państwa i prawa Polski.
825:
567:: five on the right bank of the
314:
300:
286:
261:
155:
141:
20:
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1175:, Yale University Press, 2001,
1158:– via Archive Foundation.
756:As the Russians retreated, the
1306:, Osnabrück: fibre Verlag 1996
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1189:
1135:
1122:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
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741:, it looted and abandoned the
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1:
1743:1867 establishments in Poland
1531:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Bridge
1059:
687:, in order to facilitate its
296:Military Government of Lublin
1171:John N. Horne, Alan Kramer,
618:was abolished at this time.
448:under the terms of the 1918
282:Government General of Warsaw
7:
901:
393:
10:
1774:
787:
749:policy adopted during the
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942:Regency Kingdom of Poland
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701:Poland during World War I
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83:
1650:Vistula delta Mennonites
1291:. Hrg. Andrzej Chwalba,
1275:Kleine Geschichte Polens
918:
784:Administrative divisions
745:, trying to emulate the
735:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
723:occupied Eastern Galicia
1546:Silesian–Dąbrowa Bridge
1142:Robson, Stuart (2007).
1108:Wojciech Bartel et al.
766:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
517:Russian Orthodox Church
450:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
364:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
50:more precise citations.
1676:Vistula–Oder offensive
1302:Hensel, Jürgen (ed.):
946:Second Polish Republic
489:Administrative Council
430:
402:
367:
220:• Disestablished
105:
1671:Vistula–Bug offensive
1501:Anna Jagiellon Bridge
727:Austro-Hungarian Army
711:Imperial Russian Army
699:Further information:
634:until 1875 and later
513:Greek Catholic Church
440:. Following the 1917
361:
1558:Świętokrzyski Bridge
983:Encyklopedia Interia
979:POWSTANIE STYCZNIOWE
831:Governorates of the
764:. In the March 1918
731:Imperial German Army
725:. Within a year the
628:The territory was a
1521:John Paul II Bridge
1273:Manfred Alexander:
1259:Google Print, p.151
1223:, Routledge, 1998,
1209:Google Print, p.160
1185:Google Print, p. 83
1145:The First World War
948:in 1918. Examples:
636:Governorate General
210:• Established
1702:Vistula University
1589:Vistula Spit canal
1536:Poniatowski Bridge
1233:Google Print, p.43
669:Warsaw Governorate
665:Łomża Governorates
587:) and Люблинская (
472:, its parliament (
442:October Revolution
394:Privislinskiy kray
383:Привислинский край
368:
91:Привислинский край
1710:
1709:
1615:Przeworsk culture
1551:Solidarity Bridge
1506:Cross-City Bridge
1494:Notable crossings
1155:978-1-4058-2471-2
1011:Encyklopedia WIEM
1007:Królestwo Polskie
898:
897:
762:Kingdom of Poland
743:Kingdom of Poland
681:Southwestern Krai
673:Chełm Governorate
599:), Петроковская (
462:November Uprising
431:Królestwo Polskie
423:Kingdom of Poland
411:November Uprising
403:Kraj Nadwiślański
391:
356:
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106:Kraj Nadwiślański
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1681:Vistula, Indiana
1664:Related articles
1625:Lusatian culture
1620:Wielbark culture
1541:Siekierki Bridge
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607:) and Келецкая (
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539:January Uprising
415:January Uprising
413:(1830–1831) and
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1594:Bydgoszcz Canal
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1268:Further reading
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595:), Варшавская (
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547:Polish language
522:After 1837 all
509:Catholic Church
499:and the Polish
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597:Varshavskaya
579:), Плоцкая (
577:Lomzhinskaya
564:Governorates
562:
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543:coat of arms
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524:voivodeships
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371:Vistula Land
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251:Succeeded by
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163:Coat of arms
125:Krai of the
84:Vistula Land
62:
53:
34:
1640:Pomeranians
1362:Tributaries
1041:(in Polish)
1017:(in Polish)
989:(in Polish)
961:(in Polish)
835:(1867–1914)
695:World War I
593:Kalishskaya
589:Lublinskaya
585:Sedletskaya
573:Suvalkskaya
466:Polish Army
246:Preceded by
48:introducing
1717:Categories
1480:Sandomierz
1060:References
885:Sandomierz
609:Keletskaya
605:Radomskaya
537:After the
501:penal code
487:) and the
31:references
1630:Vistulans
1465:Włocławek
1455:Bydgoszcz
1450:Grudziądz
770:civil war
677:Guberniya
581:Plotskaya
528:gubernias
388:romanized
343:Lithuania
133:1867–1915
56:July 2024
902:See also
865:Piotrków
729:and the
505:de facto
310:Ober Ost
1419:Wisłoka
1384:Dunajec
880:Siedlce
717:on the
683:of the
647:Russian
456:History
390::
379:Russian
348:Belarus
197:History
183:Capital
98:Russian
44:improve
1635:Polans
1485:Kraków
1475:Warsaw
1440:Elbląg
1435:Gdańsk
1428:Cities
1414:Wieprz
1399:Pilica
1379:Drwęca
1295:
1287:. In:
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890:Warsaw
855:Lublin
850:Kielce
845:Kalisz
651:Polish
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559:gminas
468:, the
464:, the
427:Polish
399:Polish
338:Poland
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187:Warsaw
113:Polish
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33:, but
1470:Płock
1460:Toruń
1445:Tczew
1389:Narew
1374:Bzura
919:Notes
908:Kresy
875:Radom
870:Płock
860:Łomża
661:Płock
485:złoty
1394:Nida
1369:Brda
1293:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1114:ISBN
776:and
721:and
705:The
663:and
614:The
474:Sejm
224:1915
214:1867
149:Flag
1409:Wda
1404:San
667:to
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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