2079:
homosexuality, contraception, and any sexual behavior not linked to reproduction" in their adherents for centuries) as life expectancy rose and infant mortality dropped. They also argue that the idea that religion was necessary to prevent a collapse of social cohesion and public morality was belied by lower levels of corruption and murder in less religious countries. They argue that both of these trends are based on the theory that as societies develop, survival becomes more secure: starvation, once pervasive, becomes uncommon; life expectancy increases; murder and other forms of violence diminish. As this level of security rises, there is less social/economic need for the high birthrates that religion encourages and less emotional need for the comfort of religious belief. Change in acceptance of "divorce, abortion, and homosexuality" has been measured by the World Values Survey and shown to have grown throughout the world outside of Muslim-majority countries.
528:
2075:
occurred in most former communist and developing countries, but also in some high-income countries. A sharp reversal of the global trend occurred from 2007 to 2019, when 43 out of 49 countries studied became less religious. This reversal appeared across most of the world. The United States was a dramatic example of declining religiosity – with the mean rating of importance of religion dropping from 8.2 to 4.6 – while India was a major exception. Research in 1989 recorded disparities in religious adherence for different faith groups, with people from
Christian and tribal traditions leaving religion at a greater rate than those from Muslim, Hindu, or Buddhist faiths.
638:
unaffiliated adults, 30% of French unaffiliated adults and 68% of unaffiliated U.S. adults." Being unaffiliated with a religion on polls does not automatically mean objectively nonreligious since there are, for example, unaffiliated people who fall under religious measures, just as some unbelievers may still attend a church or other place of worship. Out of the global nonreligious population, 76% reside in Asia and the
Pacific, while the remainder reside in Europe (12%), North America (5%), Latin America and the Caribbean (4%), sub-Saharan Africa (2%) and the Middle East and North Africa (less than 1%).
682:
626:'s global studies on atheism have indicated that global atheism may be in decline due to irreligious countries having the lowest birth rates in the world and religious countries having higher birth rates in general. Since religion and fertility are positively related and vice versa, non-religious identity is expected to decline as a proportion of the global population throughout the 21st century. By 2060, according to projections, the number of unaffiliated will increase by over 35 million, but the percentage will decrease to 13% because the total population will grow faster.
491:"protects theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any religion or belief." The committee further stated that "the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief necessarily entails the freedom to choose a religion or belief, including the right to replace one's current religion or belief with another or to adopt atheistic views." Signatories to the convention are barred from "the use of threat of physical force or penal sanctions to compel believers or non-believers" to recant their beliefs or convert.
1098:
1483:
1627:
1026:
978:
1122:
1074:
856:
954:
634:
report, based on a poll in 2015, found that 63% of the globe identified as a religious person, 22% as not a religious person, and 11% as "convinced atheists". Their 2017 report found that 62% of the globe identified as a religious person, 25% as not a religious person, and 9% as "convinced atheists". However, some researchers have advised caution with the WIN/Gallup
International figures since other surveys have consistently reached lower figures for the number of atheists worldwide.
929:
2004:. He suggested this difficulty in definition was partially due to the dilemma of defining religious activity beyond membership, attendance, or other identification with a formal religious group. During the 1970s, social scientists still tended to describe irreligion from a perspective that considered religion as normative for humans. Irreligion was described in terms of hostility, reactivity, or indifference toward religion, and or as developing from radical theologies.
1531:
1194:
880:
9372:
1819:
1363:
1699:
1651:
1387:
1050:
3946:
9382:
1891:
1579:
1243:
1747:
1675:
1435:
1915:
1843:
1771:
1315:
1219:
905:
1867:
1795:
1603:
1411:
1267:
756:
1723:
1507:
1291:
1459:
1339:
2018:
806:
1555:
1146:
1939:
831:
781:
1170:
1002:
731:
707:
3934:
645:" is sometimes used in the U.S. to refer to those who are unaffiliated with any organized religion. This use derives from surveys of religious affiliation, in which "None" (or "None of the above") is typically the last choice. Since this status refers to lack of organizational affiliation rather than lack of personal belief, it is a more specific concept than irreligion. A 2015
2643:
660:
The
Zuckerman data on the table below only reflect the number of people who have an absence of belief in a deity only (atheists, agnostics). These do not include the broader number of people who do not identify with a particular religion, such as deists, pantheists, and spiritual but not religious
633:
report on a poll from 57 countries reported that 59% of the world's population identified as a religious person, 23% as not a religious person, 13% as "convinced atheists", and also a 9% decrease in identification as "religious" when compared to the 2005 average from 39 countries. Their follow-up
1983:
argue faith is "more emotional than cognitive", and advance an alternative thesis termed "existential security." They postulate that rather than knowledge or ignorance of scientific learning, it is the weakness or vulnerability of a society that determines religiosity. They claim that increased
2074:
In a study of religious trends in 49 countries from 1981 to 2019, Inglehart and Norris found an overall increase in religiosity from 1981 to 2007. Respondents in 33 of 49 countries rated themselves higher on a scale from one to ten when asked how important God was in their lives. This increase
637:
Being nonreligious is not necessarily equivalent to being an atheist or agnostic. Pew
Research Center's global study from 2012 noted that many of the nonreligious actually have some religious beliefs. For example, they observed that "belief in God or a higher power is shared by 7% of Chinese
2078:
Inglehart and Norris speculate that the decline in religiosity comes from a decline in the social need for traditional gender and sexual norms, ("virtually all world religions instilled" pro-fertility norms such as "producing as many children as possible and discouraged divorce, abortion,
1984:
poverty and chaos make religious values more important to a society, while wealth and security diminish its role. As need for religious support diminishes, there is less willingness to "accept its constraints, including keeping women in the kitchen and gay people in the closet".
509:(as adopted in 1982), which states that "No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion." Article 46 of China's
2633:
621:
A Pew 2015 global projection study for religion and nonreligion, projects that between 2010 and 2050, there will be some initial increases of the unaffiliated followed by a decline by 2050 due to lower global fertility rates among this demographic. Sociologist
234:= worship) is the recognition of the existence of one or more gods, but with a deliberate lack of worship of any deity. Typically, it includes the belief that religious rituals have no supernatural significance, and that gods ignore all prayers and worship.
84:
The population of the religiously unaffiliated, sometimes referred to as "nones", has grown significantly in recent years. Measurement of irreligiosity requires great cultural sensitivity, especially outside the West, where the concepts of "religion" or
369:
is a branch of moral philosophy in which ethics is based solely on human faculties such as logic, empathy, reason or moral intuition, and not derived from belief in supernatural revelation or guidance—a source of ethics in many
2568:"The Evolution of Religious Liberty as a Universal Human Right: Examining the Role of the 1981 United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief"
89:" are not always rooted in local culture. Those who do not affiliate with a religion are diverse. Pew Research Center's global study from 2012 noted that many of the nonreligious overlap with some religious measures.
2887:
545:. Also, though Scandinavian countries have among the highest measures of nonreligiosity and even atheism in Europe, 47% of atheists who live in those countries are still formally members of the national churches.
445:
for people who reject traditional or organized religion but have strong metaphysical beliefs. The SBNR may be included under the definition of nonreligion, but are sometimes classified as a wholly distinct
169:
defines it as "the quality or state of being irreligious", and defines "irreligious" as "neglectful of religion: lacking religious emotions, doctrines, or practices".
1979:
predicted that the spread of scientific knowledge would dispel religion throughout the world", but religion continued to prosper in most places during the 19th and 20th centuries. Inglehart and
3216:
2512:
657:
The Pew
Research Centre in the table below reflects "religiously unaffiliated" which "include atheists, agnostics, and people who do not identify with any particular religion in surveys".
629:
According to Pew
Research Center's 2012 global study of 230 countries and territories, 16% of the world's population is not affiliated with a religion, while 84% are affiliated. A 2012
541:
Although 11 countries listed below have nonreligious majorities, it does not necessary correlate with non-identification. For example, 58% of the
Swedish population identify with the
2848:
Ellis, Lee; Hoskin, Anthony W.; Dutton, Edward; Nyborg, Helmuth (8 March 2017). "The Future of
Secularism: a Biologically Informed Theory Supplemented with Cross-Cultural Evidence".
2939:
2260:
1992:
Rates of people identifying as non-religious began rising in most societies as least as early as the turn of the 20th century. In 1968, sociologist Glenn M. Vernon wrote that
2883:
2312:
262:
is the lack of belief that any deities exist or, in a narrower sense, positive atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities. There are ranges from
70:. These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding a diverse array of specific beliefs about religion or its role in their lives.
327:
holds that positions regarding truth should be formed on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism, rather than authority, tradition, revelation, or other dogma.
3061:
2910:"The Changing Global Religious Landscape: Babies Born to Muslims will Begin to Outnumber Christian Births by 2035; People with No Religion Face a Birth Dearth"
510:
430:
is overwhelmingly used to describe a political conviction in favour of minimizing religion in the public sphere, that may be advocated regardless of personal
2376:
4214:
2337:
Johnson, Todd; Zurlo, Gina (2016). "Unaffiliated, Yet
Religious: A Methodological and Demographic Analysis". In Cipriani, Roberto; Garelli, Franco (eds.).
488:
3694:
3169:
3083:
190:. Agnostic atheists are atheistic because they do not hold a belief in the existence of any deity and agnostic because they claim that the existence of a
3105:
2917:
5792:
3192:
513:
was even more explicit, stating that "Citizens enjoy freedom to believe in religion and freedom not to believe in religion and to propagate atheism."
5883:
506:
8325:
2520:
8174:
4340:
2793:
2197:
9231:
3602:
2673:
2703:
9183:
6531:
3027:
Keysar, Ariela; Navarro-Rivera, Juhem (2017). "36. A World of Atheism: Global Demographics". In Bullivant, Stephen; Ruse, Michael (eds.).
50:
beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including
2946:
2567:
8219:
8146:
5317:
4418:
538:
In 2020, the World Religion Database estimated that the countries with the highest percentage of atheists were North Korea and Sweden.
219:
81:
report on a poll from 57 countries reported that 25% said they were not a religious person, and 9% responded as "convinced atheists".
8019:
4396:
614:
share the worldviews of nonreligious people though affiliated with a Jewish denomination, and in Russia, growing identification with
8470:
2252:
8310:
8184:
8169:
2995:
2971:
2219:
77:'s 2012 global study of 230 countries and territories, 16% of the world's population does not identify with any religion. A 2017
2000:. He contrasted the label with the term "independent" for political affiliation, which still includes people who participate in
2367:
2028:
6109:
3428:
Dillon, Michele (2015). "Christian Affiliation and Disaffiliation in the United States: Generational and Cultural Change". In
2603:
8330:
3882:
3848:
3818:
3784:
3746:
3722:
3680:
3639:
3569:
3542:
3523:
3488:
3457:
3418:
3399:
564:
concepts of "religious" and "secular" are not rooted in local civilization. Many East Asians identify as "without religion" (
414:
is obsolete, that God belongs to a stage of human development now past. Within nontheism, post-theism can be contrasted with
8795:
5787:
3978:
2300:
498:, and it is largely implied in respective legal systems that those who do not believe or observe any religion are allowed
357:
is the idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the universe.
8913:
8194:
7790:
2167:
3552:
Iversen, Hans Raun (2013). "Secularization, Secularity, Secularism". In Runehov, Anne L. C.; Oviedo, Lluis (eds.).
9123:
8853:
8735:
8189:
6769:
4681:
3036:
2832:
2764:
2372:
649:
concluded that in the U.S. "nones" were the only "religious" group that was growing as a percentage of the population.
9173:
7994:
5202:
3588:
3285:
2541:
2411:
2346:
2108:
2061:
3053:
2733:
527:
9226:
6779:
4315:
4288:
9188:
9083:
8209:
8204:
8160:
7785:
6629:
5851:
4836:
4354:
4110:
2362:
522:
363:
is the positions of some atheist academics, writers, scientists, and philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
163:
defines it as want of religion; hostility to or disregard of religious principles; irreligious conduct; and the
9043:
8868:
8141:
7155:
7096:
6983:
6862:
6794:
5180:
4818:
4737:
4305:
4063:
3650:
3161:
3075:
2909:
7275:
7150:
3097:
9193:
8608:
8345:
8004:
7853:
7775:
7197:
6239:
5750:
4389:
4300:
4120:
4115:
263:
3301:
Duke, James T.; Johnson, Barry L. (1989). "The Stages of Religious Transformation: A Study of 200 Nations".
9251:
9053:
6261:
4969:
4249:
4198:
3756:
3732:
3303:
7285:
3776:
3764:
3600:
Secular or nonreligious? Investigating and interpreting generic 'not religious' categories and populations
276:. The term has had a range of applications. It typically refers to direct opposition to the belief in any
9261:
8973:
8968:
8740:
7258:
7219:
6774:
6688:
6256:
5920:
4586:
3912:
3372:
602:, those who claim to be "not religious" mostly imply not strictly observing Islam, and in Israel, being "
438:
386:
in which secularist principles and values, and sometimes non-religious ethics, are especially emphasised.
157:
in general or any of its more specific organized forms, as distinct from absence of religion"; while the
7290:
7280:
8034:
7979:
7675:
6415:
5910:
4581:
4523:
3924:
3434:
Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society
2789:
2193:
449:
165:
6003:
9286:
9075:
8933:
8385:
7268:
7047:
6678:
6308:
5831:
4963:
4715:
4552:
4507:
4188:
2442:
159:
7386:
3599:
3131:
8790:
8750:
8705:
8495:
8485:
8290:
8039:
7864:
7800:
7770:
7660:
7425:
7334:
7302:
7263:
7175:
6072:
5297:
5233:
4703:
4688:
4382:
4359:
4335:
4263:
3971:
2043:
348:
5740:
3840:
2824:
2665:
9241:
9178:
9128:
9088:
9033:
8668:
8663:
8553:
8500:
8390:
8320:
8116:
7922:
7837:
7042:
7020:
6819:
6641:
6166:
5782:
5709:
5393:
4764:
4564:
4473:
4330:
4320:
4221:
4080:
2695:
2447:
2163:
434:. Yet it is sometimes, especially in the United States, also a synonym for naturalism or atheism.
354:
9108:
9003:
8963:
8943:
8800:
8775:
8680:
8653:
8603:
8573:
8563:
8480:
8445:
8430:
8415:
8370:
8305:
7974:
7905:
7810:
7805:
7546:
7469:
7231:
7113:
7037:
6834:
6824:
6683:
6651:
6589:
6560:
6067:
6062:
5846:
5727:
5687:
5472:
4813:
4808:
4788:
4784:
2281:
Zuckerman, Phil; Galen, Luke W.; Pasquale, Frank L. (2016). "Secularity Around the World". In:
3631:
3618:
Mullins, Mark R. (2011). "Religion in Contemporary Japanese Lives". In Lyon Bestor, Victoria;
2399:
618:
is mainly motivated by cultural and nationalist considerations, without much concrete belief.
9349:
9294:
9211:
9163:
9138:
8938:
8760:
8755:
8623:
8613:
8435:
8111:
8049:
7869:
7815:
7236:
7214:
7133:
7074:
6740:
6179:
6030:
5160:
4759:
4671:
4270:
4013:
2578:
2455:
531:
6050:
5998:
3623:
3515:
3389:
2816:
9339:
9329:
9314:
9221:
9148:
9118:
9093:
9058:
9018:
9013:
8988:
8858:
8780:
8730:
8710:
8700:
8588:
8535:
8510:
8360:
8355:
8335:
8300:
8285:
8229:
7999:
7932:
7900:
7780:
7715:
7581:
7459:
7312:
7192:
7091:
7003:
6971:
6966:
6814:
6546:
5915:
5799:
5383:
5143:
4754:
4698:
4649:
4634:
4487:
4256:
4105:
4085:
4023:
3874:
2884:"Why People With No Religion Are Projected To Decline As A Share Of The World's Population"
2477:
2103:
1993:
553:
467:
421:
201:
6114:
4996:
2341:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 56The intersection of religion among the global uaffliated –60.
1996:
respondents who identified as "no religion" were insufficiently defined because they were
8:
9406:
9344:
9319:
9299:
9276:
9203:
9153:
9133:
9048:
9038:
8993:
8953:
8908:
8903:
8893:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8863:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8805:
8715:
8690:
8568:
8558:
8520:
8490:
8475:
8460:
8450:
8440:
8405:
8400:
8350:
8295:
8270:
8214:
8071:
8054:
7942:
7937:
7927:
7795:
7596:
7509:
7454:
7430:
7317:
7202:
7160:
6955:
6804:
6432:
6224:
6099:
5878:
5665:
5550:
5478:
5368:
5289:
5116:
4769:
4593:
4439:
4277:
3964:
2817:
2308:
1964:
495:
74:
20:
3002:
2978:
2226:
9324:
9304:
9271:
9168:
9158:
9103:
9098:
9028:
9008:
8998:
8983:
8978:
8958:
8928:
8923:
8898:
8888:
8820:
8785:
8770:
8675:
8648:
8638:
8598:
8583:
8578:
8530:
8525:
8465:
8420:
8380:
8275:
8262:
8064:
8044:
7969:
7842:
7665:
7339:
7297:
7138:
7106:
7081:
7008:
6988:
6809:
6757:
6745:
6723:
6315:
6273:
6146:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5760:
5544:
5520:
4899:
4823:
4571:
4517:
4310:
4147:
4090:
4038:
3906:
3790:
3619:
3611:
3364:
3320:
3258:
3208:
2865:
2755:
Zuckerman, Phil, ed. (2010). "Ch. 9 Atheism And Secularity: The Scandinavian Paradox".
1632:
505:
A noted exception to ambiguity, explicitly allowing non-religion, is Article 36 of the
499:
379:
299:
6427:
5976:
5572:
5302:
9381:
9375:
9309:
9266:
9256:
9246:
9236:
9143:
9063:
9023:
8948:
8918:
8810:
8765:
8745:
8720:
8695:
8658:
8643:
8618:
8593:
8505:
8455:
8410:
8395:
8375:
8365:
8340:
8280:
8224:
7984:
7760:
7356:
7327:
7251:
7246:
7207:
7145:
7101:
7086:
7069:
7064:
7059:
6998:
6733:
6619:
6385:
6355:
6335:
6156:
5951:
5932:
5927:
5841:
5804:
5525:
5440:
5363:
5261:
5251:
5219:
5207:
5175:
5152:
5134:
5030:
4885:
4793:
4779:
4742:
4730:
4559:
4478:
4430:
4295:
4207:
4183:
4178:
3938:
3901:
3878:
3844:
3814:
3780:
3742:
3718:
3710:
3686:
3676:
3635:
3624:
3584:
3565:
3538:
3519:
3484:
3463:
3453:
3414:
3395:
3368:
3281:
3032:
2828:
2760:
2417:
2407:
2342:
615:
561:
6839:
6437:
6087:
5809:
2869:
2779:
Zuckerman, Galen et al., "Secularity Around the World". pp. 30–32, 37–40, 44, 50–51.
2039:
1976:
9334:
9216:
9113:
8725:
8685:
8633:
8628:
8545:
8515:
8425:
8315:
8179:
8131:
8126:
7685:
7650:
7623:
7381:
7366:
7241:
7165:
7015:
6993:
6901:
6762:
6541:
6504:
6360:
6345:
6293:
6077:
6057:
6025:
6020:
5991:
5986:
5898:
5888:
5697:
5661:
5653:
5624:
5537:
5457:
5452:
5415:
5405:
5331:
5269:
5111:
4948:
4798:
4456:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4157:
4152:
4125:
4033:
4008:
3870:
3836:
3794:
3768:
3666:
3662:
3561:
3557:
3511:
3445:
3441:
3356:
3312:
3250:
3200:
2857:
2611:
2133:
2001:
607:
542:
442:
389:
373:
338:
237:
179:
6978:
313:
are exclusively logical, reliable, and sufficient to determine the existence of a
9385:
8009:
7989:
7479:
7371:
7361:
7030:
6698:
6489:
6469:
6400:
6365:
6298:
6082:
6008:
5981:
5956:
5893:
5856:
5644:
5587:
5358:
4875:
4676:
4602:
4542:
4497:
4466:
4028:
3950:
3606:
3429:
583:
557:
341:
is meaningless because the word "God" has no coherent and unambiguous definition.
2482:
How to be Secular: A Field Guide for Religious Moderates, Atheists and Agnostics
1997:
456:– are not cognitively meaningful. It is sometimes considered as synonymous with
8136:
8024:
7964:
7680:
7655:
7440:
7344:
7226:
7170:
7123:
6536:
6484:
6380:
6350:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6303:
6199:
6119:
6092:
6045:
6035:
5047:
4710:
4693:
4512:
4492:
4461:
4364:
4058:
3862:
3858:
3828:
3802:
3503:
3476:
1079:
861:
623:
366:
240:
is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters.
223:
128:
5312:
3671:
3449:
2861:
2159:
548:
Determining objective irreligion, as part of societal or individual levels of
9400:
8059:
7613:
7494:
6886:
6881:
6829:
6666:
6604:
6499:
6390:
6288:
6219:
6151:
6141:
6104:
6040:
5937:
5903:
5821:
5717:
5680:
5599:
5507:
4958:
4909:
4614:
4095:
4043:
3806:
3736:
3690:
3467:
934:
611:
595:
318:
6728:
3831:; Galen, Luke W.; Pasquale, Frank L. (2016). "Secularity Around the World".
2421:
8199:
8101:
7957:
7645:
7640:
7618:
7608:
7489:
6921:
6856:
6799:
6784:
6750:
6375:
6283:
5279:
5170:
5165:
5016:
4986:
4860:
4828:
4576:
4547:
4534:
4325:
4003:
3916:
2118:
2093:
1980:
599:
243:
209:
6422:
5067:
2534:
2339:
Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion: Volume 7: Sociology of Atheism
8121:
8096:
7915:
7883:
7874:
7820:
7750:
7735:
7628:
7519:
7180:
7128:
6916:
6634:
6614:
6454:
6395:
6133:
6129:
5942:
5430:
5378:
5348:
5185:
5039:
4931:
4855:
4720:
4656:
4607:
4139:
4100:
4018:
2790:"The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050"
2725:
2138:
2128:
1536:
1488:
1199:
959:
885:
646:
487:
In 1993, the UN's human rights committee declared that article 18 of the
463:
457:
431:
399:
376:
is a system of thought that prioritizes human rather than divine matters.
360:
330:
324:
306:
291:
213:
197:
187:
63:
55:
7435:
7376:
6479:
5873:
5692:
5241:
3241:
Vernon, Glenn M. (1968). "The Religious "Nones": A Neglected Category".
3212:
8082:
7952:
7947:
7910:
7888:
7745:
7725:
7720:
7561:
7551:
7514:
7118:
6896:
6844:
6584:
6229:
6209:
5745:
5670:
5609:
5373:
5353:
5274:
4926:
4894:
4865:
4644:
4639:
4624:
4130:
4053:
4048:
3360:
3324:
3262:
2972:"Losing our Religion? Two Thirds of People Still Claim to be Religious"
2436:
2191:
1824:
1368:
549:
427:
415:
383:
295:
287:
269:
86:
67:
59:
35:
31:
6926:
5765:
3345:"An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews"
452:
is the argument that religious language – specifically, words such as
8029:
7825:
7740:
7730:
7601:
7556:
7541:
7474:
7322:
6789:
6711:
6671:
6661:
6624:
6599:
6579:
6474:
6340:
6194:
6184:
5946:
5866:
5861:
5772:
5582:
5567:
5532:
5515:
5497:
5410:
5190:
5106:
5085:
5080:
5057:
5052:
5011:
5006:
4943:
4880:
4803:
4774:
4725:
4666:
4619:
4162:
3861:; Shook, John R. (2017). "Introduction: The Study of Secularism". In
3391:
Scepticism and irreligion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
3204:
2123:
1972:
1968:
1704:
1656:
1392:
1103:
1055:
403:
249:
149:, but whether it is distinct from lack of religion is disputed. The
47:
5462:
4991:
3316:
3254:
16:
Absence, indifference to, rejection of or hostility towards religion
7832:
7576:
7566:
7421:
6911:
6891:
6718:
6594:
6449:
6013:
5735:
5675:
5594:
5502:
5489:
5467:
5447:
5425:
5420:
5400:
5340:
5307:
5246:
5090:
5075:
4953:
4914:
4870:
4661:
4598:
4502:
4405:
3945:
2098:
1896:
1752:
1680:
1584:
1248:
587:
393:
205:
154:
146:
137:
in the 17th century, though it is not certain from which language.
3653:. In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.).
3193:"Book review. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide"
256:
or indifference towards the existence or non-existence of god/(s).
8106:
7705:
7670:
7591:
7504:
7445:
7349:
7052:
6906:
6656:
6609:
6494:
6370:
6189:
5614:
5577:
5388:
4938:
4904:
4747:
4448:
4073:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2113:
2088:
1920:
1872:
1848:
1800:
1776:
1608:
1440:
1416:
1320:
1272:
1224:
1127:
910:
811:
761:
630:
475:
411:
344:
259:
183:
78:
51:
27:
3054:"Percentage of Christians in U.S. Drifting Down, but Still High"
2160:"Irreligion | Definition, Overview, & Examples | Britannica"
590:
or Christianity. Most of the people "without religion" practice
8014:
7893:
7878:
7697:
7586:
7571:
7529:
7307:
7185:
6459:
6214:
6204:
5816:
5777:
5619:
5227:
5197:
4921:
3658:
3481:
Atheism and Secularity. Volume 1: Issues, Concepts, Definitions
3437:
1944:
1728:
1512:
1464:
1344:
1296:
1151:
1031:
983:
836:
786:
603:
591:
471:
407:
392:
is an outlook upholding virtues and principles associated with
310:
302:
273:
253:
6405:
2288:
2035:
631:
Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association
79:
Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association
19:"Irreligious" redirects here. For the album by Moonspell, see
7710:
7484:
7464:
7449:
7025:
6851:
6646:
6509:
6464:
6444:
5604:
5001:
4847:
4629:
3956:
3344:
2604:"Chapter two – the fundamental rights and duties of citizens"
1175:
1007:
736:
712:
687:
283:
277:
191:
3833:
The Nonreligious: Understanding Secular People and Societies
3001:. WIN/Gallup International. 14 November 2017. Archived from
2540:. International Federation for Human Rights. 1 August 2003.
2283:
The Nonreligious: Understanding Secular People and Societies
2225:. WIN/Gallup International. 14 November 2017. Archived from
2192:
Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life (18 December 2012).
7635:
7524:
5435:
4374:
2285:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 6–8, 13–15, 32–34.
1560:
3657:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 18.
3436:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 10.
3343:
Coleman, Thomas J.; Hood, Ralph W.; Streib, Heinz (2018).
7534:
7499:
6174:
5511:
3801:
3717:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
3388:
Arie Johan Vanderjagt, Richard Henry Popkin, ed. (1993).
3127:
2977:. WIN/Gallup International. 13 April 2015. Archived from
314:
3556:. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp. 2116–2121.
3535:
The Sociology of Secularisation: A Critique of a Concept
2670:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
2847:
2513:"CCPR General Comment 22: 30/07/93 on ICCPR Article 18"
4417:
3827:
3813:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
571:
3922:
3510:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 499ff.
3502: (2017). "Varieties of Secular Experience". In
3483:. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. pp. 1–18.
3387:
3184:
2535:"Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran"
2406:. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press. p. 239.
565:
194:
is either unknowable in principle or unknown in fact.
3869:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–17.
3026:
2434:
577:
556:
from researchers. This is especially so outside the
489:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
3146:
246:
is opposition or rejection of religion of any kind.
3765:"Why We Need a Radical Redefinition of Secularism"
3626:Routledge Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society
2435:
298:as a source of divine knowledge, and asserts that
182:is a philosophical position that encompasses both
3475:Eller, Jack David (2010). "What Is Atheism?". In
3342:
3280:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 54.
3162:"Giving Up on God The Global Decline of Religion"
2253:"7 Key Changes in the Global Religious Landscape"
586:), but "religion" in that context refers only to
9398:
3775:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
2610:. Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor. Archived from
2311:: Religion & Public Life. 18 December 2012.
4341:Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics
3648:
3160:Inglehart, Ronald F. (September–October 2020).
2815:Zuckerman, Phil (2007). Martin, Michael (ed.).
2332:
2330:
3857:
3715:How (Not) to Be Secular: Reading Charles Tayor
2608:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
507:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
4390:
3972:
3191:Ikenberry, G. John (November–December 2004).
2964:
2932:
2666:"Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050"
424:is a type of skepticism relating to religion.
3243:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
3128:"81-F77-Aeb-A404-447-C-8-B95-Dd57-Adc11-E98"
2640:People's Republic of China 1978 Constitution
2502:Zuckerman, Shook, (in bibliography), p. 575.
2336:
2327:
2187:
2185:
1935:
1928:
1911:
1904:
1887:
1880:
1863:
1856:
1839:
1832:
1815:
1808:
1791:
1784:
1767:
1760:
1743:
1736:
1719:
1712:
1695:
1688:
1671:
1664:
1647:
1640:
1623:
1616:
1599:
1592:
1575:
1568:
1551:
1544:
1527:
1520:
1503:
1496:
1479:
1472:
1455:
1448:
1431:
1424:
1407:
1400:
1383:
1376:
1359:
1352:
1335:
1328:
1311:
1304:
1287:
1280:
1263:
1256:
1239:
1232:
1215:
1208:
1190:
1183:
1166:
1159:
1142:
1135:
1118:
1111:
1094:
1087:
1070:
1063:
1046:
1039:
1022:
1015:
998:
991:
974:
967:
950:
943:
925:
918:
901:
894:
876:
869:
852:
845:
827:
820:
802:
795:
777:
770:
752:
745:
727:
720:
703:
696:
678:
347:is an unspecified belief in an undetermined
118:
3741:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press.
3408:
3300:
132:
4397:
4383:
3979:
3965:
3773:The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere
3649:Schaffner, Caleb; Cragun, Ryan T. (2020).
2945:. WIN/Gallup International. Archived from
3841:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924950.001.0001
3670:
3630:. Abingdon, England: Routledge. pp.
3578:
3275:
3269:
3190:
3159:
3082:. Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012.
2814:
2754:
2484:(2012, Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt). p. 53.
2182:
2062:Learn how and when to remove this message
6954:
3811:Varieties of Secularism in a Secular Age
3583:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3236:
3234:
2397:
2034:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1963:According to political/social scientist
526:
145:Irreligion is defined as a rejection of
8251:
3617:
3551:
3532:
3411:Irreligion: Thought, Rationale, History
3349:Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
3051:
337:, is the idea that the question of the
9399:
3755:
3731:
3651:"Chapter 20: Non-Religion and Atheism"
3554:Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions
3537:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
3427:
3240:
3172:from the original on 22 September 2020
3045:
2940:"Global Index of Religion and Atheism"
2808:
2688:
2368:Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie
2046:to additional sources at this section.
396:while maintaining a secular worldview.
117:). It was first attested in French as
8250:
7403:
6953:
4416:
4378:
3960:
3835:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3709:
3516:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.31
3497:
3474:
3231:
3219:from the original on 1 September 2020
3086:from the original on 7 November 2021.
2886:. Pew Research Center. 7 April 2017.
2796:from the original on 25 December 2018
2792:. Pew Research Center. 5 April 2012.
2527:
2250:
2200:from the original on 26 December 2018
2170:from the original on 1 September 2024
1987:
3875:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.1
3134:from the original on 24 October 2021
3108:from the original on 24 October 2021
3098:"The Cambridge Companion to Atheism"
3064:from the original on 6 January 2024.
2736:from the original on 1 November 2017
2706:from the original on 28 October 2022
2547:from the original on 31 October 2006
2456:participating institution membership
2404:Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
2379:from the original on 29 January 2019
2263:from the original on 19 January 2022
2157:
2011:
1958:
441:" (SBNR) is a designation coined by
151:Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
3052:Newport, Frank (24 December 2015).
2402:. In Swatos, William H. Jr. (ed.).
466:, refers to a system of thought or
406:that proposes that the division of
13:
8220:Religions and spiritual traditions
4419:Religious groups and denominations
3581:The Invention of Religion in Japan
2850:Evolutionary Psychological Science
2819:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism
2373:Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal
2355:
2027:relies largely or entirely upon a
532:Nonreligious population by country
14:
9418:
3893:
3867:The Oxford Handbook of Secularism
3771:; VanAntwerpen, Jonathan (eds.).
3508:The Oxford Handbook of Secularism
3375:from the original on 19 June 2021
2920:from the original on 6 April 2017
2823:. Cambridge Univ. Press. p.
2676:from the original on 5 April 2019
2565:
2109:Importance of religion by country
9380:
9371:
9370:
9184:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8326:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4316:Freedom From Religion Foundation
3944:
3932:
3697:from the original on 2 June 2021
3579:Josephson, Jason Ānanda (2012).
2996:"Religion prevails in the world"
2890:from the original on 1 July 2015
2646:from the original on 24 May 2021
2493:Zuckerman, Galen et al., p. 119.
2315:from the original on 9 July 2024
2220:"Religion prevails in the world"
2194:"The Global Religious Landscape"
2016:
1937:
1913:
1889:
1865:
1841:
1817:
1793:
1769:
1745:
1721:
1697:
1673:
1649:
1625:
1601:
1577:
1553:
1529:
1505:
1481:
1457:
1433:
1409:
1385:
1361:
1337:
1313:
1289:
1265:
1241:
1217:
1192:
1168:
1144:
1120:
1096:
1072:
1048:
1024:
1000:
976:
952:
927:
903:
878:
854:
829:
804:
779:
754:
729:
705:
680:
652:
153:defines it as the "rejection of
7786:Evolutionary origin of religion
3913:"Will religion ever disappear?"
3614:, Vol. 44, no. 3. October 2013.
3335:
3294:
3120:
3090:
3068:
3020:
2988:
2902:
2876:
2841:
2782:
2773:
2748:
2718:
2658:
2626:
2596:
2559:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2471:
2462:
2428:
2251:Lipka, Michael (2 April 2015).
606:" means not strictly observing
523:List of countries by irreligion
516:
482:
113:, signifying "not" (similar to
46:is the absence or rejection of
8142:Separation of church and state
6795:Polytheistic reconstructionism
4306:Atheist Alliance International
4064:Separation of church and state
3986:
3562:10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1024
3080:The Global Religious Landscape
3029:The Oxford Handbook of Atheism
2391:
2305:The Global Religious Landscape
2275:
2244:
2212:
2151:
1998:defined in terms of a negative
127:in 1598. It was borrowed into
1:
5751:Traditional Sabahan religions
4301:American Humanist Association
2144:
1967:, "influential thinkers from
494:Most democracies protect the
264:negative and positive atheism
140:
101:is a combination of the noun
4404:
4250:Letter to a Christian Nation
3655:Handbook of Leaving Religion
3304:Review of Religious Research
2757:Atheism and Secularity Vol.2
2468:Merriam Webster, irreligious
2007:
123:in 1527, then in English as
92:
7:
7995:National religiosity levels
7220:Nauruan Indigenous religion
6775:Hellenism (modern religion)
3276:Schumaker, John F. (1992).
3031:. Oxford University Press.
2082:
578:
572:
566:
439:Spiritual but not religious
10:
9423:
7404:
4111:Discrimination/Persecution
3805:; VanAntwerpen, Jonathan;
3622:; Yamagata, Akiko (eds.).
3533:Glasner, Peter E. (1977).
3278:Religion and Mental Health
3199:(November/December 2004).
3168:(September/October 2020).
3076:"Religiously Unaffiliated"
2642:] (in Chinese). 1978.
2301:"Religiously Unaffiliated"
1934:
1910:
1886:
1862:
1838:
1814:
1790:
1766:
1742:
1718:
1694:
1670:
1646:
1622:
1598:
1574:
1550:
1526:
1502:
1478:
1454:
1430:
1406:
1382:
1358:
1334:
1310:
1286:
1262:
1238:
1214:
1189:
1165:
1141:
1117:
1093:
1069:
1045:
1021:
997:
973:
949:
924:
900:
875:
851:
826:
801:
776:
751:
726:
702:
677:
552:and religiosity, requires
520:
450:Theological noncognitivism
166:Merriam Webster Dictionary
25:
18:
9366:
9285:
9202:
9074:
8819:
8544:
8261:
8257:
8246:
8155:
8080:
7851:
7759:
7696:
7414:
7410:
7399:
6962:
6949:
6874:
6697:
6679:Transcendental Meditation
6572:
6559:
6524:
6272:
6249:
6238:
6165:
6128:
5830:
5726:
5708:
5652:
5643:
5560:
5488:
5339:
5330:
5288:
5260:
5218:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5099:
5066:
5038:
5029:
4979:
4846:
4533:
4447:
4438:
4429:
4425:
4412:
4348:
4287:
4197:
4171:
4138:
4072:
3994:
3865:; Shook, John R. (eds.).
3672:10.1163/9789004331471_021
3506:; Shook, John R. (eds.).
3450:10.1163/9789004291027_019
2862:10.1007/s40806-017-0090-z
2443:Oxford English Dictionary
697:103,907,840 – 181,838,720
160:Oxford English Dictionary
8311:Central African Republic
5298:Vietnamese folk religion
4689:Charismatic Christianity
4360:Disestablishmentarianism
4336:Recovering from Religion
4264:Why I Am Not a Christian
2696:"Atheist World Rankings"
2634:
2398:Campbell, Colin (1998).
173:
26:Not to be confused with
8205:New religious movements
7838:Theories about religion
7791:Evolutionary psychology
6820:Modern Finnish paganism
4765:Independent Catholicism
4355:Countries by irreligion
4331:Rational Response Squad
4321:Humanists International
4222:The Demon-Haunted World
3711:Smith, James K. A.
2654:– via Wikisource.
2448:Oxford University Press
2164:Encyclopedia Britannica
895:14,579,400 – 25,270,960
870:18,684,010 – 26,519,240
846:25,982,320 – 32,628,960
821:33,794,250 – 40,388,250
796:34,507,680 – 69,015,360
746:81,493,120 – 82,766,450
319:creator of the universe
8854:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6835:Erzyan native religion
6684:Unitarian Universalism
6063:Native American Church
4809:Oneness Pentecostalism
3915:, from BBC Future, by
3902:Understanding Unbelief
944:8,790,840 – 26,822,520
535:
294:theology that rejects
288:philosophical position
133:
119:
9174:Saint Kitts and Nevis
8471:São Tomé and Príncipe
8331:Republic of the Congo
6532:Aboriginal Australian
5161:Chinese folk religion
4271:Why I Am Not a Muslim
4121:Negative and positive
4116:Implicit and explicit
4014:Criticism of religion
3605:28 April 2021 at the
2517:Minority Rights Group
1497:1,266,670 – 2,011,770
1473:1,418,250 – 3,294,000
1449:1,460,200 – 3,129,000
1425:1,471,500 – 2,125,500
1401:1,565,800 – 3,131,600
1377:1,665,840 – 1,817,280
1305:1,956,990 - 6,320,550
1281:2,327,590 – 4,330,400
1257:2,556,120 – 3,007,200
1233:3,210,240 – 4,614,720
1184:3,483,420 – 8,708,550
1160:4,133,560 – 7,638,100
1136:4,346,160 – 4,449,640
1112:4,779,120 – 4,978,250
1088:5,328,940 – 6,250,121
1016:6,042,150 – 9,667,440
992:6,176,520 – 9,752,400
968:6,364,020 – 7,179,920
530:
478:, but is beyond them.
272:is the opposition to
226:: from the privative
8796:United Arab Emirates
7582:Religious experience
6956:Historical religions
5916:Four Mothers Society
5318:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
4650:Schwenkfelder Church
4257:The System of Nature
4024:Organized secularism
3665:. pp. 242–252.
3444:. pp. 346–365.
3409:Eric Wright (2010).
2732:. 15 November 2023.
2730:www.svenskakyrkan.se
2478:Jacques Berlinerblau
2104:Faith deconstruction
2040:improve this article
554:cultural sensitivity
468:religious philosophy
422:Religious skepticism
202:the existence of God
9189:Trinidad and Tobago
9084:Antigua and Barbuda
8252:Religion by country
7308:Cult of Magna Mater
5788:Philippine Dayawism
5369:Nimbarka Sampradaya
5117:Chinese Manichaeism
4789:Jehovah's Witnesses
4594:Proto-Protestantism
4278:Why I Am an Atheist
3795:10.7312/butl15645.6
3620:Bestor, Theodore C.
3008:on 14 November 2017
2914:Pew Research Center
2523:on 16 January 2015.
2446:(Online ed.).
2309:Pew Research Center
2257:Pew Research Center
2232:on 14 November 2017
2158:Eldridge, Stephen.
1965:Ronald F. Inglehart
1689:542,400 – 1,518,720
1521:929,850 – 2,293,630
610:. Vice versa, many
496:freedom of religion
252:is the attitude of
109:form of the prefix
75:Pew Research Center
21:Irreligious (album)
9124:Dominican Republic
8170:Abrahamic prophets
7259:Proto-Indo-Iranian
5761:Aliran Kepercayaan
4964:Non-denominational
4886:Modernist Salafism
4572:Oriental Orthodoxy
4311:Center for Inquiry
4215:Breaking the Spell
4039:Secular liberalism
3919:, in December 2014
3907:University of Kent
3361:10.1037/rel0000213
2952:on 16 October 2012
1988:Prior to the 1980s
1633:Dominican Republic
536:
500:freedom of thought
380:Secular liberalism
9394:
9393:
9362:
9361:
9358:
9357:
8346:Equatorial Guinea
8242:
8241:
8238:
8237:
7776:Cognitive science
7395:
7394:
7328:Mysteries of Isis
7102:Frankish paganism
6945:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6689:White Brotherhood
6555:
6554:
6520:
6519:
5921:Keetoowah Society
5822:Sundanese Wiwitan
5639:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5364:Brahma Sampradaya
5326:
5325:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5107:Assianism/Uatsdin
5025:
5024:
4794:British Israelism
4780:Nontrinitarianism
4743:Plymouth Brethren
4738:Nondenominational
4672:Congregationalism
4560:Eastern Orthodoxy
4508:Reconstructionist
4372:
4371:
4296:American Atheists
4208:The Age of Reason
3884:978-0-19-998845-7
3850:978-0-19-992494-3
3820:978-0-674-04857-7
3786:978-0-231-52725-5
3769:Mendieta, Eduardo
3748:978-0-674-02676-6
3724:978-0-8028-6761-2
3682:978-90-04-33092-4
3641:978-0-415-43649-6
3571:978-1-4020-8265-8
3544:978-0-7100-8455-2
3525:978-0-19-998845-7
3490:978-0-313-35183-9
3459:978-90-04-26538-7
3420:978-1-171-06863-1
3401:978-90-04-09596-0
2984:on 30 April 2015.
2702:. 19 April 2022.
2635:中华人民共和国宪法 (1978年)
2454:(Subscription or
2072:
2071:
2064:
1959:Historical trends
1956:
1955:
1761:420,960 – 947,160
1737:461,200 – 668,740
1593:703,850 – 764,180
1545:798,800 – 878,680
673:Zuckerman (2004)
616:Eastern Orthodoxy
562:Western Christian
511:1978 Constitution
232:λατρεία (latreia)
200:is the view that
73:According to the
9414:
9384:
9374:
9373:
9252:Papua New Guinea
9227:Marshall Islands
9054:Northern Ireland
8259:
8258:
8248:
8247:
8132:Secular theology
8127:Secular humanism
7412:
7411:
7401:
7400:
7276:Ancestral Pueblo
6951:
6950:
6570:
6569:
6247:
6246:
5650:
5649:
5406:Shaiva Siddhanta
5337:
5336:
5270:Korean shamanism
5149:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5036:
5035:
4949:Mahdawi movement
4819:Swedenborgianism
4799:Christadelphians
4445:
4444:
4436:
4435:
4427:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4243:God Is Not Great
4236:The God Delusion
4229:The End of Faith
4158:Agnostic atheism
4126:Existence of God
4034:Secular humanism
4009:Anti-clericalism
3981:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3949:
3948:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3888:
3854:
3824:
3798:
3760:
3752:
3728:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3674:
3663:Brill Publishers
3645:
3629:
3594:
3575:
3548:
3529:
3501:
3494:
3471:
3442:Brill Publishers
3430:Hunt, Stephen J.
3424:
3413:. BiblioBazaar.
3405:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3329:
3328:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3205:10.2307/20034150
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3157:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2976:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2916:. 5 April 2017.
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2822:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2672:. 2 April 2015.
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:on 23 March 2018
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2577:. Archived from
2572:
2566:Davis, Derek H.
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2519:. Archived from
2509:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2297:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2155:
2134:Secular religion
2067:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2002:civic activities
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
993:
986:
982:
980:
979:
969:
962:
958:
956:
955:
945:
937:
933:
931:
930:
920:
913:
909:
907:
906:
896:
888:
884:
882:
881:
871:
864:
860:
858:
857:
847:
839:
835:
833:
832:
822:
814:
810:
808:
807:
797:
789:
785:
783:
782:
772:
764:
760:
758:
757:
747:
739:
735:
733:
732:
722:
715:
711:
709:
708:
698:
690:
686:
684:
683:
664:
663:
608:Orthodox Judaism
581:
575:
569:
470:that is neither
443:Robert C. Fuller
402:is a variant of
390:Secular paganism
374:Secular humanism
339:existence of God
333:, also known as
238:Anti-clericalism
180:Agnostic atheism
136:
122:
9422:
9421:
9417:
9416:
9415:
9413:
9412:
9411:
9397:
9396:
9395:
9390:
9354:
9281:
9262:Solomon Islands
9198:
9070:
8974:North Macedonia
8815:
8540:
8253:
8234:
8195:Mass gatherings
8163:
8158:
8151:
8090:
8085:
8076:
8010:Religiocentrism
7990:National church
7858:
7855:
7847:
7762:
7755:
7692:
7614:Bodies of water
7406:
7391:
7176:Jamaican Maroon
6958:
6933:
6870:
6700:
6693:
6564:
6562:
6551:
6516:
6490:Trinidad Orisha
6275:
6268:
6241:
6234:
6161:
6124:
6110:Washat Dreamers
5833:
5826:
5722:
5704:
5631:
5605:Srilankan Vedda
5556:
5484:
5359:Sri Vaishnavism
5322:
5284:
5256:
5214:
5121:
5095:
5062:
5021:
4975:
4900:Twelver Shi'ism
4842:
4704:Neo-charismatic
4677:Presbyterianism
4529:
4421:
4408:
4403:
4373:
4368:
4344:
4283:
4193:
4167:
4134:
4068:
4029:Parody religion
3990:
3985:
3955:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3923:
3905:program in the
3896:
3891:
3885:
3863:Zuckerman, Phil
3859:Zuckerman, Phil
3851:
3829:Zuckerman, Phil
3821:
3809:, eds. (2010).
3803:Warner, Michael
3787:
3758:
3749:
3733:Taylor, Charles
3725:
3700:
3698:
3683:
3642:
3607:Wayback Machine
3591:
3572:
3545:
3526:
3504:Zuckerman, Phil
3499:
3491:
3477:Zuckerman, Phil
3460:
3421:
3402:
3378:
3376:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3317:10.2307/3511506
3299:
3295:
3288:
3274:
3270:
3255:10.2307/1384629
3239:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3197:Foreign Affairs
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3166:Foreign Affairs
3158:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2584:on 23 July 2011
2581:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2433:
2429:
2414:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2335:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2190:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2085:
2068:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:by introducing
2033:
2021:
2017:
2010:
1990:
1961:
1938:
1936:
1929:47,040 – 67,620
1914:
1912:
1890:
1888:
1866:
1864:
1842:
1840:
1818:
1816:
1794:
1792:
1770:
1768:
1746:
1744:
1722:
1720:
1698:
1696:
1674:
1672:
1650:
1648:
1626:
1624:
1602:
1600:
1578:
1576:
1554:
1552:
1530:
1528:
1506:
1504:
1482:
1480:
1458:
1456:
1434:
1432:
1410:
1408:
1386:
1384:
1362:
1360:
1338:
1336:
1314:
1312:
1290:
1288:
1266:
1264:
1242:
1240:
1218:
1216:
1193:
1191:
1169:
1167:
1145:
1143:
1121:
1119:
1097:
1095:
1073:
1071:
1049:
1047:
1025:
1023:
1001:
999:
977:
975:
953:
951:
928:
926:
904:
902:
879:
877:
855:
853:
830:
828:
805:
803:
780:
778:
755:
753:
730:
728:
706:
704:
681:
679:
655:
543:Lutheran Church
525:
519:
485:
176:
143:
95:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9420:
9410:
9409:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9388:
9378:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9291:
9289:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9208:
9206:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9080:
9078:
9072:
9071:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9044:United Kingdom
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8825:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8550:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8267:
8265:
8255:
8254:
8244:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8236:
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8137:Secularization
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8119:
8117:Deconstruction
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7965:Fundamentalism
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7441:Call to prayer
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7124:Greco-Buddhism
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2038:. Please help
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367:Secular ethics
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8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8826:
8824:
8822:
8818:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8547:
8543:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8386:Guinea-Bissau
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8260:
8256:
8249:
8245:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8210:Organizations
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8154:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8073:
8070:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8035:Vegetarianism
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7980:Homosexuality
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7899:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7850:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7801:Neurotheology
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7758:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7607:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7495:Folk religion
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7402:
7398:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7318:Imperial cult
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7261:
7260:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7112:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6957:
6952:
6948:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:Discordianism
6885:
6883:
6882:Anthroposophy
6880:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6830:Mari religion
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6696:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6667:Neo-Theosophy
6665:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6605:New Acropolis
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6558:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6271:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:North African
6248:
6245:
6243:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:Kwakwakaʼwakw
6002:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5710:Austroasiatic
5707:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5681:Vattisen Yaly
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5600:Kirat Mundhum
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4959:Milah Abraham
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4615:Protestantism
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4289:Organizations
4286:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Secular state
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3738:A Secular Age
3734:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3590:9780226412337
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3287:0-19-506985-4
3283:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3235:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2980:
2973:
2967:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2856:(3): 224–43.
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2811:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2413:0-7619-8956-0
2409:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2350:
2348:9789004317536
2344:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2278:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2063:
2055:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2029:single source
2025:This section
2023:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1009:
996:
990:
988:
985:
972:
966:
964:
961:
948:
942:
939:
936:
935:United States
923:
917:
915:
912:
899:
893:
890:
887:
874:
868:
866:
863:
850:
844:
841:
838:
825:
819:
816:
813:
800:
794:
791:
788:
775:
769:
766:
763:
750:
744:
741:
738:
725:
719:
717:
714:
701:
695:
692:
689:
676:
672:
669:
666:
665:
662:
658:
653:By population
650:
648:
644:
639:
635:
632:
627:
625:
619:
617:
613:
612:American Jews
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:in Japanese,
574:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
539:
533:
529:
524:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
492:
490:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:is a form of
381:
378:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:Supreme Being
312:
311:natural world
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
292:rationalistic
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
177:
171:
168:
167:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
138:
135:
130:
126:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
90:
88:
82:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
8791:Turkmenistan
8751:Saudi Arabia
8496:South Africa
8486:Sierra Leone
8291:Burkina Faso
8200:Names of God
8147:Unaffiliated
8102:Antireligion
8087:
7958:Universalism
7906:Assimilation
7771:Anthropology
7646:Supernatural
7641:Spirituality
7609:Sacred space
7597:Purification
7470:Denomination
7424: /
7232:Paleo-Balkan
7198:Mesopotamian
7038:Cook Islands
7009:Old Prussian
6922:UFO religion
6861:
6857:Zalmoxianism
6785:Neoshamanism
6642:Spiritualism
6525:Other ethnic
6414:
6240:Traditional
6200:Bongthingism
6088:Acoma Pueblo
6031:Mesoamerican
5728:Austronesian
5549:
5545:Neo-Buddhism
5477:
5473:Neo-Hinduism
5394:Swaminarayan
5232:
5181:Salvationist
5166:Confucianism
5017:Samaritanism
4987:Ali-Illahism
4968:
4835:
4829:Unitarianism
4770:Old Catholic
4577:Nestorianism
4535:Christianity
4522:
4488:Conservative
4326:Humanists UK
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4081:Demographics
4004:Antireligion
3995:
3987:
3917:Rachel Nuwer
3900:
3866:
3832:
3810:
3772:
3737:
3714:
3699:. Retrieved
3654:
3625:
3598:
3580:
3553:
3534:
3507:
3480:
3433:
3410:
3390:
3377:. Retrieved
3352:
3348:
3336:Bibliography
3308:
3302:
3296:
3277:
3271:
3246:
3242:
3223:20 September
3221:. Retrieved
3196:
3186:
3176:20 September
3174:. Retrieved
3165:
3136:. Retrieved
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3101:
3092:
3079:
3070:
3057:
3047:
3028:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3003:the original
2990:
2979:the original
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2947:the original
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2913:
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2878:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2818:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2756:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2669:
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2639:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:the original
2607:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2579:the original
2574:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2529:
2521:the original
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2464:
2441:
2437:"irreligion"
2430:
2403:
2400:"Irreligion"
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2338:
2317:. Retrieved
2304:
2282:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2256:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2227:the original
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2172:. Retrieved
2153:
2094:Antireligion
2077:
2073:
2058:
2049:
2026:
1991:
1981:Pippa Norris
1962:
1486:
693:700,680,000
659:
656:
642:
640:
636:
628:
620:
600:Muslim world
570:in Chinese,
560:, where the
547:
540:
537:
517:Demographics
504:
493:
486:
483:Human rights
453:
349:transcendent
334:
244:Antireligion
231:
227:
210:supernatural
164:
158:
150:
144:
124:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
83:
72:
43:
42:
40:
9242:New Zealand
9179:Saint Lucia
9129:El Salvador
9034:Switzerland
8969:Netherlands
8741:Philippines
8669:South Korea
8664:North Korea
8554:Afghanistan
8501:South Sudan
8391:Ivory Coast
8175:Deification
8122:Objectivism
8097:Agnosticism
8050:Persecution
8040:Video games
8005:Populations
7916:Proselytism
7884:Monasticism
7875:Clericalism
7865:Agriculture
7856:and society
7821:Soteriology
7781:Comparative
7751:Transtheism
7736:Panentheism
7520:Monasticism
7313:Gallo-Roman
7215:Micronesian
7181:Manichaeism
7129:Hermeticism
7097:Continental
7092:Anglo-Saxon
6972:Paleolithic
6967:Prehistoric
6917:Scientology
6780:Italo-Roman
6635:Radha Soami
6615:New Thought
6455:Espiritismo
6396:Waaqeffanna
6336:Fon and Ewe
6274:Sub-Saharan
6157:Satsana Phi
5943:Ghost Dance
5884:Californian
5852:Anishinaabe
5778:Karo Pemena
5757:Indonesian
5431:Lingayatism
5379:Mahanubhava
5349:Vaishnavism
5280:Jeungsanism
5203:Folk Taoism
5186:Xiantiandao
5040:Zoroastrian
4699:Charismatic
4694:Pentecostal
4657:Anglicanism
4608:Waldensians
4543:Catholicism
4140:Agnosticism
4019:Freethought
3012:27 February
2759:. Praeger.
2726:"Statistik"
2363:"Irreligie"
2267:28 February
2236:27 February
2204:18 December
2139:Transtheism
2129:Post-theism
1950:15,410,000
1537:New Zealand
1489:Switzerland
1205:17,350,000
1200:North Korea
960:Netherlands
940:50,980,000
891:22,350,000
886:South Korea
842:17,580,000
817:20,350,000
792:23,180,000
767:26,040,000
742:72,120,000
721:102,870,000
670:Pew (2012)
647:Gallup poll
579:mu jong-gyo
567:wú zōngjiào
464:Transtheism
458:ignosticism
432:religiosity
400:Post-theism
361:New Atheism
331:Ignosticism
325:Freethought
307:observation
222:or alatry (
198:Agnosticism
188:agnosticism
87:the secular
64:rationalism
56:agnosticism
9407:Irreligion
9232:Micronesia
9109:Costa Rica
9004:San Marino
8964:Montenegro
8944:Luxembourg
8801:Uzbekistan
8776:Tajikistan
8681:Kyrgyzstan
8654:Kazakhstan
8604:East Timor
8574:Bangladesh
8564:Azerbaijan
8481:Seychelles
8446:Mozambique
8431:Mauritania
8416:Madagascar
8306:Cape Verde
8088:irreligion
8083:Secularism
7985:Minorities
7953:Toleration
7948:Syncretism
7933:Fanaticism
7923:Disability
7911:Missionary
7901:Conversion
7889:Ordination
7811:Psychology
7806:Philosophy
7746:Polytheism
7726:Monotheism
7721:Henotheism
7562:Orthopraxy
7552:Ordination
7515:Meditation
7510:Indigenous
7475:Entheogens
7460:Conversion
7286:Pueblo III
7203:Babylonian
7193:Melanesian
7119:Gnosticism
7004:Lithuanian
6897:Fourth Way
6751:Circassian
6729:Dievturība
6652:Tensegrity
6585:Falun Gong
6230:Sanamahism
6210:Donyi-Polo
5800:Polynesian
5746:Kaharingan
5671:Burkhanism
5610:Ravidassia
5588:Śvetāmbara
5374:Pushtimarg
5354:Krishnaism
5290:Vietnamese
5275:Cheondoism
5208:Yao Taoism
5144:East Asian
4910:Isma'ilism
4866:Maturidism
4645:Mennonites
4640:Hutterites
4625:Anabaptism
4518:Humanistic
4131:Antitheism
4054:Secularity
4049:Secularism
3996:Irreligion
3988:Irreligion
3939:Philosophy
3597:Lois Lee,
2956:13 January
2710:28 October
2458:required.)
2383:29 January
2145:References
1825:Kyrgyzstan
1369:Kazakhstan
771:66,978,900
641:The term "
594:and other
550:secularity
428:Secularism
416:antitheism
384:liberalism
370:religions.
355:Naturalism
296:revelation
270:Antitheism
214:unknowable
141:Definition
125:irreligion
120:irréligion
115:irrelevant
99:irreligion
68:secularism
60:skepticism
44:Irreligion
36:Secularism
32:Secularity
9350:Venezuela
9295:Argentina
9212:Australia
9164:Nicaragua
9139:Guatemala
8939:Lithuania
8761:Sri Lanka
8756:Singapore
8736:Palestine
8624:Indonesia
8614:Hong Kong
8436:Mauritius
8157:Overviews
8112:Criticism
8065:Sectarian
8055:Terrorism
8030:Theocracy
7975:Happiness
7943:Pluralism
7928:Education
7854:Religion
7826:Salvation
7816:Sociology
7761:Religious
7741:Pantheism
7731:Nontheism
7624:Mountains
7602:Sacrifice
7557:Orthodoxy
7547:Mythology
7542:Mysticism
7431:Behaviour
7340:Canaanite
7323:Mithraism
7291:Pueblo IV
7281:Pueblo II
7186:Mazdakism
7161:Hungarian
7134:Mysteries
7043:Dravidian
6825:Hungarian
6741:Caucasian
6712:Godianism
6672:Agni Yoga
6662:Theosophy
6625:Rastafari
6600:Modekngei
6580:Brahmoism
6573:Syncretic
6565:movements
6563:religious
6475:Quimbanda
6423:Candomblé
6416:Diasporic
6195:Bathouism
6185:Benzhuism
6100:Tsimshian
6051:Purépecha
5972:Longhouse
5947:Sun Dance
5879:Blackfoot
5867:Wabunowin
5862:Midewiwin
5783:Malaysian
5773:Kapitayan
5583:Digambara
5568:Ayyavazhi
5533:Vajrayana
5498:Theravada
5411:Ganapatya
5384:Ramanandi
5313:Hoahaoism
5191:Yiguandao
5086:Yarsanism
5081:Shabakism
5068:Yazdânism
5058:Zurvanism
5053:Mazdaznan
5012:Rastafari
5007:Mandaeism
4881:Wahhabism
4861:Ash'arism
4824:Tolstoyan
4814:Spiritual
4804:Mormonism
4775:Judaizers
4748:Quakerism
4726:Methodist
4716:Irvingism
4667:Calvinism
4620:Adventism
4603:Moravians
4440:Abrahamic
4189:Humanists
4184:Agnostics
4163:Apatheism
4106:Criticism
3691:1874-6691
3468:1874-6691
3394:. Brill.
3369:149580199
3102:PDF Drive
2124:Pantheism
2052:July 2022
2044:citations
2036:talk page
2008:1981–2019
1994:US census
1973:Max Weber
1969:Karl Marx
1705:Lithuania
1657:Singapore
1393:Argentina
1353:1,703,680
1329:1,752,870
1209:3,404,700
1104:Australia
1064:5,240,000
1056:Hong Kong
1040:5,460,000
919:9,546,400
598:. In the
573:mu shūkyō
476:atheistic
404:nontheism
300:empirical
250:Apatheism
204:, of the
134:irreligie
97:The term
93:Etymology
48:religious
9401:Category
9376:Category
9340:Suriname
9330:Paraguay
9315:Colombia
9222:Kiribati
9149:Honduras
9119:Dominica
9094:Barbados
9059:Scotland
9019:Slovenia
9014:Slovakia
8989:Portugal
8859:Bulgaria
8781:Thailand
8731:Pakistan
8711:Mongolia
8706:Maldives
8701:Malaysia
8589:Cambodia
8536:Zimbabwe
8511:Tanzania
8361:Ethiopia
8356:Eswatini
8336:Djibouti
8301:Cameroon
8286:Botswana
8230:Timeline
8225:Scholars
8185:Founders
8045:Violence
8000:Politics
7870:Business
7833:Theology
7577:Prophecy
7567:Paganism
7455:Covenant
7422:Apostasy
7357:Scythian
7298:Rapa Nui
7252:Thracian
7247:Illyrian
7237:Albanian
7208:Sumerian
7151:Harappan
7087:Germanic
7082:Georgian
7075:Selk'nam
7060:Etruscan
7048:Egyptian
7026:Druidism
6989:Armenian
6912:Satanism
6892:Eckankar
6815:Estonian
6800:Romanian
6790:Ossetian
6770:Germanic
6719:Armenian
6708:African
6701:paganism
6630:Sant Mat
6620:Rajneesh
6595:Meivazhi
6590:Japanese
6547:Siberian
6480:Santería
6450:Convince
6316:Bushongo
6220:Kiratism
6147:Hmongism
6014:Wocekiye
5999:Jivaroan
5967:Iroquois
5962:Ho-Chunk
5911:Cherokee
5834:American
5805:Hawaiian
5718:Sarnaism
5688:Tungusic
5676:Tengrism
5666:Mongolic
5595:Sarnaism
5526:Nichiren
5503:Mahayana
5490:Buddhism
5468:Sant Mat
5458:Sauraism
5453:Smartism
5448:Shaktism
5441:Balinese
5426:Kaumaram
5421:Kapalika
5416:Kashmiri
5401:Shaivism
5341:Hinduism
5308:Caodaism
5252:Ryukyuan
5247:Tenrikyo
5242:Shugendō
5220:Japanese
5091:Yazidism
5076:Ishikism
4954:Quranism
4927:Khawarij
4876:Salafism
4871:Atharism
4760:Esoteric
4731:Holiness
4721:Lutheran
4682:Reformed
4662:Baptists
4635:Brethren
4599:Hussites
4587:Assyrian
4503:Haymanot
4457:Orthodox
4406:Religion
4179:Atheists
4086:Religion
3951:Religion
3763:(2011).
3735:(2007).
3713:(2014).
3695:Archived
3612:Religion
3603:Archived
3373:Archived
3217:Archived
3213:20034150
3170:Archived
3138:27 April
3132:Archived
3112:27 April
3106:Archived
3084:Archived
3062:Archived
2918:Archived
2888:Archived
2870:88509159
2794:Archived
2740:13 April
2734:Archived
2704:Archived
2680:27 April
2674:Archived
2644:Archived
2542:Archived
2422:37361790
2377:Archived
2375:. 2007.
2313:Archived
2261:Archived
2198:Archived
2174:14 April
2168:Archived
2099:Apostasy
2083:See also
1897:Mongolia
1753:Portugal
1681:Slovakia
1585:Slovenia
1249:Bulgaria
667:Country
661:people.
588:Buddhism
472:theistic
394:paganism
351:reality.
335:igtheism
220:Alatrism
155:religion
147:religion
105:and the
103:religion
9345:Uruguay
9320:Ecuador
9300:Bolivia
9277:Vanuatu
9204:Oceania
9154:Jamaica
9134:Grenada
9089:Bahamas
9049:England
9039:Ukraine
8994:Romania
8954:Moldova
8914:Ireland
8909:Iceland
8904:Hungary
8894:Germany
8884:Finland
8879:Estonia
8874:Denmark
8869:Czechia
8864:Croatia
8849:Belgium
8844:Belarus
8839:Austria
8834:Andorra
8829:Albania
8806:Vietnam
8716:Myanmar
8691:Lebanon
8609:Georgia
8569:Bahrain
8559:Armenia
8521:Tunisia
8491:Somalia
8476:Senegal
8461:Nigeria
8451:Namibia
8441:Morocco
8406:Liberia
8401:Lesotho
8351:Eritrea
8321:Comoros
8296:Burundi
8271:Algeria
8215:Outline
8180:Deities
8107:Atheism
8020:Science
7938:Freedom
7796:History
7763:studies
7716:Dualism
7706:Animism
7671:Worship
7651:Symbols
7592:Liturgy
7505:Goddess
7465:Deities
7446:Laicism
7436:Beliefs
7415:Aspects
7387:Zapotec
7382:Vainakh
7350:Yahwism
7335:Semitic
7264:Iranian
7166:Hurrian
7156:Hittite
7146:Guanche
7139:Orphism
7070:Fuegian
7065:Finnish
7053:Atenism
6999:Latvian
6984:Arabian
6927:Raëlism
6907:Jediism
6902:Goddess
6875:De novo
6763:Druidry
6657:Thelema
6610:New Age
6495:Umbanda
6386:Tumbuka
6371:Odinala
6356:Lugbara
6276:African
6242:African
6190:Bimoism
6180:Burmese
6026:Mapuche
5992:Wyandot
5952:Guarani
5933:Choctaw
5928:Chilote
5847:Alaskan
5842:Abenaki
5793:Tagalog
5766:Kejawèn
5615:Sikhism
5578:Jainism
5538:Tibetan
5521:Amidism
5389:Warkari
5303:Đạo Mẫu
5153:Chinese
5135:Eastern
5112:Roshani
5031:Iranian
4939:Alevism
4932:Ibadism
4905:Zaydism
4582:Ancient
4553:Eastern
4513:Renewal
4498:Karaite
4479:Zionist
4467:Hasidic
4449:Judaism
4431:Western
4091:History
4074:Atheism
3925:Portals
3479:(ed.).
3432:(ed.).
3379:8 April
3325:3511506
3263:1384629
2894:29 June
2588:3 March
2551:3 March
2319:15 July
2119:Laїcité
2114:Infidel
2089:Atheism
1921:Iceland
1905:247,590
1881:283,600
1873:Albania
1857:314,790
1849:Croatia
1833:355,670
1809:407,880
1801:Uruguay
1785:118,740
1777:Armenia
1713:469,040
1665:566,020
1641:618,380
1617:657,580
1609:Estonia
1569:791,630
1441:Finland
1417:Austria
1321:Belarus
1273:Denmark
1225:Hungary
1128:Belgium
911:Ukraine
812:Germany
762:Vietnam
604:secular
412:atheism
345:Ietsism
317:as the
309:of the
286:is the
260:Atheism
208:or the
184:atheism
52:atheism
28:Atheism
9386:Portal
9325:Guyana
9305:Brazil
9272:Tuvalu
9169:Panama
9159:Mexico
9104:Canada
9099:Belize
9029:Sweden
9009:Serbia
8999:Russia
8984:Poland
8979:Norway
8959:Monaco
8929:Latvia
8924:Kosovo
8899:Greece
8889:France
8821:Europe
8786:Turkey
8771:Taiwan
8676:Kuwait
8649:Jordan
8639:Israel
8599:Cyprus
8584:Brunei
8579:Bhutan
8531:Zambia
8526:Uganda
8466:Rwanda
8421:Malawi
8381:Guinea
8371:Gambia
8276:Angola
8263:Africa
8072:Wealth
8015:Schism
7970:Growth
7894:Priest
7879:Clergy
7698:Theism
7681:Nature
7676:Astral
7619:Groves
7587:Ritual
7572:Prayer
7530:Novice
7480:Ethnic
7405:Topics
7377:Urartu
7372:Tongan
7367:Somali
7362:Slavic
7242:Dacian
7021:Celtic
7016:Basque
6994:Baltic
6845:Udmurt
6810:Uralic
6805:Slavic
6758:Celtic
6746:Abkhaz
6734:Romuva
6724:Baltic
6699:Modern
6542:Papuan
6505:Voodoo
6460:Kumina
6401:Yoruba
6391:Urhobo
6361:Maasai
6346:Lotuko
6294:Baluba
6284:Akamba
6257:Berber
6215:Heraka
6205:Dongba
6083:Pueblo
6078:Pawnee
6068:Navajo
6058:Muisca
6021:Lenape
6009:Lakota
5987:Seneca
5977:Mohawk
5899:Ohlone
5874:Apache
5857:Ojibwe
5832:Native
5698:Manchu
5693:Evenki
5654:Altaic
5645:Ethnic
5620:Khalsa
5573:Kalash
5463:Śrauta
5332:Indian
5262:Korean
5228:Shinto
5198:Taoism
5171:Luoism
4997:Baháʼí
4992:Bábism
4944:Ahmadi
4922:Sufism
4915:Alawis
4565:Church
4493:Reform
4474:Modern
4462:Haredi
4172:People
4148:Strong
3881:
3847:
3817:
3793:
3783:
3761:
3757:
3745:
3721:
3701:29 May
3689:
3679:
3659:Leiden
3638:
3587:
3568:
3541:
3522:
3498:
3487:
3466:
3456:
3438:Leiden
3417:
3398:
3367:
3323:
3284:
3261:
3211:
3058:Gallup
3035:
2924:2 June
2868:
2831:
2800:18 May
2763:
2650:24 May
2618:9 June
2420:
2410:
2345:
1945:Brazil
1942:
1918:
1894:
1870:
1846:
1822:
1798:
1774:
1750:
1729:Latvia
1726:
1702:
1678:
1654:
1630:
1606:
1582:
1558:
1534:
1513:Israel
1510:
1465:Norway
1462:
1438:
1414:
1390:
1366:
1345:Greece
1342:
1318:
1297:Turkey
1294:
1270:
1246:
1222:
1197:
1173:
1152:Sweden
1149:
1125:
1101:
1077:
1053:
1032:Taiwan
1029:
1005:
984:Canada
981:
957:
932:
908:
883:
859:
837:France
834:
809:
787:Russia
784:
759:
734:
710:
685:
592:Shinto
584:Korean
534:, 2010
446:group.
408:theism
303:reason
274:theism
254:apathy
206:divine
66:, and
9310:Chile
9267:Tonga
9257:Samoa
9247:Palau
9237:Nauru
9144:Haiti
9064:Wales
9024:Spain
8949:Malta
8919:Italy
8811:Yemen
8766:Syria
8746:Qatar
8721:Nepal
8696:Macau
8659:Korea
8644:Japan
8619:India
8594:China
8506:Sudan
8456:Niger
8411:Libya
8396:Kenya
8376:Ghana
8366:Gabon
8341:Egypt
8281:Benin
8190:Index
8161:lists
8025:State
7843:Women
7711:Deism
7686:Place
7666:Water
7661:Truth
7629:Trees
7485:Faith
7450:Laity
7345:Punic
7303:Roman
7269:Vedic
7227:Olmec
7114:Greek
7107:Norse
7031:Irish
6852:Wicca
6647:Subud
6537:Inuit
6510:Winti
6500:Vodou
6465:Obeah
6445:Comfa
6428:Bantu
6381:Serer
6366:Mbuti
6326:Dogon
6321:Dinka
6304:Kongo
6299:Bantu
6225:Qiang
6115:Yaqui
6046:Olmec
6036:Aztec
5957:Haida
5894:Miwok
5889:Kuksu
5810:Māori
5741:Dayak
5662:Turko
5625:Sects
5561:Other
5516:Thiền
5100:Other
5002:Druze
4980:Other
4856:Sunni
4848:Islam
4630:Amish
4548:Latin
4199:Books
4096:State
3791:JSTOR
3777:34–59
3767:. In
3634:–74.
3365:S2CID
3321:JSTOR
3259:JSTOR
3209:JSTOR
3006:(PDF)
2999:(PDF)
2982:(PDF)
2975:(PDF)
2950:(PDF)
2943:(PDF)
2866:S2CID
2638:[
2582:(PDF)
2571:(PDF)
2545:(PDF)
2538:(PDF)
2452:
2230:(PDF)
2223:(PDF)
1176:Italy
1008:Spain
737:Japan
713:India
688:China
643:nones
284:Deism
278:deity
224:Greek
192:deity
174:Types
129:Dutch
34:, or
9335:Peru
9217:Fiji
9114:Cuba
8726:Oman
8686:Laos
8634:Iraq
8629:Iran
8546:Asia
8516:Togo
8426:Mali
8316:Chad
8159:and
8086:and
7656:Text
7636:Soul
7525:Monk
7490:Fire
7171:Inca
6979:Ainu
6863:list
6840:Sámi
6470:Palo
6438:Ketu
6433:Jejé
6351:Lozi
6331:Efik
6309:Zulu
6289:Akan
6142:Ahom
6134:Miao
6132:and
6120:Zuni
6093:Hopi
6041:Maya
5938:Crow
5904:Pomo
5551:list
5508:Chan
5479:list
5436:Nath
5234:list
4970:list
4895:Shia
4837:list
4524:list
4153:Weak
3899:The
3879:ISBN
3845:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3781:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3719:ISBN
3703:2021
3687:ISSN
3677:ISBN
3636:ISBN
3585:ISBN
3566:ISBN
3539:ISBN
3520:ISBN
3485:ISBN
3464:ISSN
3454:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3396:ISBN
3381:2021
3282:ISBN
3225:2020
3178:2020
3140:2022
3114:2022
3033:ISBN
3014:2018
2958:2015
2926:2018
2896:2015
2829:ISBN
2802:2015
2761:ISBN
2742:2020
2712:2022
2700:ARDA
2682:2020
2652:2021
2620:2013
2590:2009
2553:2009
2418:OCLC
2408:ISBN
2385:2019
2343:ISBN
2321:2024
2269:2021
2238:2018
2206:2012
2176:2024
1561:Cuba
558:West
474:nor
410:vs.
305:and
290:and
230:- +
186:and
8060:War
7535:Nun
7500:God
6561:New
6406:Ifá
6376:San
6175:Bon
6130:Tai
6105:Ute
5512:Zen
5176:Nuo
4101:New
3871:doi
3837:doi
3759:———
3667:doi
3558:doi
3512:doi
3500:———
3446:doi
3357:doi
3313:doi
3251:doi
3201:doi
2858:doi
1975:to
1971:to
582:in
454:God
131:as
111:in-
107:ir-
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7877:/
7448:/
6341:Ik
6152:Mo
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2440:.
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