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158:
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6249:
796:
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651:
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2018:
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80:
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66:
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3025:) movement to prevent radical political organisations on both the left and the right from destabilizing the country. By the late 1930s, due to increased threats posed by political extremism inside the country, the Polish government became increasingly heavy-handed, banning a number of radical organisations, including communist and ultra-nationalist political parties, which threatened the stability of the country.
23694:
3381:
821:
773:
754:
721:
702:
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168:
2179:
1685:
26919:
10169:). Polish mountains are one of the tourist attractions of the country. Hiking, climbing, skiing and mountain biking and attract numerous tourists every year from all over the world. Water sports are the most popular summer recreation activities, with ample locations for fishing, canoeing, kayaking, sailing and windsurfing especially in the northern regions of the country.
20694:
16432:
powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in
Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. In these cases, while the government is fully accountable to Parliament, it cannot legislate without taking the potentially different policy preferences of the president into account.
6299:, as well as technical, medical, and economic institutions, employ around tens of thousands of researchers and staff members. There are hundreds of research and development institutes. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries many Polish scientists worked abroad; one of the most important of these exiles was
16338:
power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard, he recognizes
Duverger's
17978:
22683:
z kapustą, przede wszystkim zaś rozmaite kasze" Zbigniew
Kuchowicz Obyczaje staropolskie XVII-XVIII wieku. 1975; "pieczeń cielęca pieczona (panierowana), pieczeń cielęca zapiekana w sosie beszamelowym, pieczeń huzarska (=pieczeń wołowa przekładana farszem), pieczeń rzymska (klops), pieczeń rzymska
16337:
Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of
3430:
that he would maintain Poland's sovereignty and allow democratic elections to take place. However, upon achieving victory in 1945, the elections organised by the occupying Soviet authorities were falsified and were used to provide a veneer of legitimacy for Soviet hegemony over Polish affairs. The
16431:
Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in
Duverger's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such
5471:
in terms of military expenditures; the country allocates 3.8% of its total GDP on military spending, equivalent to approximately US$ 31.6 billion in 2023. From 2022, Poland initiated a programme of mass modernisation of its armed forces, in close cooperation with
American, South Korean and local
14568:
Grzegorz Motyka, Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947. Kraków 2011, p. 447. See also: Book review by Tomasz Stańczyk: "Grzegorz Motyka oblicza, że w latach 1943–1947 z polskich rąk zginęło 11–15 tys. Ukraińców. Polskie straty to 76–106 tys. zamordowanych, w
119:
3776:. Approximately 311,895 km (120,423 sq mi) of the country's territory consists of land, 2,041 km (788 sq mi) is internal waters and 8,783 km (3,391 sq mi) is territorial sea. Topographically, the landscape of Poland is characterised by diverse
10261:"Mieszko accepted Roman Catholicism via Bohemia in 966. A missionary bishopric directly dependent on the papacy was established in Poznań. This was the true beginning of Polish history, for Christianity was a carrier of Western civilization with which Poland was henceforth associated."
7369:
for six-year-olds. Primary education traditionally begins at the age of seven, although children aged six can attend at the request of their parents or guardians. Elementary school spans eight grades and secondary schooling is dependent on student preference – a four-year high school
19451:
20690:
2580:, a rebellion directed against the Poniatowski and all external influence, which ineptly aimed to preserve Poland's sovereignty and privileges held by the nobility. The failed attempts at government restructuring as well as the domestic turmoil provoked its neighbours to invade.
136:
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143:
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festivities, where the youth is engaged in water fights. Cemeteries and graves of the deceased are annually visited by family members on All Saints' Day; tombstones are cleaned as a sign of respect and candles are lit to honour the dead on an unprecedented scale.
128:
6204:
in electricity generation by 25% from 2017 to 2030. The plan involves deploying new nuclear plants, increasing energy efficiency, and decarbonising the Polish transport system in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prioritise long-term energy security.
132:
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133:
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142:
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21175:"Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Spisy Powszechne / Narodowe Spisy Powszechne / Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2002 - wyniki / Wyniki Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego Ludności i Mieszkań 2002 w zakresie deklarowanej narodowości oraz języka używanego w domu"
6181:. Many power plants nationwide use Poland's position as a major European exporter of coal to their advantage by continuing to use coal as the primary raw material in the production of their energy. The three largest Polish coal mining firms (
19445:
5585:. Private security firms are also common, although they possess no legal authority to arrest or detain a suspect. Municipal guards are primarily headed by provincial, regional or city councils; individual guards are not permitted to carry
4366:
electoral system, with one senator being returned from each of the one hundred constituencies. The Senate has the right to amend or reject a statute passed by the Sejm, but the Sejm may override the Senate's decision with a majority vote.
16887:
2205:
movements making deep inroads into Polish
Christianity, which resulted in the establishment of policies promoting religious tolerance, unique in Europe at that time. This tolerance allowed the country to avoid the religious turmoil and
2315:, but largely governed by the nobility. The latter coincided with a period of prosperity; the Polish-dominated union thereafter becoming a leading power and a major cultural entity, exercising political control over parts of Central,
19729:
3981:. Poland is characterised by warm summers, with a mean temperature of around 20 °C (68.0 °F) in July, and moderately cold winters averaging −1 °C (30.2 °F) in December. The warmest and sunniest part of Poland is
11255:
4020:
and increased temperatures; the average annual air temperature between 2011 and 2020 was 9.33 °C (48.8 °F), around 1.11 °C higher than in the 2001–2010 period. Winters are also becoming increasingly drier, with less
19962:
11922:
18659:
17000:
16928:
10313:
18468:
10252:"The dukes (dux) were originally the commanders of an armed retinue (drużyna) with which they broke the authority of the chieftains of the clans, thus transforming the original tribal organization into a territorial unit."
18335:
19940:
17606:
5866:, then equivalent to 4.5% of the Polish GDP. Tourism contributes considerably to the overall economy and makes up a relatively large proportion of the country's service market. Nearly 200,000 people were employed in the
15473:
8473:
17288:
9556:, sometimes referred to as "Polish Champagne", is an example of a historical beer style from Poland. Tea remains common in Polish society since the 19th century, whilst coffee is drunk widely since the 18th century.
3287:
from across occupied Europe to be murdered in those camps. Altogether, 3 million Polish Jews – approximately 90% of Poland's pre-war Jewry – and between 1.8 and 2.8 million ethnic Poles were killed during the German
17718:
8418:, a native-born Italian who lived in Kraków, became a renowned lutenist at the court of Sigismund III; he not only imported some of the musical styles from southern Europe but blended them with native folk music.
6506:
were reported by 163,363 people (0.41%) and 521,470 people (1.35%) did not specify any nationality. Official population statistics do not include migrant workers who do not possess a permanent residency permit or
4394:
receiving at least 5% of the total national vote can enter the Sejm. Both the lower and upper houses of parliament in Poland are elected for a four-year term and each member of the Polish parliament is guaranteed
19628:
2478:
effectively defended Poland's territorial possessions but after his death the vast
Commonwealth began declining from internal disorder and constant warfare. In 1648, the Polish hegemony over Ukraine sparked the
5877:
Tourist attractions in Poland vary, from the mountains in the south to the beaches in the north, with a trail of rich architectural and cultural heritage. Among the most recognisable landmarks are Old Towns in
17645:
2817:
117:
11713:, Central European Medieval Texts, General Editors János M. Bak, Urszula Borkowska, Giles Constable & Gábor Klaniczay, vol. 3, Budapest/ New York: Central European University Press, pp. 87–211,
11846:
5487:
for men, who previously had to serve for nine months, was discontinued in 2008. Polish military doctrine reflects the same defensive nature as that of its NATO partners and the country actively hosts NATO's
2994:, who would later become prime minister, returned home. A significant number of them then went on to take key positions in the newly formed political and governmental structures. Tragedy struck in 1922 when
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created a unique style, which was most famous in the 1960s and 1970s and continues to be popular to this day. Poland has also become a major venue for large-scale music festivals, chief among which are the
5452:. However, its commander-in-chief in peacetime is the president, who nominates officers, the Minister for National Defence and the chief of staff. Polish military tradition is generally commemorated by the
22247:
7100:
is widely revered. In 2015, 61.6% of respondents outlined that religion is of high or very high importance. However, church attendance has greatly decreased in recent years; only 28% of
Catholics attended
3470:
came about as a direct result of this change in Poland's political culture. In the
European scene, it came to characterise the full-fledged integration of Poland into the brotherhood of communist nations.
17914:
11893:... w wersji Anonima Minoryty mówi się znowu, iż w Polsce "paliły się kościoły i klasztory", co koresponduje w przekazaną przez Anonima Galla wiadomością o zniszczeniu kościołów katedralnych w Gnieźnie...
11097:
10579:
17888:
10519:
8474:
15679:
20031:
20528:
15829:
16023:
12061:
10088:
5825:
of goods and services in the world. Exports of goods and services are valued at approximately 56% of GDP, as of 2020. In 2019, Poland passed a law that would exempt workers under the age of 26 from
20257:"Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 5 kwietnia 2017 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym"
17590:
17272:
11459:
20417:
20234:
14482:
9552:. The world's first written mention of vodka originates from Poland. The most popular alcoholic drinks at present are beer and wine which took over from vodka more popular in the years 1980–1998.
18422:
15904:
13116:
6268:
Over the course of history, the Polish people have made considerable contributions in the fields of science, technology and mathematics. Perhaps the most renowned Pole to support this theory was
2576:. The new king maneuvered between his desire to implement necessary modernising reforms, and the necessity to remain at peace with surrounding states. His ideals led to the formation of the 1768
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18008:
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16910:
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12647:
12178:
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10285:
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crossing the border to Poland. As of
November 2023, 0.9 million of those had stayed in Poland. In October 2023, the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party won the largest share of the vote in the
20638:
20120:
18929:
16780:
11152:
17376:
17042:
15777:
13809:
1534:
species settled what was to become Poland approximately 500,000 years ago, though the ensuing hostile climate prevented early humans from founding more permanent encampments. The arrival of
23334:
20489:
15200:
13153:
15871:
16655:
13731:
12410:
At the same time, when most of Europe was decimated by the Black Death, Poland developed quickly and reached the levels of the wealthiest countries of the West in its economy and culture.
6193:) extract around 100 million tonnes of coal annually. After coal, Polish energy supply relies significantly on oil—the nation is the third-largest buyer of Russian oil exports to the EU.
5394:
ties to Hungary; this special relationship was recognised by the parliaments of both countries in 2007 with the joint declaration of 23 March as "The Day of Polish-Hungarian Friendship".
20810:
17592:
Production Management and Business Development: Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Scientific Conference on Marketing Management, Trade, Financial and Social Aspects of Business
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115:
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11906:
11750:
20067:
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3212:), fought against German occupation. It was one of the three largest resistance movements of the entire war, and encompassed a range of clandestine activities, which functioned as an
2599:, the first government education authority in Europe, was inaugurated. Corporal punishment of schoolchildren was officially prohibited in 1783. Poniatowski was the head figure of the
20159:
18633:
7399:
In Poland, there are over 500 university-level institutions, with technical, medical, economic, agricultural, pedagogical, theological, musical, maritime and military faculties. The
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20970:
15981:
15231:
6421:
20567:
15291:
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19046:
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daily. In 2020, 79 percent of the population read the news more than once a day, placing it second behind Sweden. Poland has a number of major domestic media outlets, chiefly the
11687:
6288:, which made him a pioneer of economics. Copernicus' achievements and discoveries are considered the basis of Polish culture and cultural identity. Poland was ranked 41st in the
5492:. Since 1953, the country has been a large contributor to various United Nations peacekeeping missions, and currently maintains military presence in the Middle East, Africa, the
3296:– academics, doctors, lawyers, nobility and priesthood. During the Warsaw Uprising alone, over 150,000 Polish civilians were killed, most were murdered by the Germans during the
26839:
20375:
20352:
19007:
17484:
16841:
13770:
12006:
11308:
19225:
17849:
15446:
10873:
16227:
16007:
14898:
14800:
12100:
10829:
10103:
who won back-to-back championships in 2019 and 2020 as well as 2022 and 2023. In 2021, Poland finished runners-up in the Speedway of Nations world championship final, held in
6515:
citizens worked legally in Poland in 2017. The number of migrants is rising steadily; the country approved 504,172 work permits for foreigners in 2021 alone. According to the
4399:. Under current legislation, a person must be 21 years of age or over to assume the position of deputy, 30 or over to become senator and 35 to run in a presidential election.
12256:
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16572:
3328:
116:
20015:
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nation, with 97% of respondents declaring Polish as their mother tongue. There are currently 15 minority languages in Poland, including one recognised regional language,
23194:
19625:
8466:
5245:
and State Tribunals are separate judicial bodies, which rule the constitutional liability of people holding the highest offices of state and supervise the compliance of
17783:
15813:
9493:
Traditional dishes are hearty and abundant in pork, potatoes, eggs, cream, mushrooms, regional herbs, and sauce. Polish food is characteristic for its various kinds of
1994:, one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Europe. Upon his death in 1370, the Piast dynasty came to an end. He was succeeded by his closest male relative,
18968:
18890:
16149:
11331:
2832:
2592:
20512:
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3920:. The country also possesses one of the highest densities of lakes in the world, numbering around ten thousand and mostly concentrated in the north-eastern region of
27008:
16611:
7455:, ranked Poland's educational system higher than the OECD average; the study showed that students in Poland perform better academically than in most OECD countries.
2278:
11832:
22059:
Stanley, John (2004). "Reviewed Work: Literary Activities and Attitudes in the Stanislavian Age in Poland (1764–1795): A Social System? by Jan I.J. van der Meer".
20840:
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with a population between 2.7 million and 5.3 million residents. Population density is higher in the south of Poland and mostly concentrated between the cities of
5589:
unless instructed by the superior commanding officer. Security service personnel conduct regular patrols in both large urban areas or smaller suburban localities.
669:
22259:
21897:
19748:"Changes in population density of the urban population in southern Poland in the period 1950–2011 against the background of political and economic transformation"
16067:"A white eagle , the profile of a shaggy bison in a field of grass. These are emblems of Poland". "Nation's (somewhat disputed) national flower – the corn poppy".
15041:
13489:
26385:
25906:
20218:
17922:
17360:
12162:
10571:
8510:
Poland today has an active music scene, with the jazz and metal genres being particularly popular among the contemporary populace. Polish jazz musicians such as
5456:, celebrated annually on 15 August. As of 2022, the Polish Armed Forces have a combined strength of 114,050 active soldiers, with a further 75,400 active in the
20622:
18391:
10515:
8163:
26151:
22811:
21326:
12631:
10488:
10369:
7452:
5449:
3224:. The resistance was loyal to the exiled government and generally resented the idea of a communist Poland; for this reason, in the summer of 1944 it initiated
19854:
18283:
16762:
11451:
5268:
rate at 0.7 murders per 100,000 people, as of 2018. Rape, assault and violent crime remain at a very low level. The country has imposed strict regulations on
4323:. The council's individual members are selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president and approved by parliament. The head of state is elected by
3450:
Despite widespread objections, the new Polish government accepted the Soviet annexation of the pre-war eastern regions of Poland (in particular the cities of
21063:
20589:
19604:
19430:
18786:
17026:
13793:
21413:"Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 19 grudnia 2014 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy o dniach wolnych od pracy"
21356:
21199:
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21016:
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18692:
14384:
12045:
5468:
5368:
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12242:
Zupełnie normalna historia, czyli, Dzieje Polski zanalizowane przez Marcina Kulę w krótkich słowach, subiektywnie, ku pożytkowi miejscowych i cudzoziemców
9596:
and formulated the term "make-up" which is now widely used as an alternative for describing cosmetics. Faktorowicz is also credited with inventing modern
7286:
from 2020, the average life expectancy at birth is 79 years (around 75 years for an infant male and 83 years for an infant female); the country has a low
27033:
27018:
22684:(klops z cielęciny) w sosie śmietanowym, pieczeń rzymska z królika " Stanisław Berger. Kuchnia polska. 1974.; Polish Holiday Cookery by Robert Strybel.
21635:
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19652:
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7347:
3507:
3499:
22887:
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19141:
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13100:
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Poland is the regional economic leader in Central Europe, with nearly 40 per cent of the 500 biggest companies in the region (by revenues) as well as a
26483:
19474:
19172:
18000:
17744:
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11386:
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10698:
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19795:
19108:
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5817:
Poland has the largest banking sector in Central Europe, with 32.3 branches per 100,000 adults. It was the only European economy to have avoided the
3602:, Poland suffered temporary declines in social, economic, and living standards, but it became the first post-communist country to reach its pre-1989
3093:
3046:
2903:
of the Polish-Jewish population. Towards the end of the 19th century, Congress Poland became heavily industrialised; its primary exports being coal,
1671:
20104:
18913:
17673:
17507:
13653:
11136:
10110:
In the 21st century, the country has seen a growth of popularity of tennis and produced a number of successful tennis players including World No. 1
3117:
25141:
23338:
20181:
20143:
19388:
16534:
15759:
14739:
13575:
10065:
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6076:
In 2022, the nation had 19,393 kilometres (12,050 mi) of railway track, the third longest in the European Union after Germany and France. The
6049:
and is an important transport hub due to its strategic geographical position in Central Europe. Some of the longest European routes, including the
5566:
3619:
655:
25811:
22946:
21845:
15192:
14972:
Spieser, Catherine (April 2007). "Labour Market Policies in Post-communist Poland: Explaining the Peaceful Institutionalisation of Unemployment".
13139:
26458:
26453:
22856:
21818:
21764:
21226:"Tablice z ostatecznymi danymi w zakresie przynależności narodowo-etnicznej, języka używanego w domu oraz przynależności do wyznania religijnego"
20551:
19918:
19574:
18250:
18190:
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5753:
3320:
in the war, Poland lost the highest percentage of its citizens: around 6 million perished – more than one-sixth of Poland's pre-war population –
2986:
The inter-war period heralded a new era of Polish politics. Whilst Polish political activists had faced heavy censorship in the decades up until
20264:
18160:
16495:
16445:
13715:
3304:
massacres. Around 150,000 Polish civilians were killed by Soviets between 1939 and 1941 during the Soviet Union's occupation of eastern Poland (
1160:
26782:
25304:
23018:
20802:
17813:
11058:
10459:
8129:. The Poles take great pride in their national identity which is often associated with the colours white and red, and exuded by the expression
7448:
7230:
5631:. Emergency medical services in Poland are operated by local and regional governments, but are a part of the centralised national agency – the
4312:
3042:
1556:
excavations indicated broad-ranging development in that era; the earliest evidence of European cheesemaking (5500 BC) was discovered in Polish
23083:
22139:
21978:
20971:"Zmiany w wychowaniu przedszkolnym - Informacje - Wychowanie przedszkolne w Polsce - wiek, obowiązek, miejsce, opłaty - dlaprzedszkolaka.info"
19512:
18220:
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3350:. As a result, Poland's territory was reduced by 20%, or 77,500 square kilometres (29,900 sq mi). The shift forced the migration of
23472:
22920:
22193:
22087:
19722:
19345:
14924:
Hunter, Richard J. Jr.; Ryan, Leo V. (2006). "A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE: "Why Was Poland's Transition So Difficult?"".
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1939:
hindered the unification. As a result of the devastation which followed, depopulation and the demand for craft labour spurred a migration of
777:
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of June 1919. A total of 2 million Polish troops fought with the armies of the three occupying powers, and over 450,000 died. Following the
1787:, who assented to the creation of additional bishoprics and an archdioceses in Gniezno. Three new dioceses were subsequently established in
27013:
27003:
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23312:
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18637:
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5476:. Also, the Polish military is set to increase its size to 250,000 enlisted and officers, and 50,000 defence force personnel. According to
3055:
2383:
1280:
832:
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25134:
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15283:
10492:
10054:
4403:
3335:
23659:
20053:
19030:
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14999:
Poláčková, Hana (1994). "Regional Cooperation in Central Europe: Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia: from Visegrad to CEFTA".
26448:
26194:
26144:
22220:
15502:
11563:
10383:"National Population and Housing Census 2021 Population. Size and demographic-social structure in the light of the 2021 Census results"
6443:
Around 60% of the country's population lives in urban areas or major cities and 40% in rural zones. In 2020, 50.2% of Poles resided in
4460:, or named for individual cities. Administrative authority at the voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed governor (
3201:
2444:
1667:
619:
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16718:
13754:
9974:, volleyball and association football are among the country's most popular sports, with a rich history of international competitions.
3108:. German planners had in November 1939 called for "the complete destruction of all Poles" and their fate as outlined in the genocidal
2065:
territories into Poland's sphere of influence and proved beneficial for its inhabitants, who coexisted in one of the largest European
26846:
25295:
24424:
19241:
14694:
14468:
Current estimate is roughly 2,770,000 victims of German occupation. This was 11.3% of the 24.4 million ethnic Poles in prewar Poland.
10855:
6214:
3169:. Polish intelligence operatives proved extremely valuable to the Allies, providing much of the intelligence from Europe and beyond,
725:
18757:
16959:
16358:
15701:
Czetwertynski-Sytnik, Lesław; Kozioł, Edward; R. Mazurski, Krzysztof (2000). "Settlement and sustainability in the Polish Sudetes".
15640:
14902:
14796:
14362:
Liczba Żydów i Polaków żydowskiego pochodzenia, obywateli II Rzeczypospolitej, zamordowanych przez Niemców sięga 2,7- 2,9 mln osób.
12084:
10813:
6310:
In the first half of the 20th century, Poland was a flourishing centre of mathematics. Outstanding Polish mathematicians formed the
2642:
and ceased to exist as a territorial entity. Stanisław Augustus, the last King of Poland, abdicated the throne on 25 November 1795.
26389:
24501:
18130:
17429:
12240:
10042:
6409:
4316:
3244:
2426:
19273:
15155:
13832:
11019:
3735:, but lost its majority in parliament. In December 2023, Donald Tusk became the new Prime Minister leading a coalition made up of
25816:
24802:
23739:
22307:"Polish Libraries – Wiesław Wydra: The Oldest Extant Prose Text in the Polish language. The Phenomenon of the Holy Cross Sermons"
21250:
Adam Zamoyski, The Polish Way: A Thousand Year History of the Poles and Their Culture. Published 1993, Hippocrene Books, Poland,
20870:
20780:
19879:
18822:
18549:
18519:
12279:
10667:
7362:
3217:
1650:
and may have included assimilated remnants of peoples that earlier dwelled in the area. Beginning in the early 10th century, the
25083:
within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.
20668:
16595:
16133:
9446:
The cuisine of Poland is eclectic and shares similarities with other regional cuisines. Among the staple or regional dishes are
7412:
5764:
in 2023 amounted to 2.8%, which was the second-lowest in the EU. As of 2023, around 62% of the employed population works in the
3510:
groups persisted. Despite this, Poland was at the time considered to be one of the least oppressive states of the Eastern Bloc.
2638:, which left the country deprived of territory and incapable of independent existence. On 24 October 1795, the Commonwealth was
2351:
2323:
and Northern Europe. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth occupied approximately 1 million km (390,000 sq mi)
26988:
26503:
24336:
22114:
21488:
20750:
17073:
16172:
16046:
14505:
8752:
7263:; it provides administrative oversight and scrutiny of general medical practice, and is obliged to maintain a high standard of
6070:
5851:
5222:
4209:
4052:
3627:
2003:
1299:
22999:
14366:
The number of Jewish victims is estimated at 2,9 million. This was about 90% of the 3.3 million Jews living in prewar Poland.
11256:"Bronocice, Flintbek, Uruk, Jebel Aruda and Arslantepe: The Earliest Evidence Of Wheeled Vehicles In Europe And The Near East"
6023:
26137:
23774:
23589:
23456:
23292:
23257:
23204:
23174:
23147:
23115:
23059:
22897:
22777:
22750:
22697:
22528:
22453:
22419:
22385:
22340:
22203:
22176:
22149:
22097:
22015:
21988:
21961:
21934:
21907:
21880:
21828:
21801:
21740:
21687:
21672:
21619:
21556:
21498:
21255:
21062:
Number of students at Poland's institutions of higher education, as of 30 November 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2012. Archived at
20946:
20903:
20716:
20632:
20561:
20522:
20483:
20385:
20228:
20153:
20114:
20025:
19813:
19339:
19304:
19235:
19208:
19040:
19001:
18962:
18923:
18740:
18715:
18313:
17882:
17775:
17683:
17639:
17600:
17556:
17517:
17478:
17439:
17370:
17282:
17248:
17214:
17181:
17136:
17036:
16994:
16922:
16851:
16774:
16730:
16690:
16649:
16605:
16566:
16528:
16260:
16221:
16182:
16143:
16017:
15975:
15865:
15823:
15771:
15624:
15599:
15574:
14866:
14752:
14707:
14681:
14677:
14527:
14341:
14316:
14282:
14258:
14216:
14158:
14124:
14090:
14063:
14023:
13900:
13842:
13764:
13725:
13686:
13647:
13608:
13550:
13379:
13355:
13186:
13110:
13071:
13032:
12961:
12934:
12895:
12844:
12805:
12763:
12736:
12680:
12641:
12611:
12582:
12542:
12515:
12460:
12433:
12396:
12361:
12334:
12289:
12250:
12211:
12172:
12133:
12094:
12055:
12016:
11989:
11955:
11916:
11879:
11815:
11781:
11744:
11718:
11681:
11637:
11610:
11573:
11422:
11380:
11341:
11302:
11183:
11146:
11107:
11068:
11029:
11002:
10909:
10867:
10823:
10708:
10433:
9281:
9064:). However, traditional construction methods faded in the early-mid 20th century due to urbanisation and the construction of
7164:
5323:
3351:
1588:
1065:
26169:
22687:
21572:
19992:
18952:
18882:
15410:
15351:
15066:
Szczerbiak, Aleks (September 2004). "History Trumps Government Unpopularity: The June 2003 Polish EU Accession Referendum".
13692:
13614:
13192:
13077:
13038:
12999:
12901:
12850:
12811:
12769:
12686:
12548:
12139:
11643:
11428:
10915:
10549:
8217:
Particular traditions and superstitious customs observed in Poland are not found elsewhere in Europe. Though Christmas Eve (
8137:, are often visible on clothing, insignia and emblems. The architectural monuments of great importance are protected by the
2957:
2940:
was a hero of the Polish independence campaign and the nation's premiere statesman from 1918 until his death on 12 May 1935.
1881:
26182:
23825:
23805:
23779:
21924:
21041:
20305:
17312:
15261:
14844:
12201:
11481:
Mielnik-Sikorska, Marta; et al. (2013), "The History of Slavs Inferred from Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences",
10671:
6190:
5632:
5616:
5529:
5333:
4079:
3558:
3440:
3289:
3089:
2081:
588:
23525:"Poland wins Hopman Cup as Agnieszka Radwanska and Jerzy Janowicz combine to beat Serena Williams and John Isner in Perth"
21430:
15384:
12321:
The Polish Biographical Dictionary: Profiles of Nearly 900 Poles who Have Made Lasting Contributions to World Civilization
9961:
8748:
26944:
26531:
26206:
24494:
24122:
24042:
23851:
23524:
19675:
9013:
8142:
7619:
5811:
4391:
4304:
2379:
23571:
22634:"Always home-made, tomato soup is one of the first things a Polish cook learns to prepare." Marc E. Heine. Poland. 1987
18606:
17406:
14206:
9325:
Contemporary Polish literature is versatile, with its fantasy genre having been particularly praised. The philosophical
8410:
for Polish kings by an unknown composer), may also date back to this period, however, the first known notable composer,
7136:
and provided asylum for refugees fleeing religious persecution in other parts of Europe. Poland hosted Europe's largest
1868:
lost the title of king and fled amidst the violence. The unrest led to the transfer of the capital to Kraków in 1038 by
1704:
Poland began to form into a recognisable unitary and territorial entity around the middle of the 10th century under the
26227:
26119:
25948:
24986:
23958:
23887:
21694:
20832:
15027:
13477:
9206:
9072:
8429:
for voices or instruments. At the end of the 18th century, Polish classical music evolved into national forms like the
7049:
6391:
5445:
5383:
5291:
4740:
4427:
4083:
4012:
There is a considerable fluctuation in day-to-day weather and the arrival of a particular season can differ each year.
3803:
The country has a coastline spanning 770 km (480 mi); extending from the shores of the Baltic Sea, along the
3773:
3732:
3688:
3684:
3668:
3653:
3572:
2500:
2308:
2286:
1264:
1226:
1144:
1113:
1035:
1031:
1027:
758:
514:
19955:"Informacja o wynikach Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego Ludności i Mieszkań 2021 na poziomie województw, powiatów i gmin"
8327:
7416:
5605:
26463:
24127:
24069:
23820:
23815:
23810:
23797:
23581:
22714:
21855:
19797:
Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski. Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011
19636:
18767:
18616:
18399:
15101:
Kundera, Jaroslaw (September 2014). "Poland in the European Union. The economic effects of ten years of membership".
14519:
13803:
13520:
11275:
10747:
8138:
5250:
5186:
is the enacted supreme law, and Polish judicature is based on the principle of civil rights, governed by the code of
3720:
3680:
3542:
3363:
3186:
3034:
2916:
2540:
2030:
1959:
1218:
1190:
1164:
22815:
21448:
21334:
21079:
19726:
19659:– United Nations – Department of Economic and Social Affairs / Population Division, The 2003 Revision (data of 2000)
18069:
8962:
8792:
7279:(NFZ). Private medical complexes exist nationwide; over 50% of the population uses both public and private sectors.
4418:; and in case a president's permanent incapacity to exercise his duties due to the state of his health is declared.
26521:
25402:
25238:
24182:
24157:
24057:
19845:
18275:
15712:
12574:
8240:
7993:
7351:
6641:
5242:
4519:
4351:
4197:
3240:
2596:
1852:. He built extensively during his reign, and reformed the Polish army along with the country's legal code, 1333–70.
23049:
20596:
19079:
18797:
11908:
Integracja i dezintegracja państwa Piastów w kronikach polskich Marcina Kromera oraz Marcina i Joachima Bielskich9
7275:; state subsidised healthcare is available to all citizens covered by the general health insurance program of the
6588:
6350:). Numerous mathematicians, scientists, chemists or economists emigrated due to historic vicissitudes, among them
3958:
214:
26803:
26596:
26418:
25051:
21364:
18572:
18365:
10019:
9919:
9088:
7585:
7086:
7017:
6891:
6875:
6789:
6425:
5083:
4798:
4710:
4703:
4571:
4564:
4461:
3870:
at 2,501 metres (8,205 ft) in elevation, located in the Tatras. The highest summit of the Sudetes massif is
3530:
3514:
3396:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3122:
2864:
2608:
2038:
1955:
1932:
1499:
1214:
1210:
28:
22281:
21005:
20440:
14380:
11981:
Religious Celebrations. An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
10638:
8950:
7234:
4196:
Around 315,100 hectares (1,217 sq mi), equivalent to 1% of Poland's territory, is protected within 23
2569:
26998:
26468:
25867:
25842:
21514:
19647:
9125:
8740:
7132:
enables the teaching of religion in public schools. Historically, the Polish state maintained a high degree of
6296:
5765:
5704:
2876:
2839:
2771:
2743:
2631:
2441:
2296:
2282:
2080:
in 1410, where a combined Polish-Lithuanian army inflicted a decisive victory against them. In 1466, after the
1276:
1260:
706:
22033:
22010:(in Polish). Poland: International Cultural Centre-Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury w Krakowie. pp. 52–56.
19534:
15793:
Poland is home to 9,300 lakes. Finland is the only European nation with a higher density of lakes than Poland.
14665:
8736:
3414:
sanctioned the formation of a new provisional pro-Communist coalition government in Moscow, which ignored the
26473:
25288:
24076:
23846:
19802:
National-ethnic, linguistic and religious structure of Poland. National Census of Population and Housing 2011
19693:
19137:
18276:"Lowest unemployment in the EU. Poland on the podium – Ministry of Family and Social Policy – Gov.pl website"
18092:
17321:
14587:
11200:
10123:
10092:
10007:
9965:
9186:
8187:
7200:
7137:
6416:. It has a population density of 122 inhabitants per square kilometre (320 inhabitants/sq mi). The
5935:
5749:
5609:
5457:
3874:
at 1,603.3 metres (5,260 ft), shared with the Czech Republic. The lowest point in Poland is situated at
2968:
2712:
2549:
1975:
1948:
943:
25547:
19164:
17812:(Report). Warszawa (Warsaw): Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych MSZ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs). p. 4.
15896:
Zbigniew Ustrunul; Agnieszka Wypych; Ewa Jakusik; Dawid Biernacik; Danuta Czekierda; Anna Chodubska (2020).
14643:
11370:
9008:. Foreign artisans often came at the expense of kings or nobles, whose palaces were built thereafter in the
8796:
8713:
8573:
6311:
6080:(PKP) is the dominant railway operator, with certain major voivodeships or urban areas possessing their own
5748:
As of 2023, Poland's economy and gross domestic product (GDP) is the sixth largest in the European Union by
4370:
2896:
2331:
policies in newly acquired territories which were met with resistance from ethnic and religious minorities.
1768:
pagans in 997 and whose remains were reputedly bought back for their weight in gold by Mieszko's successor,
26993:
24899:
19200:
A century of X-rays and radioactivity in medicine: with emphasis on photographic records of the early years
18860:
18486:
18038:
17589:
Mihalčová, Bohuslava; Szaryszová, Petra; Štofová, Lenka; Pružinský, Michal; Gontkovičová, Barbora (2019) .
14935:
14871:
14656:
Bureau odszkodowan wojennych (BOW), Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 1939–1945. Warsaw 1947
14622:
13874:
9991:
8643:. Since the 20th century Polish documentary art and photography has enjoyed worldwide fame, especially the
7378:
7180:
7172:
7045:
6985:
6959:
6395:
6331:
5943:
5822:
5559:
5391:
5106:
4526:
3704:
3623:
3375:
3280:
3272:
2528:
2519:, saw neighboring powers grow in strength at the expense of Poland. Both Saxon kings faced opposition from
2089:
1940:
1784:
1541:
1371:
909:
889:
26255:
20717:"Poland Guide: The Polish health care system, An introduction: Poland's health care is based on a general"
19101:
16398:
16107:
13214:
13063:
The History of Modern Europe – From the Fall of Constantinople, in 1453, to the War in the Crimea, in 1857
8813:
8247:
appears. An empty plate and seat are symbolically left at the table for an unexpected guest. On occasion,
5538:
Thanks to its location, Poland is a country essentially free from the threat of natural disasters such as
1606:(400 BC–500 AD), many distinct ancient populations inhabited the territory of present-day Poland, notably
25598:
25228:
25077:
Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.
24359:
24047:
23988:
23963:
23907:
23732:
23645:
19133:
19071:
16843:
European Regions, 1870–2020: A Geographic and Historical Insight into the Process of European Integration
15903:(Report). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW). p. 7.
13637:
10616:
9766:
9714:. Poland has also produced influential directors, film producers and actors, many of whom were active in
8516:
8027:
7390:) can be pursued by each individual pupil. A liceum or technikum is concluded with a maturity exit exam (
6841:
6177:–based. Coal production in Poland is a major source of employment and the largest source of the nation's
5319:
5191:
5173:
5129:
4509:
4502:
4355:
4006:
3724:
3568:
3479:
3367:
3276:
3174:
3085:
2824:
2755:
2619:
2050:
1479:
1202:
1121:
1117:
1109:
924:
919:
573:
284:
23279:
23137:
23105:
21059:
20192:
19416:
16518:
14758:
14464:Łączne straty śmiertelne ludności polskiej pod okupacją niemiecką oblicza się obecnie na ok. 2 770 000.
3642:
3563:
2595:. Disregarding the territorial losses, in 1773 a plan of critical reforms was established, in which the
1877:
1873:
1302:, 15 of which are cultural. Poland is a founding member state of the United Nations and a member of the
26411:
24394:
24326:
24209:
23856:
23841:
23766:
22356:
19597:"Distribution of population by degree of urbanisation, dwelling type and income group – EU-SILC survey"
13567:
9892:
9311:
9065:
8114:
7551:
7517:
6773:
6705:
6042:
5931:
5612:(CBA) are responsible for countering organised crime and corruption in state and private institutions.
5558:
have occurred in low-lying areas from time to time during periods of extreme rainfall (e.g. during the
5284:
4871:
4775:
4618:
4611:
4588:
4581:
4296:
4048:
3498:
became temporarily more liberal, freeing many people from prison and expanding some personal freedoms.
3475:
3415:
3134:
2843:
2795:
2728:
2715:
and occupying armies. An unsuccessful attempt at defending Poland's sovereignty took place in the 1794
2701:
2635:
2520:
1658:
tribes in the region, initially forming a tribal federation and later a centralised monarchical state.
1129:
883:
859:
558:
370:
23675:
22864:
22812:"History of vodka production, at the official page of Polish Spirit Industry Association (KRPS), 2007"
19910:
19564:
18475:
Appendix B. Key Aspects of Financial Inclusion (PDF file, direct download). Retrieved 6 November 2014.
18242:
18182:
17230:
16807:
9793:. Polish cinematography also created many well-received comedies. The most known of them were made by
9619:
at the turn of the 17th century. The national dress and etiquette of Poland also reached the court at
5814:
estimated that in 2014 there were 1,437 Polish corporations with interests in 3,194 foreign entities.
4034:
1982:. Under his authority, Poland transformed into a major European power; he instituted Polish rule over
24429:
24306:
24187:
24137:
24015:
23922:
23897:
23573:
Poland 1939–1945. Casualties and the victims of repressions under the Nazi and the Soviet occupations
19389:"Research Institutes In Poland — Evaluation of Their Place and Role in Innovative Politics in Poland"
17874:
Poland's Foreign and Security Policy: Problems of Compatibility with the Changing International Order
16487:
16456:
16288:
11535:
Brather, Sebastian (2004). "The Archaeology of the Northwestern Slavs (Seventh To Ninth Centuries)".
9975:
9898:
Poland is a major European hub for video game developers and among the most successful companies are
9691:
9350:
9233:
9017:
8902:) were once an abundant feature of Polish urban architecture. The mountainous south is known for its
8669:
8211:
7959:
7653:
7396:), which must be passed in order to apply for a university or other institutions of higher learning.
7192:
7121:
the fastest, as measured by the disparity between the religiosity of young people and their elders."
6823:
6671:
6499:
6066:
5927:
5525:
5453:
5419:
5168:
5060:
4825:
4695:
4688:
4678:
4671:
4457:
4221:
4087:
3580:
3077:
2736:
2705:
2697:
2639:
2604:
2584:
2565:
2207:
1751:
1175:
1034:
by land area, covering a combined area of 312,696 km (120,733 sq mi). The capital and
310:
21551:. Poland: Institute of Political Studies Polish Academy of Sciences. 31 December 2018. p. 160.
21412:
20256:
19596:
19373:
18152:
17806:
16394:
16354:
10455:
9887:, the latter a state-run channel dedicated to the transmission of Polish-language telecasts for the
9710:, a prototype of television transmitting images and sounds. They are both recognised as pioneers of
8439:
7365:. Kindergarten attendance is optional for children aged between three and five, with one year being
6598:
6218:
3495:
2634:. Fearing the reemergence of Polish hegemony, Russia and Prussia arranged and in 1793 executed, the
26832:
25387:
25281:
23968:
23932:
23912:
23603:
23424:
19502:
18212:
16317:
15929:
15526:
15313:
14406:
14309:
The origins of the Final Solution: the evolution of Nazi Jewish policy, September 1939 – March 1942
10073:
9641:
became fashionable in French châteaus. Sarmatism eventually faded in the wake of the 18th century.
8887:
8644:
7372:
6570:
6554:
6456:
6304:
6285:
6178:
6104:
6030:
5593:
5441:
5376:
5206:, and acknowledges the inviolability of the home, the right to form trade unions, and the right to
5187:
4300:
4275:
4247:
4205:
3736:
3728:
3672:
3309:
3213:
2856:
2852:
2062:
1861:
1303:
400:
23476:
22544:
21109:
19321:
18455:
Emerging Market Spotlight. Banking Sector in Poland (Internet Archive). Retrieved 6 November 2014.
17509:
Coalition of the unwilling and unable: European realignment and the future of American geopolitics
14783:
13369:
9584:
Several Polish designers and stylists left a legacy of beauty inventions and cosmetics; including
7755:
7408:
7066:
6739:
6651:
6303:, a physicist and chemist who lived much of her life in France. In 1925, she established Poland's
6012:
5504:
4848:
4633:
4626:
4009:
is more frequent during the summer months, with highest rainfall recorded from June to September.
2990:, a new political tradition was established in the country. Many exiled Polish activists, such as
2553:
1885:
25847:
25273:
24147:
24117:
24025:
23902:
23784:
23697:
23084:"The Wrightsman Collection. Vols. 1 and 2, Furniture, Gilt Bronze and Mounted Porcelain, Carpets"
22837:
22592:
20895:
Literary Activities and Attitudes in the Stanislavian Age in Poland (1764–1795): A Social System?
20339:
14193:
11807:
11267:
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1991:
1808:
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810:
683:
24:
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Trade and Urban Development in Poland: An Economic Geography of Cracow, from Its Origins to 1795
20938:
19029:
Gennady Fedorov; Alexander Druzhinin; Elena Golubeva; Dmitry Subetto; Tadeusz Palmowski (2019).
13895:. Vol. 550 (3 ed.). Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. p. 29.
10228:
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accounted for 45% of all deaths. In the same year, Poland was also the 15th-largest importer of
7226:
5328:
2747:
2630:, an organisation of nobles and deputies opposing the act, appealed to Catherine and caused the
1769:
26541:
26161:
25837:
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25233:
25206:
24572:
24407:
24402:
24346:
24239:
24177:
23993:
23973:
23725:
23549:
22973:
22838:"EJPAU 2004. Kowalczuk I. CONDITIONS OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES CONSUMPTION AMONG POLISH CONSUMERS"
20141:
17095:
16452:
14433:
12388:
12382:
9951:
9815:
9715:
9364:
8993:
8918:
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to the monarchy. His candidacy was extensively funded by his sponsor and former lover, Empress
2516:
2512:
2475:
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2202:
2167:
from the monarch to the parliament, an event which marked the beginning of the period known as
1869:
1643:
1549:
1272:
1236:
1152:
1023:
733:
677:
637:
543:
102:
85:
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20191:. Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography). Archived from
19028:
14148:
14053:
12951:
12725:"Religious Toleration in Sixteenth-Century Poland. Political Realities and Social Constrains."
12351:
10484:
9237:
9177:(officially translated as "Let me, I shall grind, and you take a rest") was documented in the
8382:
The origins of Polish music can be traced to the 13th century; manuscripts have been found in
7036:, which is spoken by approximately 100,000 people on a daily basis in the northern regions of
5891:
5768:, 29% in manufacturing, and 8% in the agricultural sector. Although Poland is a member of the
5480:, the country exported €487 million worth of arms and armaments to foreign countries in 2020.
4927:
3772:
Poland covers an administrative area of 312,722 km (120,743 sq mi), and is the
2807:
2732:
2716:
2471:
27023:
26813:
25407:
25055:
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24889:
24379:
24331:
24162:
24107:
23998:
23192:
22443:
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21149:
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18686:
17206:
17173:
16597:
Democracy in Poland: Representation, participation, competition and accountability since 1989
16324:
14825:
14248:
14114:
12724:
12618:
By 1490 the Jagiellons controlled Poland–Lithuania, Bohemia, and Hungary, but not the Empire.
12603:
12326:
11945:
10076:
titles than any other competitor in the world, winning the event in 2008 for the fifth time.
9999:
9931:
9374:
9285:
9225:
9202:
8986:
8974:
8966:
8929:
13th century) defined Poland's most distinguishable medieval style, exuded by the castles of
8847:
8828:
8717:
8624:
8371:
create a lively and diverse music scene, which even recognises its own music genres, such as
8352:
7857:
7339:
7287:
7268:
6943:
6483:
6277:
6089:
6077:
6016:
5799:
4991:
4541:
4534:
3990:
3522:
3427:
3371:
3003:
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2949:
2783:
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2342:
which obliged future monarchs to respect the rights of nobles. When he left Poland to become
2242:
2238:
2117:
1971:
1845:
1713:
1693:
1292:
865:
79:
22224:
18243:"Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) – Poland | Data"
16342:
as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87).
15498:
14080:
11869:
9382:
9036:
7463:
Ethnic structure of Poland by voivodeship according to the censuses of 2002, 2011 and 2021:
5620:
3133:
Poland made the fourth-largest troop contribution in Europe, and its troops served both the
2835:
2720:
1979:
1841:
25644:
24417:
24281:
24142:
24037:
23978:
23635:
22663:" Jan N. de Bobrowicz. Maxymilian arcyksiąże Austryacki obrany Król polski. 1848. s. 74; "
22414:. Associate editors:Olakunle George, Susan Hegeman, EfraÃn Kristal. John Wiley & Sons.
21200:"NSP 2011 - Wybrane tablice dotyczące przynależności narodowo-etnicznej, języka i wyznania"
15895:
15716:
11776:(in Polish). Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. pp. 309–310.
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to the west. The territory is characterised by a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and
987:
875:
528:
420:
26218:
21711:
14713:
9790:
9297:
8954:
8411:
7361:
The framework for primary, secondary and higher tertiary education are established by the
6116:
5272:, which is permitted only in cases of rape, incest or when the woman's life is in danger;
3606:
as early as 1995, although the unemployment rate increased. Poland became a member of the
2933:
2779:
8:
26611:
26307:
26028:
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25700:
25011:
24844:
24642:
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24052:
24032:
24005:
23983:
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21532:
16369:
16131:
15648:
15535:
13024:
Warrior Kings of Sweden. The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
11801:
11021:
Words in Space and Time: A Historical Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe
10346:
10119:
10115:
10096:
10084:
10046:
10015:
10011:
9971:
9836:
9611:
Historically, fashion has been an important aspect of Poland's national consciousness or
9378:
9241:
9194:
8649:
8580:
8520:
8158:
7425:
7311:
7113:
7028:, where it is taught in Polish-minority schools. Contemporary Poland is a linguistically
6981:
6460:
6269:
6254:
6093:
6062:
6007:
5915:
5784:
5624:
5597:
5582:
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3646:
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3526:
3321:
3248:
2488:
2367:
2335:
2320:
2291:
2234:
1983:
1924:
1909:
1776:
1709:
1603:
1564:
is incised with the earliest known depiction of what may be a wheeled vehicle (3400 BC).
1545:
1483:
1436:
1408:
1288:
1073:
606:
383:
24990:
18122:
17976:"Rozdział 3 – Uprawnienia i obowiązki strażników – Straże gminne. – Dz.U.2019.1795 t.j."
16951:
15720:
11494:
10456:"The Act of December 29, 1989 amending the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic"
10010:
achieved their best results in any FIFA World Cup competitions finishing third place in
9956:
9794:
9293:
9178:
8820:
6186:
5565:
Law enforcement in Poland is performed by several agencies which are subordinate to the
3928:. The largest lakes, covering more than 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi), are
3875:
2790:
in 1813. In the aftermath of Napoleon's exile, the Duchy of Warsaw was abolished at the
65:
27028:
25888:
25685:
25250:
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24910:
24486:
24364:
24311:
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22068:
21308:
21287:
21267:
21128:
20931:
20182:"Act of 6 January 2005 on national and ethnic minorities and on the regional languages"
19777:
19408:
19361:
19263:
17341:
17333:
16763:"The Speaker, Presidium, and Convent of Seniors, Parliamentary Committees (II), s. 281"
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15008:
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4146:
4134:
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3708:
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3073:
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2791:
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2524:
2492:
2448:
2387:
2371:
2339:
2101:
2077:
2022:
1999:
1995:
1928:
1876:
re-instituted the office of king, but was banished in 1079 for murdering his opponent,
1865:
1761:
1580:
1404:
1168:
364:
330:
191:
25917:
23669:
23653:
22445:
The Peasant and Communist Past in the Making of an Ecological Region: Podlasie, Poland
21793:
Polish culture in the Renaissance: studies in the arts, humanism and political thought
21285:
Jakubowska, Longina (1990). "Political Drama in Poland: The Use of National Symbols".
20862:
20772:
19887:
18830:
18541:
18511:
7346:
was the first institution of higher learning established in Poland, and is one of the
6319:
5879:
3491:
2347:
157:
26808:
26586:
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25690:
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25189:
25126:
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24448:
24321:
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20557:
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20479:
20381:
20344:
20297:
20224:
20149:
20110:
20083:
20021:
19809:
19781:
19769:
19412:
19335:
19300:
19231:
19204:
19036:
18997:
18958:
18919:
18763:
18736:
18711:
18612:
18573:"Brain drain claimed 1.7 million youths. So this country is scrapping its income tax"
17878:
17679:
17635:
17596:
17552:
17513:
17474:
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17366:
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16139:
16013:
15971:
15861:
15819:
15767:
15744:
15620:
15595:
15570:
15465:
15457:
15156:"Will Poland ever uncover the truth about the plane crash that killed its president?"
15087:
14926:
14821:
14748:
14703:
14673:
14523:
14507:
Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion
14337:
14312:
14278:
14254:
14212:
14154:
14120:
14086:
14059:
14019:
13896:
13838:
13799:
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13682:
13643:
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13546:
13516:
13375:
13351:
13182:
13145:
13106:
13067:
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12991:
12957:
12930:
12891:
12840:
12801:
12759:
12732:
12676:
12637:
12607:
12578:
12538:
12511:
12456:
12429:
12392:
12357:
12330:
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12285:
12246:
12207:
12168:
12129:
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12051:
12012:
11985:
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11912:
11875:
11838:
11811:
11777:
11740:
11714:
11677:
11633:
11606:
11569:
11518:
11418:
11376:
11337:
11298:
11271:
11228:
11216:
11179:
11142:
11103:
11064:
11025:
10998:
10944:
10905:
10863:
10819:
10782:
10743:
10704:
10208:
9798:
9747:
9743:
9612:
9585:
9526:
9359:
9346:
9154:
9136:
9117:
9084:
9009:
8946:
8654:
8632:
8585:
8501:
8407:
8391:
8364:
8360:
8333:
8244:
8141:. Over 100 of the country's most significant tangible wonders were enlisted onto the
8122:
8100:
7823:
7437:
7383:
7097:
7070:
7046:
secondary administrative languages or auxiliary languages in bilingual municipalities
7013:
6516:
6444:
6351:
5838:
5743:
5551:
5195:
4968:
4648:
4359:
3744:
3638:
3423:
3225:
3221:
3178:
3162:
3126:
3010:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2787:
2724:
2689:
2659:
2577:
2496:
2429:
2410:
2391:
2375:
2312:
2246:
2211:
2011:
1944:
1936:
1717:
1697:
1679:
1675:
1464:
1136:
1105:
1081:
1069:
1019:
500:
486:
457:
246:
24081:
22030:
Many designs imitated the arcaded courtyard and arched loggias of the Wawel palace.
17671:
17199:
17166:
14533:
12729:
Diversity and Dissent: Negotiating Religious Difference in Central Europe, 1500–1800
12596:
10095:
is one of the major teams in international speedway. Individually, Poland has three
9719:
8760:
8227:
are decorated on 24 December, hay is placed under the tablecloth to resemble Jesus'
7052:, around 32% of Polish citizens declared knowledge of the English language in 2015.
6327:
6132:
6124:
3649:
3607:
3521:"), which over time became a political force. Despite persecution and imposition of
2929:
2463:
achieved a decisive victory against the Turks, which ushered the downfall of Sultan
25255:
25047:
24249:
24132:
24112:
24020:
23599:
23221:
21300:
19759:
19400:
19327:
17325:
17310:
Glazebrook, G. deT. (June 1947). "The Middle Powers in the United Nations System".
17124:
16413:
16099:
15724:
15543:
15539:
15075:
14981:
14512:
The Year was 1939: Operation of German Security Police in Poland. Intelligenzaktion
14039:
13988:
13350:, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN), Warszawa 1986,
11544:
11508:
11498:
11333:
Ancient Scandinavia: an archaeological history from the first humans to the Vikings
11208:
10166:
10154:
10111:
10100:
9840:
9820:
9687:
9650:
9601:
9032:
8859:
8665:
8636:
8612:
8564:
8511:
8422:
8348:
8248:
7272:
7246:
7196:
7141:
6447:
and 44.3% in apartments. The most populous administrative province or state is the
6197:
6168:
6148:
6112:
6103:
Seaports exist all along Poland's Baltic coast, with most freight operations using
5919:
5757:
5437:
5422:
5412:
4754:
4075:
3901:
3804:
3538:
3411:
3347:
3194:
2892:
2759:
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2433:
2418:
2324:
2150:
2093:
2073:
2026:
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1651:
1615:
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1575:(1300 BC–500 BC) was marked by an increase in population density, establishment of
1513:
1475:
1412:
1347:
1284:
1256:
1248:
1089:
785:
435:
21583:
21466:
18305:
14876:
10425:
10135:
9336:
8288:
5198:
with freedoms of religion, speech and assembly, prohibits the practices of forced
2100:. The Jagiellonian dynasty also established dynastic control over the kingdoms of
26983:
26855:
26666:
25832:
25482:
25102:
25015:
24823:
24702:
24529:
24457:
24369:
24316:
24291:
24286:
23247:
23164:
22767:
22166:
21698:
21662:
21609:
21546:
19984:
19733:
19679:
19656:
19632:
19404:
18954:
Three decades of Polish socio-economic transformations: geographical perspectives
18472:
17234:
15406:
15343:
15314:"Rule of Law: European Commission acts to defend judicial independence in Poland"
15253:
15004:
14626:
14311:. Comprehensive history of the Holocaust. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
14181:
13676:
13598:
13540:
13415:
13176:
13061:
13022:
12985:
12924:
12885:
12834:
12795:
12753:
12670:
12532:
12450:
12423:
12378:
12123:
11979:
11627:
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10899:
10541:
10306:
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10139:
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9098:
9060:
8934:
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8485:
8459:
8302:
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8232:
8224:
8223:) is not a public holiday, it remains the most memorable day of the entire year.
8174:
There are 13 government-approved annual public holidays – New Year on 1 January,
7420:
7212:
7204:
7021:
7009:
6977:
6403:
6371:
5979:
5975:
5883:
5818:
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4324:
4190:
4158:
4130:
4091:
3970:
3893:
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3851:
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3444:
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3301:
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3229:
3190:
3110:
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2775:
2763:
2508:
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2299:
at its greatest extent in 1619. At that time it was the largest country in Europe
2215:
2128:
2113:
2109:
2097:
1967:
1857:
1756:, the oldest Polish chronicle. An important national event of the period was the
1745:
1596:
1337:
1331:
1101:
1093:
470:
251:
51:
24192:
22742:
Cooking through history: a worldwide encyclopedia of food with menus and recipes
20742:
20286:
19227:
From alchemy to the present day – the choice of biographies of Polish scientists
17946:"Klient kontra ochrona sklepu. Czy mogą nas zatrzymać, przeszukać, legitymować?"
17065:
16676:
16418:
15456:. Warsaw: Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny GUS): 80–81, 84–85, 111.
15079:
14840:
11452:"Archaeologist: We have evidence of the presence of Roman legionaries in Poland"
10131:
9867:. Public television extends its operations to genre-specific programmes such as
5955:
5863:
5807:
5777:
4932:
3712:
3096:. In 1939–1941, the Soviets deported hundreds of thousands of Poles. The Soviet
843:
26798:
26736:
26561:
26493:
26267:
25988:
25952:
25680:
25080:
24777:
24592:
24412:
24254:
23917:
23708:
23595:
23567:
23500:"Tennis fever hits Poland as clubs across the country report surge in interest"
20106:
Multilingualism in the Baltic States: Societal Discourses and Contact Phenomena
18423:"Hundreds of foreign companies taken over by Polish firms over the last decade"
16313:
15376:
15037:
13992:
11736:
The Role of Poland in the Intellectual Development of Europe in the Middle Ages
10300:
10158:
10143:
10127:
10035:
9923:
9915:
9774:
9731:
9711:
9703:
9663:
9545:
9541:
9398:
9386:
9249:
9210:
9068:
8942:
8930:
8903:
8729:
8696:). Several Polish artists and sculptors were also acclaimed representatives of
8616:
8528:
8524:
8279:
7184:
7168:
7118:
7102:
7078:
6413:
6367:
6363:
6355:
6347:
6323:
6120:
6108:
5939:
5847:
5348:
5295:
5226:
4411:
4217:
4154:
4150:
4138:
4071:
4063:
4013:
3978:
3828:
3700:
3664:
3615:
3599:
3595:
3419:
3293:
3101:
2681:
2588:
2557:
2452:
2437:
2414:
2316:
2262:
2168:
2105:
2066:
2058:
2007:
1920:
Prussians; a decision that later led to centuries of warfare with the Knights.
1835:
1572:
1420:
1359:
1315:
1268:
1125:
1077:
1011:
975:
187:
71:
20:
23360:
22793:
22141:
Tourism and Socio-Economic Transformation of Rural Areas: Evidence from Poland
21490:
English Translations of Korczak's Children's Fiction: A Linguistic Perspective
21150:"Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Results from PISA 2018"
20220:
Identity Strategies of Stateless Ethnic Minority Groups in Contemporary Poland
20142:
Natalia Kucirkova; Catherine E Snow; Vibeke Grøver; Catherine McBride (2017).
19672:
18384:
17329:
16700:
16213:
Cross-Border Tourism in Protected Areas: Potentials, Pitfalls and Perspectives
16103:
15728:
15524:
Grochowski, Mirosław (1997). "Poland Under Transition and Its New Geography".
11871:
Mieszko II król Polski: 1025–1034: czasy przełomu w dziejach państwa polskiego
11254:
Attema, P. A. J.; Los-Weijns, Ma; Pers, N. D. Maring-Van der (December 2006).
11212:
10940:
Language and Identity in a West Slavic Borderland: The Case of Teschen Silesia
7124:
Freedom of religion in Poland is guaranteed by the Constitution, and Poland's
7096:, where Roman Catholicism remains a part of national identity and Polish-born
7073:, born Karol Wojtyła, held the papacy between 1978 and 2005 and was the first
6716:
5581:, which maintains public order; and several specialised agencies, such as the
4269:
4189:
are found in most woodlands. Poland is also a significant breeding ground for
3850:
The mountainous belt in the extreme south of Poland is divided into two major
3831:, which is shared with Russia. The largest Polish island on the Baltic Sea is
3719:, supported by Law and Justice party, was re-elected in the 2020 presidential
2127:
state, with a predominantly agricultural economy and an increasingly powerful
2061:. The partnership between Poles and Lithuanians brought the vast multi-ethnic
1963:
26977:
26959:
26946:
26777:
26626:
26189:
25603:
25452:
25114:
24862:
24828:
24662:
24462:
24354:
24010:
23712:
23607:
23069:
22306:
22124:
21387:
20956:
20926:
20514:
Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment
20348:
20301:
19773:
17398:
17274:
The Making of the European Union: Foundations, Institutions and Future Trends
15469:
15461:
12995:
12836:
Global Crisis. War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century
12503:
11842:
11797:
11408:
11220:
10818:(in Polish). Vol. 1. Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności. p. 423.
10200:
10186:
10149:
Poles made significant achievements in mountaineering, in particular, in the
9828:
9739:
9723:
9707:
9669:
9659:
9534:
9502:
9319:
9165:
and moral narratives. The earliest examples of Polish literature, written in
9131:
8855:
8620:
8600:
8540:
8415:
8275:
8183:
8179:
8126:
8105:
7320:
7156:
7145:
7074:
6520:
6487:
6455:, at 1.8 million inhabitants with a further 2–3 million people living in its
6408:
Poland has a population of approximately 38.2 million as of 2021, and is the
6399:
6359:
6335:
6315:
6281:
6258:
6085:
6081:
6046:
6019:
5947:
5728:
5493:
5473:
5246:
5238:
5207:
5163:
4308:
4293:
4170:
4162:
3982:
3966:
3905:
3824:
3641:
with other member states of the European Union were dismantled, allowing for
3634:
3534:
3503:
3407:
3400:
3343:
3297:
3205:
2888:
2880:
2138:
1889:
1831:
1819:
1765:
1741:
1705:
1639:
1631:
1561:
1504:
1451:
were used interchangeably when referring to Poland by chroniclers during the
1432:
1319:
1233:
936:
351:
270:
229:
216:
24473:
23683:
23193:
Agnieszka Stępińska; Artur Lipiński; Dorota Piontek; Agnieszka Hess (2020).
21691:
19764:
19747:
15054:
Poland's NATO accession in 1999 was meant to provide protection from Russia.
13834:
Poland From Partitions to EU Accession: A Modern Economic History, 1772–2004
13149:
11548:
10948:
9604:
is the country's largest beauty products manufacturer, and the retail store
9600:. As of 2020, Poland possesses the sixth-largest cosmetic market in Europe.
8383:
7089:, with 6.9% identifying as having no religion and 20.6% refusing to answer.
5806:, the value of Polish foreign direct investments reached almost 300 billion
4153:
being the unofficial floral emblem. Among the most protected species is the
3808:
3513:
Labour turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "
3100:
executed thousands of Polish prisoners of war (among other incidents in the
2664:
1403:
and its root syllable remains in official use in several languages, notably
25357:
24867:
24833:
24782:
24296:
23023:
18989:
15160:
12510:. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. pp. 116–117, 152.
11522:
10786:
10781:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 64.
9880:
9872:
9463:
9416:
9369:
9221:
9158:
8938:
8922:
8804:
8725:
8677:
8628:
8608:
8544:
8497:
8267:
7358:), established in 1773, was the world's first state ministry of education.
6508:
6097:
5959:
5951:
5509:
5484:
5344:
5298:, it was the first modern constitution in Europe and influenced many later
4343:
4328:
4257:
3977:
in the south-east. The mountainous southern fringes are situated within an
3871:
3716:
3436:
3264:
3256:
3252:
2767:
2363:
2355:
2328:
2266:
2223:
2182:
2160:
1822:. Bolesław also expanded the realm considerably by seizing parts of German
1733:
1536:
1530:
1363:
1252:
1240:
1194:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1096:. The process of establishing statehood coincided with the conversion of a
390:
258:
26103:
21042:"MATURA 2020 | wymagania na STUDIA | jak wygląda | terminy"
20475:
Religion, Politics, and Values in Poland: Continuity and Change Since 1989
14985:
14294:
13225:] (in Polish). Warsaw: PW "Wiedza Poweszechna". pp. 170, 217–218.
6938:
6734:
6656:
6182:
5987:
5604:(AW) which identifies threats and collects secret information abroad. The
5408:
5280:
are not covered by the law, prompting some women to seek abortion abroad.
5001:
4858:
3251:
are marked with white skulls in black squares. The border in 1941 between
1792:
1051:
26721:
26661:
26337:
26058:
25760:
25562:
25542:
25462:
24945:
24762:
24697:
24259:
22643:"Tu się w lasy schroniły wygnane ze zbytkowych stołów, narodowe potrawy,
22588:
21087:
18731:
Neil Wilson; Tom Parkinson; Richard Watkins (2005). "The Eagles' Nests".
18001:"Policja o zwierzchnictwie nad Strażą Miejską w powiecie dzierżoniowskim"
16009:
Applied Ecology: How agriculture, forestry and fisheries shape our planet
15589:
15128:
10099:
World Champions, with the most successful being four-time World Champion
10006:
occurred throughout the 1970s and went on until the early 1980s when the
9987:
9907:
9884:
9876:
9864:
9844:
9679:
9675:
9479:
9341:
9306:
9289:
9182:
9112:
9108:
9005:
8863:
8697:
8661:
8640:
8560:
8402:
8396:
8372:
8312:
8121:
The culture of Poland is closely connected with its intricate 1,000-year
7299:
7160:
7085:
According to the 2021 census, 71.3% of all Polish citizens adhere to the
7048:, where bilingual signs and placenames are commonplace. According to the
7029:
6468:
6300:
6239:
6235:
6174:
6156:
6152:
6088:. Poland has a number of international airports, the largest of which is
5911:
5539:
5433:
5390:
and strategic partners in Europe. Historically, Poland maintained strong
4480:
4379:
4339:
4332:
4279:
4225:
4142:
3998:
3889:
3816:
3676:
3463:
3392:
3380:
3339:
3182:
3070:
2987:
2945:
2250:
2230:
2164:
2054:
1987:
1780:
1627:
1487:
1452:
1383:
1355:
1206:
1148:
444:
429:
406:
23578:
Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami
23142:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 195, 25, 5, 91.
22680:
22072:
21983:. Warsaw (Warszawa): Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN. pp. 44–46.
21899:
Internationalism and the Arts in Britain and Europe at the Fin de Siècle
21110:"Ranking Uczelni Akademickich – Ranking Szkół Wyższych PERSPEKTYWY 2019"
19331:
18270:
18268:
16399:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
16359:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns"
16318:"Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept — A New Political System Model"
16132:
Reidar Andersen; Marco Apollonio; Rory Putman; Piotr Wawrzyniak (2010).
15736:
15551:
15444:
15114:
15012:
14943:
14000:
13929:
12755:
Jesus in History, Legend, Scripture, and Tradition: A World Encyclopedia
11063:(in Polish). Lwów (Lviv): Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 37.
9031:
were used extensively in Polish folk architecture, and the concept of a
8554:
4086:. Forests occupy 31% of Poland's land area, the largest of which is the
3985:
in the southwest and the coldest region is the northeast corner, around
3929:
3885:
2072:
In the Baltic Sea region, the struggle of Poland and Lithuania with the
26691:
26656:
26636:
26327:
26048:
25735:
25730:
25624:
25557:
25497:
25487:
25477:
25382:
25158:
24732:
24692:
24672:
24652:
24557:
24244:
22949:[Maksymilian Faktorowicz – a man who gave us false eyelashes].
22668:
22555:
22248:"The manuscript with the first ever sentence in Polish has be [
21312:
20445:
19847:
The Concept of the International Migration. Statistics System in Poland
19569:
19507:
19075:
18730:
17337:
16170:
15934:
15703:
13979:
Robert Machray (November 1930). "Pilsudski, the Strong Man of Poland".
13956:
13371:
Understanding Mass Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives On Access
12990:(in Polish). Vol. 3. Kraków: Szujski-Kluczycki. pp. 162–163.
10703:. Blue Ridge Summit: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 322.
10104:
9995:
9899:
9785:
9758:
9727:
9638:
9634:
9630:
9620:
9593:
9553:
9530:
9522:
9514:
9487:
9245:
9043:
8895:
8886:). Poland's traditional landscape is characterised by ornate churches,
8705:
8693:
8493:
8376:
8368:
8271:
7222:
7176:
6512:
6495:
6435:
6429:
6144:
6140:
6136:
5971:
5826:
5756:. It is also one of the fastest growing within the Union and reached a
5461:
5288:
5277:
4193:
and hosts around one quarter of the global population of white storks.
4119:
3994:
3933:
3909:
3879:
3867:
3812:
3789:
3765:
3235:
2615:
2155:
2017:
1901:
1804:
1635:
1630:
tribes. Furthermore, archaeological findings confirmed the presence of
1619:
1568:
1509:
1491:
1379:
1351:
1085:
979:
901:
324:
19:"Polska" and "Rzeczpospolita Polska" redirect here. For the dance, see
22469:
21611:
The Idea of Galicia; History and Fantasy in Habsburg Political Culture
21467:"turoń – słownik języka polskiego i poradnia językowa – Dobry słownik"
21060:
Studenci szkół wyższych (łącznie z cudzoziemcami) na dzień 30 XI 2008.
19447:
Preliminary results of the National Population and Housing Census 2021
16814:(in Polish). Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny GUS). 2022.
15818:. Vol. I. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 4–5.
14549:
Oblicza się, że akcja "Inteligencja" pochłonęła ponad 100 tys. ofiar.
14479:"Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution"
13675:
Carolina Armenteros; Dawn Dodds; Isabel Divanna; Tim Blanning (2008).
8756:
7016:
and predominant spoken language in Poland, and is one of the official
6990:
6818:
6700:
6646:
6472:
6248:
5887:
5363:, the European Union's agency for external border security as well as
5070:
4881:
3986:
3866:, extending along Poland's southern border. Poland's highest point is
2999:
1796:
1047:
26877:
26631:
26322:
26043:
25720:
25715:
25660:
25502:
25218:
25074:
Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.
24895:
24667:
21565:
20017:
Observing eurolects corpus analysis of linguistic variation in EU law
19268:
18265:
15700:
14619:
10150:
10138:, winner of two Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. Poland also won the
9868:
9770:
9699:
9695:
9655:
9616:
9440:
9269:
9228:
authors to write in Polish. Prime literarians of the period included
9051:
8786:
8437:
is accredited with composing the first Polish national opera, titled
8430:
8387:
8195:
8170:
on 1 November is one of the most important public holidays in Poland.
7252:
7125:
7041:
7025:
6998:
6870:
6852:
6491:
6073:, maintaining over 5,000 km (3,100 mi) of highways in use.
5923:
5547:
5258:
4808:
4186:
4166:
4039:
3954:
3917:
3785:
3781:
3386:
2257:
and queen consort to Sigismund I, made considerable contributions to
2219:
2124:
1905:
1757:
1721:
1689:
1553:
1525:
1222:
1097:
991:
26403:
23278:
Marszałkowski, Jakub; Biedermann, Sławomir; Rutkowski, Eryk (2021).
21304:
20335:"In Traditionally Catholic Poland, the Young Are Leaving the Church"
19479:(in English and Polish). Główny Urząd Statystyczny GUS. p. 20.
19066:
19064:
18153:"Ustawa z dnia 25 lipca 2001 r. o Państwowym Ratownictwie Medycznym"
18061:
17712:"Data for all countries from 1988–2020 in constant (2019) USD (pdf)"
16481:
16479:
16477:
14959:
From Solidarity to Sell-Out: The Restoration of Capitalism in Poland
13144:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): Uniwersytet Warszawski. p. 21.
10639:"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"
8997:
8824:
8800:
8263:
7343:
7328:
6802:
6768:
6666:
6603:
6476:
6228:
6128:
5899:
5895:
5024:
4835:
4785:
4177:, the last individual dying in Poland in 1627. Game animals such as
3937:
3418:
based in London. This action angered many Poles who considered it a
3017:, turned rule of the Second Polish Republic over to the nonpartisan
2603:, encouraged the development of industries, and embraced republican
2327:
and was the largest state in Europe. Simultaneously, Poland imposed
2186:
2131:
that confined the population to private manorial farmstead known as
1943:
into Poland, which was encouraged by the Polish dukes. In 1264, the
1788:
1725:
1059:
1055:
1043:
26757:
26706:
26701:
26681:
26546:
26362:
26357:
26347:
26245:
26083:
26078:
26068:
25973:
25862:
25786:
25755:
25750:
25417:
25412:
25372:
25367:
25352:
25087:
25037:
25007:
24928:
24923:
24813:
24747:
24742:
24717:
24577:
19668:
19162:
17588:
16047:"That's Polish: Exploring the History of Poland's National Emblems"
14620:
Holocaust: Five Million Forgotten: Non-Jewish Victims of the Shoah.
11099:
The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030–1157)
10646:
9979:
9927:
9911:
9903:
9856:
9605:
9510:
9451:
9261:
9162:
9142:
8982:
8879:
8685:
8604:
7129:
7037:
6836:
6627:
6464:
5761:
5586:
5499:
5387:
5265:
5139:
5047:
4182:
4178:
3777:
3657:
3474:
The new communist government took control with the adoption of the
3467:
3459:
2976:
2464:
2172:
1736:
first defined Poland's geographical boundaries with its capital in
1655:
1592:
1576:
1517:
1495:
1428:
1424:
1382:
of the region and the flat landscape of Greater Poland. During the
1198:
1007:
931:
847:
26824:
25303:
25184:
24982:
23717:
22947:"Maksymilian Faktorowicz – człowiek, który dał nam sztuczne rzęsy"
22923:[Maks Faktorowicz: A Pole who created a cosmetic empire].
18915:
Sustainable Rail Transport 4: Innovate Rail Research and Education
16952:"Dziennik Ustaw nr 78: The Constitution of the Republic of Poland"
15970:. Warsaw (Warszawa): State Forests Information Centre. p. 8.
15284:"Poland's populist Law and Justice party win second term in power"
14797:"ARTICLE by Karol Nawrocki, Ph.D.: The soldiers of Polish freedom"
14579:
13753:
Lucassen, Leo; Feldman, David; Oltmer, Jochen (6 September 2006).
13181:. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 409–413.
11369:
Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (28 October 2013).
10400:"Final results of the National Population and Housing Census 2021"
9471:
9424:
8252:
6784:
6412:
in Europe, as well as the fifth-most populous member state of the
6147:
are the largest Polish ferry operators, with the latter providing
5907:
5225:
for the judicial control of public administration, Common Courts (
4812:
4390:
With the exception of ethnic minority parties, only candidates of
3051:
2607:. For his contributions to the arts and sciences he was awarded a
2405:
2037:
In 1386, Jadwiga of Poland entered a marriage of convenience with
1431:, a West Slavic tribe that dwelt on the south-easternmost edge of
26903:
26731:
26686:
26646:
26606:
26601:
26591:
26576:
26571:
26566:
26551:
26536:
26526:
26516:
26511:
26352:
26302:
26292:
26282:
26277:
26272:
26250:
26240:
26235:
26177:
26073:
26023:
26013:
26003:
25998:
25993:
25978:
25968:
25963:
25770:
25765:
25740:
25695:
25675:
25665:
25582:
25577:
25572:
25552:
25532:
25517:
25507:
25472:
25397:
25362:
25342:
25337:
25332:
25327:
25196:
25179:
25174:
25169:
25032:
24772:
24722:
24682:
24637:
24632:
24622:
24607:
24602:
24597:
24582:
24567:
24562:
24552:
24547:
24542:
24537:
22676:
22664:
22656:
22644:
19061:
18213:"Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) – Poland | Data"
17548:
Nationalism in Contemporary Europe: Concept, Boundaries and Forms
16474:
15032:
13542:
The Peasant Prince: Thaddeus Kosciuszko and the Age of Revolution
12384:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
12349:
11711:
Gesta Principum Polonorum / The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
10231:
9935:
9592:, who created a line of cosmetics company in California known as
9518:
9506:
9475:
9467:
9447:
9432:
9253:
9157:
have traditionally concentrated around the themes of patriotism,
9047:
8970:
8481:
8219:
7264:
6954:
6920:
6439:
Population of Poland from 1900 to 2010 in millions of inhabitants
6420:
was estimated at 1.33 children born to a woman in 2021, which is
6201:
5991:
5859:
5570:
5513:
5360:
5116:
4436:. As of 2022, the voivodeships are subdivided into 380 counties (
4174:
4002:
3921:
3855:
3018:
2900:
2499:
re-established military prowess when he halted the advance of an
2359:
2132:
1897:
1893:
1827:
1823:
1800:
1737:
1729:
1611:
1557:
1015:
1003:
999:
983:
343:
23403:
23277:
20582:
20145:
The Routledge international handbook of early literacy education
20020:. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 295.
19788:
18852:
18030:
17431:
The impact, legitimacy and effectiveness of EU counter-terrorism
17125:
Zsuzsa Csergo; Daina Stukuls Eglitis; Paula M Pickering (2021).
16760:
16485:
16174:
Europe: A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues, Volume 4
12086:
Polska-Niemcy. Stosunki polityczne od zarania po czasy najnowsze
9819:
Headquarters of the publicly funded national television network
9702:, the first successful hand-held operated film camera. In 1897,
9256:
and local culture greatly influenced the literary techniques of
7290:(4 per 1,000 births). In 2019, the principal cause of death was
5261:
for a five-year term to guard the observance of social justice.
5249:, thus protecting the Constitution. Judges are nominated by the
4410:, is formed on three occasions – when a new president takes the
3896:. Poland has one of the highest densities of lakes in the world.
3455:
2249:, the nation's economy and culture flourished. The Italian-born
2104:(1471 onwards) and Hungary. In the south, Poland confronted the
26772:
26762:
26752:
26726:
26716:
26696:
26671:
26651:
26621:
26581:
26556:
26372:
26317:
26297:
26287:
26262:
26201:
26159:
26093:
26038:
26018:
26008:
25983:
25725:
25710:
25705:
25639:
25634:
25608:
25537:
25512:
25447:
25442:
25432:
25377:
25262:
25245:
25213:
24940:
24818:
24792:
24767:
24757:
24737:
24727:
24707:
24687:
24657:
24627:
24612:
24587:
24521:
23687:
23287:. Warsaw (Warszawa): Polish Agency for Enterprise Development.
23002:[Przemysl Inglot already has 400 stores in the world].
22252:] digitalized – News – Science & Scholarship in Poland"
20517:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 103.
18512:"Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$ ) | Data"
18366:"Pracujący w rolnictwie, przemyśle i usługach | RynekPracy.org"
17473:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 324.
17243:] (in Polish). Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 251.
16561:. Warszawa (Warsaw): Wolters Kluwer Polska. 2021. p. 127.
15344:"Poland's Duda narrowly beats Trzaskowski in presidential vote"
15165:
14899:"Solidarity Movement– or the Beginning of the End of Communism"
14668:(2006). "Post-War Migrations in Poland". In: Mirosława Czerny.
14569:
znakomitej większości podczas rzezi wołyńskiej i galicyjskiej."
14208:
The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War
13178:
The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern European History, 1350–1750
12573:(History of Poland until 1505), Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (
10613:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Poland)"
9860:
9852:
9494:
9407:
Selection of popular traditional dishes from Poland, including
9310:(1834) is a national classic. In the 20th century, the English
9024:
9001:
8989:
8891:
8426:
8421:
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Polish baroque composers wrote
8228:
8146:
7392:
7208:
6904:
6886:
6682:
6611:
6593:
6452:
5903:
5850:
is the largest castle in the world measured by land area and a
5356:
5337:
5287:. Instituted to redress long-standing political defects of the
5093:
4955:
4904:
4438:
4111:
4044:
3862:
in the east. The highest part of the Carpathian massif are the
3844:
3502:
failed. A similar situation repeated itself in the 1970s under
2194:
1951:, who came to Poland fleeing persecution elsewhere in Europe.
1740:
and affirmed that its monarchy was under the protection of the
1416:
1399:
1296:
1039:
995:
208:
181:
23019:"Reserved! Polish fashion chain moves into BHS flagship store"
22921:"Maks Faktorowicz: Polak, który stworzył kosmetyczne imperium"
22007:
The architecture of Poland: a chapter of the European heritage
21980:
Cultural Heritage of East Central Europe: A Historical Outline
20054:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
19908:
17362:
Europe and America: the end of the transatlantic relationship?
16884:"Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2021 roku"
16366:
Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies
16249:
Kowalczyk, Barbara; Mikowski, Rafał; Mikowski, Łukasz (2019).
15592:
Interdisciplinary approaches for sustainable development goals
15193:"Ruling Civic Platform Wins Parliamentary Elections in Poland"
12011:. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 14.
11629:
The Catholic Church in Polish History. From 966 to the Present
11096:
Andersson, Theodore Murdock; Morkinskinna, Ellen Gade (2000).
10516:"Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2023 roku"
9918:. Some of the popular video games developed in Poland include
8567:
whose works depict Poland's heritage and key historical events
5938:; the largest castle in the world by land area is situated in
3761:
3324:
Polish Jews. About 90% of deaths were non-military in nature.
3013:, led by the hero of the Polish independence campaign Marshal
2998:, inaugural holder of the presidency, was assassinated at the
2952:
agreed on the reconstitution of Poland, confirmed through the
2096:
under Polish suzerainty and forced the Prussian rulers to pay
26767:
26711:
26641:
26616:
26367:
26332:
26312:
26088:
26053:
26033:
25629:
25527:
25522:
25457:
25437:
25422:
25347:
25042:
24752:
24677:
24647:
23668:
23652:
23249:
The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 4 Volume Set
22672:
22660:
22652:
22648:
20863:"History – Jagiellonian University – Jagiellonian University"
18950:
18420:
17877:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 226–229.
17672:
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2022).
17434:. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 58.
17028:
National Judges As EU Law Judges: The Polish Civil Law System
16846:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 259–271.
16677:
Piotr Machnikowski; Justyna Balcarczyk; Monika Drela (2017).
16523:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. p. 13.
13873:, "The rebirth of Poland was one of the great stories of the
12727:. In Howard Louthan; Gary B. Cohen; Franz A.J. Szabo (eds.).
10072:
is a highly successful strongman competitor and has won more
9549:
9483:
9455:
9408:
9190:
9166:
9028:
8969:(16th century) gave rise to Italianate courtyards, defensive
8336:
was one of the greatest concert pianists of the 20th century.
6750:
5792:
5788:
5555:
5477:
5371:. Apart from the European Union, Poland has been a member of
5364:
4978:
4444:
4414:; when an indictment against the president is brought to the
4126:
4103:
4099:
3913:
3832:
3451:
3332:
3305:
3292:, including between 50,000 and 100,000 members of the Polish
2560:, reigned from 1764 until his abdication on 25 November 1795.
2178:
1917:
1692:, whose acceptance of Christianity under the auspices of the
1647:
1623:
1607:
1387:
1362:
region (6th–8th century CE). The tribe's name stems from the
21297:
Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
20773:"Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) | Data"
20553:
Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland 1919–1939
18336:"Poland promoted to developed market status by FTSE Russell"
17365:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 6.
16886:(in Polish). Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny).
16761:
Bień-Kacała, Agnieszka; Młynarska-Sobaczewska, Anna (2021).
15567:
Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin
14078:
13943:
Marjan Kukiel (1929). "The Polish-Soviet Campaign of 1920".
13756:
Paths of Integration: Migrants in Western Europe (1880–2004)
13513:
Unravelling Civilisation: European Travel and Travel Writing
12452:
Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places
11372:
Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places
9623:, where French dresses inspired by Polish garments included
7105:
weekly in 2021, down from around half in 2000. According to
5914:
as well as museums, zoological gardens, theme parks and the
5428:
The Polish Armed Forces are composed of five branches – the
5178:
adopted in 1791 was the first modern constitution in Europe.
3308:), and another estimated 100,000 Poles were murdered by the
2967:
The Second Polish Republic reaffirmed its sovereignty after
2587:
by Prussia, Russia and Austria took place; an act which the
1986:
in 1340 and imposed quarantine that prevented the spread of
1818:, when Bolesław received permission for his coronation from
1684:
1544:
coincided with the climatic discontinuity at the end of the
167:
25567:
25492:
25467:
25392:
24933:
22494:
21949:
20380:. Vol. II. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenburg. p. 177.
19808:(in Polish). Central Statistical Office. 2015. p. 36.
19132:
19070:
17131:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 168.
16135:
European Ungulates and Their Management in the 21st Century
14267:
13916:
Piotr S. Wandycz (2009). "The Second Republic, 1921–1939".
12428:. Vol. 2. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 210.
9498:
8256:
7419:
are among the most prominent. There are three conventional
5983:
5962:. Regarding nature based travel, notable sites include the
5773:
5372:
5283:
Historically, the most significant Polish legal act is the
4442:), which are further fragmented into 2,477 municipalities (
4375:
4347:
4107:
3611:
3462:
units on Poland's territory. Military alignment within the
3435:
government in Poland, analogous to much of the rest of the
3097:
2904:
2735:, his ultimate defeat ended Poland's independent existence
2622:, the first set of supreme national laws, and introduced a
2171:, when the state was ruled by the seemingly free and equal
2146:
1311:
1307:
1244:
450:
22221:"Polish Literature – The Middle Ages (Religious writings)"
21533:"Summer in Warsaw | Things You Can Do Only in Summer"
20595:. Central Statistical Office. 28 July 2008. Archived from
19626:
Funkcje Metropolitalne Pięciu Stolic Województw Wschodnich
18673:(2). May 2023. Archived from the original on 2 August 2023
17745:"Europa Środkowa i Wschodnia nie kupuje niemieckiej broni"
17128:
Central and East European Politics: Changes and Challenges
16949:
13367:
12455:. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. p. 388.
11176:
Poznać przeszłość 1. Karty pracy ucznia. Poziom podstawowy
11024:. Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 9.
10901:
Bodzia. A Late Viking-Age Elite Cemetery in Central Poland
9058:
are still present in some regions or in open air museums (
4362:
for vote-seat conversion. The Senate is elected under the
4016:
and other factors have further contributed to interannual
3354:, most of whom were Poles, Germans, Ukrainians, and Jews.
3002:
Gallery in Warsaw by a painter and right-wing nationalist
2960:
in November 1918, Poland regained its independence as the
23552:
at Poland For Visitors Online. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
23054:. Kraków: National Museum (Muzeum Narodowe). p. 20.
23043:
23041:
17277:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Press. p. 46.
17031:. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 126–129.
16248:
14672:
Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. pp. 71–87.
12089:. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 53.
9633:. The scope of influence also entailed furniture; rococo
9055:
7443:
7283:
5386:
with the United States, thus becoming one of its closest
5306:
became one of the first countries to introduce universal
5190:. The current democratic constitution was adopted by the
4115:
4095:
4066:, Poland belongs to the Central European province of the
3645:
within most of the European Union. On 10 April 2010, the
3587:
in the early 1990s, enabled the country to transform its
3232:
that began on 1 August 1944 is the best-known operation.
3058:
948:
24516:
23473:"Speedway World Cup: Poland win 2010 Speedway World Cup"
21268:"Biało-Czerwoni – definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia"
20803:"Poland: Country Health Profile 2019 | READ online"
20333:
Rocca, Francis X.; Ojewska, Natalia (19 February 2022).
19297:
Forced Out: The Fate of Polish Jewry in Communist Poland
19264:"Nicolaus Copernicus Biography: Facts & Discoveries"
18990:
Anne Graham; Nicole Adler; Hans-Martin Niemeier (2020).
18634:"International tourism strong despite uncertain economy"
16835:
16833:
16012:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 245.
15757:
12203:
The union of Lublin, Polish federalism in the golden age
11911:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): W. Neriton. p. 82.
9322:
made him one of the most eminent novelists of all time.
8343:
Artists from Poland, including famous musicians such as
8282:
that are previously blessed by clergymen in churches on
8214:
on 11 November and Christmastide on 25 and 26 December.
6257:, the 16th century Polish astronomer who formulated the
6057:, run through Poland. The country has a good network of
5577:), assigned to investigate crimes or transgression; the
5257:. With the approval of the Senate, the Sejm appoints an
3312:(UPA) between 1943 and 1944 in what became known as the
1108:
emerged in 1025, and in 1569 cemented its long-standing
958:
Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states
25947:
23598:(IPN); and expert contributions by Waldemar Grabowski,
22971:
20416:. Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). 2015.
20287:"O wyjazdach zagranicznych i znajomości języków obcych"
20223:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 16.
19163:
Ministry of Climate and Environment (2 February 2021).
17512:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 148.
15891:
15889:
15672:"Nowe ustalenia dotyczące wysokości szczytów w Tatrach"
14828:: An American Ambassador Reports to the American People
13969:
Bitter glory: Poland and its fate, 1918 to 1939; p. 179
12008:
The Grove encyclopedia of medieval art and architecture
10243:
Multiple national identity was available in the census.
9773:). In the 21st-century, two Polish productions won the
9608:
is the country's most successful clothing store chain.
8846:
styles, with strong historical influences derived from
8647:. One of the most distinguished paintings in Poland is
8321:
was a renowned classical composer and virtuoso pianist.
6282:
Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe
6173:
The electricity generation sector in Poland is largely
5382:
In recent years, Poland significantly strengthened its
5351:
in Europe. It has a total of 52 representatives in the
4432:
Poland is divided into 16 provinces or states known as
3747:. Law and Justice became the leading opposition party.
3547:
collapse of communist regimes and parties across Europe
2883:, but its failure saw duchy's status reduced to a mere
1807:, which were later used at his coronation as the first
25156:
23629:
23404:"FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship Poland 2014"
23273:
23271:
23269:
23086:. Metropolitan Museum of Art – via Google Books.
23038:
21950:
Kujawińska-Courtney, Krystyna; Williams, Evan (2011).
21449:"Why Do Poles Leave One Chair Empty on Christmas Eve?"
21431:"Opłatek i pierwsza gwiazdka czyli wigilijne tradycje"
15854:
Azad, Abdul Kalam; Khan, Mohammad Masud Kamal (2021).
15590:
Tymon Zielinski; Iwona Sagan; Waldemar Surosz (2017).
15224:"Donald Tusk named next president of European Council"
15028:"After 20 years in NATO, Poland still eager to please"
14741:
Political Migrations On Polish Territories (1939–1950)
14277:, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa, 1994,
13642:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 313.
12636:. Vol. 1. Oxford: University Press. p. 242.
11178:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): Nowa Era. p. 93.
11141:(in Polish). Wrocław: Starostwo Powiatowe. p. 9.
10489:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
9349:
are celebrated works of world fiction. Poland has six
7453:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
6295:
Poland's tertiary education institutions; traditional
5450:
Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Poland
4456:. The provinces are largely founded on the borders of
3796:, but its south is hilly and mountainous. The average
3422:
by the Allies. In 1944, Stalin had made guarantees to
2591:, under considerable duress, eventually ratified as a
22441:
22282:"The first sentence in Polish in the UNESCO register"
21636:"Pol'and'Rock: Poland's biggest music fest kicks off"
20472:
Ramet, Sabrina P.; Borowik, Irena (26 October 2016).
19196:
17776:"Quick and Bold: Poland's Plan To Modernize its Army"
17634:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): Elipsa. p. 131.
16830:
15807:
15805:
15803:
15801:
15254:"Poland elections: Conservatives secure decisive win"
14055:
Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism Compared
14040:
Russian parliament condemns Stalin for Katyn massacre
13951:(22). Modern Humanities Research Association: 48–65.
13752:
11368:
11095:
9891:. In 2020, the most popular types of newspapers were
8133:("whitereds"). National symbols, chiefly the crowned
5870:(hospitality) sector in 2020. In 2021, Poland ranked
5776:
as legal tender and maintains its own currency – the
3882:, which is 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) below sea level.
3535:
partially free and democratic parliamentary elections
2447:
Moscow for two years after defeating the Russians at
2362:
of the Baltic Sea. State affairs were then headed by
2279:
History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)
26920:
Ukraine-Poland-Lithuania Interparliamentary Assembly
23222:"World Reading Habits in 2020 [Infographic]"
22523:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 261.
22407:
20891:
17804:
17096:"Victims of intentional homicide 1990–2018 – Poland"
16881:
16756:
16754:
16719:"Political System and Administrative Structure (IV)"
16446:"Semi-Presidentialism and Democratisation in Poland"
15886:
14841:"Warsaw Pact: Definition, History, and Significance"
14381:"Poland: Historical Background during the Holocaust"
13534:
13532:
13413:
13141:
Kryzys Oświecenia a początki konserwatyzmu polskiego
13027:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 107.
12508:
Jadwiga of Anjou and the Rise of East-Central Europe
11605:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 21–22.
11253:
10742:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
10176:
9521:, are common. Meals conclude with a dessert such as
5600:
safeguarding Poland's internal security, along with
3652:, along with 89 other high-ranking Polish officials
2731:, led Polish insurgents. Despite the victory at the
2470:
Sigismund's long reign in Poland coincided with the
1860:
in Poland was not instantaneous and resulted in the
1143:
at the end of the 18th century. Poland regained its
23266:
21956:. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars. pp. 115–116.
21129:"The impact of the 1999 education reform in Poland"
20511:Laursen, John Christian; Nederman, Cary J. (2011).
20414:"Infographic – Religiousness of Polish inhabitants"
19503:"Fertility rate, total (births per woman) – Poland"
18993:
Air Transport and Regional Development Case Studies
17908:
17906:
15811:
15641:"Najwyższe szczyty w Tatrach Polskich i Słowackich"
15564:
14307:Browning, Christopher R.; Matthäus, Jürgen (2004).
14192:including the capture of the monastery hill at the
14146:
12633:
The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union 1385–1569
11943:
10122:, winner of 20 WTA career singles titles including
9615:, and the country developed its own style known as
8631:, developed in the late 19th century for promoting
5760:status in 2018. The unemployment rate published by
4346:
parliament consisting of a 460-member lower house (
2794:in 1815 and its territory was divided into Russian
1370:meaning field, which in-itself originates from the
23188:
23186:
22618:"Tokarczuk and Handke win Nobel Literature Prizes"
22593:"Szymborska's 'View': Small Truths Sharply Etched"
22137:
21515:"Śmigus-Dyngus: Poland's National Water Fight Day"
20930:
19393:Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations
18636:. World Tourism Organization UNWTO. Archived from
17839:
17631:Wojsko Polskie w przemianach ustrojowych 1989–2001
17584:
17582:
17580:
17198:
17165:
17102:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2018.
16980:
16908:
16171:Kevin Hillstrom; Laurie Collier Hillstrom (2003).
15798:
14013:
13798:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 613.
12789:
12787:
12595:
12587:
12356:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 139.
12318:
12167:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 366.
11676:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 468, 480–481.
11568:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 132.
11336:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 212.
10700:Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2020–2022
8394:. Other early compositions, such as the melody of
4311:. The executive power is exercised further by the
3243:with deportation routes and massacre sites. Major
2222:denomination and became the co-founders of global
1378:indicating flatland. The etymology alludes to the
1072:, with continuous settlement since the end of the
22886:Strybel, Robert; Strybel, Maria (31 March 2019).
22470:"The Joseph Conrad Society (UK) Official Website"
21385:
20377:Religious communities and civil society in Europe
19843:
19565:"Urban population (% of the population) – Poland"
19472:
19443:
19429:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
18542:"Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | Data"
18183:"GDP growth (annual %) – Poland | Data"
16989:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
16917:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
16769:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
16751:
16725:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
16712:
16710:
16685:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
16644:. Oxford: Hart Publishing. pp. 51, 52, 221.
16641:The Constitution of Poland: A Contextual Analysis
16255:. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
16138:. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 223–231.
15445:Polish Ministry of Education and Science (2019).
15371:
15369:
14334:Black earth: the Holocaust as history and warning
13795:Science, Technology, and Society: An Encyclopedia
13529:
12839:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 122.
11102:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 471.
10986:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10978:
10976:
10974:
10972:
10970:
4448:). Major cities normally have the status of both
3047:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
2975:, when Poland inflicted a crushing defeat on the
2272:
1672:History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty
1209:. Through the emergence and contributions of the
27009:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
26975:
23327:
23047:
23000:"Przemyski Inglot ma już 400 sklepów na świecie"
22769:Rick Steves Snapshot Kraków, Warsaw & Gdańsk
22766:Steves, Rick; Hewitt, Cameron (15 August 2017).
22357:"Dwujęzyczność w twórczości Jana Kochanowskiego"
22116:The Architecture of Poland: An Historical Survey
21820:Historical Atlas of Central Europe – 3rd Edition
21765:"Ranking polskich galerii ze współczesną sztuką"
20441:"How steep is Poland's drop in Mass attendance?"
20088:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
20056:(Treaty 157). Council of Europe. 1 February 1995
18708:The 50 Greatest Castles and Palaces of the World
18691:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
18123:"Projekt ustawy o krajowym systemie ratowniczym"
17903:
17020:
17018:
16877:
16875:
16808:"Liczba jednostek podziału terytorialnego kraju"
16323:. Department of Education, School of Education,
15447:"Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland"
15440:
15438:
15436:
15434:
15432:
15430:
15428:
14830:. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1948.
14306:
14246:
14242:
14240:
14112:
14058:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152–153.
13915:
12758:. Denver, Colorado: ABC-CLIO. pp. 577–578.
12316:
12043:
11480:
11417:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 247.
10735:
10420:
10418:
8660:Internationally renowned Polish artists include
5500:Security, law enforcement and emergency services
4402:Members of the Sejm and Senate jointly form the
4157:, Europe's heaviest land animal, as well as the
3811:in the east. The beach coastline is abundant in
3788:. The central and northern region bordering the
3500:Collectivisation in the Polish People's Republic
3447:from the outset which continued into the 1950s.
3443:, the Soviet influence over Poland was met with
3145:. Polish troops played an important role in the
3061:tanks on military manoeuvres shortly before the
2774:. The Poles actively aided French troops in the
1931:aimed to unite the fragmented dukedoms, but the
1848:is the only Polish king to receive the title of
1744:. The country's early origins were described by
1712:accepted Christianity under the auspices of the
23565:
23301:
23183:
23131:
23129:
23127:
22738:
22521:Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Cinema
22144:. Milton: Taylor & Francis. pp. 4–30.
22119:. London: Polish Research Centre. p. 241.
21929:. Kraków: Kluszczyński. pp. 16, 158, 170.
21482:
21480:
20510:
20373:
20216:
20070:. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013
19223:
19138:"Frequently Asked Questions on Energy Security"
18853:"Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad"
18600:
18598:
18570:
18392:"Polish economy seen as stable and competitive"
17577:
17470:International Human Rights Law: An Introduction
17427:
16839:
16716:
16633:
16631:
16629:
16488:"Civil Service; Basic information about Poland"
14640:"Polish experts lower nation's WWII death toll"
14608:
14458:
14434:"Poland World War II casualties (in thousands)"
14356:
13890:
13340:
13066:. Vol. 2. London: J. Murray. p. 504.
12784:
12563:
11830:
11632:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 15.
10774:
10049:in the world. The team won a gold medal at the
8425:and secular compositions such as concertos and
4327:for a five-year term. The current president is
3711:was sworn in as the Prime Minister, succeeding
2863:. After its collapse, Congress Poland lost its
1116:. At the time, the Commonwealth was one of the
618:312,696 km (120,733 sq mi) (
25305:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
23497:
22997:
22885:
22745:. Santa Barbara: Greenwood. pp. 431–432.
22138:Kosmaczewska, Joanna; Poczta, Walenty (2021).
20691:"Prywatnie leczy się już ponad połowa Polaków"
20590:"Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland, 2008"
20328:
20326:
19476:Area and population in the territorial profile
19419:on 1 May 2020 – via content.sciendo.com.
19192:
19190:
19165:"Energy Policy of Poland until 2040 (EPP2040)"
18781:
18779:
18421:Dorota Ciesielska-Maciągowska (5 April 2016).
17807:Eksport uzbrojenia i sprzętu wojskowego Polski
17466:
16802:
16800:
16798:
16717:Jasiński, Wojciech; Kremens, Karolina (2019).
16707:
15499:"Cechy krajobrazów Polski – Notatki geografia"
15454:Rocznik Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
15407:"Donald Tusk elected as Polish prime minister"
15366:
15121:
14784:European Refugee Movements After World War Two
14336:(First ed.). New York: Tim Duggan Books.
14288:
13987:(2). University of California Press: 195–199.
13978:
13681:. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars. p. 247.
13510:
12926:The History of the Baltic States – 2nd Edition
12675:. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 101.
12486:
12484:
12425:The Middle Ages. Dictionary of World Biography
11831:Kumor, Bolesław; Obertyński, Zdzisław (1974).
11297:. Oxford: University Press. pp. 766–783.
11294:The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age
10967:
10134:, winner of two Grand Slam doubles titles and
9540:Traditional alcoholic beverages include honey
7449:Programme for International Student Assessment
7111:, "Of more than 100 countries studied by the
3043:Military history of Poland during World War II
2386:. In 1592, Sigismund succeeded his father and
2014:became Poland's first female monarch in 1384.
1469:
26840:
26419:
26145:
25933:
25812:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
25289:
25142:
24502:
24478:
23733:
23099:
23097:
23095:
23093:
22637:
22092:(in Polish). Poland: Politechnika Krakowska.
21850:. Warsaw (Warszawa): Interpress. p. 30.
21796:. Firenze: University Press. pp. 14–16.
21000:
20998:
20996:
20925:
20478:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 147.
20102:
19723:European Spatial Planning Observation Network
19224:Nodzyńska, Małgorzata; Cieśla, Paweł (2012).
19169:Ministry of Climate and Environment of Poland
18631:
18487:"The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011"
18451:Thomas White International (September 2011),
17667:
17665:
17663:
17196:
17015:
16958:. National Assembly (Zgromadzenie Narodowe).
16872:
16005:
15849:
15847:
15425:
14237:
14140:
14106:
14051:
13963:
13942:
13879:Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World
13246:
13244:
13098:
12949:
12797:The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733–1795
12722:
12718:
12716:
12593:
11867:
11665:
11663:
11661:
11414:Heart of Europe. The Past in Poland's Present
10850:
10534:
10415:
10394:
10392:
8917:11th century), but its traces in the form of
6542:Statistics Poland (GUS) 2021 and GUS BDL 2021
6200:(EPP2040) would reduce the share of coal and
5221:as the country's highest judicial organ, the
3458:) and agreed to the permanent garrisoning of
2723:, who had several years earlier served under
2116:, and in the east helped Lithuania to combat
2029:, and resulted in a decisive victory for the
1888:divided his lands among his sons. These were
1435:. The origin of the tribe's name lies in the
24868:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark
23353:
23124:
23051:Crossroads of Costume and Textiles in Poland
22972:Stella Rose Saint Clair (12 February 2014).
22765:
22739:Byrd Hollar, Melanie; Dunn, John P. (2020).
22712:
22581:
22089:Walka o polski styl narodowy w architekturze
22031:
21712:"Lady with an Ermine – by Leonardo Da Vinci"
21477:
20471:
20332:
19853:. Główny Urząd Statystyczny GUS. p. 5.
19450:. Główny Urząd Statystyczny GUS. p. 1.
19326:. World Intellectual Property Organization.
19230:. Cracow: Pedagogical University of Kraków.
18595:
18492:. World Economic Forum. pp. 27 (41/516)
18478:
17467:Weissbrodt, David S.; Vega, Connie (2010) .
17428:De Londras, Fiona; Doody, Josephine (2015).
17157:
16638:Granat, Mirosław; Granat, Katarzyna (2021).
16637:
16626:
16600:. Florence: Taylor and Francis. p. 67.
16387:
14670:Poland in the geographical centre of Europe.
14153:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 276–.
14072:
14016:Poland in the Modern World: Beyond Martyrdom
13924:(2). University of Illinois Press: 159–171.
12922:
12245:. Warszawa (Warsaw): Więzi. pp. 58–59.
12050:. Poznań: Podsiedlik-Raniowski. p. 47.
11709:Knoll, Paul W.; Schaer, Frank, eds. (2003),
11458:. Polish Ministry of Education and Science.
11449:
10943:. Austin: University of Texas. p. 127.
10893:
10891:
10778:Język polski. Pochodzenie, powstanie, rozwój
10607:
10605:
10603:
10601:
10599:
10597:
10002:are other popular sports. The golden era of
9667:
9035:was commonplace. Secular structures such as
8735:Notable art academies in Poland include the
8125:, and forms an important constituent in the
6069:. As of August 2023, Poland has the world's
6029:Transport in Poland is provided by means of
5615:Emergency services in Poland consist of the
3533:and by 1989 had triumphed in Poland's first
2719:, where a popular and distinguished general
2241:a sense of urgency in the need to promote a
1595:, attributed to the Lusatian culture of the
1341:
99:
43:
25853:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
23444:
23199:. Berlin: Logos Verlag. pp. 110, 114.
23103:
22974:"Makeup Masters: The History of Max Factor"
22628:
22587:
22373:
22335:. Cambridge University Press. p. 364.
21895:
21843:
20833:"Imports of Drugs and Medicines by Country"
20709:
20323:
19682:, accessed on 12 March 2009. Data for 2004.
19386:
19187:
18911:
18787:"UNTWO World Tourism Barometer, Vol.5 No.2"
18776:
17595:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 174–175.
16795:
16044:
15812:Korzeniewska, Ewa; Harnisz, Monika (2020).
14586:. Institute of National Remembrance. 2013.
14481:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
14409:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
13545:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 352 pages.
13538:
12481:
12044:Biber, Tomasz; Leszczyński, Maciej (2000).
11708:
10860:The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names
10319:
9761:commonly explored in Polish cinema include
8239:) are shared between gathered guests and a
7144:culture and traditional learning until the
6451:and the most populous city is the capital,
6219:Polish people § Science and technology
5367:, one of the principal institutions of the
4421:
4404:National Assembly of the Republic of Poland
3707:with the European Union. In December 2017,
3177:and Polish scientists participating in the
2713:rose several times against the partitioners
1970:in Kraków. Beginning in 1333, the reign of
1749:
1100:to Christianity, under the auspices of the
1030:(EU), with over 38 million people, and the
27034:States and territories established in 1918
27019:Member states of the Three Seas Initiative
26847:
26833:
26426:
26412:
26152:
26138:
25940:
25926:
25807:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
25296:
25282:
25149:
25135:
24509:
24495:
23740:
23726:
23196:Populist Political Communication in Poland
23104:Ford, Charles; Hammond, Robert M. (2009).
23090:
22854:
22830:
22212:
22112:
22003:
21976:
21789:
21735:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 47.
21284:
21120:
20993:
20217:Michna, Ewa; Warmińska, Katarzyna (2020).
20103:Lazdiņa, Sanita; Marten, Heiko F. (2018).
19745:
19323:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition
18759:Development of Tourism and Travel Industry
18755:
18059:
17660:
17309:
16558:Foundations of Law: The Polish Perspective
16437:
16078:
15844:
15619:. Stanford: University Press. p. 89.
15617:Islandology: Geography, Rhetoric, Politics
15523:
15197:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
15065:
14923:
14815:
14584:1943 Wołyń Massacres Truth and Remembrance
14503:
14253:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 34.
14186:
14119:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 18.
13717:The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History
13456:
13450:
13438:
13401:
13334:
13322:
13310:
13298:
13286:
13241:
13213:
12800:. Yale University Press. pp. 21, 14.
12793:
12713:
12350:Britannica Educational Publishing (2013).
12277:
12199:
11658:
11198:
10736:Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2001).
10411:
10409:
10389:
10375:
9690:traces its origins to 1894, when inventor
8708:and contemporary art movements, including
8152:
7447:(third cycle qualification). In 2018, the
7151:Contemporary religious minorities include
5787:. The country's largest firms compose the
4231:
4173:. The region was also home to the extinct
3628:consequent enlargement of the organisation
3573:death of Poland's top government officials
2823:
1947:introduced unprecedented autonomy for the
1799:. Also, Otto bestowed upon Bolesław royal
1668:History of Poland during the Piast dynasty
1552:10,000 BC), when Poland became habitable.
1397:The country's alternative archaic name is
166:
156:
26484:Commission against Racism and Intolerance
23465:
23451:(in Polish). Poland: Agora. p. 153.
23162:
23110:. London: Eurospan. pp. 12–14, 118.
22191:
21870:
21823:. Toronto: University Press. p. 37.
21762:
21614:. Stanford University Press. p. 57.
20068:"Full list - Treaty Office - www.coe.int"
19763:
19700:. Joel Kotkin and Praxis Strategy Group.
18466:Global Financial Development Report 2014.
17831:
17229:
16486:Serwis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (n.d.).
16417:
15025:
14998:
14776:
14737:
14692:
14250:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
14204:
14116:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
14032:
13574:. G. Allen & Unwin., ltd, 136 pages.
13475:
13466:(History of Poland 1764–1864), pp. 74–101
13137:
13105:(in Polish). Polska: Morex. p. 101.
12953:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
12534:The Visegrad Four and the Western Balkans
12530:
12284:. Piekary Śląskie: ZP Grupa. p. 28.
12206:. East European Monographs. p. 271.
12128:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): Bellona.
12004:
11904:
11771:
11739:. Kraków: Societas Vistulana. p. 7.
11669:
11600:
11512:
11502:
11201:"Art of cheese-making is 7,500 years old"
11017:
10990:
10888:
10815:Pisma pośmiertne. Granice plemienia Polan
10811:
10594:
8286:. Easter Monday is celebrated with pagan
8251:journey around smaller towns with a folk
6215:Timeline of Polish science and technology
6208:
3331:. Over two million Polish inhabitants of
2910:
2338:, the first elected king, approbated the
2193:from 1038 until the capital was moved to
1587:. A significant archaeological find from
1066:Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil
795:
178:Location of Poland (dark green)
26479:Commission for the Efficiency of Justice
25090:which has sovereignty over Vatican City.
23107:Polish Film: A Twentieth Century History
22794:"gorzała – Słownik języka polskiego PWN"
22563:"Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature"
22218:
22164:
21922:
21790:Facca, Danilo; Lepri, Valentina (2013).
21660:
20749:. United Nations Development Programme.
20627:. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 116.
20556:. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. p. 7.
19736:, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007)
19727:Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)
19387:Barcikowska, Renata (1 September 2016).
18951:Paweł Churski; Tomasz Kaczmarek (2022).
17627:
17544:
17270:
17072:. United Nations Development Programme.
16981:Kamarad, Ewa; Wysocka-Bar, Anna (2020).
16909:Kamarad, Ewa; Wysocka-Bar, Anna (2020).
16494:. Government of the Republic of Poland.
16177:. ABC-CLIO World geography. p. 34.
16006:Frouz, Jan; Frouzova, Jaroslava (2022).
15960:
15853:
15103:Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali
14696:Political Migrations in Poland 1939–1948
14150:The other Europe: Eastern Europe to 1945
13713:
13636:Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, W.H. (2001).
13596:
13568:"The Rising of Kościuszko (Chapter VII)"
13020:
12883:
12325:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p.
12082:
12047:Encyklopedia Polska 2000. Poczet władców
11984:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 834.
11134:
10696:
10631:
10485:"Surface water and surface water change"
9955:
9814:
9654:
9569:
9402:
9189:. The oldest extant manuscripts of fine
8603:trends, with Polish painting pivoted on
8162:
8104:
7350:still in continuous operation. Poland's
7319:
7065:
6989:
6434:
6011:
5874:in the world by international arrivals.
5842:
5503:
5407:
5327:
5167:
4472:, an executive elected by the assembly.
4369:
4149:designated as national animals, and the
4038:
3953:
3940:at 108.5 metres (356 ft) in depth.
3884:
3760:
3562:
3552:
3379:
3234:
3189:distinguished itself in the battles for
3161:and are particularly remembered for the
3116:
3050:
2928:
2897:political, social and cultural reprisals
2663:
2548:
2404:
2384:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
2290:
2177:
2016:
1966:in 1296, and the first to be crowned at
1840:
1700:marked the beginning of statehood in 966
1683:
1503:
650:
161:
25817:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
23445:Fedor, Dariusz; Ramlau, Łukasz (2009).
23219:
22685:
22245:
22195:Values in the Polish Cultural Tradition
22171:. Italy: Gangemi Editore. p. 121.
22165:Centroni, Alessandra (3 January 2016).
22058:
21816:
20743:"Poland – Human Development Indicators"
20740:
19909:Departament Rynku Pracy MRPiPS (2021).
19032:Baltic Region—The Region of Cooperation
17742:
17678:. Milton: Routledge. pp. 134–137.
17066:"Human Development Indicators – Poland"
17063:
17024:
16593:
16516:
16393:
16353:
15930:"Forest area (% of land area) – Poland"
15669:
15100:
14971:
14956:
14174:
14079:Steven J. Zaloga; Richard Hook (1982).
13791:
13565:
12987:Dzieła Józefa Szujskiego. Dzieje Polski
12983:
12751:
12502:
11796:
11561:
11534:
11290:
11056:
10406:
10018:tournaments. The team won a gold medal
8753:Geppert Academy of Fine Arts in Wrocław
8599:Art in Poland has invariably reflected
5567:Ministry of Interior and Administration
4406:. The National Assembly, headed by the
4051:, is commonly found at the ancient and
4035:Geography of Poland § Biodiversity
3545:. The Solidarity movement heralded the
3537:since the end of the Second World War.
3241:the Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
3080:on 17 September. On 28 September 1939,
2645:
1923:In the first half of the 13th century,
26976:
23163:Tzvetkova, Juliana (12 October 2017).
23139:Historical Dictionary of Polish Cinema
23135:
23016:
22518:
22495:"The Joseph Conrad Society of America"
22330:
22085:
22024:
21573:"The Music Courts of the Polish Vasas"
21486:
20620:
20549:
20438:
19995:from the original on 22 September 2022
19601:European Statistical Office "Eurostat"
18749:
18705:
18652:
17912:
17163:
16347:
14747:. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences.
14431:
14331:
12929:. Westport: ABC-CLIO. pp. 37–38.
12871:
12832:
12707:
12672:The Parliaments of Early Modern Europe
12668:
12490:
12475:
12448:
12421:
12376:
12353:Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland
12160:
11977:
11950:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 34–35.
11806:. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Oxford:
11565:Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland
11407:
11199:Subbaraman, Nidhi (12 December 2012).
11060:Lechici w świetle historycznej krytyki
10997:. New York: Cornell University Press.
10936:
10522:from the original on 22 September 2023
10370:Constitution of the Republic of Poland
9831:(2015), 78 percent of Poles watch the
9501:, cereals and a variety of breads and
9169:, date to the 12th century. The first
9116:(1834) is considered a masterpiece of
8755:. Contemporary works are exhibited at
8145:, with further 17 being recognised by
6424:. Furthermore, Poland's population is
5606:Central Investigation Bureau of Police
5596:(ABW, or ISA in English) is the chief
4118:. An estimated 69% of all forests are
4078:– Central, Northern, Western European
3691:were won by the national-conservative
3683:, and resigned as prime minister. The
3614:in 1999. Poles then voted to join the
3506:, but most of the time persecution of
2887:; and subsequent integration into the
1221:and Poland re-established itself as a
26828:
26433:
26407:
26133:
25921:
25277:
25130:
24490:
24477:
23721:
23679:. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). 1922.
23663:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1911.
23383:"FIVB Men's Volleyball World Ranking"
23252:. Wiley. 6 March 2017. p. 1160.
22671:, sztuka mięsa, pieczenie huzarskie,
21763:Sarzyński, Piotr (12 February 2013).
21728:
21688:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland
21607:
21022:from the original on 10 November 2021
20937:. Columbia University Press. p.
20933:God's Playground: 1795 to the present
20873:from the original on 13 December 2021
20843:from the original on 11 December 2021
20813:from the original on 23 December 2021
20311:from the original on 16 February 2022
19545:from the original on 21 December 2023
19294:
19049:from the original on 1 September 2023
19010:from the original on 1 September 2023
18971:from the original on 1 September 2023
18932:from the original on 1 September 2023
18912:Marinov, Marin; Piip, Janene (2021).
18286:from the original on 21 December 2023
17943:
17870:
17409:from the original on 21 December 2021
17358:
16962:from the original on 6 September 2022
16443:
16312:
16209:
16092:Animal Genetics Resources Information
15614:
15413:from the original on 13 December 2023
15377:"Situation Ukraine Refugee Situation"
15190:
15154:Smith, Alex Duval (7 February 2016).
15153:
15026:Sieradzka, Monika (3 November 2019).
14961:. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
14387:from the original on 12 November 2019
14014:Brian Porter-Szücs (6 January 2014).
13945:The Slavonic and East European Review
13830:
13368:Ted Tapper; David Palfreyman (2005).
13274:
13262:
13250:
13235:
13174:
12884:Ward, Adolphus; Hume, Martin (2018).
12629:
12121:
11803:God's Playground: A History of Poland
11625:
11462:from the original on 15 February 2022
11329:
11173:
10582:from the original on 23 December 2022
10458:. Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych.
10305:
10277:
10043:Polish men's national volleyball team
9559:
9544:, widespread since the 13th century,
8909:The earliest architectonic trend was
8390:compositions related to the Parisian
8243:is served that same evening when the
5448:. The military is subordinate to the
5324:List of diplomatic missions of Poland
3541:, a Solidarity candidate, eventually
3357:
3263:Nazi German forces under orders from
3076:on 1 September 1939, followed by the
2871:and legislative assembly. During the
2568:of 1764 resulted in the elevation of
2214:became the doctrine of the so-called
1646:around the 6th century AD; they were
21681:
21548:Individuals and Their Social Context
21126:
20753:from the original on 28 January 2019
20453:from the original on 18 October 2023
20355:from the original on 14 October 2023
20148:. New York: Routledge. p. 139.
20013:
19860:from the original on 28 January 2022
19746:Jażdżewska, Iwona (September 2017).
19694:"Major Metropolitan Areas in Europe"
19607:from the original on 21 January 2023
19348:from the original on 22 October 2023
19319:
19144:from the original on 16 January 2023
19114:from the original on 21 January 2022
18756:Watts, Robin; Parks, Zishan (2018).
18604:
18316:from the original on 2 February 2013
18280:Ministry of Family and Social Policy
18090:
17852:from the original on 10 January 2022
17505:
17076:from the original on 28 January 2019
15857:Bioenergy Resources and Technologies
15505:from the original on 29 October 2020
15264:from the original on 25 October 2015
14859:
14580:"What were the Volhynian Massacres?"
14485:from the original on 3 November 2019
13714:Kappeler, Andreas (27 August 2014).
13059:
12238:
11732:
11670:Curta, Florin; Holt, Andrew (2016).
11116:from the original on 4 February 2024
11038:from the original on 4 February 2024
10897:
10876:from the original on 4 February 2024
10756:from the original on 4 February 2024
10717:from the original on 7 February 2024
10672:United Nations Development Programme
10668:"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
10552:from the original on 21 October 2023
10462:from the original on 19 October 2020
10436:from the original on 19 January 2024
10130:; former World No. 1 doubles player
9209:(1474) is Poland's oldest surviving
8278:are painted and placed in decorated
7413:Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
6139:adapted to receive oceanic vessels.
5922:and chapels carved by miners out of
5530:Emergency medical services in Poland
5313:
4212:. There are 123 areas designated as
4080:temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
3959:Köppen-Geiger climate classification
2891:in 1871. In Russia, the fall of the
1661:
1394:was widely used throughout Europe.
27014:Member states of the United Nations
27004:Member states of the European Union
26854:
23747:
23475:. worldspeedway.com. Archived from
22857:"Forgotten Beer Styles: Grodziskie"
21487:Borodo, Michał (22 February 2020).
20641:from the original on 2 October 2023
20570:from the original on 2 October 2023
20531:from the original on 2 October 2023
20492:from the original on 2 October 2023
20394:from the original on 2 October 2023
20237:from the original on 2 October 2023
20162:from the original on 2 October 2023
20034:from the original on 2 October 2023
19691:
18893:from the original on 27 August 2023
18427:Central European Financial Observer
18346:from the original on 9 January 2021
18223:from the original on 12 August 2020
17891:from the original on 2 October 2023
17837:
17786:from the original on 28 August 2022
17755:from the original on 28 August 2022
17692:from the original on 2 October 2023
17609:from the original on 2 October 2023
17565:from the original on 2 October 2023
17526:from the original on 2 October 2023
17487:from the original on 2 October 2023
17448:from the original on 2 October 2023
17379:from the original on 2 October 2023
17291:from the original on 2 October 2023
17205:. Oxford University Press. p.
17172:. Oxford University Press. p.
17145:from the original on 2 October 2023
17045:from the original on 2 October 2023
17003:from the original on 2 October 2023
16987:Private International Law in Poland
16931:from the original on 2 October 2023
16915:Private International Law in Poland
16860:from the original on 2 October 2023
16783:from the original on 2 October 2023
16739:from the original on 2 October 2023
16658:from the original on 2 October 2023
16614:from the original on 2 October 2023
16575:from the original on 2 October 2023
16269:from the original on 2 October 2023
16230:from the original on 2 October 2023
16152:from the original on 2 October 2023
16026:from the original on 2 October 2023
15874:from the original on 2 October 2023
15832:from the original on 2 October 2023
15129:"Europe's border-free zone expands"
14590:from the original on 13 August 2013
14413:from the original on 24 August 2019
13812:from the original on 2 October 2023
13678:Historicising the French Revolution
13420:. Polska Akademia Nauk. p. 151
12650:from the original on 2 October 2023
12602:. Oxford University Press. p.
12537:. Baden-Baden: Nomos. p. 173.
12181:from the original on 2 October 2023
12025:from the original on 2 October 2023
11837:. Poznań: Pallottinum. p. 12.
11690:from the original on 2 October 2023
11582:from the original on 2 October 2023
11450:Zdziebłowski, Szymon (9 May 2018).
11389:from the original on 24 August 2021
11350:from the original on 2 October 2023
11311:from the original on 2 October 2023
10660:
10507:
10118:singles titles; former World No. 2
10079:Poland has made a distinctive mark
10036:UEFA European Football Championship
9280:composed the first Polish-language
8270:, usually 52 days prior to Easter.
7506:Polish ethnicity (including mixed)
7497:Polish ethnicity (including mixed)
7259:) in Poland are subordinate to the
6092:. It is the primary global hub for
5930:in the country, largely within the
5802:. According to reports made by the
5512:patrol car belonging to the Polish
3993:, where the climate is affected by
3247:are marked with yellow stars. Nazi
3088:, Poland was split into two zones,
2838:was a veteran and hero of both the
2585:First Partition of the Commonwealth
2529:War of the Polish Succession (1733)
1990:. In 1364, Casimir inaugurated the
1644:second wave of the Migration Period
1135:With the passing of the prosperous
1084:the region became inhabited by the
13:
23309:"FIFA World Cup Statistics-Poland"
23017:Butler, Sarah (2 September 2016).
22408:Peter Melville Logan, ed. (2014).
22380:. University of California Press.
21875:. Warsaw: Sigma NOT. p. 152.
21006:"Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2016 r."
20783:from the original on 25 April 2010
19911:"Zezwolenia na pracę cudzoziemców"
19825:from the original on 8 August 2019
19295:Wolak, Arthur J. (12 March 2004).
19102:"Poland. Summary of Coal Industry"
19076:"Poland – Countries & Regions"
18863:from the original on 5 August 2023
18552:from the original on 25 April 2010
18484:
18398:. 9 September 2010. Archived from
18372:from the original on 25 April 2020
17913:Narodowego, Biuro Bezpieczeństwa.
17819:from the original on 28 March 2022
17773:
17724:from the original on 28 April 2021
17106:from the original on 28 March 2022
16890:from the original on 25 March 2022
15324:from the original on 28 March 2021
14440:from the original on 18 April 2007
14085:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 3–.
13617:from the original on 18 April 2023
13578:from the original on 19 March 2022
13478:"Constant, Sismondi et la Pologne"
12731:. Berghahn Books. pp. 30–45.
12142:from the original on 20 April 2023
11646:from the original on 14 April 2023
10904:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 36, 62.
10678:from the original on 19 March 2024
10495:from the original on 24 March 2021
9895:and socio-political news dailies.
9769:, war, culture and black realism (
9134:, author of popular books such as
8448:
7417:University of Technology in Gdańsk
7215:, some of whom are members of the
7140:, and the country was a centre of
7094:most religious countries in Europe
7050:Centre for Public Opinion Research
6392:List of cities and towns in Poland
6198:Energy Policy of Poland until 2040
5772:, the country has not adopted the
5633:National Medical Emergency Service
5253:and are appointed for life by the
4428:Administrative divisions of Poland
3950:Geography of Poland § Climate
3715:, in office since 2015. President
2750:liberated western Poland ahead of
2311:, a unified federal state with an
1834:, and southwestern regions of the
1141:partitioned by neighbouring states
1130:Europe's first modern constitution
1028:member state of the European Union
184: (green & dark grey)
14:
27045:
26814:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
23798:Partitions, duchies and kingdoms
23623:
23582:Institute of National Remembrance
22713:Amanda Fiegl (17 December 2008).
22377:Propaganda and the Jesuit Baroque
22034:"Renaissance Cultural Background"
21902:. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 116.
21844:Karczmarzyk, Włodzimierz (1990).
20420:from the original on 9 March 2017
20123:from the original on 24 July 2023
19483:from the original on 6 March 2022
19454:from the original on 6 March 2022
18632:Press Release (5 November 2012).
18583:from the original on 30 July 2019
18193:from the original on 10 July 2017
18163:from the original on 17 June 2022
18103:from the original on 14 June 2022
18072:from the original on 21 June 2022
18060:Antykorupcyjne, Centralne Biuro.
17944:Rybak, Marcin (6 December 2018).
17743:Lepiarz, Jacek (27 August 2022).
17648:from the original on 24 July 2023
17545:Suszycki, Andrzej Marcin (2021).
17403:Website of the Republic of Poland
16818:from the original on 21 June 2022
16537:from the original on 24 July 2023
16191:from the original on 25 July 2023
16057:from the original on 3 April 2022
15910:from the original on 28 June 2022
15780:from the original on 24 July 2023
15758:Christine Zuchora-Walske (2013).
15479:from the original on 3 March 2022
15387:from the original on 27 June 2022
15354:from the original on 13 July 2020
15221:
14520:Institute of National Remembrance
14225:from the original on 25 July 2023
13851:from the original on 25 July 2023
13773:from the original on 24 July 2023
13734:from the original on 24 July 2023
13656:from the original on 24 July 2023
13635:
13603:. Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 204.
13195:from the original on 6 April 2023
13156:from the original on 24 July 2023
13119:from the original on 24 July 2023
13102:Encyklopedia historii Polski: A-M
13080:from the original on 5 April 2023
13041:from the original on 27 July 2023
13002:from the original on 4 April 2023
12950:Halina Lerski (30 January 1996).
12853:from the original on 5 April 2023
12814:from the original on 4 April 2023
12689:from the original on 5 April 2023
12551:from the original on 4 April 2023
12387:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p.
12298:from the original on 24 July 2023
12259:from the original on 24 July 2023
12220:from the original on 24 July 2023
12103:from the original on 24 July 2023
12064:from the original on 24 July 2023
11925:from the original on 25 July 2023
11849:from the original on 24 July 2023
11753:from the original on 24 July 2023
11155:from the original on 24 July 2023
11077:from the original on 24 July 2023
10955:from the original on 24 July 2023
10918:from the original on 7 April 2023
10832:from the original on 24 July 2023
10793:from the original on 24 July 2023
10775:Lehr-Spławiński, Tadeusz (1978).
10572:"Statistical Bulletin No 11/2022"
9998:, tennis, fencing, swimming, and
9962:Kazimierz Górski National Stadium
9855:as well as 24-hour news channels
9187:UNESCO's Memory of World Register
8749:University of Fine Arts in Poznań
8266:and sweet pastry feast occurs on
8139:National Heritage Board of Poland
7441:(second cycle qualification) and
7376:), a five-year technical school (
7363:Ministry of Education and Science
6538:Largest cities or towns in Poland
5918:, with its labyrinthine tunnels,
5251:National Council of the Judiciary
5194:on 2 April 1997; it guarantees a
4464:), an elected regional assembly (
3681:President of the European Council
3575:in a plane crash on 10 April 2010
3529:, it eroded the dominance of the
3488:was officially proclaimed in 1952
3185:. In the east, the Soviet-backed
3181:were co-creators of the American
2570:Stanisław II Augustus Poniatowski
2163:in 1505, transferred most of the
1779:, Bolesław obtained the right of
1151:in 1918 with the creation of the
190: (green) – [
26896:
26883:
26870:
26217:
26102:
25902:
25901:
25403:Democratic Republic of the Congo
25108:
25097:
25096:
24791:
24183:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
23702:
23692:
23543:
23517:
23491:
23438:
23417:
23396:
23375:
23240:
23213:
23156:
23076:
23048:Biedrońska-Słota, Beata (2005).
23010:
22991:
22965:
22939:
22913:
22879:
22848:
22804:
22786:
22759:
22732:
22706:
22610:
22537:
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22487:
22462:
22435:
22401:
22367:
22349:
22324:
22299:
22274:
22246:www.ideo.pl, Ideo Sp. z o.o. –.
22239:
22192:Dyczewski, Leon (29 July 2002).
22185:
22158:
22131:
22106:
22079:
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21997:
21970:
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21889:
21864:
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21034:
20963:
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20885:
20855:
20825:
20795:
20765:
20734:
20697:from the original on 1 June 2022
20683:
20671:from the original on 31 May 2022
20653:
20624:Great Pilgrimage Sites of Europe
20614:
20543:
20504:
20465:
20439:Coppen, Luke (18 January 2023).
20432:
20406:
20374:Graf Strachwitz, Rupert (2020).
20367:
20279:
20267:from the original on 2 July 2022
20249:
20210:
20174:
20135:
20096:
20046:
20007:
19977:
19947:
19933:
19921:from the original on 31 May 2022
19902:
19872:
19837:
19739:
19716:
19704:from the original on 31 May 2022
19685:
19662:
19641:
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19577:from the original on 31 May 2022
19557:
19527:
19515:from the original on 3 June 2022
19495:
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19288:
19276:from the original on 30 May 2022
19256:
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19156:
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19094:
19082:from the original on 24 May 2022
19022:
18983:
18944:
18905:
18875:
18845:
18815:
18724:
18699:
18625:
18611:. OECD Publishing. p. 251.
18571:Ivana Kottasová (30 July 2019).
18564:
18534:
18522:from the original on 31 May 2011
18504:
18458:
18445:
18414:
18358:
18328:
18298:
18253:from the original on 13 May 2021
18235:
18205:
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18145:
18133:from the original on 12 May 2022
18115:
18084:
18053:
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18023:
18011:from the original on 12 May 2022
17993:
17981:from the original on 12 May 2022
17968:
17956:from the original on 31 May 2022
17937:
17864:
17798:
17767:
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17704:
17621:
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17499:
17460:
17421:
17391:
17352:
17303:
17264:
17223:
17190:
17118:
17088:
17057:
16974:
16950:Sejm of the Republic of Poland.
16943:
16902:
16670:
16587:
16549:
16510:
16498:from the original on 30 May 2022
16451:. School of Law and Government,
16306:
16281:
16242:
16203:
16164:
16125:
16072:
16038:
15999:
15987:from the original on 31 May 2022
15954:
15942:from the original on 30 May 2022
15922:
15751:
15694:
15663:
15633:
15608:
15583:
15558:
15517:
15491:
15399:
15336:
15306:
15294:from the original on 31 May 2022
15276:
15246:
15234:from the original on 31 May 2022
15215:
15203:from the original on 30 May 2022
15184:
15172:from the original on 30 May 2022
15147:
15094:
15059:
15044:from the original on 31 May 2022
15019:
14992:
14965:
14950:
14917:
14901:. September 2020. Archived from
14891:
14847:from the original on 31 May 2022
14833:
14803:from the original on 12 May 2022
14789:
14731:
14686:
14659:
14650:
14632:
14613:
14602:
14572:
14562:
14557:took the lives of 100,000 Poles.
14497:
14471:
14452:
14425:
14399:
14373:
14350:
14325:
14300:
14198:
14045:
14007:
13972:
13936:
13909:
13884:
13863:
13824:
13785:
13746:
13707:
13695:from the original on 9 July 2023
13668:
13629:
13590:
13559:
13504:
13492:from the original on 12 May 2022
13469:
13444:
13432:
13407:
13395:
13374:. RoutledgeFalmer. p. 140.
13361:
13328:
13316:
12904:from the original on 9 July 2023
12772:from the original on 24 May 2023
12575:Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
11603:Poland: The First Thousand Years
11431:from the original on 18 May 2023
10994:Poland. The First Thousand Years
10307:[ʐɛt͡ʂpɔsˈpɔlitaˈpɔlska]
10193:
10179:
10153:and the winter ascending of the
10093:national speedway team of Poland
10034:. In 2012, Poland co-hosted the
9284:. Poland's leading 19th-century
9185:. It has been since included in
9124:
9097:
8812:
8785:
8627:. An important art movement was
8572:
8553:
8471:
8467:Mazurka no. 4 in a minor, op. 17
8367:, and traditional, regionalised
8326:
8311:
7352:Commission of National Education
6650:
6640:
6597:
6587:
6247:
6238:was the first person to win two
6227:
5858:In 2020, the total value of the
4717:
4702:
4687:
4670:
4655:
4640:
4625:
4610:
4595:
4580:
4563:
4548:
4533:
4518:
4501:
4486:
4479:
4350:) and a 100-member upper house (
4268:
4246:
3559:History of Poland (1989–present)
3441:As elsewhere in Communist Europe
3346:. The western border became the
2816:
2754:advance into Prussia during the
2597:Commission of National Education
2398:endured until 1599, when he was
2265:, language and court customs at
2076:continued and culminated at the
2027:German Order of Teutonic Knights
1205:was a founding signatory of the
1128:political system, which adopted
1076:. Culturally diverse throughout
820:
819:
794:
772:
771:
753:
752:
720:
719:
701:
700:
649:
113:
78:
64:
23630:Gov.pl – Polish national portal
23498:Blanka Konopka (10 June 2022).
22998:Norbert Ziętal (13 July 2013).
21608:Wolff, Larry (9 January 2012).
21357:"Album "100 pomników historii""
21223:
19035:. Cham: Springer. p. 203.
18957:. Cham: Springer. p. 321.
18918:. Cham: Springer. p. 280.
18097:Centralne Biuro Śledcze Policji
17919:Biuro Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego
17841:"Poland ends army conscription"
16840:Martí-Henneberg, Jordi (2021).
16216:. Cham: Springer. p. 115.
15860:. London: Elsevier. p. 6.
15766:. ABDO Publishing. p. 28.
15569:. Cham: Springer. p. 385.
13304:
13292:
13280:
13268:
13256:
13229:
13207:
13168:
13131:
13092:
13053:
13014:
12977:
12943:
12916:
12890:. Vachendorf: Perennial Press.
12877:
12865:
12826:
12745:
12701:
12662:
12623:
12524:
12496:
12469:
12442:
12415:
12381:. In Frucht, Richard C. (ed.).
12370:
12343:
12310:
12271:
12232:
12193:
12154:
12115:
12076:
12037:
11998:
11971:
11937:
11898:
11861:
11824:
11790:
11765:
11726:
11702:
11619:
11594:
11555:
11528:
11474:
11443:
11401:
11362:
11323:
11284:
11247:
11235:from the original on 8 May 2021
11192:
11167:
11128:
11089:
11050:
11011:
10930:
10844:
10805:
10768:
10729:
10690:
10564:
10513:
10477:
10448:
10336:
10292:
10264:
10089:the highest average attendances
9175:Day ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai
9089:History of philosophy in Poland
8770:
7267:and patient care. Poland has a
7018:languages of the European Union
7005:road sign with the village name
6381:
5998:lie in the extreme south-east.
5359:serves as the headquarters for
5302:across the globe. In 1918, the
4106:; the most common conifers are
4028:
3774:ninth-largest country in Europe
3637:in 2007, as a result of which,
3028:
2899:, followed by deportations and
2877:Greater Poland Uprising of 1848
2609:Fellowship of the Royal Society
2451:. Sigismund also countered the
2360:lands across the eastern shores
2145:composed of a lower house, the
1500:Poland in the Early Middle Ages
1443:(plain). Initially, both names
1346:. The name is derived from the
1167:period. In September 1939, the
1026:and is the fifth most populous
1022:climate. Poland is composed of
668:122/km (316.0/sq mi) (
29:Rzeczpospolita (disambiguation)
25843:International Francophonie Day
23559:
22855:Jim Hughes (4 February 2013).
22715:"A Brief History of the Bagel"
22442:Eunice L. Blavascunas (2008).
22086:Rączka, Jan Władysław (2001).
21729:Cross, Mary (31 August 2017).
19941:"Poland - European Commission"
19407:(inactive 17 September 2024).
19197:Richard Francis Mould (1993).
18706:Pickup, Gilly (7 March 2019).
18066:Centralne Biuro Antykorupcyjne
17838:Day, Matthew (5 August 2008).
17774:L., Wojciech (29 March 2022).
17405:. Government of Poland. 2022.
15594:. Cham: Springer. p. 79.
15544:10.1080/00085006.1997.11092140
13759:. Amsterdam University Press.
13586:– via Project Gutenberg.
13511:Schulz-Forberg, Hagen (2005).
12887:The Wars of Religion in Europe
11774:Bolesław Chrobry – lew ryczący
11772:Urbańczyk, Przemysław (2017).
10991:Dabrowski, Patrice M. (2014).
10363:
10255:
10246:
10237:
10221:
8906:, which originated in Poland.
8878:network of streets forming an
8741:Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
7251:Medical service providers and
6045:. The country is part of EU's
5926:beneath the ground. There are
5705:Employment-to-population ratio
5637:Państwowe Ratownictwo Medyczne
5598:counterintelligence instrument
5375:, the United Nations, and the
5292:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3490:. In 1956, after the death of
3431:Soviet Union instituted a new
3271:in occupied Poland, including
2969:a series of military conflicts
2772:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
2758:. In accordance with the 1807
2640:partitioned for the third time
2436:, and a year later the Polish
2309:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2297:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
2287:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2283:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
2273:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2210:that beset Europe. In Poland,
1974:was marked by developments in
1904:, with intermittent hold over
1884:into five principalities when
1708:. In 966, ruler of the Polans
1114:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
515:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
26989:1918 establishments in Poland
26474:Commissioner for Human Rights
25052:country of the United Kingdom
23584:(IPN). Hardcover, 353 pages.
23166:Pop Culture in Central Europe
22411:The Encyclopedia of the Novel
22113:Dmochowski, Zbigniew (1956).
21977:Roszkowski, Wojciech (2015).
21953:European Culture in Diversity
21817:Magocsi, Paul Robert (2018).
21701:Access date 13 December 2007.
21692:An Overview of Polish Culture
21582:. p. 244. Archived from
20892:Jan IJ. van der Meer (2002).
19985:"GUS – Bank Danych Lokalnych"
19880:"Filling Poland's labour gap"
19603:. European Commission. 2020.
17805:Government of Poland (2019).
17322:University of Wisconsin Press
17186:– via Internet Archive.
16882:Government of Poland (2021).
16053:. Adam Mickiewicz Institute.
15961:Milewski, Wawrzyniec (2017).
15815:Polish River Basins and Lakes
14609:Materski & Szarota (2009)
14459:Materski & Szarota (2009)
14357:Materski & Szarota (2009)
14042:". BBC News. 26 November 2010
13566:Gardner, Monica Mary (1942).
13414:Polska Akademia Nauk (1973).
12531:Griessler, Christina (2020).
12200:Dembkowski, Harry E. (1982).
10356:
10142:with Agnieszka Radwańska and
10091:for any sport in Poland. The
10081:in motorcycle speedway racing
10008:Polish national football team
9783:(2002) by Roman Polański and
9490:, also originated in Poland.
9078:
8945:as well as the cathedrals of
8926:
8914:
8414:, lived in the 15th century.
7512:Not reported or no ethnicity
7503:Not reported or no ethnicity
7494:Not reported or no ethnicity
7435:(first cycle qualification),
7302:and pharmaceutical products.
6486:, 37,310,341 people reported
5610:Central Anticorruption Bureau
5217:in Poland is composed of the
4354:). The Sejm is elected under
4094:found across the country are
3798:elevation above the sea level
3626:on 1 May 2004, following the
3624:Poland becoming a full member
3364:History of Poland (1945–1989)
3141:and Soviet leadership in the
3035:History of Poland (1939–1945)
2917:History of Poland (1918–1939)
2541:History of Poland (1795–1918)
2534:
2483:, followed by the decimating
2141:sanctioned the creation of a
1935:and the death of Henry II in
1812:
1654:would come to dominate other
1591:is a fortified settlement at
1419:possibly derives from either
1042:; other major cities include
476:
26162:European Economic Area (EEA)
25239:Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship
22927:(in Polish). 7 February 2013
21661:Guillain, Charlotte (2012).
21392:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
21058:Central Statistical Office:
19649:World Urbanization Prospects
19405:10.14611/minib.21.09.2016.12
17551:. Zürich: LIT. p. 193.
17241:History of Poland, 1505–1764
16983:"General Introduction, s. 2"
16911:"General Introduction, s. 3"
16767:Constitutional law in Poland
15565:BACC Editorial Team (2015).
14936:University of Illinois Press
14211:. Harvard University Press.
14147:E. Garrison Walters (1988).
13021:Peterson, Gary Dean (2014).
12794:Butterwick, Richard (2021).
12571:Historia Polski do roku 1505
11944:Anita J. Prazmowska (2011).
11504:10.1371/journal.pone.0054360
11138:Dzieje powiatu wrocławskiego
10862:. Oxford: University Press.
9020:styles (17th–19th century).
8115:national and cultural symbol
7458:
7305:
7181:Seventh-day Adventist Church
7173:Pentecostal Church in Poland
6986:Bilingual communes in Poland
6971:
6396:Metropolitan areas in Poland
6332:Warsaw School of Mathematics
6001:
5944:Auschwitz concentration camp
5862:in Poland was 104.3 billion
5560:2010 Central European floods
5347:and is transitioning into a
5223:Supreme Administrative Court
3800:is estimated at 173 metres.
3750:
3531:Polish United Workers' Party
3484:Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
3391:—political poster featuring
3376:Polish Round Table Agreement
3285:transported millions of Jews
3218:degree-awarding universities
3090:one occupied by Nazi Germany
3069:World War II began with the
2895:(1863–1864) prompted severe
2875:, Poles took up arms in the
2786:shortly before his death at
1785:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
1325:
1281:very high standard of living
7:
25599:French Community of Belgium
25229:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
23964:Central European Initiative
23775:Prehistory and protohistory
23707:Geographic data related to
23646:Central Intelligence Agency
23281:The Game Industry of Poland
22545:"O Wiedźminie i Wiedźmince"
22223:(in Polish). Archived from
21896:Brockington, Grace (2009).
20296:(in Polish) (5): 13. 2016.
19134:International Energy Agency
19072:International Energy Agency
18608:Tourism Trends and Policies
18306:"Poland National Debt 2020"
16419:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
16252:Environmental law in Poland
16045:Aniskiewicz, Alena (2016).
15678:(in Polish). Archived from
15080:10.1080/0140238042000249876
14875:(in Polish). Archived from
14666:Bogumiła Lisocka-Jaegermann
13639:A Concise History of Poland
13515:. Peter Lang. p. 162.
13476:Bertholet, Auguste (2021).
13099:Dzięgielewski, Jan (1994).
13060:Dyer, Thomas Henry (1861).
12281:Jaki znak twój? Orzeł Biały
12278:Wróblewski, Bohdan (2006).
11601:Dabrowski, Patrice (2014).
11135:Fabisiak, Wojciech (2002).
10739:A Concise History of Poland
10697:Thompson, Wayne C. (2021).
10617:International Monetary Fund
10172:
9181:and reflected the use of a
9023:Primary building materials
8921:are scarce. The arrival of
8737:Kraków Academy of Fine Arts
8443:, which premiered in 1794.
8241:twelve-dish meatless supper
8143:Historic Monuments Register
7269:universal healthcare system
7165:Evangelical-Augsburg Church
7055:
6410:ninth-most populous country
5397:
5334:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
5320:Foreign relations of Poland
5192:National Assembly of Poland
4356:proportional representation
4210:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
3725:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3723:. As of November 2023, the
3395:to encourage votes for the
3202:wartime resistance movement
3123:303 Polish Fighter Squadron
2778:, particularly those under
2756:War of the Fourth Coalition
2218:, who separated from their
2212:Nontrinitarian Christianity
2123:Poland was developing as a
2092:, which created the future
1941:German and Flemish settlers
1862:pagan reaction of the 1030s
1480:Bronze- and Iron-Age Poland
1470:Prehistory and protohistory
1423:, a legendary ruler of the
10:
27050:
26799:Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)
26383:
26113:
24900:British Overseas Territory
24518:Countries and dependencies
23335:"FIFA Statistics – Poland"
22374:Evonne Levy (April 2004).
21871:Szolginia, Witold (1992).
19844:Statistics Poland (n.d.).
19473:Statistics Poland (2021).
19444:Statistics Poland (2021).
18667:World Tourism Organization
18453:Prominent Banks in Poland.
17313:International Organization
17236:Historia Polski, 1505–1764
16520:Religion and Law in Poland
14504:Wardzyńska, Maria (2009).
13993:10.1525/curh.1930.33.2.195
13539:Storozynski, Alex (2009).
13462:Józef Andrzej Gierowski –
13346:Józef Andrzej Gierowski –
13223:Władysław IV and His Times
13138:Kizwalter, Tomasz (1987).
11978:Melton, J. Gordon (2011).
11905:Krajewska, Monika (2010).
11834:Historia Kościoła w Polsce
11330:Price, T. Douglas (2015).
11018:Kamusella, Tomasz (2022).
10812:Potkański, Karol (2004) .
10146:representing the country.
10053:and the gold medal at the
10041:As of September 2024, the
9945:
9808:
9648:
9563:
9396:
9392:
9082:
8874:), encircled by a grid or
8774:
8538:
8500:(1832), commemorating the
8300:
8156:
8098:
8094:
7509:Only non-Polish ethnicity
7500:Only non-Polish ethnicity
7356:Komisja Edukacji Narodowej
7309:
7271:based on an all-inclusive
7244:
7059:
6975:
6639:
6586:
6529:
6385:
6366:and Nobel Prize laureates
6312:Lwów School of Mathematics
6261:model of the solar system.
6212:
6166:
6005:
5970:in the east; on the south
5936:Trail of the Eagles' Nests
5932:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5868:accommodation and catering
5852:UNESCO World Heritage Site
5836:
5832:
5812:Central Statistical Office
5741:
5642:
5617:emergency medical services
5523:
5401:
5317:
5285:Constitution of 3 May 1791
5161:
4425:
4331:and the prime minister is
4297:semi-presidential republic
4235:
4084:Carpathian montane conifer
4032:
3947:
3943:
3754:
3556:
3543:won the presidency in 1990
3416:Polish government-in-exile
3361:
3327:In 1945, Poland's borders
3175:cracking the Enigma cipher
3135:Polish Government in Exile
3032:
2914:
2873:European Spring of Nations
2796:Congress Kingdom of Poland
2762:, Napoleon proclaimed the
2729:American Revolutionary War
2690:Austrian Habsburg Monarchy
2649:
2538:
2276:
2159:act adopted by the Polish
2149:, and an upper house, the
2088:gave royal consent to the
2010:. Louis' younger daughter
1665:
1589:the protohistory of Poland
1550:Northern Polish glaciation
1542:anatomically modern humans
1473:
1462:
1458:
1329:
1277:fifth largest by GDP (PPP)
1110:association with Lithuania
990:in the south, bordered by
371:semi-presidential republic
109:("Poland Is Not Yet Lost")
18:
26912:
26862:
26791:
26745:
26502:
26441:
26381:
26226:
26215:
26168:
26111:
26100:
25959:
25897:
25876:
25825:
25799:
25779:
25653:
25617:
25592:National/regional members
25591:
25320:
25311:
25165:
25069:
25025:
25000:
24975:
24962:
24909:
24885:
24878:
24855:
24842:
24800:
24789:
24528:
24484:
24479:Links to related articles
24442:
24393:
24345:
24230:
24217:
24208:
24103:
24094:
23954:
23945:
23883:
23874:
23834:
23765:
23756:
23698:Wikimedia Atlas of Poland
23580:] (excerpts online).
23448:Polska, to tu się zaczęło
23361:"Poland hosts Euro 2012!"
23169:. ABC-CLIO. p. 188.
22909:– via Google Books.
22702:– via Google Books.
22519:Booker, M. Keith (2020).
22431:– via Google Books.
22208:– via Google Books.
22004:Miłobędzki, Adam (1994).
21752:– via Google Books.
21503:– via Google Books.
20975:www.dlaprzedszkolaka.info
20747:Human Development Reports
19732:24 September 2015 at the
19213:– via Google Books.
19203:. CRC Press. p. 19.
18883:"Linie kolejowe w Polsce"
18660:"World Tourism Barometer"
17675:The Military Balance 2022
17330:10.1017/S0020818300006081
17070:Human Development Reports
17025:Jaremba, Urszula (2013).
16293:www.constituteproject.org
16289:"Poland 1997 (rev. 2009)"
16104:10.1017/S1014233900004582
16081:"History of the Aurochs (
14957:Kowalik, Tadeusz (2011).
14738:Eberhardt, Piotr (2011).
14693:Eberhardt, Piotr (2006).
14275:Polskie Państwo Podziemne
14263:– via Google Books.
14247:Jerzy Jan Lerski (1996).
14205:Kochanski, Halik (2014).
14170:– via Google Books.
14136:– via Google Books.
14113:Jerzy Jan Lerski (1996).
14102:– via Google Books.
14018:. John Wiley & Sons.
13781:– via Google Books.
13742:– via Google Books.
13555:– via Google Books.
13482:Annales Benjamin Constant
13464:Historia Polski 1764–1864
13348:Historia Polski 1764–1864
13219:Władysław IV i jego czasy
12956:. ABC-CLIO. p. 678.
12833:Parker, Geoffrey (2017).
12669:Graves, M. A. R. (2014).
12630:Frost, Robert I. (2018).
12422:Magill, Frank N. (2012).
12317:Stanley S. Sokol (1992).
12005:Hourihane, Colum (2012).
11291:Harding, Anthony (2020).
11213:10.1038/nature.2012.12020
11174:Jurek, Krzysztof (2019).
9941:
9668:
9644:
8858:. Settlements founded on
8149:as World Heritage Sites.
7479:
7476:
7473:
7240:
7187:denominations, including
7044:. Poland also recognises
7024:in parts of neighbouring
6162:
6071:21st-largest road network
5872:12th most visited country
5798:, which is traded on the
5752:and the fifth largest by
5727:
5716:
5703:
5689:
5678:
5667:
5654:
5526:Law enforcement in Poland
5496:and southeastern Europe.
5446:Territorial Defence Force
4739:
4734:
4478:
4088:Lower Silesian Wilderness
4049:Poland's national animals
3965:The climate of Poland is
3839:. Poland also shares the
3823:and lagoons, notably the
3699:, resulting in increased
3508:anti-communist opposition
3478:on 19 February 1947. The
3078:Soviet invasion of Poland
2859:rebelled in what was the
2853:non-commissioned officers
2336:Henry de Valois of France
1958:became the first king of
1752:Gesta principum Polonorum
1688:Poland under the rule of
1098:pagan ruler of the Polans
954:
942:
930:
918:
908:
896:
872:
854:
839:
809:
784:
765:
746:
732:
713:
694:
676:
662:
643:
636:
626:
612:
605:
601:
584:
569:
554:
539:
524:
511:
496:
483:
467:
463:
456:
441:
426:
416:
412:
397:
380:
376:
363:
342:
293:
257:
245:
201:
153:
100:
94:
60:
38:
16:Country in Central Europe
25388:Central African Republic
25157:Countries bordering the
23959:Administrative divisions
23604:Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert
23228:. Global English Editing
23220:Cabrera, Isabel (2020).
22686:Strybel, Robert (2003).
22168:Restauro e ricostruzione
22061:Canadian Slavonic Papers
21923:Marcinek, Roman (2002).
21667:. Raintree. p. 29.
20741:Nations, United (2020).
17628:Zalewski, Jerzy (2002).
17359:Bindi, Federiga (2019).
17231:Gierowski, Józef Andrzej
17064:Nations, United (2020).
16679:"Political System (III)"
15670:Siwicki, Michał (2020).
15527:Canadian Slavonic Papers
14332:Snyder, Timothy (2015).
13891:Glenn E. Curtis (1994).
13597:Nicholls, David (1999).
12923:O'Connor, Kevin (2015).
12161:Davies, Norman (2010) .
12083:Krasuski, Jerzy (2009).
11874:. Secesja. p. 112.
11733:Ożóg, Krzysztof (2009).
11673:Great Events in Religion
11057:Małecki, Antoni (1907).
10542:"Poland country profile"
10214:
9804:
9155:literary works of Poland
8645:Polish School of Posters
8296:
7284:Human Development Report
6511:. More than 1.7 million
6428:, and the country has a
6422:among the world's lowest
6286:quantity theory of money
6179:greenhouse gas emissions
6135:is the only port in the
5810:at the end of 2014. The
5594:Internal Security Agency
4422:Administrative divisions
4301:representative democracy
3673:Prime Minister of Poland
3643:full freedom of movement
3600:post-communist countries
3567:Flowers in front of the
3480:Polish People's Republic
3368:Polish People's Republic
3352:millions of other people
3310:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2432:which was engulfed in a
2307:of 1569 established the
1916:to aid in combating the
1567:The period spanning the
1354:tribe who inhabited the
1304:World Trade Organization
1203:Polish People's Republic
1181:marked the beginning of
1032:fifth largest EU country
26809:Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)
26459:Parliamentary Assembly
26454:Committee of Ministers
25848:Jeux de la Francophonie
25056:British-Irish Agreement
24158:Regional GDP per capita
23676:Encyclopædia Britannica
23660:Encyclopædia Britannica
23550:Summer Sports in Poland
22889:Polish Heritage Cookery
22474:josephconradsociety.org
21386:UNESCO World Heritage.
20898:. Rodopi. p. 233.
20550:Marcus, Joseph (2011).
20340:The Wall Street Journal
19765:10.1515/mgrsd-2017-0017
19758:(3). Sciendo: 107–113.
19752:Miscellanea Geographica
18996:. Abingdon: Routledge.
18823:"PAIH | Transport"
18396:Warsaw Business Journal
17871:Zięba, Ryszard (2020).
17271:Berglund, Sten (2006).
17164:Davies, Norman (1996).
16517:Stanisz, Piotr (2020).
16395:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
16355:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
15729:10.1023/A:1007165901891
14625:25 January 2018 at the
14273:Stanisław Salmonowicz,
14194:Battle of Monte Cassino
14082:The Polish Army 1939–45
13893:Poland: A Country Study
13877:." Margaret MacMillan,
13572:Kościuszko: A Biography
13277:, pp. 409–412, 666
12984:Szujski, Józef (1894).
12752:Houlden, J. L. (2015).
12449:Watson, Noelle (2013).
11808:Oxford University Press
11626:Ramet, Sabrina (2017).
11549:10.1163/187633004x00116
11268:University of Groningen
10430:Encyclopedia Britannica
10055:FIVB World Championship
10026:and two silver medals,
9964:in Warsaw, home of the
9590:Maksymilian Faktorowicz
9566:Category:Polish fashion
9207:Calendarium cracoviense
8745:Art Academy of Szczecin
8204:Feast of the Assumption
8153:Holidays and traditions
7336:Jagiellonian University
7325:Jagiellonian University
7237:, take place annually.
7108:The Wall Street Journal
6290:Global Innovation Index
6024:Wrocław railway station
5990:trail are located. The
5804:National Bank of Poland
5785:high globalisation rate
5754:purchasing power parity
5200:medical experimentation
4232:Government and politics
4074:. The country has four
3669:parliamentary elections
3167:Battle of Monte Cassino
3155:North African Campaigns
3086:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
2921:Battle of Warsaw (1920)
2865:constitutional autonomy
2632:1792 Polish–Russian War
2628:Targowica Confederation
2624:constitutional monarchy
2380:Archduke Maximilian III
2370:. Stephen's successor,
2358:, granting Poland more
2053:which spanned the late
2051:Polish–Lithuanian union
2043:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2025:was fought against the
1880:. In 1138, the country
1720:. In 968, a missionary
1583:) and the expansion of
957:
757:$ 844.623 billion (
645:• 2022 census
25:Poland (disambiguation)
26542:Bosnia and Herzegovina
25838:UN French Language Day
25671:Bosnia and Herzegovina
25234:Pomeranian Voivodeship
25207:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
24892:(Sovereign Base Areas)
24573:Bosnia and Herzegovina
24425:Orders and decorations
23311:. FIFA. Archived from
23136:Haltof, Marek (2015).
22689:Polish Holiday Cookery
22256:scienceinpoland.pap.pl
21114:ranking.perspektywy.pl
20621:Brabbs, Derry (2020).
20294:CBOS Komunikat z Badań
19961:. 2022. Archived from
19320:WIPO (29 April 2024).
17506:Deni, John R. (2021).
17197:Norman Davies (1996).
16723:Criminal law in Poland
16683:Contract law in Poland
16594:Gwiazda, Anna (2015).
16453:Dublin City University
16210:Mayer, Marius (2019).
16083:Bos taurus primigenius
15964:Forests in Poland 2017
15068:West European Politics
14052:Michael Geyer (2009).
13875:Paris Peace Conference
12723:Paul W. Knoll (2011).
12594:Norman Davies (1996).
12377:Wróbel, Piotr (2004).
11868:Gerard Labuda (1992).
10937:Hannan, Kevin (1994).
10898:Buko, Andrzej (2014).
10299:
10274:
9968:
9966:national football team
9952:Poland at the Olympics
9824:
9683:
9674:, as well as Honorary
9662:, the recipient of an
9613:cultural manifestation
9581:
9529:(poppy seed roll), or
9443:
8844:European architectural
8840:architecture of Poland
8777:Architecture of Poland
8534:
8489:
8453:
8171:
8118:
7331:
7316:Universities in Poland
7292:ischemic heart disease
7082:
7006:
6440:
6388:Demographics of Poland
6234:Physicist and chemist
6209:Science and technology
6026:
5964:Masurian Lake District
5855:
5770:European single market
5521:
5425:
5392:cultural and political
5340:
5304:Second Polish Republic
5184:Constitution of Poland
5179:
5157:
4397:parliamentary immunity
4387:
4284:since 13 December 2023
4216:, along with numerous
4060:
3967:temperate transitional
3962:
3926:Masurian Lake District
3897:
3794:Central European Plain
3769:
3727:had led to 17 million
3583:program, initiated by
3576:
3403:
3329:were shifted westwards
3260:
3130:
3066:
2962:Second Polish Republic
2958:armistice with Germany
2941:
2925:Second Polish Republic
2911:Second Polish Republic
2708:
2574:Catherine II of Russia
2561:
2422:
2300:
2203:Protestant Reformation
2198:
2034:
1978:, army, judiciary and
1870:Casimir I the Restorer
1853:
1750:
1701:
1642:emerged following the
1599:(mid-8th century BC).
1521:
1508:A reconstruction of a
1342:
1237:parliamentary republic
1153:Second Polish Republic
1020:temperate transitional
978:. It extends from the
705:$ 1.801 trillion (
278:2.5% Polish and others
44:
23:. For other uses, see
26999:Member states of NATO
26469:Court of Human Rights
26116:Potential enlargement
25548:São Tomé and Príncipe
25408:Republic of the Congo
24919:Bailiwick of Guernsey
24890:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
23594:. With a Foreword by
22772:. Avalon Publishing.
22331:Carter, F.W. (2006).
21847:Views of Polish towns
20693:. 16 September 2018.
19692:Cox, Wendell (2013).
19631:27 March 2009 at the
18762:. EDTECH. p. 3.
18471:7 August 2019 at the
16325:University of Cologne
16316:(23 September 1997).
14986:10.3917/poeu.021.0097
14826:I saw Poland betrayed
14702:. Warsaw: Didactica.
14682:Google Books preview.
14553:It is estimated that
14432:Piotrowski, Tadeusz.
13831:Koryś, Piotr (2018).
13792:Restivo, Sal (2005).
13215:Czapliński, Władysław
13175:Scott, H. M. (2015).
12239:Kula, Marcin (2000).
12122:Maroń, Jerzy (1996).
11562:McKenna, Amy (2013).
10074:World's Strongest Man
9959:
9938:events in the world.
9934:, one of the biggest
9932:Intel Extreme Masters
9926:. The Polish city of
9818:
9698:and subsequently the
9658:
9573:
9564:Further information:
9478:(smoked cheese), and
9417:stuffed cabbage rolls
9406:
9375:Isaac Bashevis Singer
9272:memoirs). During the
9203:Bible of Queen Sophia
8904:Zakopane chalet style
8718:Magdalena Abakanowicz
8714:Władysław Strzemiński
8517:Pol'and'Rock Festival
8452:
8353:Ignacy Jan Paderewski
8166:
8113:is Poland's enduring
8108:
7491:Non-Polish ethnicity
7451:, coordinated by the
7409:University of Wrocław
7323:
7288:infant mortality rate
7092:Poland is one of the
7087:Roman Catholic Church
7069:
6993:
6467:is the largest urban
6438:
6278:Copernican Revolution
6276:), who triggered the
6090:Warsaw Chopin Airport
6078:Polish State Railways
6015:
5846:
5823:20th largest exporter
5821:. The country is the
5800:Warsaw Stock Exchange
5507:
5474:defence manufacturers
5411:
5331:
5175:Constitution of 3 May
5171:
4373:
4198:Polish national parks
4133:in Poland is that of
4076:Palearctic ecoregions
4042:
3973:in the north-west to
3957:
3936:, and the deepest is
3888:
3847:island with Germany.
3764:
3654:died in a plane crash
3639:the country's borders
3566:
3553:Third Polish Republic
3406:At the insistence of
3383:
3372:History of Solidarity
3238:
3173:were responsible for
3120:
3054:
3004:Eligiusz Niewiadomski
2992:Ignacy Jan Paderewski
2932:
2907:, iron and textiles.
2846:wars of independence.
2672:, carried out by the
2667:
2616:Great Sejm parliament
2554:Stanisław II Augustus
2552:
2521:Stanisław Leszczyński
2461:Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
2455:in the southeast; at
2421:on 12 September 1683.
2408:
2378:electoral candidate,
2294:
2239:Sigismund II Augustus
2201:The 16th century saw
2181:
2039:Władysław II Jagiełło
2020:
1976:castle infrastructure
1972:Casimir III the Great
1956:Władysław I the Short
1886:Bolesław III Wrymouth
1846:Casimir III the Great
1844:
1803:and a replica of the
1687:
1507:
1358:basin of present-day
1295:. The country has 17
1293:universal health care
1241:bicameral legislature
1102:Roman Catholic Church
1082:early medieval period
628:• Water (%)
45:Rzeczpospolita Polska
25645:United Arab Emirates
24337:World Heritage Sites
23566:Materski, Wojciech;
22892:. Hippocrene Books.
22818:on 30 September 2007
22692:. Hippocrene Books.
21732:Madonna: A Biography
21697:2 April 2009 at the
21327:"Zabytki nieruchome"
21066:on 28 October 2008.
20014:Mori, Laura (2018).
19965:on 20 September 2022
19678:6 April 2011 at the
19673:Urban Audit database
19655:16 July 2012 at the
18402:on 13 September 2010
17915:"Potencjał ochronny"
16327:, zh. pp. 39–60
15615:Shell, Marc (2014).
15536:Taylor & Francis
15409:. 11 December 2023.
15191:Turkowski, Andrzej.
14974:Politique européenne
10548:. 12 November 2023.
10402:. Statistics Poland.
10329:Commonwealth Poland
10126:; Top 10 ATP player
10087:division has one of
10070:Mariusz Pudzianowski
10051:1976 Summer Olympics
10024:1972 Summer Olympics
9992:cross-country skiing
9829:Eurobarometer Report
9811:Mass media in Poland
9752:Krzysztof Kieślowski
9692:Kazimierz Prószyński
9505:. Salads, including
9450:(filled dumplings),
9266:Jan Chryzostom Pasek
9258:Jan Andrzej Morsztyn
8864:central marketplaces
8670:Stanisław Wyspiański
8588:is displayed in the
8435:Wojciech Bogusławski
8357:Krzysztof Penderecki
8127:Western civilisation
7401:University of Warsaw
7277:National Health Fund
7227:Jasna Góra Monastery
7217:Native Polish Church
7183:, and other smaller
7117:in 2018, Poland was
6449:Masovian Voivodeship
6418:total fertility rate
6340:Kazimierz Kuratowski
6284:. He also derived a
5996:Bieszczady Mountains
5579:Municipal City Guard
5514:State Police Service
5300:democratic movements
4384:parliament of Poland
4313:Council of Ministers
3858:in the west and the
3792:lie within the flat
3663:In 2011, the ruling
3610:in 1991, and joined
3318:Of all the countries
3290:occupation of Poland
3171:Polish code breakers
3106:Operation Barbarossa
2954:Treaty of Versailles
2944:In the aftermath of
2857:Officer Cadet School
2800:Grand Duchy of Posen
2748:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
2670:partitions of Poland
2646:Era of insurrections
2545:Partitions of Poland
2481:Khmelnytsky Uprising
2442:Stanisław Żółkiewski
2396:Polish-Swedish union
2143:bicameral parliament
2086:Casimir IV Jagiellon
2047:Jagiellonian dynasty
1998:, who ruled Poland,
1992:University of Kraków
1856:The transition from
1770:Bolesław I the Brave
1764:, who was killed by
1634:sent to protect the
1300:World Heritage Sites
1289:university education
1215:communist government
1185:, which resulted in
1024:sixteen voivodeships
988:Carpathian Mountains
982:in the north to the
874:• Summer (
529:Partitions of Poland
315:1.1% other Christian
103:Mazurek Dąbrowskiego
26994:Countries in Europe
26956: /
25884:Francophone economy
25012:unincorporated area
24941:Bailiwick of Jersey
24803:States with limited
24077:Political prisoners
22867:on 17 February 2015
21716:LeonardoDaVinci.net
21493:. Springer Nature.
20981:on 25 November 2020
20837:World's Top Exports
19332:10.34667/tind.46596
18640:on 18 February 2013
18091:Internet, J. S. K.
16462:on 12 February 2012
16079:Rokosz, M. (1995).
15721:2000GeoJo..50..273C
15651:on 12 December 2021
15645:www.polskie-gory.pl
15318:European Commission
15290:. 14 October 2019.
15260:. 25 October 2015.
14539:on 29 November 2014
14297:, polandinexile.com
12710:, pp. 101, 197
12569:Jerzy Wyrozumski –
11947:A History of Poland
11537:East Central Europe
11495:2013PLoSO...854360M
10852:Everett-Heath, John
10120:Agnieszka Radwanska
10107:, England in 2021.
10097:Speedway Grand Prix
9972:Motorcycle Speedway
9837:public broadcasting
9626:robe à la polonaise
9474:(soured rye soup),
9351:Nobel-Prize winning
8793:St. Mary's Basilica
8650:Lady with an Ermine
8581:Lady with an Ermine
8440:Krakowiacy i Górale
8255:creature until the
8159:Christmas in Poland
7620:Kuyavian-Pomeranian
7467:
7348:oldest universities
7338:founded in 1364 by
7312:Education in Poland
7189:Jehovah's Witnesses
7153:Orthodox Christians
7134:religious tolerance
7114:Pew Research Center
6982:Languages of Poland
6876:Kuyavian-Pomeranian
6790:Kuyavian-Pomeranian
6426:aging significantly
6270:Nicolaus Copernicus
6255:Nicolaus Copernicus
6131:as their base. The
6094:LOT Polish Airlines
6008:Transport in Poland
5916:Wieliczka Salt Mine
5651:
5649:Economic indicators
5625:Polish Armed Forces
5583:Polish Border Guard
5404:Polish Armed Forces
5353:European Parliament
5274:congenital disorder
5204:corporal punishment
5112:Warmińsko-Mazurskie
4928:Gorzów Wielkopolski
4799:Kuyavian-Pomeranian
4470:voivodeship marshal
4364:first-past-the-post
4262:since 6 August 2015
4068:Circumboreal Region
4064:Phytogeographically
3892:alpine lake in the
3837:Wolin National Park
3819:and is indented by
3807:in the west to the
3757:Geography of Poland
3695:Party (PiS) led by
3679:, was chosen to be
3647:President of Poland
3622:in June 2003, with
3569:Presidential Palace
3527:Wojciech Jaruzelski
3523:martial law in 1981
3269:extermination camps
3249:extermination camps
3084:. As agreed in the
2971:, most notably the
2808:Free City of Kraków
2733:Battle of Racławice
2717:Kościuszko Uprising
2503:into Europe at the
2489:Second Northern War
2425:In 1609, Sigismund
2374:, defeated a rival
2350:, led a successful
2235:Sigismund I the Old
2082:Thirteen Years' War
2045:, thus forming the
1925:Henry I the Bearded
1910:Konrad I of Masovia
1777:Congress of Gniezno
1724:was established in
1546:Last Glacial Period
1528:archaic humans and
1484:Poland in antiquity
1372:Proto-Indo-European
1340:name for Poland is
1261:high-income economy
1211:Solidarity movement
1120:of Europe, with an
1112:, thus forming the
1074:Last Glacial Period
559:Government-in-exile
306:72.4% Christianity
226: /
26804:Russia (1996–2022)
26256:provisional member
26170:EFTA member states
25889:Senghor University
25686:Dominican Republic
25251:Kaliningrad Oblast
25202:Schleswig-Holstein
24911:Crown Dependencies
23641:The World Factbook
23341:on 6 December 2007
23315:on 6 December 2007
22842:www.ejpau.media.pl
22719:smithsonianmag.com
22624:. 10 October 2019.
22311:polishlibraries.pl
22227:on 8 November 2006
22038:www.staropolska.pl
22032:Michael J. Mikoś.
21535:. 21 October 2018.
21288:Anthropology Today
20777:data.worldbank.org
20602:on 28 October 2008
18794:www.tourismroi.com
18546:data.worldbank.org
18516:data.worldbank.org
18342:. September 2018.
18310:countryeconomy.com
18247:data.worldbank.org
18217:data.worldbank.org
18187:data.worldbank.org
17925:on 24 January 2022
17399:"Poland in the EU"
16357:(September 2005).
16113:on 14 January 2013
15760:"The Lakes Region"
15135:. 21 December 2007
14867:"Polska. Historia"
14646:on 18 August 2019.
13871:Margaret MacMillan
13337:, pp. 108–116
13325:, pp. 108–109
13253:, pp. 409–413
12577:), Warszawa 1986,
11810:. pp. 27–28.
10343:Kaliningrad Oblast
10163:Krzysztof Wielicki
10004:football in Poland
9969:
9883:, TVP Seriale and
9825:
9684:
9598:eyelash extensions
9582:
9580:dresses, 1780–1785
9560:Fashion and design
9509:(cucumber salad),
9497:(soft dumplings),
9462:(breaded cutlet),
9444:
9383:Wisława Szymborska
9355:Henryk Sienkiewicz
9304:, whose epic poem
9199:Holy Cross Sermons
9109:national epic poem
8896:Cloth hall markets
8797:Main Market Square
8722:Alina Szapocznikow
8690:Zdzisław Beksiński
8682:Tamara de Lempicka
8674:Henryk Siemiradzki
8590:Czartoryski Museum
8454:
8172:
8135:white-tailed eagle
8119:
8111:Polish White Eagle
7466:
7405:Warsaw Polytechnic
7384:vocational studies
7332:
7296:circulatory system
7294:; diseases of the
7261:Ministry of Health
7083:
7062:Religion in Poland
7007:
6490:identity, 846,719
6484:2011 Polish census
6445:detached dwellings
6441:
6376:Tadeusz Reichstein
6027:
5934:, and also on the
5856:
5647:
5629:State Fire Service
5544:volcanic eruptions
5534:State Fire Service
5522:
5490:military exercises
5426:
5418:, a single-engine
5341:
5180:
5135:Zachodniopomorskie
4804:Kujawsko-Pomorskie
4388:
4321:head of government
4238:Politics of Poland
4147:white-tailed eagle
4135:Continental Europe
4090:. The most common
4061:
3991:Podlaskie province
3969:, and varies from
3963:
3898:
3770:
3729:Ukrainian refugees
3709:Mateusz Morawiecki
3705:increased friction
3697:Jarosław Kaczyński
3633:Poland joined the
3585:Leszek Balcerowicz
3577:
3476:Small Constitution
3404:
3358:Post-war communism
3267:set up six German
3261:
3131:
3074:invasion of Poland
3067:
3063:invasion of Poland
3039:Invasion of Poland
2996:Gabriel Narutowicz
2942:
2836:Tadeusz Kościuszko
2792:Congress of Vienna
2770:ruled by his ally
2721:Tadeusz Kościuszko
2711:The Polish people
2709:
2674:Kingdom of Prussia
2656:Prussian Partition
2652:Austrian Partition
2620:3 May Constitution
2562:
2525:Great Northern War
2495:in 1657. In 1683,
2423:
2340:Henrician Articles
2301:
2253:, daughter of the
2243:cultural awakening
2199:
2078:Battle of Grunwald
2067:political entities
2035:
2023:Battle of Grunwald
1960:a reunified Poland
1929:Henry II the Pious
1892:, Greater Poland,
1866:Mieszko II Lambert
1854:
1702:
1522:
1287:, as well as free
1279:. Poland enjoys a
1229:of its neighbors.
1193:. Forced into the
1169:invasion of Poland
1139:, the country was
1014:to the south, and
998:to the northeast,
974:, is a country in
972:Republic of Poland
742:2024 estimate
690:2024 estimate
259:Ethnic groups
172:Show map of Europe
40:Republic of Poland
26939:
26938:
26933:
26932:
26822:
26821:
26489:Venice Commission
26449:Secretary General
26435:Council of Europe
26401:
26400:
26259:
26210:
26198:
26186:
26127:
26126:
25915:
25914:
25795:
25794:
25780:Suspended members
25618:Associate members
25428:Equatorial Guinea
25271:
25270:
25124:
25123:
25065:
25064:
24987:autonomous region
24958:
24957:
24954:
24953:
24471:
24470:
24438:
24437:
24360:Ethnic minorities
24204:
24203:
24090:
24089:
24043:Political parties
23989:Foreign relations
23941:
23940:
23870:
23869:
23826:Poland since 1989
23591:978-83-7629-067-6
23531:. 10 January 2015
23458:978-83-7552-707-0
23363:. warsaw-life.com
23294:978-83-7633-451-6
23259:978-1-118-78404-4
23206:978-3-8325-8614-0
23176:978-1-4408-4466-9
23149:978-1-322-88919-1
23117:978-1-4766-0803-7
23061:978-83-89424-46-4
22899:978-0-7818-1124-8
22779:978-1-63121-624-4
22752:978-1-61069-456-8
22699:978-0-7818-0994-8
22530:978-1-5381-3010-0
22455:978-0-549-65633-3
22421:978-1-118-77907-1
22387:978-0-520-23357-7
22342:978-0-521-02438-9
22262:on 21 August 2017
22219:Koca, B. (2006).
22205:978-1-56518-142-7
22178:978-88-492-9191-9
22151:978-1-000-37738-5
22099:978-83-7242-153-1
22017:978-83-85739-14-2
21990:978-83-64091-55-1
21963:978-1-4438-3295-3
21936:978-83-88080-42-5
21909:978-3-03911-128-2
21882:978-83-85001-89-8
21830:978-1-4875-2331-2
21803:978-88-6655-489-9
21742:978-0-313-33811-3
21674:978-1-4062-2826-7
21621:978-0-8047-7429-1
21558:978-83-65972-34-7
21500:978-3-030-38117-2
21256:978-0-7818-0200-0
21080:"Study in Poland"
20948:978-0-231-12819-3
20905:978-90-420-0933-2
20634:978-0-7112-4508-2
20563:978-3-11-083868-8
20524:978-0-8122-1567-0
20485:978-1-137-43751-8
20387:978-3-11-067299-2
20230:978-3-030-41575-4
20155:978-1-138-78788-9
20116:978-1-137-56914-1
20027:978-90-272-0170-6
19815:978-83-7027-597-6
19341:978-92-805-3432-0
19306:978-1-58736-291-0
19272:. 20 March 2018.
19237:978-83-7271-768-9
19210:978-0-7503-0224-1
19136:(13 April 2022).
19042:978-3-030-14519-4
19003:978-1-003-09207-0
18964:978-3-031-06108-0
18925:978-3-030-82095-4
18857:www.gddkia.gov.pl
18742:978-1-74059-522-3
18735:. Lonely Planet.
18717:978-1-78578-458-3
18031:"Agencja Wywiadu"
17950:Gazeta Wrocławska
17884:978-3-030-30697-7
17685:978-1-000-61972-0
17641:978-83-7151-494-4
17602:978-0-429-46866-7
17558:978-3-643-91102-5
17519:978-0-472-12879-2
17480:978-0-8122-2120-6
17441:978-1-138-09795-7
17372:978-0-8157-3281-5
17284:978-1-84542-025-3
17250:978-83-01-03732-1
17216:978-0-19-820171-7
17201:Europe: A History
17183:978-0-19-820171-7
17168:Europe: A History
17138:978-1-5381-4279-0
17038:978-1-306-07095-9
16996:978-94-035-2961-5
16924:978-94-035-2961-5
16853:978-3-030-61537-6
16776:978-94-035-3300-1
16732:978-94-035-1324-9
16692:978-90-411-8933-2
16651:978-1-5099-1394-7
16607:978-1-315-68011-8
16568:978-83-8223-173-1
16530:978-94-035-2973-8
16444:McMenamin, Iain.
16397:(December 2005).
16375:on 19 August 2008
16262:978-94-035-0950-1
16223:978-3-030-05960-6
16184:978-1-57607-686-6
16145:978-0-521-76061-4
16019:978-3-030-83225-4
15977:978-83-65659-23-1
15898:Climate of Poland
15867:978-0-12-822526-4
15825:978-3-030-12123-5
15773:978-1-61480-877-0
15682:on 9 October 2021
15626:978-0-8047-8926-4
15601:978-3-319-71788-3
15576:978-3-319-16005-4
14927:The Polish Review
14879:on 1 October 2006
14822:Arthur Bliss Lane
14786:". BBC – History.
14754:978-83-61590-46-0
14709:978-1-5361-1035-7
14678:978-1-59454-603-7
14555:Intelligenzaktion
14529:978-83-7629-063-8
14343:978-1-101-90345-2
14318:978-0-8032-1327-2
14295:The Warsaw Rising
14283:978-83-02-05500-3
14260:978-0-313-26007-0
14218:978-0-674-06814-8
14160:978-0-8156-2440-0
14126:978-0-313-26007-0
14092:978-0-85045-417-8
14065:978-0-521-89796-9
14025:978-1-118-59808-5
13918:The Polish Review
13902:978-0-8444-0827-9
13844:978-3-319-97126-1
13766:978-90-5356-883-5
13727:978-1-317-56810-0
13688:978-1-4438-1157-6
13649:978-0-521-55917-1
13610:978-0-87436-957-1
13552:978-1-4299-6607-8
13381:978-0-415-35491-2
13356:978-83-01-03732-1
13188:978-0-19-102000-1
13112:978-83-902522-1-6
13073:978-3-337-75029-9
13034:978-1-4766-0411-4
12963:978-0-313-03456-5
12936:978-1-61069-916-7
12897:978-1-5312-6318-8
12846:978-0-300-21936-4
12807:978-0-300-25220-0
12765:978-1-61069-804-7
12738:978-0-85745-109-5
12682:978-1-317-88433-0
12643:978-0-19-880020-0
12613:978-0-19-820171-7
12598:Europe: a history
12583:978-83-01-03732-1
12544:978-3-7489-0113-6
12517:978-0-88033-206-4
12462:978-1-136-63944-9
12435:978-1-136-59313-0
12398:978-1-57607-800-6
12363:978-1-61530-991-7
12336:978-0-86516-245-7
12291:978-83-922944-3-6
12252:978-83-88032-27-1
12213:978-0-88033-009-1
12174:978-0-19-820171-7
12164:Europe: A History
12135:978-83-11-11171-4
12096:978-83-04-04985-7
12057:978-83-7212-307-7
12018:978-0-19-539536-5
11991:978-1-59884-206-7
11957:978-0-230-34537-9
11918:978-83-909852-1-3
11881:978-83-85483-46-5
11817:978-0-231-12817-9
11783:978-8-323-13886-0
11746:978-83-61033-36-3
11720:978-963-9241-40-4
11683:978-1-61069-566-4
11639:978-1-137-40281-3
11612:978-1-5017-5740-2
11575:978-1-61530-991-7
11456:Science in Poland
11424:978-0-19-280126-5
11382:978-1-136-63944-9
11343:978-0-19-023198-9
11304:978-0-19-885507-1
11185:978-83-267-3653-7
11148:978-83-913985-3-1
11109:978-0-8014-3694-9
11070:978-83-65746-64-1
11031:978-963-386-418-0
11004:978-1-5017-5740-2
10911:978-90-04-28132-5
10869:978-0-19-190563-6
10856:"Poland (Polska)"
10825:978-83-7063-411-7
10710:978-1-4758-5626-2
10674:. 19 March 2024.
10576:Statistics Poland
10279:[ˈpɔlska]
10209:Outline of Poland
10155:eight-thousanders
10114:, winner of five
9827:According to the
9799:Juliusz Machulski
9791:Paweł Pawlikowski
9748:Krzysztof Zanussi
9744:Agnieszka Holland
9586:Helena Rubinstein
9466:(cabbage rolls),
9458:(hunter's stew),
9365:Władysław Reymont
9347:Andrzej Sapkowski
9298:Zygmunt Krasiński
9254:Jesuit philosophy
9224:became the first
9137:Heart of Darkness
9118:Polish literature
9085:Polish literature
9073:residential areas
8919:circular rotundas
8819:The 16th-century
8803:is an example of
8655:Leonardo da Vinci
8586:Leonardo da Vinci
8563:, leading Polish
8502:November Uprising
8476:
8412:Nicholas of Radom
8392:Notre Dame School
8365:Karol Szymanowski
8361:Henryk Wieniawski
8262:A widely-popular
8101:Culture of Poland
8092:
8091:
7488:Polish ethnicity
7282:According to the
7193:Eastern Catholics
7098:Pope John Paul II
6968:
6967:
6517:Council of Europe
6461:metropolitan area
6457:metropolitan area
6352:Benoit Mandelbrot
6344:Wacław Sierpiński
5968:Białowieża Forest
5839:Tourism in Poland
5819:recession of 2008
5750:nominal standards
5744:Economy of Poland
5740:
5739:
5736:
5729:Total public debt
5723:
5712:
5699:
5685:
5674:
5663:
5660:$ 1.801 trillion
5621:search and rescue
5552:tropical cyclones
5469:14th in the world
5314:Foreign relations
5264:Poland has a low
5196:multi-party state
5155:
5154:
5151:
5150:
4392:political parties
4358:according to the
4285:
4263:
4200:, two of which –
4057:Białowieża Forest
4018:thermal anomalies
3835:, located within
3496:Władysław Gomułka
3259:is marked in red.
3226:Operation Tempest
3214:underground state
3179:Manhattan Project
3163:Battle of Britain
3127:Battle of Britain
2973:Polish–Soviet War
2861:November Uprising
2784:Marshal of France
2780:Józef Poniatowski
2725:George Washington
2660:Russian Partition
2578:Bar Confederation
2497:John III Sobieski
2411:John III Sobieski
2346:, his successor,
2313:elective monarchy
2247:Polish Golden Age
2165:legislative power
2031:Kingdom of Poland
1945:Statute of Kalisz
1878:Bishop Stanislaus
1718:Baptism of Poland
1698:Baptism of Poland
1680:Kingdom of Poland
1676:Baptism of Poland
1662:Kingdom of Poland
1465:History of Poland
1191:Polish casualties
1161:various conflicts
1137:Polish Golden Age
1122:elective monarchy
1106:Kingdom of Poland
1070:Lower Paleolithic
970:, officially the
965:
964:
767:• Per capita
715:• Per capita
574:People's Republic
565:17 September 1939
501:Kingdom of Poland
487:Baptism of Poland
275:96.2% only Polish
247:Official language
230:52.217°N 21.033°E
145:
27041:
26971:
26970:
26968:
26967:
26966:
26961:
26957:
26954:
26953:
26952:
26949:
26902:
26900:
26899:
26889:
26887:
26886:
26876:
26874:
26873:
26849:
26842:
26835:
26826:
26825:
26428:
26421:
26414:
26405:
26404:
26253:
26228:EU member states
26221:
26204:
26192:
26180:
26154:
26147:
26140:
26131:
26130:
26106:
25942:
25935:
25928:
25919:
25918:
25905:
25904:
25318:
25317:
25298:
25291:
25284:
25275:
25274:
25256:Leningrad Oblast
25151:
25144:
25137:
25128:
25127:
25112:
25100:
25099:
25086:Governed by the
25048:Northern Ireland
24991:Åland convention
24973:
24972:
24883:
24882:
24853:
24852:
24795:
24530:Sovereign states
24511:
24504:
24497:
24488:
24487:
24475:
24474:
24451:
24215:
24214:
24196:
24123:Economic history
24113:Balcerowicz Plan
24101:
24100:
23952:
23951:
23888:Cities and towns
23881:
23880:
23821:Communist Poland
23801:
23793:
23763:
23762:
23742:
23735:
23728:
23719:
23718:
23706:
23705:
23696:
23695:
23680:
23672:
23664:
23656:
23619:
23617:
23615:
23610:on 31 March 2012
23606:. Archived from
23600:Franciszek Piper
23553:
23547:
23541:
23540:
23538:
23536:
23521:
23515:
23514:
23512:
23510:
23504:thefirstnews.com
23495:
23489:
23488:
23486:
23484:
23469:
23463:
23462:
23442:
23436:
23435:
23433:
23431:
23421:
23415:
23414:
23412:
23410:
23400:
23394:
23393:
23391:
23389:
23379:
23373:
23372:
23370:
23368:
23357:
23351:
23350:
23348:
23346:
23337:. Archived from
23331:
23325:
23324:
23322:
23320:
23305:
23299:
23298:
23286:
23275:
23264:
23263:
23244:
23238:
23237:
23235:
23233:
23217:
23211:
23210:
23190:
23181:
23180:
23160:
23154:
23153:
23133:
23122:
23121:
23101:
23088:
23087:
23080:
23074:
23073:
23045:
23036:
23035:
23033:
23031:
23014:
23008:
23007:
22995:
22989:
22988:
22986:
22984:
22969:
22963:
22962:
22960:
22958:
22943:
22937:
22936:
22934:
22932:
22917:
22911:
22910:
22908:
22906:
22883:
22877:
22876:
22874:
22872:
22863:. Archived from
22861:badassdigest.com
22852:
22846:
22845:
22834:
22828:
22827:
22825:
22823:
22814:. Archived from
22808:
22802:
22801:
22790:
22784:
22783:
22763:
22757:
22756:
22736:
22730:
22729:
22727:
22725:
22710:
22704:
22703:
22641:
22635:
22632:
22626:
22625:
22614:
22608:
22607:
22605:
22603:
22585:
22579:
22578:
22576:
22574:
22569:. 5 October 2009
22559:
22553:
22552:
22541:
22535:
22534:
22516:
22510:
22509:
22507:
22505:
22499:josephconrad.org
22491:
22485:
22484:
22482:
22480:
22466:
22460:
22459:
22439:
22433:
22432:
22430:
22428:
22405:
22399:
22398:
22396:
22394:
22371:
22365:
22364:
22353:
22347:
22346:
22328:
22322:
22321:
22319:
22317:
22303:
22297:
22296:
22294:
22292:
22278:
22272:
22271:
22269:
22267:
22258:. Archived from
22243:
22237:
22236:
22234:
22232:
22216:
22210:
22209:
22189:
22183:
22182:
22162:
22156:
22155:
22135:
22129:
22128:
22110:
22104:
22103:
22083:
22077:
22076:
22067:(1/2): 226–229.
22056:
22050:
22049:
22047:
22045:
22028:
22022:
22021:
22001:
21995:
21994:
21974:
21968:
21967:
21947:
21941:
21940:
21920:
21914:
21913:
21893:
21887:
21886:
21868:
21862:
21861:
21841:
21835:
21834:
21814:
21808:
21807:
21787:
21781:
21780:
21778:
21776:
21760:
21754:
21753:
21751:
21749:
21726:
21720:
21719:
21708:
21702:
21685:
21679:
21678:
21658:
21652:
21651:
21649:
21647:
21632:
21626:
21625:
21605:
21599:
21598:
21596:
21594:
21588:
21577:
21569:
21563:
21562:
21543:
21537:
21536:
21529:
21523:
21522:
21511:
21505:
21504:
21484:
21475:
21474:
21463:
21457:
21456:
21445:
21439:
21438:
21427:
21421:
21420:
21417:isap.sejm.gov.pl
21409:
21403:
21402:
21400:
21398:
21383:
21377:
21376:
21374:
21372:
21363:. Archived from
21353:
21347:
21346:
21344:
21342:
21333:. Archived from
21323:
21317:
21316:
21282:
21276:
21275:
21264:
21258:
21248:
21242:
21241:
21239:
21237:
21221:
21215:
21214:
21212:
21210:
21196:
21190:
21189:
21187:
21185:
21171:
21165:
21164:
21162:
21160:
21154:
21146:
21140:
21139:
21137:
21135:
21124:
21118:
21117:
21106:
21100:
21099:
21097:
21095:
21090:on 27 March 2019
21086:. Archived from
21076:
21070:
21069:
21056:
21050:
21049:
21038:
21032:
21031:
21029:
21027:
21021:
21013:isap.sejm.gov.pl
21010:
21002:
20991:
20990:
20988:
20986:
20977:. Archived from
20967:
20961:
20960:
20936:
20923:
20917:
20916:
20914:
20912:
20889:
20883:
20882:
20880:
20878:
20859:
20853:
20852:
20850:
20848:
20839:. 4 April 2020.
20829:
20823:
20822:
20820:
20818:
20799:
20793:
20792:
20790:
20788:
20769:
20763:
20762:
20760:
20758:
20738:
20732:
20731:
20729:
20727:
20713:
20707:
20706:
20704:
20702:
20687:
20681:
20680:
20678:
20676:
20657:
20651:
20650:
20648:
20646:
20618:
20612:
20611:
20609:
20607:
20601:
20594:
20586:
20580:
20579:
20577:
20575:
20547:
20541:
20540:
20538:
20536:
20508:
20502:
20501:
20499:
20497:
20469:
20463:
20462:
20460:
20458:
20436:
20430:
20429:
20427:
20425:
20410:
20404:
20403:
20401:
20399:
20371:
20365:
20364:
20362:
20360:
20330:
20321:
20320:
20318:
20316:
20310:
20291:
20283:
20277:
20276:
20274:
20272:
20261:isap.sejm.gov.pl
20253:
20247:
20246:
20244:
20242:
20214:
20208:
20207:
20205:
20203:
20197:
20186:
20178:
20172:
20171:
20169:
20167:
20139:
20133:
20132:
20130:
20128:
20100:
20094:
20093:
20087:
20079:
20077:
20075:
20065:
20063:
20061:
20050:
20044:
20043:
20041:
20039:
20011:
20005:
20004:
20002:
20000:
19981:
19975:
19974:
19972:
19970:
19951:
19945:
19944:
19937:
19931:
19930:
19928:
19926:
19915:psz.praca.gov.pl
19906:
19900:
19899:
19897:
19895:
19886:. Archived from
19876:
19870:
19869:
19867:
19865:
19859:
19852:
19841:
19835:
19834:
19832:
19830:
19824:
19807:
19792:
19786:
19785:
19767:
19743:
19737:
19720:
19714:
19713:
19711:
19709:
19689:
19683:
19666:
19660:
19645:
19639:
19623:
19617:
19616:
19614:
19612:
19593:
19587:
19586:
19584:
19582:
19561:
19555:
19554:
19552:
19550:
19531:
19525:
19524:
19522:
19520:
19499:
19493:
19492:
19490:
19488:
19470:
19464:
19463:
19461:
19459:
19441:
19435:
19434:
19428:
19420:
19415:. Archived from
19384:
19378:
19377:
19371:
19367:
19365:
19357:
19355:
19353:
19317:
19311:
19310:
19299:. Arthur Wolak.
19292:
19286:
19285:
19283:
19281:
19260:
19254:
19253:
19251:
19249:
19240:. Archived from
19221:
19215:
19214:
19194:
19185:
19184:
19182:
19180:
19160:
19154:
19153:
19151:
19149:
19130:
19124:
19123:
19121:
19119:
19113:
19106:
19098:
19092:
19091:
19089:
19087:
19068:
19059:
19058:
19056:
19054:
19026:
19020:
19019:
19017:
19015:
18987:
18981:
18980:
18978:
18976:
18948:
18942:
18941:
18939:
18937:
18909:
18903:
18902:
18900:
18898:
18879:
18873:
18872:
18870:
18868:
18849:
18843:
18842:
18840:
18838:
18829:. Archived from
18819:
18813:
18812:
18810:
18808:
18803:on 25 March 2009
18802:
18796:. Archived from
18791:
18783:
18774:
18773:
18753:
18747:
18746:
18728:
18722:
18721:
18703:
18697:
18696:
18690:
18682:
18680:
18678:
18664:
18656:
18650:
18649:
18647:
18645:
18629:
18623:
18622:
18602:
18593:
18592:
18590:
18588:
18568:
18562:
18561:
18559:
18557:
18538:
18532:
18531:
18529:
18527:
18508:
18502:
18501:
18499:
18497:
18491:
18482:
18476:
18462:
18456:
18449:
18443:
18442:
18440:
18438:
18433:on 13 April 2016
18429:. Archived from
18418:
18412:
18411:
18409:
18407:
18388:
18382:
18381:
18379:
18377:
18362:
18356:
18355:
18353:
18351:
18332:
18326:
18325:
18323:
18321:
18302:
18296:
18295:
18293:
18291:
18272:
18263:
18262:
18260:
18258:
18239:
18233:
18232:
18230:
18228:
18209:
18203:
18202:
18200:
18198:
18179:
18173:
18172:
18170:
18168:
18157:isap.sejm.gov.pl
18149:
18143:
18142:
18140:
18138:
18127:orka.sejm.gov.pl
18119:
18113:
18112:
18110:
18108:
18088:
18082:
18081:
18079:
18077:
18057:
18051:
18050:
18048:
18046:
18027:
18021:
18020:
18018:
18016:
17997:
17991:
17990:
17988:
17986:
17972:
17966:
17965:
17963:
17961:
17941:
17935:
17934:
17932:
17930:
17921:. Archived from
17910:
17901:
17900:
17898:
17896:
17868:
17862:
17861:
17859:
17857:
17843:
17835:
17829:
17828:
17826:
17824:
17818:
17811:
17802:
17796:
17795:
17793:
17791:
17771:
17765:
17764:
17762:
17760:
17740:
17734:
17733:
17731:
17729:
17723:
17716:
17708:
17702:
17701:
17699:
17697:
17669:
17658:
17657:
17655:
17653:
17625:
17619:
17618:
17616:
17614:
17586:
17575:
17574:
17572:
17570:
17542:
17536:
17535:
17533:
17531:
17503:
17497:
17496:
17494:
17492:
17464:
17458:
17457:
17455:
17453:
17425:
17419:
17418:
17416:
17414:
17395:
17389:
17388:
17386:
17384:
17356:
17350:
17349:
17307:
17301:
17300:
17298:
17296:
17268:
17262:
17261:
17259:
17257:
17227:
17221:
17220:
17204:
17194:
17188:
17187:
17171:
17161:
17155:
17154:
17152:
17150:
17122:
17116:
17115:
17113:
17111:
17092:
17086:
17085:
17083:
17081:
17061:
17055:
17054:
17052:
17050:
17022:
17013:
17012:
17010:
17008:
16978:
16972:
16971:
16969:
16967:
16947:
16941:
16940:
16938:
16936:
16906:
16900:
16899:
16897:
16895:
16879:
16870:
16869:
16867:
16865:
16837:
16828:
16827:
16825:
16823:
16804:
16793:
16792:
16790:
16788:
16758:
16749:
16748:
16746:
16744:
16714:
16705:
16704:
16674:
16668:
16667:
16665:
16663:
16635:
16624:
16623:
16621:
16619:
16591:
16585:
16584:
16582:
16580:
16553:
16547:
16546:
16544:
16542:
16514:
16508:
16507:
16505:
16503:
16483:
16472:
16471:
16469:
16467:
16461:
16455:. Archived from
16450:
16441:
16435:
16434:
16428:
16426:
16421:
16403:
16391:
16385:
16384:
16382:
16380:
16374:
16368:. Archived from
16363:
16351:
16345:
16344:
16334:
16332:
16322:
16310:
16304:
16303:
16301:
16299:
16285:
16279:
16278:
16276:
16274:
16246:
16240:
16239:
16237:
16235:
16207:
16201:
16200:
16198:
16196:
16168:
16162:
16161:
16159:
16157:
16129:
16123:
16122:
16120:
16118:
16112:
16106:. Archived from
16089:
16076:
16070:
16069:
16064:
16062:
16042:
16036:
16035:
16033:
16031:
16003:
15997:
15996:
15994:
15992:
15986:
15969:
15958:
15952:
15951:
15949:
15947:
15926:
15920:
15919:
15917:
15915:
15909:
15902:
15893:
15884:
15883:
15881:
15879:
15851:
15842:
15841:
15839:
15837:
15809:
15796:
15795:
15787:
15785:
15755:
15749:
15748:
15698:
15692:
15691:
15689:
15687:
15667:
15661:
15660:
15658:
15656:
15647:. Archived from
15637:
15631:
15630:
15612:
15606:
15605:
15587:
15581:
15580:
15562:
15556:
15555:
15521:
15515:
15514:
15512:
15510:
15495:
15489:
15488:
15486:
15484:
15478:
15451:
15442:
15423:
15422:
15420:
15418:
15403:
15397:
15396:
15394:
15392:
15373:
15364:
15363:
15361:
15359:
15350:. 13 July 2020.
15340:
15334:
15333:
15331:
15329:
15310:
15304:
15303:
15301:
15299:
15280:
15274:
15273:
15271:
15269:
15250:
15244:
15243:
15241:
15239:
15222:Lynch, Suzanne.
15219:
15213:
15212:
15210:
15208:
15188:
15182:
15181:
15179:
15177:
15151:
15145:
15144:
15142:
15140:
15125:
15119:
15118:
15098:
15092:
15091:
15063:
15057:
15056:
15051:
15049:
15023:
15017:
15016:
14996:
14990:
14989:
14969:
14963:
14962:
14954:
14948:
14947:
14921:
14915:
14914:
14912:
14910:
14905:on 28 March 2022
14895:
14889:
14888:
14886:
14884:
14872:PWN Encyklopedia
14863:
14857:
14856:
14854:
14852:
14837:
14831:
14819:
14813:
14812:
14810:
14808:
14793:
14787:
14780:
14774:
14773:
14771:
14769:
14763:
14757:. Archived from
14746:
14735:
14729:
14728:
14726:
14724:
14718:
14712:. Archived from
14701:
14690:
14684:
14663:
14657:
14654:
14648:
14647:
14642:. Archived from
14636:
14630:
14617:
14611:
14606:
14600:
14599:
14597:
14595:
14576:
14570:
14566:
14560:
14559:
14546:
14544:
14538:
14532:. Archived from
14517:
14501:
14495:
14494:
14492:
14490:
14475:
14469:
14456:
14450:
14449:
14447:
14445:
14429:
14423:
14422:
14420:
14418:
14407:"Polish Victims"
14403:
14397:
14396:
14394:
14392:
14377:
14371:
14354:
14348:
14347:
14329:
14323:
14322:
14304:
14298:
14292:
14286:
14271:
14265:
14264:
14244:
14235:
14234:
14232:
14230:
14202:
14196:
14190:
14184:
14178:
14172:
14171:
14169:
14167:
14144:
14138:
14137:
14135:
14133:
14110:
14104:
14103:
14101:
14099:
14076:
14070:
14069:
14049:
14043:
14036:
14030:
14029:
14011:
14005:
14004:
13976:
13970:
13967:
13961:
13960:
13940:
13934:
13933:
13913:
13907:
13906:
13888:
13882:
13867:
13861:
13860:
13858:
13856:
13828:
13822:
13821:
13819:
13817:
13789:
13783:
13782:
13780:
13778:
13750:
13744:
13743:
13741:
13739:
13711:
13705:
13704:
13702:
13700:
13672:
13666:
13665:
13663:
13661:
13633:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13622:
13594:
13588:
13587:
13585:
13583:
13563:
13557:
13556:
13536:
13527:
13526:
13508:
13502:
13501:
13499:
13497:
13473:
13467:
13460:
13454:
13448:
13442:
13436:
13430:
13429:
13427:
13425:
13411:
13405:
13399:
13393:
13392:
13390:
13388:
13365:
13359:
13344:
13338:
13332:
13326:
13320:
13314:
13313:, pp. 89–91
13308:
13302:
13301:, pp. 83–88
13296:
13290:
13284:
13278:
13272:
13266:
13260:
13254:
13248:
13239:
13233:
13227:
13226:
13211:
13205:
13204:
13202:
13200:
13172:
13166:
13165:
13163:
13161:
13135:
13129:
13128:
13126:
13124:
13096:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13085:
13057:
13051:
13050:
13048:
13046:
13018:
13012:
13011:
13009:
13007:
12981:
12975:
12974:
12972:
12970:
12947:
12941:
12940:
12920:
12914:
12913:
12911:
12909:
12881:
12875:
12869:
12863:
12862:
12860:
12858:
12830:
12824:
12823:
12821:
12819:
12791:
12782:
12781:
12779:
12777:
12749:
12743:
12742:
12720:
12711:
12705:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12666:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12655:
12627:
12621:
12620:
12601:
12591:
12585:
12567:
12561:
12560:
12558:
12556:
12528:
12522:
12521:
12500:
12494:
12488:
12479:
12473:
12467:
12466:
12446:
12440:
12439:
12419:
12413:
12412:
12407:
12405:
12374:
12368:
12367:
12347:
12341:
12340:
12324:
12314:
12308:
12307:
12305:
12303:
12275:
12269:
12268:
12266:
12264:
12236:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12225:
12197:
12191:
12190:
12188:
12186:
12158:
12152:
12151:
12149:
12147:
12119:
12113:
12112:
12110:
12108:
12080:
12074:
12073:
12071:
12069:
12041:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12030:
12002:
11996:
11995:
11975:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11964:
11941:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11930:
11902:
11896:
11895:
11890:
11888:
11865:
11859:
11858:
11856:
11854:
11828:
11822:
11821:
11794:
11788:
11787:
11769:
11763:
11762:
11760:
11758:
11730:
11724:
11723:
11706:
11700:
11699:
11697:
11695:
11667:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11623:
11617:
11616:
11598:
11592:
11591:
11589:
11587:
11559:
11553:
11552:
11532:
11526:
11525:
11516:
11506:
11478:
11472:
11471:
11469:
11467:
11447:
11441:
11440:
11438:
11436:
11405:
11399:
11398:
11396:
11394:
11366:
11360:
11359:
11357:
11355:
11327:
11321:
11320:
11318:
11316:
11288:
11282:
11281:
11251:
11245:
11244:
11242:
11240:
11196:
11190:
11189:
11171:
11165:
11164:
11162:
11160:
11132:
11126:
11125:
11123:
11121:
11093:
11087:
11086:
11084:
11082:
11054:
11048:
11047:
11045:
11043:
11015:
11009:
11008:
10988:
10965:
10964:
10962:
10960:
10934:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10923:
10895:
10886:
10885:
10883:
10881:
10848:
10842:
10841:
10839:
10837:
10809:
10803:
10802:
10800:
10798:
10772:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10761:
10733:
10727:
10726:
10724:
10722:
10694:
10688:
10687:
10685:
10683:
10664:
10658:
10657:
10655:
10653:
10635:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10624:
10609:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10587:
10568:
10562:
10561:
10559:
10557:
10538:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10527:
10511:
10505:
10504:
10502:
10500:
10481:
10475:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10467:
10452:
10446:
10445:
10443:
10441:
10422:
10413:
10404:
10403:
10396:
10387:
10386:
10379:
10373:
10367:
10350:
10340:
10334:
10333:
10330:
10327:
10324:
10321:
10317:
10316:
10315:
10309:
10296:
10290:
10289:
10288:
10287:
10281:
10268:
10262:
10259:
10253:
10250:
10244:
10241:
10235:
10225:
10203:
10198:
10197:
10196:
10189:
10184:
10183:
10182:
10167:Wanda Rutkiewicz
10101:Bartosz Zmarzlik
9795:Stanisław Bareja
9706:constructed the
9688:cinema of Poland
9673:
9672:
9651:Cinema of Poland
9602:Inglot Cosmetics
9294:Juliusz Słowacki
9179:Book of Henryków
9128:
9101:
9033:fortified church
8994:Polish Mannerism
8992:are elements of
8928:
8916:
8827:illustrates the
8816:
8789:
8666:Jacek Malczewski
8576:
8557:
8521:Open'er Festival
8512:Krzysztof Komeda
8478:
8477:
8451:
8423:liturgical music
8349:Artur Rubinstein
8334:Artur Rubinstein
8330:
8315:
8233:Christmas wafers
8212:Independence Day
8192:Constitution Day
8176:Three Kings' Day
7994:Warmian-Masurian
7468:
7465:
7421:academic degrees
7273:insurance system
7247:Health in Poland
7142:Ashkenazi Jewish
6960:Warmian-Masurian
6654:
6644:
6601:
6591:
6539:
6527:
6526:
6523:live in Poland.
6305:Radium Institute
6274:Mikołaj Kopernik
6251:
6231:
6187:Kompania Węglowa
6169:Energy in Poland
6149:roll-on/roll-off
6096:, the country's
5928:over 100 castles
5920:underground lake
5860:tourism industry
5758:developed market
5734:
5721:
5710:
5697:
5683:
5679:Real GDP growth
5672:
5671:$ 844.6 billion
5661:
5652:
5646:
5485:military service
5454:Armed Forces Day
5423:fighter aircraft
5413:Polish Air Force
5308:women's suffrage
5107:Warmian-Masurian
4732:
4731:
4722:
4721:
4707:
4706:
4692:
4691:
4675:
4674:
4660:
4659:
4645:
4644:
4630:
4629:
4615:
4614:
4600:
4599:
4585:
4584:
4568:
4567:
4553:
4552:
4538:
4537:
4527:Warmian-Masurian
4523:
4522:
4506:
4505:
4491:
4490:
4483:
4475:
4474:
4458:historic regions
4319:who acts as the
4283:
4272:
4261:
4250:
4151:red common poppy
3876:Raczki Elbląskie
3813:sand dune fields
3805:Bay of Pomerania
3598:. As with other
3494:, the régime of
3445:armed resistance
3412:Yalta Conference
3348:Oder-Neisse line
3094:the Soviet Union
2981:Battle of Warsaw
2893:January Uprising
2827:
2820:
2804:Austrian Galicia
2760:Treaty of Tilsit
2636:Second Partition
2505:Battle of Vienna
2491:, and Prussia's
2419:Battle of Vienna
2368:Crown Chancellor
2208:wars of religion
2094:Duchy of Prussia
2074:Teutonic Knights
1914:Teutonic Knights
1817:
1814:
1775:In 1000, at the
1755:
1585:Lusatian culture
1520:, 8th century BC
1514:Lusatian culture
1476:Stone-Age Poland
1345:
1285:economic freedom
1257:developed market
1225:in 1989, as the
1223:democratic state
1189:and millions of
1155:, which emerged
1126:uniquely liberal
887:
863:
830:
829:
823:
822:
816:
805:
804:
798:
797:
791:
775:
774:
756:
755:
739:
723:
722:
704:
703:
687:
654:38,036,118 (
653:
652:
597:
596:31 December 1989
591:
576:
561:
550:11 November 1918
546:
531:
503:
478:
393:
335:20.6% unanswered
241:
240:
238:
237:
236:
231:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
204:and largest city
173:
170:
163:
160:
147:
146:
107:
106:
82:
68:
55:
47:
36:
35:
27049:
27048:
27044:
27043:
27042:
27040:
27039:
27038:
26974:
26973:
26964:
26962:
26958:
26955:
26950:
26947:
26945:
26943:
26942:
26940:
26935:
26934:
26929:
26908:
26897:
26895:
26884:
26882:
26871:
26869:
26858:
26856:Lublin Triangle
26853:
26823:
26818:
26787:
26741:
26667:North Macedonia
26498:
26437:
26432:
26402:
26397:
26396:
26394:UK–EU relations
26390:CH–EU relations
26377:
26222:
26213:
26164:
26160:Members of the
26158:
26128:
26123:
26122:
26107:
26098:
25955:
25946:
25916:
25911:
25893:
25872:
25833:French language
25821:
25791:
25775:
25649:
25613:
25587:
25483:North Macedonia
25307:
25302:
25272:
25267:
25161:
25155:
25125:
25120:
25093:
25081:Oceanic islands
25061:
25054:subject to the
25021:
25016:Svalbard Treaty
25014:subject to the
24996:
24989:subject to the
24969:
24967:
24965:
24950:
24905:
24874:
24849:
24846:
24838:
24824:Northern Cyprus
24807:
24804:
24796:
24787:
24703:North Macedonia
24524:
24515:
24480:
24472:
24467:
24454:
24447:
24434:
24389:
24341:
24307:Public holidays
24226:
24200:
24194:
24188:Venture capital
24086:
24016:Law enforcement
23937:
23923:Protected areas
23866:
23830:
23799:
23791:
23752:
23746:
23703:
23693:
23667:
23651:
23626:
23613:
23611:
23592:
23568:Szarota, Tomasz
23562:
23557:
23556:
23548:
23544:
23534:
23532:
23523:
23522:
23518:
23508:
23506:
23496:
23492:
23482:
23480:
23471:
23470:
23466:
23459:
23443:
23439:
23429:
23427:
23423:
23422:
23418:
23408:
23406:
23402:
23401:
23397:
23387:
23385:
23381:
23380:
23376:
23366:
23364:
23359:
23358:
23354:
23344:
23342:
23333:
23332:
23328:
23318:
23316:
23307:
23306:
23302:
23295:
23284:
23276:
23267:
23260:
23246:
23245:
23241:
23231:
23229:
23218:
23214:
23207:
23191:
23184:
23177:
23161:
23157:
23150:
23134:
23125:
23118:
23102:
23091:
23082:
23081:
23077:
23062:
23046:
23039:
23029:
23027:
23015:
23011:
22996:
22992:
22982:
22980:
22970:
22966:
22956:
22954:
22945:
22944:
22940:
22930:
22928:
22925:Interia Kobieta
22919:
22918:
22914:
22904:
22902:
22900:
22884:
22880:
22870:
22868:
22853:
22849:
22836:
22835:
22831:
22821:
22819:
22810:
22809:
22805:
22792:
22791:
22787:
22780:
22764:
22760:
22753:
22737:
22733:
22723:
22721:
22711:
22707:
22700:
22642:
22638:
22633:
22629:
22616:
22615:
22611:
22601:
22599:
22591:(5 June 2007).
22586:
22582:
22572:
22570:
22561:
22560:
22556:
22551:. 19 July 2023.
22543:
22542:
22538:
22531:
22517:
22513:
22503:
22501:
22493:
22492:
22488:
22478:
22476:
22468:
22467:
22463:
22456:
22440:
22436:
22426:
22424:
22422:
22406:
22402:
22392:
22390:
22388:
22372:
22368:
22355:
22354:
22350:
22343:
22329:
22325:
22315:
22313:
22305:
22304:
22300:
22290:
22288:
22280:
22279:
22275:
22265:
22263:
22244:
22240:
22230:
22228:
22217:
22213:
22206:
22190:
22186:
22179:
22163:
22159:
22152:
22136:
22132:
22111:
22107:
22100:
22084:
22080:
22057:
22053:
22043:
22041:
22029:
22025:
22018:
22002:
21998:
21991:
21975:
21971:
21964:
21948:
21944:
21937:
21921:
21917:
21910:
21894:
21890:
21883:
21869:
21865:
21858:
21842:
21838:
21831:
21815:
21811:
21804:
21788:
21784:
21774:
21772:
21769:www.polityka.pl
21761:
21757:
21747:
21745:
21743:
21727:
21723:
21710:
21709:
21705:
21699:Wayback Machine
21686:
21682:
21675:
21659:
21655:
21645:
21643:
21642:. 4 August 2022
21640:polskieradio.pl
21634:
21633:
21629:
21622:
21606:
21602:
21592:
21590:
21586:
21575:
21571:
21570:
21566:
21559:
21545:
21544:
21540:
21531:
21530:
21526:
21513:
21512:
21508:
21501:
21485:
21478:
21471:DobrySłownik.pl
21465:
21464:
21460:
21447:
21446:
21442:
21435:wegorzewo.wm.pl
21429:
21428:
21424:
21411:
21410:
21406:
21396:
21394:
21384:
21380:
21370:
21368:
21355:
21354:
21350:
21340:
21338:
21325:
21324:
21320:
21305:10.2307/3032734
21283:
21279:
21266:
21265:
21261:
21249:
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21235:
21233:
21222:
21218:
21208:
21206:
21198:
21197:
21193:
21183:
21181:
21173:
21172:
21168:
21158:
21156:
21152:
21148:
21147:
21143:
21133:
21131:
21125:
21121:
21108:
21107:
21103:
21093:
21091:
21078:
21077:
21073:
21067:
21057:
21053:
21040:
21039:
21035:
21025:
21023:
21019:
21008:
21004:
21003:
20994:
20984:
20982:
20969:
20968:
20964:
20949:
20924:
20920:
20910:
20908:
20906:
20890:
20886:
20876:
20874:
20861:
20860:
20856:
20846:
20844:
20831:
20830:
20826:
20816:
20814:
20801:
20800:
20796:
20786:
20784:
20771:
20770:
20766:
20756:
20754:
20739:
20735:
20725:
20723:
20715:
20714:
20710:
20700:
20698:
20689:
20688:
20684:
20674:
20672:
20665:www.termedia.pl
20659:
20658:
20654:
20644:
20642:
20635:
20619:
20615:
20605:
20603:
20599:
20592:
20588:
20587:
20583:
20573:
20571:
20564:
20548:
20544:
20534:
20532:
20525:
20509:
20505:
20495:
20493:
20486:
20470:
20466:
20456:
20454:
20437:
20433:
20423:
20421:
20412:
20411:
20407:
20397:
20395:
20388:
20372:
20368:
20358:
20356:
20331:
20324:
20314:
20312:
20308:
20289:
20285:
20284:
20280:
20270:
20268:
20255:
20254:
20250:
20240:
20238:
20231:
20215:
20211:
20201:
20199:
20198:on 6 March 2021
20195:
20184:
20180:
20179:
20175:
20165:
20163:
20156:
20140:
20136:
20126:
20124:
20117:
20101:
20097:
20081:
20080:
20073:
20071:
20066:
20059:
20057:
20052:
20051:
20047:
20037:
20035:
20028:
20012:
20008:
19998:
19996:
19989:bdl.stat.gov.pl
19983:
19982:
19978:
19968:
19966:
19953:
19952:
19948:
19939:
19938:
19934:
19924:
19922:
19907:
19903:
19893:
19891:
19878:
19877:
19873:
19863:
19861:
19857:
19850:
19842:
19838:
19828:
19826:
19822:
19816:
19805:
19794:
19793:
19789:
19744:
19740:
19734:Wayback Machine
19721:
19717:
19707:
19705:
19690:
19686:
19680:Wayback Machine
19667:
19663:
19657:Wayback Machine
19646:
19642:
19633:Wayback Machine
19624:
19620:
19610:
19608:
19595:
19594:
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19578:
19563:
19562:
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19548:
19546:
19533:
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19500:
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19484:
19471:
19467:
19457:
19455:
19442:
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19385:
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19369:
19368:
19359:
19358:
19351:
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19318:
19314:
19307:
19293:
19289:
19279:
19277:
19262:
19261:
19257:
19247:
19245:
19244:on 3 March 2016
19238:
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19188:
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19083:
19074:(20 May 2022).
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18827:www.paih.gov.pl
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18509:
18505:
18495:
18493:
18489:
18485:Schwab, Klaus.
18483:
18479:
18473:Wayback Machine
18464:Worldbank.org,
18463:
18459:
18450:
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18436:
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18390:
18389:
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18364:
18363:
18359:
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18340:Emerging Europe
18334:
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18299:
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18093:"Status prawny"
18089:
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16499:
16484:
16475:
16465:
16463:
16459:
16448:
16442:
16438:
16424:
16422:
16406:French Politics
16401:
16392:
16388:
16378:
16376:
16372:
16361:
16352:
16348:
16330:
16328:
16320:
16311:
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16263:
16247:
16243:
16233:
16231:
16224:
16208:
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16192:
16185:
16169:
16165:
16155:
16153:
16146:
16130:
16126:
16116:
16114:
16110:
16087:
16077:
16073:
16060:
16058:
16043:
16039:
16029:
16027:
16020:
16004:
16000:
15990:
15988:
15984:
15978:
15967:
15959:
15955:
15945:
15943:
15928:
15927:
15923:
15913:
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15907:
15900:
15894:
15887:
15877:
15875:
15868:
15852:
15845:
15835:
15833:
15826:
15810:
15799:
15783:
15781:
15774:
15756:
15752:
15699:
15695:
15685:
15683:
15668:
15664:
15654:
15652:
15639:
15638:
15634:
15627:
15613:
15609:
15602:
15588:
15584:
15577:
15563:
15559:
15522:
15518:
15508:
15506:
15497:
15496:
15492:
15482:
15480:
15476:
15449:
15443:
15426:
15416:
15414:
15405:
15404:
15400:
15390:
15388:
15375:
15374:
15367:
15357:
15355:
15342:
15341:
15337:
15327:
15325:
15312:
15311:
15307:
15297:
15295:
15282:
15281:
15277:
15267:
15265:
15252:
15251:
15247:
15237:
15235:
15228:The Irish Times
15220:
15216:
15206:
15204:
15189:
15185:
15175:
15173:
15152:
15148:
15138:
15136:
15127:
15126:
15122:
15099:
15095:
15064:
15060:
15047:
15045:
15024:
15020:
15005:SAGE Publishers
14997:
14993:
14970:
14966:
14955:
14951:
14922:
14918:
14908:
14906:
14897:
14896:
14892:
14882:
14880:
14865:
14864:
14860:
14850:
14848:
14839:
14838:
14834:
14820:
14816:
14806:
14804:
14795:
14794:
14790:
14781:
14777:
14767:
14765:
14761:
14755:
14744:
14736:
14732:
14722:
14720:
14719:on 26 June 2015
14716:
14710:
14699:
14691:
14687:
14664:
14660:
14655:
14651:
14638:
14637:
14633:
14627:Wayback Machine
14618:
14614:
14607:
14603:
14593:
14591:
14578:
14577:
14573:
14567:
14563:
14542:
14540:
14536:
14530:
14515:
14502:
14498:
14488:
14486:
14477:
14476:
14472:
14457:
14453:
14443:
14441:
14430:
14426:
14416:
14414:
14405:
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14388:
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14378:
14374:
14355:
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14344:
14330:
14326:
14319:
14305:
14301:
14293:
14289:
14272:
14268:
14261:
14245:
14238:
14228:
14226:
14219:
14203:
14199:
14191:
14187:
14182:siege of Tobruk
14179:
14175:
14165:
14163:
14161:
14145:
14141:
14131:
14129:
14127:
14111:
14107:
14097:
14095:
14093:
14077:
14073:
14066:
14050:
14046:
14037:
14033:
14026:
14012:
14008:
13981:Current History
13977:
13973:
13968:
13964:
13941:
13937:
13914:
13910:
13903:
13889:
13885:
13881:(2001), p. 208.
13868:
13864:
13854:
13852:
13845:
13829:
13825:
13815:
13813:
13806:
13790:
13786:
13776:
13774:
13767:
13751:
13747:
13737:
13735:
13728:
13712:
13708:
13698:
13696:
13689:
13673:
13669:
13659:
13657:
13650:
13634:
13630:
13620:
13618:
13611:
13595:
13591:
13581:
13579:
13564:
13560:
13553:
13537:
13530:
13523:
13509:
13505:
13495:
13493:
13474:
13470:
13461:
13457:
13451:Butterwick 2021
13449:
13445:
13439:Butterwick 2021
13437:
13433:
13423:
13421:
13412:
13408:
13402:Butterwick 2021
13400:
13396:
13386:
13384:
13382:
13366:
13362:
13345:
13341:
13335:Butterwick 2021
13333:
13329:
13323:Butterwick 2021
13321:
13317:
13311:Butterwick 2021
13309:
13305:
13299:Butterwick 2021
13297:
13293:
13287:Butterwick 2021
13285:
13281:
13273:
13269:
13261:
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13242:
13234:
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12525:
12518:
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12463:
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12315:
12311:
12301:
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12276:
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12262:
12260:
12253:
12237:
12233:
12223:
12221:
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12159:
12155:
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12143:
12136:
12120:
12116:
12106:
12104:
12097:
12081:
12077:
12067:
12065:
12058:
12042:
12038:
12028:
12026:
12019:
12003:
11999:
11992:
11976:
11972:
11962:
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11928:
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11899:
11886:
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11866:
11862:
11852:
11850:
11829:
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11791:
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11766:
11756:
11754:
11747:
11731:
11727:
11721:
11707:
11703:
11693:
11691:
11684:
11668:
11659:
11649:
11647:
11640:
11624:
11620:
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11599:
11595:
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11583:
11576:
11560:
11556:
11533:
11529:
11479:
11475:
11465:
11463:
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11444:
11434:
11432:
11425:
11406:
11402:
11392:
11390:
11383:
11367:
11363:
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11344:
11328:
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11314:
11312:
11305:
11289:
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11278:
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11236:
11197:
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11119:
11117:
11110:
11094:
11090:
11080:
11078:
11071:
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11051:
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11039:
11032:
11016:
11012:
11005:
10989:
10968:
10958:
10956:
10935:
10931:
10921:
10919:
10912:
10896:
10889:
10879:
10877:
10870:
10849:
10845:
10835:
10833:
10826:
10810:
10806:
10796:
10794:
10773:
10769:
10759:
10757:
10750:
10734:
10730:
10720:
10718:
10711:
10695:
10691:
10681:
10679:
10666:
10665:
10661:
10651:
10649:
10637:
10636:
10632:
10622:
10620:
10619:. 16 April 2024
10611:
10610:
10595:
10585:
10583:
10570:
10569:
10565:
10555:
10553:
10540:
10539:
10535:
10525:
10523:
10512:
10508:
10498:
10496:
10483:
10482:
10478:
10472:
10465:
10463:
10454:
10453:
10449:
10439:
10437:
10424:
10423:
10416:
10407:
10398:
10397:
10390:
10381:
10380:
10376:
10368:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10353:
10341:
10337:
10331:
10328:
10325:
10322:
10311:
10310:
10297:
10293:
10283:
10282:
10269:
10265:
10260:
10256:
10251:
10247:
10242:
10238:
10226:
10222:
10217:
10199:
10194:
10192:
10185:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10140:2015 Hopman Cup
10124:2015 WTA Finals
9976:Track and field
9954:
9948:Sport in Poland
9946:Main articles:
9944:
9889:Polish diaspora
9813:
9807:
9736:Warner brothers
9653:
9647:
9568:
9562:
9503:open sandwiches
9460:kotlet schabowy
9437:potato pancakes
9401:
9395:
9302:Adam Mickiewicz
9278:Ignacy Krasicki
9244:and theologian
9218:Jan Kochanowski
9151:
9150:
9149:
9148:
9147:
9129:
9121:
9120:
9105:Adam Mickiewicz
9102:
9091:
9083:Main articles:
9081:
9069:housing estates
8862:evolved around
8836:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8832:
8817:
8809:
8808:
8790:
8779:
8773:
8767:art galleries.
8710:Katarzyna Kobro
8672:(art nouveau),
8664:(historicism),
8609:Catholic themes
8597:
8596:
8595:
8594:
8593:
8577:
8569:
8568:
8565:history painter
8558:
8547:
8539:Main articles:
8537:
8508:
8507:
8506:
8505:
8504:
8479:
8472:
8469:
8463:
8460:Fryderyk Chopin
8455:
8449:
8345:Frédéric Chopin
8341:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8331:
8323:
8322:
8319:Frédéric Chopin
8316:
8305:
8303:Music of Poland
8299:
8284:Easter Saturday
8210:on 1 November,
8208:All Saints' Day
8168:All Saints' Day
8161:
8155:
8103:
8097:
8028:West Pomeranian
7461:
7388:szkoła branżowa
7318:
7310:Main articles:
7308:
7249:
7243:
7138:Jewish diaspora
7064:
7058:
7022:second language
7020:. It is also a
6988:
6978:Polish language
6976:Main articles:
6974:
6969:
6842:West Pomeranian
6655:
6649:
6645:
6602:
6596:
6592:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6406:
6404:Polish diaspora
6386:Main articles:
6384:
6372:Georges Charpak
6320:Stanisław Mazur
6280:by placing the
6266:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6252:
6244:
6243:
6232:
6221:
6213:Main articles:
6211:
6171:
6165:
6039:marine shipping
6010:
6004:
5980:Tatra Mountains
5976:Table Mountains
5841:
5835:
5746:
5645:
5608:(CBŚP) and the
5602:Agencja Wywiadu
5536:
5524:Main articles:
5502:
5406:
5400:
5326:
5318:Main articles:
5316:
5166:
5160:
5130:West Pomeranian
4931:
4730:
4729:
4723:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4669:
4667:
4661:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4637:
4631:
4624:
4622:
4616:
4609:
4607:
4601:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4560:
4554:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4498:
4492:
4485:
4430:
4424:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4240:
4234:
4222:protected areas
4218:nature reserves
4214:landscape parks
4191:migratory birds
4159:Eurasian beaver
4092:deciduous trees
4037:
4031:
3952:
3946:
3894:Tatra Mountains
3864:Tatra Mountains
3852:mountain ranges
3841:Szczecin Lagoon
3759:
3753:
3737:Civic Coalition
3693:Law and Justice
3671:. In 2014, the
3592:planned economy
3561:
3555:
3492:Bolesław Bierut
3466:throughout the
3378:
3362:Main articles:
3360:
3314:Wołyń Massacres
3230:Warsaw Uprising
3228:, of which the
3187:Polish 1st Army
3111:Generalplan Ost
3092:, the other by
3049:
3033:Main articles:
3031:
3015:Józef Piłsudski
2938:Józef Piłsudski
2927:
2915:Main articles:
2913:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2798:, the Prussian
2776:Napoleonic Wars
2764:Duchy of Warsaw
2662:
2650:Main articles:
2648:
2547:
2539:Main articles:
2537:
2527:(1700) and the
2402:by the Swedes.
2348:Stephen Báthory
2305:Union of Lublin
2289:
2277:Main articles:
2275:
2216:Polish Brethren
2129:landed nobility
2033:, 15 July 1410.
1968:Wawel Cathedral
1933:Mongol invasion
1815:
1746:Gallus Anonymus
1682:
1666:Main articles:
1664:
1597:Late Bronze Age
1502:
1474:Main articles:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1334:
1332:Names of Poland
1328:
1318:(including the
1251:. Considered a
1243:comprising the
1094:Poland its name
961:
882:
879:
858:
827:
826:
825:
814:
802:
801:
800:
789:
768:
749:
737:
716:
697:
681:
665:
646:
629:
615:
595:
592:
587:
577:
572:
562:
557:
547:
544:Second Republic
542:
535:24 October 1795
532:
527:
517:
504:
499:
489:
473:
471:Duchy of Poland
447:
432:
403:
389:
386:
359:
338:
320:
297:
289:
263:
234:
232:
228:
225:
220:
217:
215:
213:
212:
211:
205:
197:
196:
185:
175:
174:
171:
164:
149:
148:
114:
110:
108:
90:
89:
88:
83:
75:
74:
69:
56:
49:
41:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
27047:
27037:
27036:
27031:
27026:
27021:
27016:
27011:
27006:
27001:
26996:
26991:
26986:
26937:
26936:
26931:
26930:
26928:
26927:
26922:
26916:
26914:
26913:Joint projects
26910:
26909:
26907:
26906:
26893:
26880:
26866:
26864:
26860:
26859:
26852:
26851:
26844:
26837:
26829:
26820:
26819:
26817:
26816:
26811:
26806:
26801:
26795:
26793:
26792:Former members
26789:
26788:
26786:
26785:
26780:
26775:
26770:
26765:
26760:
26755:
26749:
26747:
26743:
26742:
26740:
26739:
26737:United Kingdom
26734:
26729:
26724:
26719:
26714:
26709:
26704:
26699:
26694:
26689:
26684:
26679:
26674:
26669:
26664:
26659:
26654:
26649:
26644:
26639:
26634:
26629:
26624:
26619:
26614:
26609:
26604:
26599:
26594:
26589:
26584:
26579:
26574:
26569:
26564:
26562:Czech Republic
26559:
26554:
26549:
26544:
26539:
26534:
26529:
26524:
26519:
26514:
26508:
26506:
26500:
26499:
26497:
26496:
26494:Pompidou Group
26491:
26486:
26481:
26476:
26471:
26466:
26461:
26456:
26451:
26445:
26443:
26439:
26438:
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26365:
26360:
26355:
26350:
26345:
26340:
26335:
26330:
26325:
26320:
26315:
26310:
26305:
26300:
26295:
26290:
26285:
26280:
26275:
26270:
26268:Czech Republic
26265:
26260:
26248:
26243:
26238:
26232:
26230:
26224:
26223:
26216:
26214:
26212:
26211:
26199:
26187:
26174:
26172:
26166:
26165:
26157:
26156:
26149:
26142:
26134:
26125:
26124:
26120:Former members
26112:
26109:
26108:
26101:
26099:
26097:
26096:
26091:
26086:
26081:
26076:
26071:
26066:
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26046:
26041:
26036:
26031:
26026:
26021:
26016:
26011:
26006:
26001:
25996:
25991:
25989:Czech Republic
25986:
25981:
25976:
25971:
25966:
25960:
25957:
25956:
25953:European Union
25945:
25944:
25937:
25930:
25922:
25913:
25912:
25910:
25909:
25898:
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25894:
25892:
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25809:
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25793:
25792:
25790:
25789:
25783:
25781:
25777:
25776:
25774:
25773:
25768:
25763:
25758:
25753:
25748:
25743:
25738:
25733:
25728:
25723:
25718:
25713:
25708:
25703:
25698:
25693:
25688:
25683:
25681:Czech Republic
25678:
25673:
25668:
25663:
25657:
25655:
25651:
25650:
25648:
25647:
25642:
25637:
25632:
25627:
25621:
25619:
25615:
25614:
25612:
25611:
25606:
25601:
25595:
25593:
25589:
25588:
25586:
25585:
25580:
25575:
25570:
25565:
25560:
25555:
25550:
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25535:
25530:
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25515:
25510:
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25500:
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25380:
25375:
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25365:
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25355:
25350:
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25340:
25335:
25330:
25324:
25322:
25315:
25309:
25308:
25301:
25300:
25293:
25286:
25278:
25269:
25268:
25266:
25265:
25260:
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25258:
25253:
25243:
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25236:
25231:
25221:
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25210:
25209:
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25194:
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25187:
25177:
25172:
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25162:
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25146:
25139:
25131:
25122:
25121:
25119:
25118:
25106:
25092:
25091:
25084:
25078:
25075:
25071:
25070:
25067:
25066:
25063:
25062:
25060:
25059:
25045:
25040:
25035:
25029:
25027:
25026:United Kingdom
25023:
25022:
25020:
25019:
25004:
25002:
24998:
24997:
24995:
24994:
24979:
24977:
24970:
24963:
24960:
24959:
24956:
24955:
24952:
24951:
24949:
24948:
24943:
24938:
24937:
24936:
24931:
24926:
24915:
24913:
24907:
24906:
24904:
24903:
24893:
24886:
24880:
24879:United Kingdom
24876:
24875:
24873:
24872:
24871:
24870:
24859:
24857:
24850:
24843:
24840:
24839:
24837:
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24816:
24810:
24808:
24801:
24798:
24797:
24790:
24788:
24786:
24785:
24780:
24778:United Kingdom
24775:
24770:
24765:
24760:
24755:
24750:
24745:
24740:
24735:
24730:
24725:
24720:
24715:
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24695:
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24655:
24650:
24645:
24640:
24635:
24630:
24625:
24620:
24615:
24610:
24605:
24600:
24595:
24593:Czech Republic
24590:
24585:
24580:
24575:
24570:
24565:
24560:
24555:
24550:
24545:
24540:
24534:
24532:
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24525:
24514:
24513:
24506:
24499:
24491:
24485:
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24481:
24469:
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24466:
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24460:
24453:
24452:
24444:
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24440:
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24436:
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24427:
24422:
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24420:
24410:
24405:
24399:
24397:
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24387:
24382:
24377:
24372:
24367:
24362:
24357:
24351:
24349:
24343:
24342:
24340:
24339:
24334:
24329:
24324:
24319:
24314:
24309:
24304:
24299:
24294:
24289:
24284:
24279:
24274:
24269:
24264:
24263:
24262:
24252:
24247:
24242:
24236:
24234:
24228:
24227:
24225:
24224:
24218:
24212:
24206:
24205:
24202:
24201:
24199:
24198:
24190:
24185:
24180:
24175:
24170:
24165:
24163:Stock exchange
24160:
24155:
24150:
24145:
24140:
24135:
24130:
24125:
24120:
24115:
24110:
24104:
24098:
24092:
24091:
24088:
24087:
24085:
24084:
24082:Visegrád Group
24079:
24074:
24073:
24072:
24065:Prime Minister
24062:
24061:
24060:
24050:
24045:
24040:
24035:
24030:
24029:
24028:
24026:Prison Service
24023:
24013:
24008:
24003:
24002:
24001:
23991:
23986:
23981:
23976:
23971:
23969:Climate change
23966:
23961:
23955:
23949:
23943:
23942:
23939:
23938:
23936:
23935:
23930:
23925:
23920:
23918:Poland A and B
23915:
23913:National parks
23910:
23905:
23900:
23895:
23890:
23884:
23878:
23872:
23871:
23868:
23867:
23865:
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23859:
23854:
23849:
23844:
23838:
23836:
23832:
23831:
23829:
23828:
23823:
23818:
23813:
23811:Interwar years
23808:
23803:
23795:
23787:
23782:
23777:
23771:
23769:
23760:
23754:
23753:
23751: articles
23745:
23744:
23737:
23730:
23722:
23716:
23715:
23700:
23690:
23681:
23670:"Poland"
23665:
23654:"Poland"
23649:
23633:
23625:
23624:External links
23622:
23621:
23620:
23596:Janusz Kurtyka
23590:
23561:
23558:
23555:
23554:
23542:
23516:
23490:
23479:on 10 May 2011
23464:
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23009:
23004:Strefa Biznesu
22990:
22964:
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22803:
22785:
22778:
22758:
22751:
22731:
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22698:
22636:
22627:
22609:
22580:
22567:Nobelprize.org
22554:
22536:
22529:
22511:
22486:
22461:
22454:
22448:. p. 98.
22434:
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22016:
21996:
21989:
21969:
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21741:
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21673:
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21627:
21620:
21600:
21589:on 29 May 2009
21564:
21557:
21538:
21524:
21506:
21499:
21476:
21458:
21440:
21422:
21404:
21378:
21367:on 8 July 2020
21348:
21337:on 7 July 2020
21318:
21277:
21259:
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21216:
21191:
21166:
21141:
21119:
21101:
21071:
21051:
21046:otouczelnie.pl
21033:
20992:
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20884:
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20764:
20733:
20721:Justlanded.com
20708:
20682:
20661:"Niecierpliwi"
20652:
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20006:
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19932:
19901:
19890:on 12 May 2022
19871:
19836:
19814:
19787:
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19715:
19684:
19661:
19640:
19618:
19588:
19556:
19526:
19494:
19465:
19436:
19399:(3): 141–154.
19379:
19370:|website=
19340:
19312:
19305:
19287:
19255:
19236:
19216:
19209:
19186:
19155:
19140:. Paris: IEA.
19125:
19093:
19078:. Paris: IEA.
19060:
19041:
19021:
19002:
18982:
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18943:
18924:
18904:
18874:
18844:
18833:on 12 May 2022
18814:
18775:
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18723:
18716:
18710:. Icon Books.
18698:
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16669:
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16625:
16606:
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16567:
16548:
16529:
16509:
16473:
16436:
16412:(3): 323–351.
16386:
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15398:
15381:data.unhcr.org
15365:
15335:
15305:
15275:
15245:
15214:
15183:
15146:
15120:
15109:(3): 377–396.
15093:
15074:(4): 671–690.
15058:
15038:Deutsche Welle
15018:
14991:
14964:
14949:
14916:
14890:
14858:
14832:
14814:
14788:
14775:
14764:on 20 May 2014
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12516:
12504:Halecki, Oscar
12495:
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11997:
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11798:Davies, Norman
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11442:
11423:
11409:Davies, Norman
11400:
11381:
11361:
11342:
11322:
11303:
11283:
11276:
11270:: 10–28 (11).
11260:Palaeohistoria
11246:
11191:
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10301:Rzeczpospolita
10291:
10263:
10254:
10245:
10236:
10219:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10211:
10205:
10204:
10190:
10174:
10171:
10159:Jerzy Kukuczka
10144:Jerzy Janowicz
10128:Hubert Hurkacz
9978:, basketball,
9943:
9940:
9924:Cyberpunk 2077
9916:People Can Fly
9809:Main article:
9806:
9803:
9775:Academy Awards
9732:Samuel Goldwyn
9720:Roman Polański
9712:cinematography
9704:Jan Szczepanik
9664:Honorary Oscar
9649:Main article:
9646:
9643:
9561:
9558:
9525:(cheesecake),
9399:Polish cuisine
9397:Main article:
9394:
9391:
9387:Olga Tokarczuk
9379:Czesław Miłosz
9286:romantic poets
9130:
9123:
9122:
9103:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9093:
9092:
9080:
9077:
8888:city tenements
8818:
8811:
8810:
8791:
8784:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8775:Main article:
8772:
8769:
8730:Wilhelm Sasnal
8702:constructivist
8619:, but also on
8578:
8571:
8570:
8559:
8552:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8536:
8533:
8529:Sopot Festival
8525:Opole Festival
8480:
8470:
8465:
8464:
8457:
8456:
8447:
8446:
8445:
8408:polonaise tune
8406:(a coronation
8369:folk composers
8332:
8325:
8324:
8317:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8301:Main article:
8298:
8295:
8206:on 15 August,
8200:Corpus Christi
8178:on 6 January,
8154:
8151:
8131:biało-czerwoni
8099:Main article:
8096:
8093:
8090:
8089:
8086:
8083:
8080:
8077:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8065:
8062:
8058:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8045:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8011:
8008:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7986:
7983:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7956:
7955:
7952:
7949:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7928:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7915:
7912:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7888:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7863:
7860:
7854:
7853:
7850:
7847:
7844:
7841:
7838:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7795:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7690:
7684:
7683:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7566:
7563:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7552:Greater Poland
7548:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7526:
7523:
7520:
7518:Lower Silesian
7514:
7513:
7510:
7507:
7504:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7482:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7460:
7457:
7307:
7304:
7245:Main article:
7242:
7239:
7079:Roman Catholic
7060:Main article:
7057:
7054:
6995:Dolina Jadwigi
6973:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6894:
6892:Świętokrzyskie
6889:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6774:Greater Poland
6771:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6706:Lower Silesian
6703:
6698:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6638:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6606:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6525:
6414:European Union
6383:
6380:
6368:Roald Hoffmann
6364:Joseph Rotblat
6356:Leonid Hurwicz
6348:Antoni Zygmund
6328:Stanisław Ulam
6324:Hugo Steinhaus
6253:
6246:
6245:
6233:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6210:
6207:
6167:Main article:
6164:
6161:
6133:Port of Gdańsk
6061:consisting of
6006:Main article:
6003:
6000:
5848:Malbork Castle
5837:Main article:
5834:
5831:
5766:service sector
5742:Main article:
5738:
5737:
5733:$ 340 billion
5731:
5725:
5724:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5694:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5658:
5644:
5641:
5501:
5498:
5442:Special Forces
5402:Main article:
5399:
5396:
5349:regional power
5315:
5312:
5296:Golden Liberty
5243:Constitutional
5239:Military Court
5162:Main article:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5091:
5089:Świętokrzyskie
5086:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4872:Lower Silesian
4868:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4776:Greater Poland
4772:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4758:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4715:
4700:
4685:
4668:
4653:
4638:
4623:
4619:Lower Silesian
4608:
4593:
4589:Greater Poland
4578:
4561:
4546:
4531:
4516:
4499:
4484:
4426:Main article:
4423:
4420:
4416:State Tribunal
4412:oath of office
4360:d'Hondt method
4342:assembly is a
4317:prime minister
4276:Prime Minister
4274:
4267:
4266:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4236:Main article:
4233:
4230:
4155:European bison
4072:Boreal Kingdom
4033:Main article:
4030:
4027:
4025:and snowfall.
4014:Climate change
3979:alpine climate
3948:Main article:
3945:
3942:
3902:longest rivers
3829:Vistula Lagoon
3817:coastal ridges
3809:Gulf of Gdańsk
3755:Main article:
3752:
3749:
3701:Euroscepticism
3689:2019 elections
3665:Civic Platform
3650:Lech Kaczyński
3616:European Union
3608:Visegrád Group
3596:market economy
3571:following the
3557:Main article:
3554:
3551:
3401:1989 elections
3359:
3356:
3294:intelligentsia
3283:. The Germans
3222:a court system
3216:complete with
3129:, October 1940
3121:Pilots of the
3102:Katyn massacre
3030:
3027:
2934:Chief of State
2912:
2909:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2682:Russian Empire
2647:
2644:
2589:Partition Sejm
2566:royal election
2558:King of Poland
2536:
2533:
2485:Swedish Deluge
2474:. The liberal
2453:Ottoman Empire
2344:King of France
2274:
2271:
2169:Golden Liberty
2114:Crimean Tatars
2106:Ottoman Empire
2090:Peace of Thorn
2008:personal union
1996:Louis of Anjou
1809:King of Poland
1762:Saint Adalbert
1663:
1660:
1573:Early Iron Age
1516:settlement in
1471:
1468:
1463:Main article:
1460:
1457:
1427:, or from the
1360:Greater Poland
1330:Main article:
1327:
1324:
1316:European Union
1283:, safety, and
1197:in the global
1147:at the end of
1078:late antiquity
1012:Czech Republic
976:Central Europe
963:
962:
960:
959:
955:
952:
951:
946:
940:
939:
934:
928:
927:
922:
916:
915:
912:
906:
905:
898:
894:
893:
880:
873:
870:
869:
856:
852:
851:
841:
837:
836:
817:
807:
806:
803:low inequality
792:
782:
781:
776:$ 23,014 (
769:
766:
763:
762:
750:
747:
744:
743:
740:
730:
729:
724:$ 49,060 (
717:
714:
711:
710:
698:
695:
692:
691:
688:
674:
673:
666:
664:• Density
663:
660:
659:
647:
644:
641:
640:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
623:
616:
613:
610:
609:
603:
602:
599:
598:
593:
589:Third Republic
585:
582:
581:
578:
570:
567:
566:
563:
555:
552:
551:
548:
540:
537:
536:
533:
525:
522:
521:
518:
512:
509:
508:
505:
497:
494:
493:
490:
484:
481:
480:
474:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
454:
453:
448:
442:
439:
438:
433:
427:
424:
423:
418:
414:
413:
410:
409:
404:
401:Prime Minister
398:
395:
394:
387:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
367:
361:
360:
358:
357:
354:
348:
346:
340:
339:
337:
336:
333:
327:
321:
319:
318:
317:
316:
313:
303:
300:
298:
295:
291:
290:
288:
287:
281:
280:
279:
276:
266:
264:
261:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
235:52.217; 21.033
206:
203:
199:
198:
188:European Union
186:– in the
177:
176:
165:
155:
154:
151:
150:
112:
111:
92:
91:
84:
77:
76:
70:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
42:
39:
21:Polska (dance)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27046:
27035:
27032:
27030:
27027:
27025:
27022:
27020:
27017:
27015:
27012:
27010:
27007:
27005:
27002:
27000:
26997:
26995:
26992:
26990:
26987:
26985:
26982:
26981:
26979:
26972:
26969:
26926:
26925:LITPOLUKRBRIG
26923:
26921:
26918:
26917:
26915:
26911:
26905:
26894:
26892:
26881:
26879:
26868:
26867:
26865:
26861:
26857:
26850:
26845:
26843:
26838:
26836:
26831:
26830:
26827:
26815:
26812:
26810:
26807:
26805:
26802:
26800:
26797:
26796:
26794:
26790:
26784:
26781:
26779:
26778:United States
26776:
26774:
26771:
26769:
26766:
26764:
26761:
26759:
26756:
26754:
26751:
26750:
26748:
26744:
26738:
26735:
26733:
26730:
26728:
26725:
26723:
26720:
26718:
26715:
26713:
26710:
26708:
26705:
26703:
26700:
26698:
26695:
26693:
26690:
26688:
26685:
26683:
26680:
26678:
26675:
26673:
26670:
26668:
26665:
26663:
26660:
26658:
26655:
26653:
26650:
26648:
26645:
26643:
26640:
26638:
26635:
26633:
26630:
26628:
26627:Liechtenstein
26625:
26623:
26620:
26618:
26615:
26613:
26610:
26608:
26605:
26603:
26600:
26598:
26595:
26593:
26590:
26588:
26585:
26583:
26580:
26578:
26575:
26573:
26570:
26568:
26565:
26563:
26560:
26558:
26555:
26553:
26550:
26548:
26545:
26543:
26540:
26538:
26535:
26533:
26530:
26528:
26525:
26523:
26520:
26518:
26515:
26513:
26510:
26509:
26507:
26505:
26501:
26495:
26492:
26490:
26487:
26485:
26482:
26480:
26477:
26475:
26472:
26470:
26467:
26465:
26462:
26460:
26457:
26455:
26452:
26450:
26447:
26446:
26444:
26440:
26436:
26429:
26424:
26422:
26417:
26415:
26410:
26409:
26406:
26395:
26391:
26387:
26386:UK membership
26380:
26374:
26371:
26369:
26366:
26364:
26361:
26359:
26356:
26354:
26351:
26349:
26346:
26344:
26341:
26339:
26336:
26334:
26331:
26329:
26326:
26324:
26321:
26319:
26316:
26314:
26311:
26309:
26306:
26304:
26301:
26299:
26296:
26294:
26291:
26289:
26286:
26284:
26281:
26279:
26276:
26274:
26271:
26269:
26266:
26264:
26261:
26257:
26252:
26249:
26247:
26244:
26242:
26239:
26237:
26234:
26233:
26231:
26229:
26225:
26220:
26208:
26203:
26200:
26196:
26191:
26190:Liechtenstein
26188:
26184:
26179:
26176:
26175:
26173:
26171:
26167:
26163:
26155:
26150:
26148:
26143:
26141:
26136:
26135:
26132:
26121:
26117:
26110:
26105:
26095:
26092:
26090:
26087:
26085:
26082:
26080:
26077:
26075:
26072:
26070:
26067:
26065:
26062:
26060:
26057:
26055:
26052:
26050:
26047:
26045:
26042:
26040:
26037:
26035:
26032:
26030:
26027:
26025:
26022:
26020:
26017:
26015:
26012:
26010:
26007:
26005:
26002:
26000:
25997:
25995:
25992:
25990:
25987:
25985:
25982:
25980:
25977:
25975:
25972:
25970:
25967:
25965:
25962:
25961:
25958:
25954:
25950:
25949:Member states
25943:
25938:
25936:
25931:
25929:
25924:
25923:
25920:
25908:
25900:
25899:
25896:
25890:
25887:
25885:
25882:
25881:
25879:
25875:
25869:
25866:
25864:
25861:
25859:
25856:
25854:
25851:
25849:
25846:
25844:
25841:
25839:
25836:
25834:
25831:
25830:
25828:
25824:
25818:
25815:
25813:
25810:
25808:
25805:
25804:
25802:
25798:
25788:
25785:
25784:
25782:
25778:
25772:
25769:
25767:
25764:
25762:
25759:
25757:
25754:
25752:
25749:
25747:
25744:
25742:
25739:
25737:
25734:
25732:
25729:
25727:
25724:
25722:
25719:
25717:
25714:
25712:
25709:
25707:
25704:
25702:
25699:
25697:
25694:
25692:
25689:
25687:
25684:
25682:
25679:
25677:
25674:
25672:
25669:
25667:
25664:
25662:
25659:
25658:
25656:
25652:
25646:
25643:
25641:
25638:
25636:
25633:
25631:
25628:
25626:
25623:
25622:
25620:
25616:
25610:
25607:
25605:
25604:New Brunswick
25602:
25600:
25597:
25596:
25594:
25590:
25584:
25581:
25579:
25576:
25574:
25571:
25569:
25566:
25564:
25561:
25559:
25556:
25554:
25551:
25549:
25546:
25544:
25541:
25539:
25536:
25534:
25531:
25529:
25526:
25524:
25521:
25519:
25516:
25514:
25511:
25509:
25506:
25504:
25501:
25499:
25496:
25494:
25491:
25489:
25486:
25484:
25481:
25479:
25476:
25474:
25471:
25469:
25466:
25464:
25461:
25459:
25456:
25454:
25453:Guinea-Bissau
25451:
25449:
25446:
25444:
25441:
25439:
25436:
25434:
25431:
25429:
25426:
25424:
25421:
25419:
25416:
25414:
25411:
25409:
25406:
25404:
25401:
25399:
25396:
25394:
25391:
25389:
25386:
25384:
25381:
25379:
25376:
25374:
25371:
25369:
25366:
25364:
25361:
25359:
25356:
25354:
25351:
25349:
25346:
25344:
25341:
25339:
25336:
25334:
25331:
25329:
25326:
25325:
25323:
25319:
25316:
25314:
25310:
25306:
25299:
25294:
25292:
25287:
25285:
25280:
25279:
25276:
25264:
25261:
25257:
25254:
25252:
25249:
25248:
25247:
25244:
25240:
25237:
25235:
25232:
25230:
25227:
25226:
25225:
25222:
25220:
25217:
25215:
25212:
25208:
25205:
25203:
25200:
25199:
25198:
25195:
25191:
25188:
25186:
25183:
25182:
25181:
25178:
25176:
25173:
25171:
25168:
25167:
25164:
25160:
25152:
25147:
25145:
25140:
25138:
25133:
25132:
25129:
25117:
25116:
25115:Europe portal
25111:
25107:
25105:
25104:
25095:
25094:
25089:
25085:
25082:
25079:
25076:
25073:
25072:
25068:
25057:
25053:
25049:
25046:
25044:
25041:
25039:
25036:
25034:
25031:
25030:
25028:
25024:
25017:
25013:
25009:
25006:
25005:
25003:
24999:
24992:
24988:
24984:
24981:
24980:
24978:
24974:
24971:
24964:Special areas
24961:
24947:
24944:
24942:
24939:
24935:
24932:
24930:
24927:
24925:
24922:
24921:
24920:
24917:
24916:
24914:
24912:
24908:
24901:
24897:
24894:
24891:
24888:
24887:
24884:
24881:
24877:
24869:
24866:
24865:
24864:
24863:Faroe Islands
24861:
24860:
24858:
24854:
24851:
24848:
24841:
24835:
24832:
24830:
24829:South Ossetia
24827:
24825:
24822:
24820:
24817:
24815:
24812:
24811:
24809:
24806:
24799:
24794:
24784:
24781:
24779:
24776:
24774:
24771:
24769:
24766:
24764:
24761:
24759:
24756:
24754:
24751:
24749:
24746:
24744:
24741:
24739:
24736:
24734:
24731:
24729:
24726:
24724:
24721:
24719:
24716:
24714:
24711:
24709:
24706:
24704:
24701:
24699:
24696:
24694:
24691:
24689:
24686:
24684:
24681:
24679:
24676:
24674:
24671:
24669:
24666:
24664:
24663:Liechtenstein
24661:
24659:
24656:
24654:
24651:
24649:
24646:
24644:
24641:
24639:
24636:
24634:
24631:
24629:
24626:
24624:
24621:
24619:
24616:
24614:
24611:
24609:
24606:
24604:
24601:
24599:
24596:
24594:
24591:
24589:
24586:
24584:
24581:
24579:
24576:
24574:
24571:
24569:
24566:
24564:
24561:
24559:
24556:
24554:
24551:
24549:
24546:
24544:
24541:
24539:
24536:
24535:
24533:
24531:
24527:
24523:
24519:
24512:
24507:
24505:
24500:
24498:
24493:
24492:
24489:
24483:
24476:
24464:
24461:
24459:
24456:
24455:
24450:
24446:
24445:
24441:
24431:
24428:
24426:
24423:
24419:
24416:
24415:
24414:
24411:
24409:
24406:
24404:
24401:
24400:
24398:
24396:
24392:
24386:
24383:
24381:
24378:
24376:
24373:
24371:
24368:
24366:
24363:
24361:
24358:
24356:
24353:
24352:
24350:
24348:
24344:
24338:
24335:
24333:
24330:
24328:
24325:
24323:
24320:
24318:
24315:
24313:
24310:
24308:
24305:
24303:
24300:
24298:
24295:
24293:
24290:
24288:
24285:
24283:
24280:
24278:
24275:
24273:
24270:
24268:
24265:
24261:
24258:
24257:
24256:
24253:
24251:
24248:
24246:
24243:
24241:
24238:
24237:
24235:
24233:
24229:
24223:
24220:
24219:
24216:
24213:
24211:
24207:
24197:
24191:
24189:
24186:
24184:
24181:
24179:
24176:
24174:
24171:
24169:
24166:
24164:
24161:
24159:
24156:
24154:
24151:
24149:
24146:
24144:
24143:Merchant Navy
24141:
24139:
24136:
24134:
24131:
24129:
24126:
24124:
24121:
24119:
24116:
24114:
24111:
24109:
24106:
24105:
24102:
24099:
24097:
24093:
24083:
24080:
24078:
24075:
24071:
24068:
24067:
24066:
24063:
24059:
24056:
24055:
24054:
24051:
24049:
24046:
24044:
24041:
24039:
24036:
24034:
24031:
24027:
24024:
24022:
24019:
24018:
24017:
24014:
24012:
24009:
24007:
24004:
24000:
23997:
23996:
23995:
23992:
23990:
23987:
23985:
23982:
23980:
23977:
23975:
23972:
23970:
23967:
23965:
23962:
23960:
23957:
23956:
23953:
23950:
23948:
23944:
23934:
23931:
23929:
23926:
23924:
23921:
23919:
23916:
23914:
23911:
23909:
23906:
23904:
23901:
23899:
23896:
23894:
23891:
23889:
23886:
23885:
23882:
23879:
23877:
23873:
23863:
23860:
23858:
23855:
23853:
23850:
23848:
23845:
23843:
23840:
23839:
23837:
23833:
23827:
23824:
23822:
23819:
23817:
23814:
23812:
23809:
23807:
23804:
23802:
23796:
23794:
23790:Early Modern
23788:
23786:
23783:
23781:
23778:
23776:
23773:
23772:
23770:
23768:
23764:
23761:
23759:
23755:
23750:
23743:
23738:
23736:
23731:
23729:
23724:
23723:
23720:
23714:
23713:OpenStreetMap
23710:
23701:
23699:
23691:
23689:
23685:
23682:
23678:
23677:
23671:
23666:
23662:
23661:
23655:
23650:
23647:
23643:
23642:
23637:
23634:
23631:
23628:
23627:
23609:
23605:
23601:
23597:
23593:
23587:
23583:
23579:
23575:
23574:
23569:
23564:
23563:
23551:
23546:
23530:
23526:
23520:
23505:
23501:
23494:
23478:
23474:
23468:
23460:
23454:
23450:
23449:
23441:
23426:
23420:
23405:
23399:
23384:
23378:
23362:
23356:
23340:
23336:
23330:
23314:
23310:
23304:
23296:
23290:
23283:
23282:
23274:
23272:
23270:
23261:
23255:
23251:
23250:
23243:
23227:
23226:geediting.com
23223:
23216:
23208:
23202:
23198:
23197:
23189:
23187:
23178:
23172:
23168:
23167:
23159:
23151:
23145:
23141:
23140:
23132:
23130:
23128:
23119:
23113:
23109:
23108:
23100:
23098:
23096:
23094:
23085:
23079:
23071:
23067:
23063:
23057:
23053:
23052:
23044:
23042:
23026:
23025:
23020:
23013:
23005:
23001:
22994:
22979:
22975:
22968:
22952:
22951:Polskie Radio
22948:
22942:
22926:
22922:
22916:
22901:
22895:
22891:
22890:
22882:
22866:
22862:
22858:
22851:
22843:
22839:
22833:
22817:
22813:
22807:
22799:
22795:
22789:
22781:
22775:
22771:
22770:
22762:
22754:
22748:
22744:
22743:
22735:
22720:
22716:
22709:
22701:
22695:
22691:
22690:
22682:
22678:
22674:
22670:
22666:
22662:
22658:
22654:
22650:
22646:
22640:
22631:
22623:
22619:
22613:
22598:
22594:
22590:
22584:
22568:
22564:
22558:
22550:
22549:Rynek książki
22546:
22540:
22532:
22526:
22522:
22515:
22500:
22496:
22490:
22475:
22471:
22465:
22457:
22451:
22447:
22446:
22438:
22423:
22417:
22413:
22412:
22404:
22389:
22383:
22379:
22378:
22370:
22362:
22361:fp.amu.edu.pl
22358:
22352:
22344:
22338:
22334:
22327:
22312:
22308:
22302:
22287:
22283:
22277:
22261:
22257:
22253:
22251:
22242:
22226:
22222:
22215:
22207:
22201:
22197:
22196:
22188:
22180:
22174:
22170:
22169:
22161:
22153:
22147:
22143:
22142:
22134:
22126:
22122:
22118:
22117:
22109:
22101:
22095:
22091:
22090:
22082:
22074:
22070:
22066:
22062:
22055:
22039:
22035:
22027:
22019:
22013:
22009:
22008:
22000:
21992:
21986:
21982:
21981:
21973:
21965:
21959:
21955:
21954:
21946:
21938:
21932:
21928:
21927:
21919:
21911:
21905:
21901:
21900:
21892:
21884:
21878:
21874:
21867:
21859:
21857:83-223-2392-1
21853:
21849:
21848:
21840:
21832:
21826:
21822:
21821:
21813:
21805:
21799:
21795:
21794:
21786:
21770:
21766:
21759:
21744:
21738:
21734:
21733:
21725:
21717:
21713:
21707:
21700:
21696:
21693:
21690:, 2002–2007,
21689:
21684:
21676:
21670:
21666:
21665:
21657:
21641:
21637:
21631:
21623:
21617:
21613:
21612:
21604:
21585:
21581:
21580:www.semper.pl
21574:
21568:
21560:
21554:
21550:
21549:
21542:
21534:
21528:
21520:
21516:
21510:
21502:
21496:
21492:
21491:
21483:
21481:
21472:
21468:
21462:
21454:
21450:
21444:
21436:
21432:
21426:
21418:
21414:
21408:
21393:
21389:
21382:
21366:
21362:
21358:
21352:
21336:
21332:
21328:
21322:
21314:
21310:
21306:
21302:
21298:
21294:
21290:
21289:
21281:
21273:
21269:
21263:
21257:
21253:
21247:
21231:
21227:
21220:
21205:
21201:
21195:
21180:
21176:
21170:
21151:
21145:
21130:
21127:OECD (2009).
21123:
21115:
21111:
21105:
21089:
21085:
21081:
21075:
21065:
21061:
21055:
21047:
21043:
21037:
21018:
21015:(in Polish).
21014:
21007:
21001:
20999:
20997:
20980:
20976:
20972:
20966:
20958:
20954:
20950:
20944:
20940:
20935:
20934:
20928:
20927:Norman Davies
20922:
20907:
20901:
20897:
20896:
20888:
20872:
20868:
20864:
20858:
20842:
20838:
20834:
20828:
20812:
20808:
20807:OECD iLibrary
20804:
20798:
20782:
20778:
20774:
20768:
20752:
20748:
20744:
20737:
20722:
20718:
20712:
20696:
20692:
20686:
20670:
20666:
20662:
20656:
20640:
20636:
20630:
20626:
20625:
20617:
20598:
20591:
20585:
20569:
20565:
20559:
20555:
20554:
20546:
20530:
20526:
20520:
20516:
20515:
20507:
20491:
20487:
20481:
20477:
20476:
20468:
20452:
20448:
20447:
20442:
20435:
20419:
20415:
20409:
20393:
20389:
20383:
20379:
20378:
20370:
20354:
20350:
20346:
20342:
20341:
20336:
20329:
20327:
20307:
20303:
20299:
20295:
20288:
20282:
20266:
20262:
20258:
20252:
20236:
20232:
20226:
20222:
20221:
20213:
20194:
20190:
20183:
20177:
20161:
20157:
20151:
20147:
20146:
20138:
20122:
20118:
20112:
20108:
20107:
20099:
20091:
20085:
20069:
20055:
20049:
20033:
20029:
20023:
20019:
20018:
20010:
19994:
19990:
19986:
19980:
19964:
19960:
19956:
19950:
19942:
19936:
19920:
19917:(in Polish).
19916:
19912:
19905:
19889:
19885:
19881:
19875:
19856:
19849:
19848:
19840:
19821:
19817:
19811:
19803:
19799:
19798:
19791:
19783:
19779:
19775:
19771:
19766:
19761:
19757:
19753:
19749:
19742:
19735:
19731:
19728:
19724:
19719:
19703:
19699:
19698:New Geography
19695:
19688:
19681:
19677:
19674:
19670:
19665:
19658:
19654:
19651:
19650:
19644:
19638:
19634:
19630:
19627:
19622:
19606:
19602:
19598:
19592:
19576:
19572:
19571:
19566:
19560:
19544:
19540:
19536:
19530:
19514:
19510:
19509:
19504:
19498:
19482:
19478:
19477:
19469:
19453:
19449:
19448:
19440:
19432:
19426:
19418:
19414:
19410:
19406:
19402:
19398:
19394:
19390:
19383:
19375:
19363:
19347:
19343:
19337:
19333:
19329:
19325:
19324:
19316:
19308:
19302:
19298:
19291:
19275:
19271:
19270:
19265:
19259:
19243:
19239:
19233:
19229:
19228:
19220:
19212:
19206:
19202:
19201:
19193:
19191:
19174:
19170:
19166:
19159:
19143:
19139:
19135:
19129:
19110:
19103:
19097:
19081:
19077:
19073:
19067:
19065:
19048:
19044:
19038:
19034:
19033:
19025:
19009:
19005:
18999:
18995:
18994:
18986:
18970:
18966:
18960:
18956:
18955:
18947:
18931:
18927:
18921:
18917:
18916:
18908:
18892:
18888:
18884:
18878:
18862:
18858:
18854:
18848:
18832:
18828:
18824:
18818:
18799:
18795:
18788:
18782:
18780:
18771:
18769:9781839474378
18765:
18761:
18760:
18752:
18744:
18738:
18734:
18727:
18719:
18713:
18709:
18702:
18694:
18688:
18672:
18668:
18661:
18655:
18639:
18635:
18628:
18620:
18618:9789264481190
18614:
18610:
18609:
18605:OECD (2022).
18601:
18599:
18582:
18578:
18574:
18567:
18551:
18547:
18543:
18537:
18521:
18517:
18513:
18507:
18488:
18481:
18474:
18470:
18467:
18461:
18454:
18448:
18432:
18428:
18424:
18417:
18401:
18397:
18393:
18387:
18371:
18368:(in Polish).
18367:
18361:
18345:
18341:
18337:
18331:
18315:
18311:
18307:
18301:
18285:
18281:
18277:
18271:
18269:
18252:
18248:
18244:
18238:
18222:
18218:
18214:
18208:
18192:
18188:
18184:
18178:
18162:
18158:
18154:
18148:
18132:
18128:
18124:
18118:
18102:
18098:
18094:
18087:
18071:
18067:
18063:
18062:"Aktualności"
18056:
18040:
18036:
18032:
18026:
18010:
18006:
18002:
17996:
17980:
17977:
17971:
17955:
17951:
17947:
17940:
17924:
17920:
17916:
17909:
17907:
17890:
17886:
17880:
17876:
17875:
17867:
17851:
17847:
17842:
17834:
17815:
17808:
17801:
17785:
17781:
17780:Overt Defense
17777:
17770:
17754:
17750:
17746:
17739:
17720:
17713:
17707:
17691:
17687:
17681:
17677:
17676:
17668:
17666:
17664:
17647:
17643:
17637:
17633:
17632:
17624:
17608:
17604:
17598:
17594:
17593:
17585:
17583:
17581:
17564:
17560:
17554:
17550:
17549:
17541:
17525:
17521:
17515:
17511:
17510:
17502:
17486:
17482:
17476:
17472:
17471:
17463:
17447:
17443:
17437:
17433:
17432:
17424:
17408:
17404:
17400:
17394:
17378:
17374:
17368:
17364:
17363:
17355:
17347:
17343:
17339:
17335:
17331:
17327:
17323:
17319:
17315:
17314:
17306:
17290:
17286:
17280:
17276:
17275:
17267:
17252:
17246:
17242:
17238:
17237:
17232:
17226:
17218:
17212:
17208:
17203:
17202:
17193:
17185:
17179:
17175:
17170:
17169:
17160:
17144:
17140:
17134:
17130:
17129:
17121:
17105:
17101:
17097:
17091:
17075:
17071:
17067:
17060:
17044:
17040:
17034:
17030:
17029:
17021:
17019:
17002:
16998:
16992:
16988:
16984:
16977:
16961:
16957:
16953:
16946:
16930:
16926:
16920:
16916:
16912:
16905:
16889:
16885:
16878:
16876:
16859:
16855:
16849:
16845:
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16836:
16834:
16817:
16813:
16809:
16803:
16801:
16799:
16782:
16778:
16772:
16768:
16764:
16757:
16755:
16738:
16734:
16728:
16724:
16720:
16713:
16711:
16702:
16698:
16694:
16688:
16684:
16680:
16673:
16657:
16653:
16647:
16643:
16642:
16634:
16632:
16630:
16613:
16609:
16603:
16599:
16598:
16590:
16574:
16570:
16564:
16560:
16559:
16552:
16536:
16532:
16526:
16522:
16521:
16513:
16497:
16493:
16489:
16482:
16480:
16478:
16458:
16454:
16447:
16440:
16433:
16420:
16415:
16411:
16407:
16400:
16396:
16390:
16371:
16367:
16360:
16356:
16350:
16343:
16341:
16326:
16319:
16315:
16309:
16294:
16290:
16284:
16268:
16264:
16258:
16254:
16253:
16245:
16229:
16225:
16219:
16215:
16214:
16206:
16190:
16186:
16180:
16176:
16175:
16167:
16151:
16147:
16141:
16137:
16136:
16128:
16109:
16105:
16101:
16097:
16093:
16086:
16084:
16075:
16068:
16056:
16052:
16048:
16041:
16025:
16021:
16015:
16011:
16010:
16002:
15983:
15979:
15973:
15966:
15965:
15957:
15941:
15937:
15936:
15931:
15925:
15906:
15899:
15892:
15890:
15873:
15869:
15863:
15859:
15858:
15850:
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15831:
15827:
15821:
15817:
15816:
15808:
15806:
15804:
15802:
15794:
15792:
15779:
15775:
15769:
15765:
15761:
15754:
15746:
15742:
15738:
15734:
15730:
15726:
15722:
15718:
15714:
15710:
15706:
15705:
15697:
15681:
15677:
15673:
15666:
15650:
15646:
15642:
15636:
15628:
15622:
15618:
15611:
15603:
15597:
15593:
15586:
15578:
15572:
15568:
15561:
15553:
15549:
15545:
15541:
15537:
15533:
15529:
15528:
15520:
15504:
15500:
15494:
15475:
15471:
15467:
15463:
15459:
15455:
15448:
15441:
15439:
15437:
15435:
15433:
15431:
15429:
15412:
15408:
15402:
15386:
15382:
15378:
15372:
15370:
15353:
15349:
15345:
15339:
15323:
15319:
15315:
15309:
15293:
15289:
15285:
15279:
15263:
15259:
15255:
15249:
15233:
15229:
15225:
15218:
15202:
15198:
15194:
15187:
15171:
15167:
15163:
15162:
15157:
15150:
15134:
15130:
15124:
15116:
15112:
15108:
15104:
15097:
15089:
15085:
15081:
15077:
15073:
15069:
15062:
15055:
15043:
15039:
15035:
15034:
15029:
15022:
15014:
15010:
15006:
15002:
14995:
14987:
14983:
14980:(1): 97–132.
14979:
14975:
14968:
14960:
14953:
14945:
14941:
14937:
14933:
14929:
14928:
14920:
14904:
14900:
14894:
14878:
14874:
14873:
14868:
14862:
14846:
14842:
14836:
14829:
14827:
14823:
14818:
14802:
14798:
14792:
14785:
14779:
14760:
14756:
14750:
14743:
14742:
14734:
14715:
14711:
14705:
14698:
14697:
14689:
14683:
14679:
14675:
14671:
14667:
14662:
14653:
14645:
14641:
14635:
14629:Remember.org.
14628:
14624:
14621:
14616:
14610:
14605:
14589:
14585:
14581:
14575:
14565:
14558:
14556:
14552:
14535:
14531:
14525:
14521:
14518:(in Polish).
14513:
14509:
14508:
14500:
14484:
14480:
14474:
14467:
14463:
14460:
14455:
14439:
14435:
14428:
14412:
14408:
14402:
14386:
14382:
14376:
14369:
14365:
14361:
14358:
14353:
14345:
14339:
14335:
14328:
14320:
14314:
14310:
14303:
14296:
14291:
14284:
14280:
14276:
14270:
14262:
14256:
14252:
14251:
14243:
14241:
14224:
14220:
14214:
14210:
14209:
14201:
14195:
14189:
14183:
14177:
14162:
14156:
14152:
14151:
14143:
14128:
14122:
14118:
14117:
14109:
14094:
14088:
14084:
14083:
14075:
14067:
14061:
14057:
14056:
14048:
14041:
14035:
14027:
14021:
14017:
14010:
14002:
13998:
13994:
13990:
13986:
13982:
13975:
13966:
13958:
13954:
13950:
13946:
13939:
13931:
13927:
13923:
13919:
13912:
13904:
13898:
13894:
13887:
13880:
13876:
13872:
13869:According to
13866:
13850:
13846:
13840:
13836:
13835:
13827:
13811:
13807:
13805:1-280-83513-3
13801:
13797:
13796:
13788:
13772:
13768:
13762:
13758:
13757:
13749:
13733:
13729:
13723:
13720:. Routledge.
13719:
13718:
13710:
13694:
13690:
13684:
13680:
13679:
13671:
13655:
13651:
13645:
13641:
13640:
13632:
13616:
13612:
13606:
13602:
13601:
13593:
13577:
13573:
13569:
13562:
13554:
13548:
13544:
13543:
13535:
13533:
13524:
13522:90-5201-235-0
13518:
13514:
13507:
13491:
13487:
13483:
13479:
13472:
13465:
13459:
13453:, p. 310
13452:
13447:
13441:, p. 260
13440:
13435:
13419:
13418:
13410:
13404:, p. 176
13403:
13398:
13383:
13377:
13373:
13372:
13364:
13357:
13353:
13349:
13343:
13336:
13331:
13324:
13319:
13312:
13307:
13300:
13295:
13288:
13283:
13276:
13271:
13265:, p. 411
13264:
13259:
13252:
13247:
13245:
13238:, p. 409
13237:
13232:
13224:
13220:
13216:
13210:
13194:
13190:
13184:
13180:
13179:
13171:
13155:
13151:
13147:
13143:
13142:
13134:
13118:
13114:
13108:
13104:
13103:
13095:
13079:
13075:
13069:
13065:
13064:
13056:
13040:
13036:
13030:
13026:
13025:
13017:
13001:
12997:
12993:
12989:
12988:
12980:
12965:
12959:
12955:
12954:
12946:
12938:
12932:
12928:
12927:
12919:
12903:
12899:
12893:
12889:
12888:
12880:
12874:, p. 122
12873:
12868:
12852:
12848:
12842:
12838:
12837:
12829:
12813:
12809:
12803:
12799:
12798:
12790:
12788:
12771:
12767:
12761:
12757:
12756:
12748:
12740:
12734:
12730:
12726:
12719:
12717:
12709:
12704:
12688:
12684:
12678:
12674:
12673:
12665:
12649:
12645:
12639:
12635:
12634:
12626:
12619:
12615:
12609:
12605:
12600:
12599:
12590:
12584:
12580:
12576:
12572:
12566:
12550:
12546:
12540:
12536:
12535:
12527:
12519:
12513:
12509:
12505:
12499:
12493:, p. 256
12492:
12487:
12485:
12477:
12472:
12464:
12458:
12454:
12453:
12445:
12437:
12431:
12427:
12426:
12418:
12411:
12400:
12394:
12390:
12386:
12385:
12380:
12373:
12365:
12359:
12355:
12354:
12346:
12338:
12332:
12328:
12323:
12322:
12313:
12297:
12293:
12287:
12283:
12282:
12274:
12258:
12254:
12248:
12244:
12243:
12235:
12219:
12215:
12209:
12205:
12204:
12196:
12180:
12176:
12170:
12166:
12165:
12157:
12141:
12137:
12131:
12127:
12126:
12118:
12102:
12098:
12092:
12088:
12087:
12079:
12063:
12059:
12053:
12049:
12048:
12040:
12024:
12020:
12014:
12010:
12009:
12001:
11993:
11987:
11983:
11982:
11974:
11959:
11953:
11949:
11948:
11940:
11924:
11920:
11914:
11910:
11909:
11901:
11894:
11883:
11877:
11873:
11872:
11864:
11848:
11844:
11840:
11836:
11835:
11827:
11819:
11813:
11809:
11805:
11804:
11799:
11793:
11785:
11779:
11775:
11768:
11752:
11748:
11742:
11738:
11737:
11729:
11722:
11716:
11712:
11705:
11689:
11685:
11679:
11675:
11674:
11666:
11664:
11662:
11645:
11641:
11635:
11631:
11630:
11622:
11614:
11608:
11604:
11597:
11581:
11577:
11571:
11567:
11566:
11558:
11550:
11546:
11542:
11538:
11531:
11524:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11496:
11492:
11489:(1): e54360,
11488:
11484:
11477:
11461:
11457:
11453:
11446:
11430:
11426:
11420:
11416:
11415:
11410:
11404:
11388:
11384:
11378:
11375:. Routledge.
11374:
11373:
11365:
11349:
11345:
11339:
11335:
11334:
11326:
11310:
11306:
11300:
11296:
11295:
11287:
11279:
11277:9789077922187
11273:
11269:
11265:
11261:
11257:
11250:
11234:
11230:
11226:
11222:
11218:
11214:
11210:
11206:
11202:
11195:
11187:
11181:
11177:
11170:
11154:
11150:
11144:
11140:
11139:
11131:
11115:
11111:
11105:
11101:
11100:
11092:
11076:
11072:
11066:
11062:
11061:
11053:
11037:
11033:
11027:
11023:
11022:
11014:
11006:
11000:
10996:
10995:
10987:
10985:
10983:
10981:
10979:
10977:
10975:
10973:
10971:
10954:
10950:
10946:
10942:
10941:
10933:
10917:
10913:
10907:
10903:
10902:
10894:
10892:
10875:
10871:
10865:
10861:
10857:
10853:
10847:
10831:
10827:
10821:
10817:
10816:
10808:
10792:
10788:
10784:
10780:
10779:
10771:
10755:
10751:
10749:0-521-55109-9
10745:
10741:
10740:
10732:
10716:
10712:
10706:
10702:
10701:
10693:
10677:
10673:
10669:
10663:
10648:
10644:
10640:
10634:
10618:
10614:
10608:
10606:
10604:
10602:
10600:
10598:
10581:
10577:
10573:
10567:
10551:
10547:
10543:
10537:
10521:
10517:
10510:
10494:
10490:
10486:
10480:
10461:
10457:
10451:
10435:
10431:
10427:
10421:
10419:
10412:
10410:
10401:
10395:
10393:
10384:
10378:
10372:, Article 27.
10371:
10366:
10362:
10348:
10344:
10339:
10314:
10308:
10304:
10302:
10295:
10286:
10280:
10276:
10272:
10267:
10258:
10249:
10240:
10233:
10230:
10224:
10220:
10210:
10207:
10206:
10202:
10201:Europe portal
10191:
10188:
10187:Poland portal
10177:
10170:
10168:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10147:
10145:
10141:
10137:
10136:Jan Zieliński
10133:
10129:
10125:
10121:
10117:
10113:
10108:
10106:
10102:
10098:
10094:
10090:
10086:
10082:
10077:
10075:
10071:
10067:
10063:
10059:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10044:
10039:
10037:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10013:
10009:
10005:
10001:
10000:weightlifting
9997:
9993:
9989:
9985:
9981:
9977:
9973:
9967:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9949:
9939:
9937:
9933:
9929:
9925:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9896:
9894:
9890:
9886:
9882:
9878:
9874:
9870:
9866:
9862:
9858:
9854:
9850:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9802:
9800:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9787:
9782:
9781:
9776:
9772:
9768:
9764:
9760:
9755:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9741:
9740:Max Fleischer
9737:
9733:
9729:
9725:
9724:Andrzej Wajda
9721:
9717:
9713:
9709:
9708:Telectroscope
9705:
9701:
9697:
9694:patented the
9693:
9689:
9681:
9677:
9671:
9665:
9661:
9660:Andrzej Wajda
9657:
9652:
9642:
9640:
9636:
9632:
9628:
9627:
9622:
9618:
9614:
9609:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9579:
9578:
9572:
9567:
9557:
9555:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9538:
9537:) cream pie.
9536:
9535:mille-feuille
9532:
9528:
9524:
9520:
9517:, carrot and
9516:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9500:
9496:
9491:
9489:
9485:
9481:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9465:
9461:
9457:
9453:
9449:
9442:
9438:
9434:
9430:
9426:
9422:
9418:
9414:
9410:
9409:hunter's stew
9405:
9400:
9390:
9388:
9384:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9371:
9366:
9362:
9361:
9356:
9352:
9348:
9344:
9343:
9338:
9337:Stanisław Lem
9334:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9321:
9320:Joseph Conrad
9317:
9313:
9312:impressionist
9309:
9308:
9303:
9299:
9295:
9291:
9287:
9283:
9279:
9276:, playwright
9275:
9274:Enlightenment
9271:
9267:
9263:
9259:
9255:
9251:
9247:
9243:
9239:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9219:
9214:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9145:
9144:
9139:
9138:
9133:
9132:Joseph Conrad
9127:
9119:
9115:
9114:
9110:
9106:
9100:
9090:
9086:
9076:
9074:
9070:
9067:
9066:functionalist
9063:
9062:
9057:
9053:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9039:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9021:
9019:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8988:
8984:
8980:
8977:. Decorative
8976:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8932:
8924:
8920:
8912:
8907:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8860:Magdeburg Law
8857:
8856:Low Countries
8853:
8849:
8845:
8841:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8815:
8807:architecture.
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8788:
8778:
8768:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8754:
8750:
8746:
8742:
8738:
8733:
8731:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8715:
8711:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8668:(symbolism),
8667:
8663:
8658:
8656:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8622:
8621:Impressionism
8618:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8582:
8575:
8566:
8562:
8556:
8546:
8542:
8541:Art in Poland
8532:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8513:
8503:
8499:
8495:
8491:
8487:
8483:
8468:
8462:
8461:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8419:
8417:
8416:Diomedes Cato
8413:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8399:
8398:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8380:
8378:
8374:
8370:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8335:
8329:
8320:
8314:
8304:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8260:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8221:
8215:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8189:
8185:
8184:Easter Monday
8181:
8180:Easter Sunday
8177:
8169:
8165:
8160:
8150:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8116:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8055:
8052:
8049:
8046:
8043:
8040:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8021:
8018:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7987:
7984:
7981:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7960:Subcarpathian
7958:
7957:
7953:
7950:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7923:
7919:
7916:
7913:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7870:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7848:
7845:
7842:
7839:
7836:
7833:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7777:
7774:
7771:
7768:
7765:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7753:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7703:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7654:Lesser Poland
7652:
7651:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7564:
7561:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7527:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7505:
7502:
7499:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7470:
7469:
7464:
7456:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7433:
7428:
7427:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7385:
7382:) or various
7381:
7380:
7375:
7374:
7368:
7364:
7359:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7317:
7313:
7303:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7262:
7258:
7254:
7248:
7238:
7236:
7235:Black Madonna
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7149:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7095:
7090:
7088:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7063:
7053:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6827:
6825:
6824:Subcarpathian
6822:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6672:Lesser Poland
6670:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6528:
6524:
6522:
6521:Romani people
6518:
6514:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6437:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6401:
6400:Polish people
6397:
6393:
6389:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6360:Alfred Tarski
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6336:Alfred Tarski
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6316:Stefan Banach
6313:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6260:
6256:
6250:
6241:
6237:
6230:
6220:
6216:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6086:regional rail
6083:
6079:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6063:express roads
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6047:Schengen Area
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6017:PKP Intercity
6014:
6009:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5942:. The German
5941:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5892:dwarf statues
5889:
5885:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5719:
5717:Unemployment
5715:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5695:
5692:
5688:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5623:units of the
5622:
5618:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5497:
5495:
5494:Baltic states
5491:
5486:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5467:Poland ranks
5465:
5463:
5462:defence force
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5339:
5336:, located in
5335:
5330:
5325:
5321:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5247:statutory law
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5219:Supreme Court
5216:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5202:, torture or
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5177:
5176:
5170:
5165:
5164:Law of Poland
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:Subcarpathian
5059:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4826:Lesser Poland
4824:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:Wielkopolskie
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4697:
4696:Subcarpathian
4690:
4683:
4682:
4673:
4666:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4575:
4566:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4513:
4504:
4497:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4309:head of state
4306:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4171:Tatra chamois
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4007:Precipitation
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3983:Lower Silesia
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3961:map of Poland
3960:
3956:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3924:, within the
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:Vistula Delta
3877:
3873:
3872:Mount Śnieżka
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3825:Hel Peninsula
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:map of Poland
3767:
3763:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:Schengen Area
3631:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3581:shock therapy
3574:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:Edward Gierek
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3408:Joseph Stalin
3402:
3399:party in the
3398:
3394:
3390:
3389:, 4 June 1989
3388:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3336:were expelled
3334:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3206:Armia Krajowa
3203:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:In 1926, the
3007:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:German Empire
2886:
2882:
2881:Germanisation
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2746:organised by
2745:
2740:
2738:
2737:for 123 years
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:neoclassicism
2602:
2601:Enlightenment
2598:
2594:
2593:fait accompli
2590:
2586:
2583:In 1772, the
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:winged hussar
2435:
2431:
2428:
2420:
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13082:. Retrieved
13062:
13055:
13043:. Retrieved
13023:
13016:
13004:. Retrieved
12986:
12979:
12967:. Retrieved
12952:
12945:
12925:
12918:
12906:. Retrieved
12886:
12879:
12867:
12855:. Retrieved
12835:
12828:
12816:. Retrieved
12796:
12774:. Retrieved
12754:
12747:
12728:
12703:
12691:. Retrieved
12671:
12664:
12652:. Retrieved
12632:
12625:
12617:
12597:
12589:
12570:
12565:
12553:. Retrieved
12533:
12526:
12507:
12498:
12478:, p. 64
12471:
12451:
12444:
12424:
12417:
12409:
12402:. Retrieved
12383:
12372:
12352:
12345:
12320:
12312:
12300:. Retrieved
12280:
12273:
12261:. Retrieved
12241:
12234:
12222:. Retrieved
12202:
12195:
12183:. Retrieved
12163:
12156:
12144:. Retrieved
12125:Legnica 1241
12124:
12117:
12105:. Retrieved
12085:
12078:
12066:. Retrieved
12046:
12039:
12027:. Retrieved
12007:
12000:
11980:
11973:
11961:. Retrieved
11946:
11939:
11927:. Retrieved
11907:
11900:
11892:
11885:. Retrieved
11870:
11863:
11851:. Retrieved
11833:
11826:
11802:
11792:
11773:
11767:
11755:. Retrieved
11735:
11728:
11710:
11704:
11692:. Retrieved
11672:
11648:. Retrieved
11628:
11621:
11602:
11596:
11584:. Retrieved
11564:
11557:
11543:(1): 78–81.
11540:
11536:
11530:
11486:
11482:
11476:
11464:. Retrieved
11455:
11445:
11433:. Retrieved
11413:
11403:
11391:. Retrieved
11371:
11364:
11352:. Retrieved
11332:
11325:
11313:. Retrieved
11293:
11286:
11263:
11259:
11249:
11237:. Retrieved
11204:
11194:
11175:
11169:
11157:. Retrieved
11137:
11130:
11118:. Retrieved
11098:
11091:
11079:. Retrieved
11059:
11052:
11040:. Retrieved
11020:
11013:
10993:
10957:. Retrieved
10939:
10932:
10920:. Retrieved
10900:
10878:. Retrieved
10859:
10846:
10834:. Retrieved
10814:
10807:
10795:. Retrieved
10777:
10770:
10758:. Retrieved
10738:
10731:
10719:. Retrieved
10699:
10692:
10680:. Retrieved
10662:
10650:. Retrieved
10643:ec.europa.eu
10642:
10633:
10621:. Retrieved
10584:. Retrieved
10575:
10566:
10554:. Retrieved
10545:
10536:
10524:. Retrieved
10509:
10497:. Retrieved
10479:
10464:. Retrieved
10450:
10438:. Retrieved
10429:
10377:
10365:
10338:
10294:
10266:
10257:
10248:
10239:
10223:
10148:
10132:Łukasz Kubot
10109:
10078:
10040:
9970:
9922:trilogy and
9897:
9881:TVP Rozrywka
9873:TVP Historia
9839:corporation
9826:
9784:
9778:
9756:
9685:
9624:
9610:
9583:
9575:
9574:Traditional
9539:
9519:seared beets
9492:
9486:, a type of
9445:
9428:
9420:
9412:
9385:(1996), and
9370:The Peasants
9368:
9358:
9340:
9330:
9324:
9318:writings of
9305:
9222:Nicholas Rey
9215:
9174:
9159:spirituality
9152:
9141:
9135:
9111:
9059:
9054:and country
9040:manor houses
9037:
9022:
9014:Neoclassical
8923:brick Gothic
8908:
8899:
8884:stare miasto
8883:
8871:
8867:
8837:
8805:Brick Gothic
8771:Architecture
8734:
8726:Igor Mitoraj
8678:academic art
8659:
8648:
8629:Young Poland
8598:
8579:
8545:Young Poland
8509:
8498:triple meter
8492:), stylised
8458:
8438:
8420:
8401:
8395:
8381:
8342:
8287:
8268:Fat Thursday
8261:
8236:
8218:
8216:
8173:
8130:
8120:
7485:Voivodeship
7480:2021 census
7477:2011 census
7474:2002 census
7471:Census year
7462:
7442:
7436:
7430:
7424:
7423:in Poland –
7398:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7371:
7360:
7355:
7333:
7281:
7256:
7250:
7221:
7169:Pentecostals
7159:, including
7150:
7123:
7119:secularizing
7112:
7106:
7091:
7084:
7077:to become a
7071:John Paul II
7008:
6994:
6509:Karta Polaka
6498:and 147,814
6481:
6442:
6407:
6382:Demographics
6309:
6297:universities
6294:
6273:
6267:
6259:heliocentric
6240:Nobel Prizes
6195:
6172:
6155:services to
6102:
6098:flag carrier
6075:
6028:
5988:Eagle's Path
5960:dark tourism
5956:Kudowa-Zdrój
5952:Skull Chapel
5876:
5857:
5816:
5782:
5778:Polish złoty
5747:
5668:Nominal GDP
5648:
5636:
5614:
5591:
5574:
5571:State Police
5564:
5537:
5517:
5510:Toyota Auris
5482:
5466:
5427:
5381:
5355:as of 2022.
5345:middle power
5343:Poland is a
5342:
5282:
5263:
5212:
5181:
5174:
5134:
5111:
5088:
5066:Podkarpackie
5065:
5042:
5019:
4996:
4973:
4950:
4933:Zielona Góra
4922:
4899:
4877:Dolnośląskie
4876:
4853:
4830:
4803:
4780:
4760:
4753:
4741:Capital city
4724:
4709:
4694:
4677:
4662:
4647:
4632:
4617:
4602:
4587:
4570:
4555:
4540:
4525:
4508:
4493:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4434:voivodeships
4431:
4408:Sejm Marshal
4401:
4389:
4337:
4329:Andrzej Duda
4325:popular vote
4292:Poland is a
4291:
4258:Andrzej Duda
4195:
4124:
4062:
4029:Biodiversity
4011:
3964:
3899:
3849:
3802:
3782:water bodies
3771:
3717:Andrzej Duda
3713:Beata Szydlo
3662:
3632:
3620:a referendum
3589:Soviet-style
3578:
3518:
3512:
3483:
3473:
3449:
3437:Eastern Bloc
3405:
3384:
3326:
3322:half of them
3265:Adolf Hitler
3262:
3257:Soviet Union
3253:Nazi Germany
3209:
3199:
3132:
3109:
3068:
3029:World War II
3022:
3008:
2985:
2966:
2943:
2855:at Warsaw's
2850:
2768:client state
2744:insurrection
2742:In 1806, an
2741:
2710:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2618:adopted the
2613:
2582:
2563:
2517:Augustus III
2501:Ottoman Army
2493:independence
2476:Władysław IV
2469:
2440:units under
2424:
2364:Jan Zamoyski
2356:Livonian War
2333:
2329:Polonisation
2321:Southeastern
2302:
2267:Wawel Castle
2259:architecture
2228:
2224:Unitarianism
2200:
2191:Polish kings
2183:Wawel Castle
2161:General Sejm
2154:
2133:
2122:
2071:
2036:
1953:
1922:
1912:invited the
1855:
1849:
1774:
1734:Dagome iudex
1714:Roman Church
1703:
1694:Roman Church
1601:
1566:
1537:Homo sapiens
1535:
1531:Homo erectus
1529:
1523:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1375:
1367:
1364:Proto-Slavic
1335:
1263:that is the
1253:middle power
1232:Poland is a
1231:
1195:Eastern Bloc
1183:World War II
1179:Soviet Union
1145:independence
1134:
1118:great powers
1104:in 966. The
1064:
1036:largest city
971:
967:
966:
944:Internet TLD
920:Calling code
900:dd.mm.yyyy (
748:• Total
696:• Total
614:• Total
580:22 July 1944
492:14 April 966
391:Andrzej Duda
179:
95:
86:Coat of arms
33:
26963: /
26722:Switzerland
26662:Netherlands
26338:Netherlands
26059:Netherlands
25868:LGBT rights
25761:South Korea
25563:Switzerland
25543:Saint Lucia
25463:Ivory Coast
24968:sovereignty
24966:of internal
24946:Isle of Man
24847:territories
24805:recognition
24763:Switzerland
24698:Netherlands
24380:Health care
24332:Video games
24272:Folk dances
24108:Agriculture
24048:Politicians
23847:Demographic
23806:World War I
23800:(1795–1918)
23792:(1569–1795)
23780:Middle Ages
23614:12 December
23560:Works cited
23483:18 December
23388:9 September
23367:12 December
23345:12 December
23319:12 December
22953:(in Polish)
22822:18 November
22602:12 December
22589:Adam Gopnik
22504:10 February
22479:10 February
22231:10 December
22040:. p. 9
21771:(in Polish)
21232:(in Polish)
21230:stat.gov.pl
21204:dane.gov.pl
21179:stat.gov.pl
21068:(in Polish)
21064:Archive.org
20757:16 December
20271:11 December
19959:stat.gov.pl
19549:21 December
19539:www.cia.gov
18897:26 November
18556:6 September
18526:11 December
18376:21 December
18290:21 December
17324:: 307–315.
17110:16 December
17080:16 December
16956:sejm.gov.pl
16466:11 December
15715:: 273–284.
15676:geoforum.pl
15417:12 December
15391:14 December
15328:15 November
15007:: 117–129.
14938:: 147–171.
12872:Parker 2017
12708:Graves 2014
12491:Davies 2001
12476:Magill 2012
11205:Nature News
10586:23 December
10556:12 November
10473:(in Polish)
10440:31 December
10112:Iga Świątek
10020:in football
9988:ski jumping
9930:also hosts
9920:The Witcher
9908:The Farm 51
9885:TVP Polonia
9877:TVP Kultura
9865:Polsat News
9845:free-to-air
9780:The Pianist
9680:Golden Bear
9676:Golden Lion
9635:Polish beds
9548:, wine and
9480:tomato soup
9470:(borscht),
9454:(sausage),
9342:The Witcher
9307:Pan Tadeusz
9290:Three Bards
9226:Renaissance
9183:quern-stone
9140:(1899) and
9113:Pan Tadeusz
8996:, found in
8967:Renaissance
8829:Renaissance
8698:avant-garde
8692:(dystopian
8662:Jan Matejko
8641:Art Nouveau
8625:romanticism
8613:historicism
8561:Jan Matejko
8403:God Is Born
8397:Bogurodzica
8386:containing
8373:sung poetry
8276:Holy Sunday
7340:Casimir III
7300:medications
7229:, a shrine
7223:Pilgrimages
7185:Evangelical
7157:Protestants
7030:homogeneous
6717:Częstochowa
6576:Voivodeship
6560:Voivodeship
6469:conurbation
6301:Marie Curie
6236:Marie Curie
6175:fossil-fuel
6157:Scandinavia
6153:train ferry
6105:Świnoujście
5958:constitute
5780:(zł, PLN).
5554:. However,
5540:earthquakes
5483:Compulsory
5458:gendarmerie
5430:Land Forces
4951:Mazowieckie
4831:Małopolskie
4748:Population
4736:Voivodeship
4380:lower house
4340:legislative
4333:Donald Tusk
4280:Donald Tusk
4226:Natura 2000
4143:white stork
4137:, with the
4070:within the
4055:-protected
3999:Scandinavia
3995:cold fronts
3975:continental
3938:Lake Hańcza
3890:Morskie Oko
3860:Carpathians
3766:Topographic
3677:Donald Tusk
3539:Lech Wałęsa
3525:by General
3519:Solidarność
3464:Warsaw Pact
3393:Gary Cooper
3340:Curzon Line
3183:atomic bomb
3159:Netherlands
3125:during the
3104:) ahead of
3082:Warsaw fell
3071:Nazi German
3056:Polish Army
2988:World War I
2946:World War I
2782:who became
2688:), and the
2556:, the last
2523:during the
2513:Augustus II
2511:era, under
2487:during the
2325:at its peak
2251:Bona Sforza
2231:Renaissance
2137:. In 1493,
2055:Middle Ages
1988:Black Death
1964:Przemysł II
1949:Polish Jews
1908:. In 1226,
1874:Bolesław II
1872:. In 1076,
1864:. In 1031,
1836:Kievan Rus'
1816: 1025
1781:investiture
1636:amber trade
1602:Throughout
1488:Early Slavs
1453:Middle Ages
1384:Middle Ages
1356:Warta River
1352:West Slavic
1336:The native
1271:by nominal
1207:Warsaw Pact
1165:interbellum
1149:World War I
1092:, who gave
1086:West Slavic
897:Date format
824: 0.881
632:1.48 (2015)
520:1 July 1569
445:Lower house
430:Upper house
417:Legislature
407:Donald Tusk
325:no religion
311:Catholicism
233: /
26978:Categories
26692:San Marino
26657:Montenegro
26637:Luxembourg
26532:Azerbaijan
26384:See also:
26328:Luxembourg
26114:See also:
26049:Luxembourg
25736:Mozambique
25731:Montenegro
25558:Seychelles
25498:Mauritania
25488:Madagascar
25478:Luxembourg
25383:Cape Verde
25159:Baltic Sea
24733:San Marino
24693:Montenegro
24673:Luxembourg
24653:Kazakhstan
24558:Azerbaijan
24327:Traditions
24277:Literature
24195:(currency)
24038:Parliament
23979:Corruption
23529:abc.net.au
23430:13 October
22978:Beautylish
22798:sjp.pwn.pl
21519:Culture.pl
21453:Culture.pl
21361:www.nid.pl
21331:www.nid.pl
21272:sjp.pwn.pl
20985:3 December
20877:3 December
20847:3 December
20817:3 December
20787:3 December
20701:3 December
20675:3 December
20457:23 October
20446:The Pillar
20359:23 October
19570:World Bank
19508:World Bank
19352:28 October
18887:utk.gov.pl
18807:12 October
18644:6 February
18320:5 December
18257:5 December
18227:5 December
18197:5 December
18137:2 December
18107:2 December
18076:2 December
18045:2 December
18015:2 December
17985:2 December
17960:2 December
17929:2 December
17848:. London.
17256:26 October
17100:Data UNODC
16701:1046634087
16492:www.gov.pl
16051:culture.pl
15935:World Bank
15704:GeoJournal
15655:4 December
15509:4 December
13582:29 October
13496:20 January
13358:, pp. 1–74
13275:Scott 2015
13263:Scott 2015
13251:Scott 2015
13236:Scott 2015
11963:26 October
11887:26 October
10526:19 October
10499:11 October
10466:18 October
10357:References
10116:Grand Slam
10105:Manchester
10085:Ekstraliga
10083:. The top
10045:is ranked
9996:ice hockey
9982:, boxing,
9900:CD Projekt
9833:television
9789:(2013) by
9728:Pola Negri
9718:, chiefly
9670:Palme d'Or
9631:witzchoura
9621:Versailles
9594:Max Factor
9554:Grodziskie
9531:napoleonka
9515:sauerkraut
9488:bread roll
9353:authors –
9345:series by
9314:and early
9246:John Laski
9242:Sarbievius
9216:The poets
9195:Old Polish
9163:allegories
9079:Literature
9044:farmsteads
9018:Revivalist
8975:mausoleums
8911:Romanesque
8900:sukiennice
8892:town halls
8876:concentric
8854:, and the
8706:minimalist
8694:surrealism
8653:(1490) by
8592:in Kraków.
8584:(1490) by
8494:folk dance
8388:polyphonic
8384:Stary Sącz
8377:disco polo
8245:first star
8194:on 3 May,
8190:on 1 May,
8188:Labour Day
8157:See also:
7892:Pomeranian
7586:Holy Cross
7367:compulsory
7197:Mariavites
7177:Adventists
6808:Pomeranian
6688:Pomeranian
6504:identities
6494:, 232,547
6430:median age
6145:Unity Line
6141:Polferries
6137:Baltic Sea
6043:air travel
5972:Karkonosze
5950:, and the
5827:income tax
5693:inflation
5289:federative
5278:stillbirth
5237:) and the
5147:1,688,047
5124:1,416,495
5101:1,224,626
5084:Holy Cross
5078:2,121,229
5055:4,492,330
5032:2,346,671
5015:Pomeranian
5009:1,173,286
4963:5,425,028
4940:1,007,145
4912:2,095,258
4889:2,891,321
4866:2,437,970
4843:3,410,441
4820:2,061,942
4793:3,496,450
4755:in English
4711:Holy Cross
4574:Pomeranian
4512:Pomeranian
4495:Pomeranian
4224:under the
4220:and other
4206:Bieszczady
4202:Białowieża
4120:coniferous
4082:, and the
3916:, and the
3868:Mount Rysy
3790:Baltic Sea
3786:ecosystems
3660:, Russia.
3604:GDP levels
3515:Solidarity
3397:Solidarity
3338:along the
3204:, and the
2879:to resist
2752:Napoleon's
2535:Partitions
2472:Silver Age
2189:, seat of
2156:Nihil novi
2112:) and the
2063:Lithuanian
2059:Modern Era
2057:and early
1902:Sandomierz
1882:fragmented
1805:Holy Lance
1569:Bronze Age
1560:, and the
1524:The first
1510:Bronze Age
1492:West Slavs
1437:Old Polish
1409:Lithuanian
1380:topography
1314:, and the
1255:, it is a
1157:victorious
980:Baltic Sea
799: 26.3
638:Population
421:Parliament
365:Government
344:Demonym(s)
285:non-Polish
283:1.1% only
180:– in
162:Show globe
27029:Republics
26960:52°N 20°E
26878:Lithuania
26746:Observers
26632:Lithuania
26323:Lithuania
26044:Lithuania
25721:Louisiana
25716:Lithuania
25661:Argentina
25654:Observers
25503:Mauritius
25219:Lithuania
24896:Gibraltar
24845:Dependent
24668:Lithuania
24385:Languages
24375:Education
24302:Name days
24173:Transport
24053:President
24006:Judiciary
23984:Elections
23908:Mountains
23876:Geography
23409:1 January
23070:607873644
22125:636790894
21748:31 August
21299:: 10–13.
21236:28 August
21209:28 August
21184:28 August
20957:660185612
20606:12 August
20349:0099-9660
20302:2353-5822
19782:134111630
19774:2084-6118
19637:Markowski
19413:199470591
19372:ignored (
19362:cite book
19269:Space.com
18350:1 January
18167:10 August
18035:aw.gov.pl
17846:Telegraph
17790:28 August
17759:28 August
17717:. SIPRI.
17346:154796013
16425:21 August
16379:21 August
16331:21 August
16298:9 October
15745:150809158
15686:9 October
15470:907771825
15462:1506-0632
15298:8 October
15088:153998856
14543:4 January
14489:4 January
14444:4 January
14417:4 January
14391:18 August
13488:: 65–85.
13424:30 August
12996:717123162
11843:174416485
11800:(2005a).
11229:180646880
11221:0028-0836
10349:of Russia
10229:Dąbrowski
10151:Himalayas
9869:TVP Sport
9847:channels
9823:in Warsaw
9771:film noir
9716:Hollywood
9700:Aeroscope
9696:Pleograph
9617:Sarmatism
9577:polonaise
9441:rye bread
9373:; 1924),
9363:; 1905),
9360:Quo Vadis
9316:modernist
9288:were the
9270:sarmatian
9248:. In the
9238:Goslicius
9234:Modrevius
9230:Dantiscus
9161:, social
9048:granaries
9029:red brick
8983:pinnacles
8842:reflects
8821:City Hall
8637:symbolism
8633:decadence
8431:polonaise
8196:Pentecost
7858:Podlaskie
7459:Ethnicity
7426:licencjat
7379:technikum
7306:Education
7253:hospitals
7231:dedicated
7213:neopagans
7161:Lutherans
7146:Holocaust
7128:with the
7126:concordat
7042:Pomerania
7034:Kashubian
7026:Lithuania
7003:Kashubian
6999:bilingual
6972:Languages
6944:Podlaskie
6939:Białystok
6871:Bydgoszcz
6853:Sosnowiec
6621:1,860,281
6519:, 12,731
6513:Ukrainian
6496:Kashubian
6432:of 42.2.
6292:in 2023.
6183:Węglokoks
6117:Kołobrzeg
6067:motorways
6020:Pendolino
6002:Transport
5924:rock salt
5656:GDP (PPP)
5548:tornadoes
5438:Air Force
5420:multirole
5384:relations
5259:ombudsman
5255:president
5235:Appellate
5215:judiciary
5188:civil law
5020:Pomorskie
5002:Białystok
4997:Podlaskie
4992:Podlaskie
4900:Lubelskie
4809:Bydgoszcz
4762:in Polish
4572:Kuyavian-
4542:Podlaskie
4344:bicameral
4338:Poland's
4305:president
4303:, with a
4254:President
4228:network.
4187:wild boar
4167:gray wolf
4047:, one of
3900:Poland's
3778:landforms
3751:Geography
3741:Third Way
3433:communist
3428:Roosevelt
3424:Churchill
3387:High Noon
3281:Auschwitz
3273:Treblinka
3210:Home Army
2851:In 1830,
2806:with the
2614:In 1791,
2434:civil war
2388:John Vasa
2382:, in the
2334:In 1573,
2220:Calvinist
1980:diplomacy
1954:In 1320,
1906:Pomerania
1793:Kołobrzeg
1758:martyrdom
1722:bishopric
1716:with the
1710:Mieszko I
1690:Mieszko I
1620:Sarmatian
1604:antiquity
1577:palisaded
1554:Neolithic
1526:Stone Age
1405:Hungarian
1326:Etymology
1239:with its
1219:dissolved
1132:in 1791.
1080:, in the
992:Lithuania
910:Drives on
855:Time zone
828:very high
738:(nominal)
458:Formation
384:President
294:Religion
26758:Holy See
26707:Slovenia
26702:Slovakia
26682:Portugal
26547:Bulgaria
26464:Congress
26363:Slovenia
26358:Slovakia
26348:Portugal
26246:Bulgaria
26084:Slovenia
26079:Slovakia
26069:Portugal
25974:Bulgaria
25907:Category
25863:TV5Monde
25787:Thailand
25756:Slovenia
25751:Slovakia
25418:Dominica
25413:Djibouti
25373:Cameroon
25368:Cambodia
25353:Bulgaria
25103:Category
25088:Holy See
25038:Scotland
25008:Svalbard
24993:of 1921)
24929:Guernsey
24924:Alderney
24814:Abkhazia
24748:Slovenia
24743:Slovakia
24718:Portugal
24578:Bulgaria
24458:Category
24365:Refugees
24312:Religion
24033:Military
23947:Politics
23857:Military
23852:Economic
23842:Cultural
23835:By topic
23785:Monarchs
23767:Timeline
23570:(2009).
23535:24 April
23509:24 April
23425:"Finals"
23030:12 March
22905:31 March
22681:kiełbasa
22622:BBC News
22198:. CRVP.
22073:40870954
22044:23 April
21695:Archived
21646:14 March
21388:"Poland"
21094:27 March
21017:Archived
20929:(2005).
20911:26 April
20871:Archived
20841:Archived
20811:Archived
20781:Archived
20751:Archived
20695:Archived
20669:Archived
20639:Archived
20568:Archived
20529:Archived
20490:Archived
20451:Archived
20424:13 March
20418:Archived
20392:Archived
20353:Archived
20315:15 March
20306:Archived
20265:Archived
20235:Archived
20160:Archived
20121:Archived
20084:cite web
20074:28 March
20032:Archived
19993:Archived
19991:. 2022.
19919:Archived
19894:24 March
19855:Archived
19829:26 April
19820:Archived
19730:Archived
19702:Archived
19676:Archived
19669:Eurostat
19653:Archived
19629:Archived
19605:Archived
19581:13 March
19575:Archived
19543:Archived
19519:12 March
19513:Archived
19481:Archived
19452:Archived
19346:Archived
19274:Archived
19173:Archived
19148:27 April
19142:Archived
19109:Archived
19080:Archived
19053:6 August
19047:Archived
19014:6 August
19008:Archived
18975:6 August
18969:Archived
18936:6 August
18930:Archived
18891:Archived
18867:6 August
18861:Archived
18581:Archived
18550:Archived
18520:Archived
18496:25 April
18469:Archived
18370:Archived
18344:Archived
18314:Archived
18284:Archived
18251:Archived
18221:Archived
18191:Archived
18161:Archived
18131:Archived
18101:Archived
18070:Archived
18039:Archived
18009:Archived
17979:Archived
17954:Archived
17889:Archived
17850:Archived
17823:24 March
17814:Archived
17784:Archived
17753:Archived
17728:28 April
17719:Archived
17690:Archived
17646:Archived
17607:Archived
17563:Archived
17524:Archived
17485:Archived
17446:Archived
17413:19 March
17407:Archived
17377:Archived
17289:Archived
17233:(1986).
17143:Archived
17104:Archived
17074:Archived
17043:Archived
17001:Archived
16960:Archived
16929:Archived
16894:23 March
16888:Archived
16858:Archived
16822:16 March
16816:Archived
16781:Archived
16737:Archived
16656:Archived
16612:Archived
16573:Archived
16535:Archived
16496:Archived
16267:Archived
16228:Archived
16189:Archived
16150:Archived
16098:: 5–12.
16055:Archived
16024:Archived
15982:Archived
15940:Archived
15905:Archived
15872:Archived
15830:Archived
15778:Archived
15737:41147476
15713:Springer
15552:40869887
15538:: 1–26.
15503:Archived
15474:Archived
15411:Archived
15385:Archived
15358:10 March
15352:Archived
15348:BBC News
15322:Archived
15292:Archived
15262:Archived
15258:BBC News
15238:11 April
15232:Archived
15207:11 April
15201:Archived
15176:26 March
15170:Archived
15133:BBC News
15115:43580712
15048:26 March
15042:Archived
15013:23615759
14944:25779611
14845:Archived
14801:Archived
14623:Archived
14588:Archived
14483:Archived
14438:Archived
14411:Archived
14385:Archived
14223:Archived
14001:45333442
13930:25779809
13849:Archived
13810:Archived
13771:Archived
13732:Archived
13693:Archived
13654:Archived
13615:Archived
13600:Napoleon
13576:Archived
13490:Archived
13387:17 March
13217:(1976).
13193:Archived
13154:Archived
13150:23942204
13117:Archived
13078:Archived
13039:Archived
13000:Archived
12902:Archived
12851:Archived
12812:Archived
12770:Archived
12687:Archived
12648:Archived
12549:Archived
12506:(1991).
12379:"Poland"
12296:Archived
12257:Archived
12218:Archived
12179:Archived
12140:Archived
12101:Archived
12062:Archived
12023:Archived
11923:Archived
11847:Archived
11751:Archived
11688:Archived
11644:Archived
11580:Archived
11523:23342138
11483:PLOS ONE
11466:8 August
11460:Archived
11429:Archived
11411:(2001).
11393:31 March
11387:Archived
11348:Archived
11309:Archived
11239:7 August
11233:Archived
11153:Archived
11114:Archived
11075:Archived
11036:Archived
10953:Archived
10949:35825118
10916:Archived
10874:Archived
10854:(2019).
10830:Archived
10791:Archived
10754:Archived
10715:Archived
10682:19 March
10676:Archived
10652:13 April
10647:Eurostat
10623:16 April
10580:Archived
10550:Archived
10546:BBC News
10520:Archived
10493:Archived
10491:(OECD).
10460:Archived
10434:Archived
10432:. 2023.
10426:"Poland"
10298:Polish:
10173:See also
10047:as first
10016:the 1982
10012:the 1974
9980:handball
9928:Katowice
9912:CI Games
9904:Techland
9893:tabloids
9857:TVP Info
9639:canopies
9629:and the
9606:Reserved
9527:makowiec
9511:coleslaw
9452:kielbasa
9425:rye soup
9389:(2018).
9381:(1980),
9377:(1978),
9262:Marinism
9201:and the
9197:are the
9143:Nostromo
9107:, whose
8971:palazzos
8959:Frombork
8935:Lidzbark
8880:old town
8751:and the
8686:art deco
8605:folklore
8601:European
8264:doughnut
8259:period.
8249:carolers
7926:Silesian
7790:Masovian
7438:magister
7432:inżynier
7415:and the
7257:szpitale
7130:Holy See
7056:Religion
7038:Kashubia
7014:official
6964:170,225
6930:174,016
6926:Silesian
6896:186,894
6862:193,660
6858:Silesian
6837:Szczecin
6828:195,871
6794:198,273
6760:201,601
6756:Masovian
6726:213,107
6722:Silesian
6692:245,222
6637:285,711
6633:Silesian
6628:Katowice
6617:Masovian
6502:. Other
6492:Silesian
6465:Katowice
6196:The new
6113:Szczecin
6082:commuter
6059:highways
5986:and the
5982:, where
5978:and the
5948:Oświęcim
5762:Eurostat
5587:firearms
5444:and the
5398:Military
5294:and its
5270:abortion
5266:homicide
5231:Regional
5227:District
5140:Szczecin
5048:Katowice
5038:Silesian
4986:976,774
4974:Opolskie
4946:Masovian
4923:Lubuskie
4726:Silesian
4557:Masovian
4468:) and a
4315:and the
4183:roe deer
4179:red deer
4169:and the
3930:Śniardwy
3904:are the
3843:and the
3827:and the
3745:The Left
3733:election
3721:election
3658:Smolensk
3468:Cold War
3460:Red Army
3420:betrayal
3277:Majdanek
3255:and the
3147:Normandy
3011:May Coup
2977:Red Army
2936:Marshal
2885:province
2844:American
2465:Osman II
2459:in 1621
2449:Klushino
2445:occupied
2376:Habsburg
2352:campaign
2134:folwarks
2108:(at the
2098:tributes
2049:and the
1984:Ruthenia
1858:paganism
1826:, Czech
1766:Prussian
1696:and the
1656:Lechitic
1616:Germanic
1612:Scythian
1593:Biskupin
1571:and the
1518:Biskupin
1496:Lechites
1429:Lendians
1425:Lechites
1275:and the
1247:and the
1199:Cold War
1010:and the
1008:Slovakia
840:Currency
369:Unitary
26904:Ukraine
26863:Members
26732:Ukraine
26687:Romania
26647:Moldova
26612:Ireland
26607:Iceland
26602:Hungary
26592:Germany
26587:Georgia
26577:Finland
26572:Estonia
26567:Denmark
26552:Croatia
26537:Belgium
26527:Austria
26522:Armenia
26517:Andorra
26512:Albania
26504:Members
26353:Romania
26308:Ireland
26303:Hungary
26293:Germany
26283:Finland
26278:Estonia
26273:Denmark
26251:Croatia
26241:Belgium
26236:Austria
26178:Iceland
26074:Romania
26029:Ireland
26024:Hungary
26014:Germany
26004:Finland
25999:Estonia
25994:Denmark
25979:Croatia
25969:Belgium
25964:Austria
25951:of the
25877:Related
25826:Culture
25771:Uruguay
25766:Ukraine
25741:Ontario
25701:Ireland
25696:Hungary
25691:Georgia
25676:Croatia
25666:Austria
25583:Vietnam
25578:Vanuatu
25573:Tunisia
25553:Senegal
25533:Romania
25518:Morocco
25508:Moldova
25473:Lebanon
25398:Comoros
25363:Burundi
25343:Belgium
25338:Armenia
25333:Andorra
25328:Albania
25321:Members
25313:Members
25197:Germany
25190:Lapland
25180:Finland
25175:Estonia
25170:Denmark
25033:England
24976:Finland
24856:Denmark
24773:Ukraine
24723:Romania
24683:Moldova
24643:Ireland
24638:Iceland
24633:Hungary
24623:Germany
24618:Georgia
24608:Finland
24603:Estonia
24598:Denmark
24583:Croatia
24568:Belgium
24563:Belarus
24553:Austria
24548:Armenia
24543:Andorra
24538:Albania
24449:Outline
24430:Polonia
24395:Symbols
24322:Theatre
24255:Cuisine
24232:Culture
24222:Lawyers
24210:Society
24168:Tourism
24153:Poverty
24138:Exports
24096:Economy
23928:Regions
23898:Islands
23893:Forests
23758:History
22677:pierogi
22665:barszcz
22661:Pieczeń
22645:Barszcz
22597:npr.org
22573:28 July
22286:#Poland
21397:29 July
21313:3032734
21159:30 June
21026:30 June
20726:28 July
20645:24 July
20574:24 July
20535:24 July
20496:24 July
20398:24 July
20241:24 July
20202:6 April
20166:24 July
20127:24 July
20038:24 July
19925:6 March
19864:6 March
19611:6 April
19487:6 March
19458:6 March
19280:6 April
19118:5 March
18587:30 July
18437:17 June
18406:28 July
18005:doba.pl
17895:24 July
17856:28 July
17696:24 July
17652:24 July
17613:24 July
17569:24 July
17530:24 July
17491:24 July
17452:24 July
17383:24 July
17338:2703870
17295:24 July
17149:24 July
17049:24 July
17007:24 July
16966:9 March
16935:24 July
16864:24 July
16787:24 July
16743:24 July
16662:24 July
16618:24 July
16579:24 July
16541:24 July
16502:8 March
16340:pléiade
16273:24 July
16234:24 July
16195:24 July
16156:24 July
16117:3 April
16061:3 April
16030:24 July
15991:3 April
15946:1 April
15914:3 April
15878:24 July
15836:24 July
15791:Insert:
15784:24 July
15717:Bibcode
15711:(2/3).
15534:(1/2).
15483:2 April
15268:20 June
15139:28 July
15033:DW News
14909:6 March
14883:11 July
14851:6 March
14807:6 March
14594:17 July
14368:Source:
14285:, p. 37
14229:24 July
14180:At the
14166:6 March
14132:6 March
14098:6 March
13957:4202361
13855:24 July
13816:24 July
13777:24 July
13738:24 July
13699:24 July
13660:24 July
13621:24 July
13199:24 July
13160:24 July
13123:24 July
13084:24 July
13045:24 July
13006:24 July
12908:24 July
12857:24 July
12818:24 July
12776:24 July
12693:24 July
12654:24 July
12555:24 July
12404:8 April
12302:24 July
12263:24 July
12224:24 July
12185:24 July
12146:24 July
12107:24 July
12068:24 July
12029:24 July
11929:24 July
11853:24 July
11757:24 July
11694:24 July
11650:24 July
11586:24 July
11514:3544712
11491:Bibcode
11435:24 July
11354:24 July
11315:24 July
11159:24 July
11120:24 July
11081:24 July
11042:24 July
10959:24 July
10922:24 July
10880:24 July
10836:24 July
10797:24 July
10787:4307116
10760:24 July
10721:24 July
10347:exclave
10323:
10232:Mazurka
10032:in 1992
10028:in 1976
10022:at the
9936:esports
9763:history
9507:mizeria
9476:oscypek
9468:barszcz
9464:gołąbki
9448:pierogi
9433:pierogi
9421:gołąbki
9393:Cuisine
9332:Solaris
9250:Baroque
9173:phrase
9061:skansen
9010:Baroque
8990:loggias
8955:Wrocław
8947:Gniezno
8943:Kwidzyn
8931:Malbork
8852:Germany
8795:on the
8761:Ujazdów
8757:Zachęta
8688:), and
8676:(Roman
8617:realism
8490:mazurek
8482:Mazurka
8427:sonatas
8280:baskets
8237:opłatek
8220:Wigilia
8123:history
8095:Culture
8082:98.84%
8073:97.10%
8064:96.74%
8061:Poland
8050:99.39%
8041:98.18%
8032:98.27%
8016:99.21%
8007:97.59%
7998:97.13%
7982:99.60%
7973:98.16%
7964:98.83%
7948:95.49%
7939:90.65%
7930:91.99%
7914:98.97%
7905:97.68%
7896:97.42%
7880:98.17%
7871:95.18%
7862:93.94%
7846:95.58%
7837:88.14%
7831:12.52%
7828:81.62%
7812:99.29%
7803:98.61%
7794:96.55%
7778:99.61%
7769:98.86%
7760:98.06%
7744:99.43%
7735:98.26%
7726:97.72%
7710:99.64%
7701:98.66%
7692:98.74%
7676:99.50%
7667:98.22%
7658:98.72%
7642:99.63%
7633:98.73%
7624:98.74%
7608:99.70%
7599:98.82%
7590:98.50%
7574:99.60%
7565:98.96%
7556:99.29%
7540:99.25%
7531:97.87%
7522:98.02%
7265:hygiene
7233:to the
7225:to the
7211:), and
7205:Muslims
7179:in the
7171:in the
7163:of the
7012:is the
7001:Polish-
6955:Olsztyn
6948:294,242
6921:Gliwice
6914:334,681
6880:337,666
6846:396,168
6819:Rzeszów
6812:486,022
6778:546,859
6744:670,642
6710:672,929
6701:Wrocław
6676:800,653
6647:Wrocław
6482:In the
6473:Wrocław
6202:lignite
6022:at the
5992:Pieniny
5940:Malbork
5888:Wrocław
5833:Tourism
5796:indexes
5643:Economy
5575:Policja
5518:Policja
5472:Polish
5361:Frontex
5117:Olsztyn
5071:Rzeszów
5043:Śląskie
4882:Wrocław
4854:Łódzkie
4462:voivode
4439:powiats
4382:of the
4378:is the
4307:as the
4294:unitary
4175:aurochs
4003:Siberia
3987:Suwałki
3971:oceanic
3944:Climate
3922:Masuria
3906:Vistula
3878:in the
3856:Sudetes
3594:into a
3245:ghettos
3239:Map of
3151:Italian
3137:in the
3065:in 1939
3023:Healing
3019:Sanacja
3000:Zachęta
2979:at the
2901:pogroms
2788:Leipzig
2727:in the
2680:), the
2427:invaded
2417:at the
2400:deposed
2354:in the
2317:Eastern
2263:cuisine
2197:in 1596
2102:Bohemia
2084:, king
2012:Jadwiga
2004:Croatia
2000:Hungary
1898:Masovia
1894:Silesia
1828:Moravia
1824:Lusatia
1801:regalia
1797:Wrocław
1738:Gniezno
1732:titled
1730:incipit
1558:Kuyavia
1459:History
1449:Polonia
1413:Persian
1392:Polonia
1376:*pleh₂-
1267:in the
1234:unitary
1176:and the
1173:Germany
1163:of the
1088:tribal
1048:Wrocław
1016:Germany
1004:Ukraine
1000:Belarus
984:Sudetes
831: (
586:•
571:•
556:•
541:•
526:•
513:•
498:•
485:•
469:•
443:•
428:•
399:•
382:•
221:21°02′E
218:52°13′N
202:Capital
96:Anthem:
26984:Poland
26965:52; 20
26901:
26891:Poland
26888:
26875:
26773:Mexico
26763:Israel
26753:Canada
26727:Turkey
26717:Sweden
26697:Serbia
26677:Poland
26672:Norway
26652:Monaco
26622:Latvia
26597:Greece
26582:France
26557:Cyprus
26392:, and
26373:Sweden
26343:Poland
26318:Latvia
26298:Greece
26288:France
26263:Cyprus
26202:Norway
26094:Sweden
26064:Poland
26039:Latvia
26019:Greece
26009:France
25984:Cyprus
25746:Poland
25726:Mexico
25711:Latvia
25706:Kosovo
25640:Serbia
25635:Cyprus
25625:Gambia
25609:Quebec
25538:Rwanda
25513:Monaco
25448:Guinea
25443:Greece
25433:France
25378:Canada
25263:Sweden
25246:Russia
25224:Poland
25214:Latvia
25001:Norway
24819:Kosovo
24768:Turkey
24758:Sweden
24738:Serbia
24728:Russia
24713:Poland
24708:Norway
24688:Monaco
24658:Latvia
24628:Greece
24613:France
24588:Cyprus
24522:Europe
24463:Portal
24403:Anthem
24250:Cinema
24193:Złoty
24148:Mining
24133:Energy
24021:Police
23933:Rivers
23862:Postal
23749:Poland
23709:Poland
23688:Curlie
23684:Poland
23636:Poland
23602:, and
23588:
23455:
23291:
23256:
23203:
23173:
23146:
23114:
23068:
23058:
22983:24 May
22957:24 May
22931:24 May
22896:
22871:10 May
22776:
22749:
22696:
22657:Pirogi
22527:
22452:
22427:24 May
22418:
22393:24 May
22384:
22339:
22316:24 May
22291:24 May
22266:24 May
22202:
22175:
22148:
22123:
22096:
22071:
22014:
21987:
21960:
21933:
21926:Poland
21906:
21879:
21854:
21827:
21800:
21739:
21671:
21664:Poland
21618:
21593:13 May
21555:
21497:
21371:7 July
21341:7 July
21311:
21254:
20955:
20945:
20902:
20631:
20560:
20521:
20482:
20384:
20347:
20300:
20227:
20152:
20113:
20024:
19812:
19804:]
19780:
19772:
19708:14 May
19411:
19338:
19303:
19234:
19207:
19179:24 May
19086:24 May
19039:
19000:
18961:
18922:
18837:3 July
18766:
18739:
18733:Poland
18714:
18677:8 July
18615:
17881:
17682:
17638:
17599:
17555:
17516:
17477:
17438:
17369:
17344:
17336:
17281:
17247:
17213:
17180:
17135:
17035:
16993:
16921:
16850:
16773:
16729:
16699:
16689:
16648:
16604:
16565:
16527:
16259:
16220:
16181:
16142:
16016:
15974:
15864:
15822:
15770:
15764:Poland
15743:
15735:
15623:
15598:
15573:
15550:
15468:
15460:
15166:Warsaw
15113:
15086:
15011:
14942:
14751:
14706:
14676:
14526:
14514:]
14462:Quote:
14360:Quote:
14340:
14315:
14281:
14257:
14215:
14157:
14123:
14089:
14062:
14022:
13999:
13955:
13928:
13899:
13841:
13802:
13763:
13724:
13685:
13646:
13607:
13549:
13519:
13378:
13354:
13185:
13148:
13109:
13070:
13031:
12994:
12969:2 July
12960:
12933:
12894:
12843:
12804:
12762:
12735:
12679:
12640:
12610:
12581:
12541:
12514:
12459:
12432:
12395:
12360:
12333:
12288:
12249:
12210:
12171:
12132:
12093:
12054:
12015:
11988:
11954:
11915:
11878:
11841:
11814:
11780:
11743:
11717:
11680:
11636:
11609:
11572:
11521:
11511:
11421:
11379:
11340:
11301:
11274:
11227:
11219:
11182:
11145:
11106:
11067:
11028:
11001:
10947:
10908:
10866:
10822:
10785:
10746:
10707:
10303:Polska
10275:Polska
10271:Polish
10157:(e.g.
9942:Sports
9861:TVN 24
9853:Polsat
9759:themes
9734:, the
9682:awards
9666:, the
9645:Cinema
9523:sernik
9495:kluski
9484:Bagels
9439:, and
9329:novel
9327:sci-fi
9264:) and
9205:, and
9171:Polish
9146:(1904)
9038:dworek
9025:timber
9006:Zamość
9002:Lublin
8998:Poznań
8987:arcade
8979:attics
8965:. The
8963:Kraków
8951:Gdańsk
8831:style.
8825:Poznań
8801:Kraków
8763:, and
8486:Polish
8289:dyngus
8229:manger
8147:UNESCO
8088:0.03%
8085:1.13%
8079:1.35%
8076:1.55%
8070:2.03%
8067:1.23%
8056:0.03%
8053:0.58%
8047:1.46%
8044:0.36%
8038:1.27%
8035:0.46%
8022:0.03%
8019:0.76%
8013:1.51%
8010:0.90%
8004:1.60%
8001:1.28%
7988:0.04%
7985:0.36%
7979:1.63%
7976:0.21%
7970:0.91%
7967:0.26%
7954:0.03%
7951:4.48%
7945:1.57%
7942:7.78%
7936:4.08%
7933:3.93%
7920:0.02%
7917:1.01%
7911:1.37%
7908:0.95%
7902:2.00%
7899:0.58%
7886:0.04%
7883:1.79%
7877:1.93%
7874:2.89%
7868:1.49%
7865:4.57%
7852:0.09%
7849:4.33%
7843:2.14%
7840:9.72%
7834:5.86%
7818:0.03%
7815:0.68%
7809:1.02%
7806:0.37%
7800:3.19%
7797:0.26%
7784:0.02%
7781:0.37%
7775:0.98%
7772:0.16%
7766:1.78%
7763:0.15%
7750:0.03%
7747:0.54%
7741:1.43%
7738:0.31%
7732:1.95%
7729:0.33%
7722:Lubusz
7716:0.03%
7713:0.33%
7707:1.20%
7704:0.14%
7698:1.12%
7695:0.13%
7688:Lublin
7682:0.03%
7679:0.47%
7673:1.54%
7670:0.24%
7664:1.02%
7661:0.26%
7648:0.03%
7645:0.34%
7639:1.15%
7636:0.12%
7630:1.13%
7627:0.13%
7614:0.03%
7611:0.27%
7605:1.10%
7602:0.08%
7596:1.41%
7593:0.09%
7580:0.02%
7577:0.38%
7571:0.91%
7568:0.13%
7562:0.58%
7559:0.13%
7546:0.03%
7543:0.72%
7537:1.75%
7534:0.38%
7528:1.56%
7525:0.42%
7444:doktor
7407:, the
7393:matura
7373:liceum
7344:Kraków
7329:Kraków
7241:Health
7209:Tatars
7010:Polish
6984:, and
6910:Lublin
6905:Lublin
6887:Kielce
6803:Gdańsk
6769:Poznań
6683:Gdynia
6667:Kraków
6612:Warsaw
6604:Kraków
6594:Warsaw
6534:
6531:
6500:German
6488:Polish
6477:Kraków
6459:. The
6453:Warsaw
6402:, and
6334:(with
6330:) and
6314:(with
6163:Energy
6129:Elbląg
6125:Gdańsk
6121:Gdynia
6109:Police
5974:, the
5912:Zamość
5904:Lublin
5900:Poznań
5896:Gdańsk
5884:Warsaw
5880:Kraków
5735:(2022)
5722:(2023)
5711:(2022)
5698:(2022)
5696:14.4%
5684:(2022)
5673:(2024)
5662:(2024)
5569:– the
5556:floods
5532:, and
5440:, the
5436:, the
5432:, the
5388:allies
5357:Warsaw
5338:Warsaw
5241:. The
5208:strike
5144:22,905
5121:24,173
5098:11,710
5094:Kielce
5075:17,846
5052:12,333
5029:18,323
5025:Gdańsk
5006:20,187
4960:35,559
4956:Warsaw
4937:13,988
4918:Lubusz
4909:25,123
4905:Lublin
4895:Lublin
4886:19,947
4863:18,219
4840:15,183
4836:Kraków
4817:17,971
4811:&
4790:29,826
4786:Poznań
4681:Poland
4679:Lesser
4664:Lublin
4604:Lubusz
4466:sejmik
4454:powiat
4445:gminas
4352:Senate
4299:and a
4208:– are
4185:, and
4165:, the
4161:, the
4139:wisent
4114:, and
4112:spruce
4102:, and
4053:UNESCO
4045:wisent
3912:, the
3908:, the
3854:; the
3845:Usedom
3743:, and
3410:, the
3374:, and
3344:Stalin
3302:Ochota
3195:Berlin
3191:Warsaw
3045:, and
2950:Allies
2948:, the
2923:, and
2840:Polish
2802:, and
2658:, and
2626:. The
2507:. The
2457:Khotyn
2430:Russia
2394:. The
2392:Sweden
2366:, the
2285:, and
2195:Warsaw
2187:Kraków
2153:. The
2151:Senate
2125:feudal
2118:Russia
2041:, the
2002:, and
1962:since
1937:battle
1918:Baltic
1795:, and
1789:Kraków
1726:Poznań
1678:, and
1652:Polans
1648:Slavic
1638:. The
1628:Slavic
1624:Baltic
1608:Celtic
1498:, and
1445:Lechia
1417:exonym
1415:. The
1411:, and
1400:Lechia
1386:, the
1348:Polans
1343:Polska
1338:Polish
1297:UNESCO
1249:Senate
1213:, the
1201:, the
1124:and a
1090:Polans
1060:Gdańsk
1058:, and
1056:Poznań
1044:Kraków
1040:Warsaw
996:Russia
968:Poland
815:(2022)
813:
790:(2022)
788:
736:
680:
436:Senate
352:Polish
309:71.3%
296:(2021)
271:Polish
269:98.8%
262:(2021)
252:Polish
209:Warsaw
192:Legend
182:Europe
98:
52:Polish
48:
26768:Japan
26712:Spain
26642:Malta
26617:Italy
26368:Spain
26333:Malta
26313:Italy
26089:Spain
26054:Malta
26034:Italy
25858:AFFOI
25630:Ghana
25528:Qatar
25523:Niger
25458:Haiti
25438:Gabon
25423:Egypt
25348:Benin
25185:Åland
25043:Wales
24983:Åland
24753:Spain
24678:Malta
24648:Italy
24370:Crime
24355:Poles
24317:Sport
24292:Names
24287:Music
24282:Media
23903:Lakes
23576:[
23285:(PDF)
22724:6 May
22673:bigos
22669:rosół
22653:Zrazy
22649:Bigos
22069:JSTOR
21775:4 May
21587:(PDF)
21576:(PDF)
21309:JSTOR
21295:(4).
21224:GUS.
21153:(PDF)
21020:(PDF)
21009:(PDF)
20600:(PDF)
20593:(PDF)
20309:(PDF)
20290:(PDF)
20196:(PDF)
20185:(PDF)
19858:(PDF)
19851:(PDF)
19823:(PDF)
19806:(PDF)
19800:[
19778:S2CID
19409:S2CID
19248:3 May
19112:(PDF)
19105:(PDF)
18801:(PDF)
18790:(PDF)
18663:(PDF)
18490:(PDF)
17817:(PDF)
17810:(PDF)
17722:(PDF)
17715:(PDF)
17342:S2CID
17334:JSTOR
17320:(2).
17239:[
16812:TERYT
16460:(PDF)
16449:(PDF)
16402:(PDF)
16373:(PDF)
16362:(PDF)
16321:(PDF)
16111:(PDF)
16088:(PDF)
15985:(PDF)
15968:(PDF)
15908:(PDF)
15901:(PDF)
15741:S2CID
15733:JSTOR
15548:JSTOR
15477:(PDF)
15450:(PDF)
15111:JSTOR
15084:S2CID
15009:JSTOR
15003:(3).
14940:JSTOR
14934:(2).
14768:3 May
14762:(PDF)
14745:(PDF)
14723:3 May
14717:(PDF)
14700:(PDF)
14537:(PDF)
14516:(PDF)
14510:[
13997:JSTOR
13953:JSTOR
13926:JSTOR
13221:[
11225:S2CID
10514:GUS.
10345:, an
10227:"the
10215:Notes
9805:Media
9767:drama
9637:with
9550:vodka
9499:soups
9472:żurek
9456:bigos
9429:żurek
9413:bigos
9282:novel
9252:era,
9211:print
9191:prose
9167:Latin
9052:mills
8981:with
8939:Gniew
8872:rynek
8848:Italy
8765:MOCAK
8297:Music
8253:Turoń
8225:Trees
7824:Opole
7081:Pope.
6785:Toruń
6751:Radom
6567:Rank
6564:Pop.
6551:Rank
5908:Toruń
5793:WIG30
5789:WIG20
5720:2.8%
5682:5.3%
5478:SIPRI
5416:F-16s
5365:ODIHR
4983:9,412
4979:Opole
4969:Opole
4930:&
4813:Toruń
4770:2021
4649:Opole
4450:gmina
4131:fauna
4127:flora
4104:beech
4100:maple
4023:sleet
3997:from
3934:Mamry
3914:Warta
3833:Wolin
3821:spits
3656:near
3452:Wilno
3333:Kresy
3306:Kresy
2696:) in
2694:green
2686:brown
2509:Saxon
2409:King
2390:, in
2006:in a
1850:Great
1783:from
1728:. An
1581:gords
1439:word
1390:form
1388:Latin
1374:word
1366:noun
1227:first
914:right
844:Złoty
607:Area
331:other
329:0.1%
323:6.9%
194:]
26951:20°E
26948:52°N
26118:and
25568:Togo
25493:Mali
25468:Laos
25393:Chad
24934:Sark
24418:list
24413:Flag
24260:Wine
24070:List
24058:List
23999:LGBT
23616:2013
23586:ISBN
23537:2023
23511:2023
23485:2010
23453:ISBN
23432:2018
23411:2017
23390:2024
23369:2010
23347:2010
23321:2010
23289:ISBN
23254:ISBN
23234:2021
23201:ISBN
23171:ISBN
23144:ISBN
23112:ISBN
23066:OCLC
23056:ISBN
23032:2022
22985:2017
22959:2017
22933:2017
22907:2019
22894:ISBN
22873:2023
22824:2014
22774:ISBN
22747:ISBN
22726:2023
22694:ISBN
22604:2010
22575:2011
22525:ISBN
22506:2016
22481:2016
22450:ISBN
22429:2017
22416:ISBN
22395:2017
22382:ISBN
22337:ISBN
22318:2017
22293:2017
22268:2017
22233:2006
22200:ISBN
22173:ISBN
22146:ISBN
22121:OCLC
22094:ISBN
22046:2009
22012:ISBN
21985:ISBN
21958:ISBN
21931:ISBN
21904:ISBN
21877:ISBN
21852:ISBN
21825:ISBN
21798:ISBN
21777:2021
21750:2017
21737:ISBN
21669:ISBN
21648:2024
21616:ISBN
21595:2009
21553:ISBN
21495:ISBN
21399:2021
21373:2020
21343:2020
21252:ISBN
21238:2024
21211:2024
21186:2024
21161:2022
21136:2010
21096:2019
21028:2022
20987:2020
20953:OCLC
20943:ISBN
20913:2012
20900:ISBN
20879:2020
20849:2020
20819:2020
20789:2020
20759:2020
20728:2011
20703:2020
20677:2020
20647:2023
20629:ISBN
20608:2008
20576:2023
20558:ISBN
20537:2023
20519:ISBN
20498:2023
20480:ISBN
20459:2023
20426:2022
20400:2023
20382:ISBN
20361:2023
20345:ISSN
20317:2022
20298:ISSN
20273:2020
20243:2023
20225:ISBN
20204:2020
20168:2023
20150:ISBN
20129:2023
20111:ISBN
20090:link
20076:2024
20062:2021
20040:2023
20022:ISBN
20001:2022
19971:2022
19927:2022
19896:2019
19866:2022
19831:2018
19810:ISBN
19770:ISSN
19710:2021
19613:2022
19583:2022
19551:2023
19521:2022
19489:2022
19460:2022
19431:link
19374:help
19354:2023
19336:ISBN
19301:ISBN
19282:2018
19250:2018
19232:ISBN
19205:ISBN
19181:2022
19150:2022
19120:2022
19088:2022
19055:2023
19037:ISBN
19016:2023
18998:ISBN
18977:2023
18959:ISBN
18938:2023
18920:ISBN
18899:2023
18869:2023
18839:2020
18809:2009
18764:ISBN
18737:ISBN
18712:ISBN
18693:link
18679:2024
18646:2013
18613:ISBN
18589:2019
18558:2021
18528:2020
18498:2011
18439:2017
18408:2011
18378:2023
18352:2021
18322:2020
18292:2023
18259:2020
18229:2020
18199:2020
18169:2021
18139:2020
18109:2020
18078:2020
18047:2020
18017:2020
17987:2020
17962:2020
17931:2020
17897:2023
17879:ISBN
17858:2011
17825:2022
17792:2022
17761:2022
17730:2021
17698:2023
17680:ISBN
17654:2023
17636:ISBN
17615:2023
17597:ISBN
17571:2023
17553:ISBN
17532:2023
17514:ISBN
17493:2023
17475:ISBN
17454:2023
17436:ISBN
17415:2022
17385:2023
17367:ISBN
17297:2023
17279:ISBN
17258:2014
17245:ISBN
17211:ISBN
17178:ISBN
17151:2023
17133:ISBN
17112:2020
17082:2020
17051:2023
17033:ISBN
17009:2023
16991:ISBN
16968:2022
16937:2023
16919:ISBN
16896:2022
16866:2023
16848:ISBN
16824:2022
16789:2023
16771:ISBN
16745:2023
16727:ISBN
16697:OCLC
16687:ISBN
16664:2023
16646:ISBN
16620:2023
16602:ISBN
16581:2023
16563:ISBN
16543:2023
16525:ISBN
16504:2022
16468:2017
16427:2017
16381:2017
16333:2017
16300:2021
16275:2023
16257:ISBN
16236:2023
16218:ISBN
16197:2023
16179:ISBN
16158:2023
16140:ISBN
16119:2022
16063:2022
16032:2023
16014:ISBN
15993:2022
15972:ISBN
15948:2021
15916:2022
15880:2023
15862:ISBN
15838:2023
15820:ISBN
15786:2023
15768:ISBN
15688:2021
15657:2020
15621:ISBN
15596:ISBN
15571:ISBN
15511:2020
15485:2022
15466:OCLC
15458:ISSN
15419:2023
15393:2023
15360:2021
15330:2020
15300:2020
15270:2018
15240:2021
15209:2021
15178:2022
15141:2011
15050:2022
14911:2022
14885:2005
14853:2022
14809:2022
14770:2018
14749:ISBN
14725:2018
14704:ISBN
14674:ISBN
14596:2016
14545:2020
14524:ISBN
14491:2020
14446:2020
14419:2020
14393:2019
14370:IPN.
14338:ISBN
14313:ISBN
14279:ISBN
14255:ISBN
14231:2023
14213:ISBN
14168:2011
14155:ISBN
14134:2011
14121:ISBN
14100:2011
14087:ISBN
14060:ISBN
14020:ISBN
13897:ISBN
13857:2023
13839:ISBN
13818:2023
13800:ISBN
13779:2023
13761:ISBN
13740:2023
13722:ISBN
13701:2023
13683:ISBN
13662:2023
13644:ISBN
13623:2023
13605:ISBN
13584:2014
13547:ISBN
13517:ISBN
13498:2022
13426:2021
13389:2013
13376:ISBN
13352:ISBN
13201:2023
13183:ISBN
13162:2023
13146:OCLC
13125:2023
13107:ISBN
13086:2023
13068:ISBN
13047:2023
13029:ISBN
13008:2023
12992:OCLC
12971:2012
12958:ISBN
12931:ISBN
12910:2023
12892:ISBN
12859:2023
12841:ISBN
12820:2023
12802:ISBN
12778:2023
12760:ISBN
12733:ISBN
12695:2023
12677:ISBN
12656:2023
12638:ISBN
12608:ISBN
12579:ISBN
12557:2023
12539:ISBN
12512:ISBN
12457:ISBN
12430:ISBN
12406:2013
12393:ISBN
12358:ISBN
12331:ISBN
12304:2023
12286:ISBN
12265:2023
12247:ISBN
12226:2023
12208:ISBN
12187:2023
12169:ISBN
12148:2023
12130:ISBN
12109:2023
12091:ISBN
12070:2023
12052:ISBN
12031:2023
12013:ISBN
11986:ISBN
11965:2014
11952:ISBN
11931:2023
11913:ISBN
11889:2014
11876:ISBN
11855:2023
11839:OCLC
11812:ISBN
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