42:
235:
270:. The response to adenosine in JET is a temporary loss of conduction to the atria leading to continuation of the tachycardia but with atrioventricular dissociation. In contrast, administration of adenosine in AVNRT will usually terminate the arrhythmia. The diagnosis can be conclusively proven by performing an invasive
282:
Treatment is aimed at slowing the rate by correcting acidosis, correcting electrolytes (especially magnesium and calcium), cooling the patient, and antiarrhythmic medications. Occasionally pacing of the atrium at a rate higher than the JET may allow improved cardiac function by allowing atrial and
221:
Patients of heart surgery may experience an accelerated narrow complex tachycardia, usually within the first 24–48 hours (but occasionally longer) after surgery. There may be atrio-ventricular disassociation with more ventricular signals than atrial signals. The cause of JET is felt to be due to
217:
Individuals with JET have a "short-circuit" in their heart, where the electricity bypasses the AV node, causing the heart to beat faster than normal. The cause of the arrhythmia, the ectopic focus, is usually near the AV node in the triangle of Koch (a rough triangle with points at the coronary
198:), the AV node will limit the electrical activity that conducts to the ventricles. For instance, if the atria are electrically activated at 300 beats per minute, half those electrical impulses are blocked by the AV node, so that the ventricles are activated at 150 beats per minute (giving a
314:. Amiodarone is frequently used in the short term in children experiencing JET following heart surgery, although propanolol, flecainide and propafenone are more commonly recommended for long term use due to the frequency of side effects associated with amiodarone.
189:
The AV node acts as a gatekeeper, limiting the electrical activity that reaches the ventricles of the heart. This function of the AV node is important, because if the signals generated in the atria of the heart were to increase in rate (as they do during
254:
is present. There may a 1:1 relationship between atria and ventricular activity with a short RP interval, or atrioventricular dissociation with slower atrial than ventricular rates if the AV node is unable to conduct from the ventricles to the atria.
682:
Brugada, Josep; Katritsis, Demosthenes G.; Arbelo, Elena; Arribas, Fernando; Bax, Jeroen J.; Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina; Calkins, Hugh; Corrado, Domenico; Deftereos, Spyridon G.; Diller, Gerhard-Paul; Gomez-Doblas, Juan J. (31 August 2019).
841:
Li, Xin; Zhang, Chengxin; Dai, Di; Liu, Haiyuan; Ge, Shenglin (September 2018). "Efficacy of dexmedetomidine in prevention of junctional ectopic tachycardia and acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis".
325:
through a small puncture in the groin. The main risk of this procedure is accidental damage to the AV node. This occurs more frequently when treating JET than other forms of supraventricular tachycardia, requiring treatment with a
225:
JET-like symptoms can also manifest congenitally and in the first six months of life. This syndrome, which may also referred to as His bundle tachycardia, is resistant to therapy and can be difficult to treat.
685:"2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardiaThe Task Force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)"
222:
manipulation of the tissue surrounding the AV node during surgery, however debate exists regarding the exact cause, as it is seen after procedures even without significant manipulation of this area.
321:. In this procedure, the small area in which the cells initiating JET are found can be destroyed by heating or freezing the tissue. This is accomplished using wires passed to the heart via the
349:
JET is most commonly seen in children following cardiac surgery. The arrhythmia affects 2-22% of children depending on the type of surgery performed, with higher rates seen following repair of
369:
Junctional ectopic tachycardia derives its name from the problem it causes. "Junctional" is used as the abnormal tissue driving the ventricular rate is located close junction between the
381:, meaning "out of place") refers to the fact that the ventricles are being triggered by tissue that is not the normal pacemaker tissue within the heart. Tachycardia (from the Greek
246:
JET is most commonly diagnosed using a 12-lead ECG. The appearance is usually of a tachycardia with rapid, regular ventricular rates of 170-260 beats per minute. The
1642:
202:
of 150 beats per minute). Another important property of the AV node is that it slows down individual electrical impulses. This is manifest on the
778:
392:
By this definition, junctional ectopic tachycardia is an abnormally swift heart rhythm due to cells firing within the heart near the AV node.
1283:
893:
973:
620:
Haas, N. A.; Plumpton, K.; Justo, R.; Jalali, H.; Pohlner, P. (May 2004). "Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET)".
1700:
1017:
1504:
1341:
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1806:
1637:
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as the PR interval, which is about less than 200 milliseconds, the time from activation of the atria (manifest as the
1677:
803:
754:
486:
Campbell, R. W. F.; Wren, C. (1987). "His bundle tachycardia- arrhythmogenic and antiarrhythmic effects of therapy".
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1672:
1541:
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72:
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1963:
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Handbook of cardiac electrophysiology : a practical guide to invasive EP studies and catheter ablation
333:
For those at risk of developing JET such as children undergoing heart surgery, treatment can also be given
327:
259:
207:
2056:
1801:
1246:
564:"Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia in children and adolescents: a 20 year experience based study"
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934:
562:
Sarubbi B, Musto B, Ducceschi V, D'Onofrio A, Cavallaro C, Vecchione F, Musto C, Calabro R (2002).
317:
In those who experience recurrent episodes of JET, an alternative to long term medical therapy is
2018:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1953:
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in 5-10% of ablations for JET. The risk is lower if the tissue is frozen rather than heated.
1371:
1366:
1261:
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1071:
499:
334:
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154:(AV node). In newborns and infants up to 6 weeks old, the disease may also be referred to as
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Josephson's clinical cardiac electrophysiology : techniques and interpretations
463:"Supraventricular Tachycardia, Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia: Overview - eMedicine"
2008:
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16:
Irregular heartbeat due to abnormal conduction from the atrioventricular nerve
2050:
2013:
1924:
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183:
139:
813:
170:
In normal individuals, electrical activity in the heart is initiated in the
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115:
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JET in a 2-month-old girl following cardiac surgery. In this case the
411:"Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia: presentation and outcome"
299:
267:
111:
1834:
991:
749:. Preceded by: Josephson, Mark E. (Fifth ed.). Baltimore, MD.
83:
561:
1914:
1894:
1049:
408:
242:
was present during tachycardia and during normal sinus rhythm.
681:
199:
135:
440:
520:
258:
The differential diagnosis of JET includes other forms of
337:. A meta-analysis of 9 studies found that sedation with
146:, or irregular beating of the heart, caused by abnormal
619:
218:
sinus, the tendon of Todaro, and the tricuspid valve).
798:. Murgatroyd, Francis D. London: ReMEDICA Pub. 2002.
916:
341:
reduced the risk of JET occurring post-operatively.
210:) and activation of the ventricles (manifest as the
981:
744:
409:Sarubbi B, Vergara P, D'Alto M, Calabro R (2003).
2048:
377:, known as the AV node. Ectopic (from the Greek
521:Zhivadinovik J, Lazarova D, Gjorgov N (2006).
967:
840:
485:
264:atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
402:
389:, meaning heart) means a swift heart rate.
138:that manifests in patients recovering from
1284:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
974:
960:
777:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
353:, and lower rates following the repair of
266:(AVNRT). These can be distinguished using
250:are usually narrow, but may be broad if a
40:
710:
700:
587:
426:
500:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062336
233:
2049:
1018:Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
286:Medications used to treat JET include
955:
745:Josephson, Mark E. (10 August 2015).
481:
479:
1342:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
790:
788:
740:
738:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
615:
613:
611:
609:
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523:"Dimensions of the Triangle of Koch"
13:
1638:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
476:
165:
14:
2068:
912:
785:
735:
664:
604:
186:to the ventricles of the heart.
182:(AV) node, and then through the
1323:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
886:
834:
344:
73:AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia
555:
514:
415:Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J
302:, and antiarrhythmics such as
128:Junctional ectopic tachycardia
86:and electrolyte disturbances,
27:Junctional ectopic tachycardia
1:
1840:Pulseless electrical activity
1769:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
1643:Catecholaminergic polymorphic
896:. Online Etymology Dictionary
395:
364:
277:
260:supraventricular tachycardia
229:
134:) is a rare syndrome of the
7:
622:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Kardiologie
296:calcium channel antagonists
10:
2073:
1784:Wandering atrial pacemaker
1331:non-infective endocarditis
1272:Endocardial fibroelastosis
359:arterial switch operations
355:ventricular septal defects
288:beta-adrenoceptor blockers
272:electrophysiological study
174:(SA) node (located in the
2001:
1944:
1862:hexaxial reference system
1853:
1820:
1807:Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
1792:
1750:
1709:
1686:
1660:
1628:
1586:
1567:
1466:
1452:
1352:
1337:Libman–Sacks endocarditis
1306:
1292:
1208:
1157:
1150:
1087:
1042:
999:
990:
920:
634:10.1007/s00392-004-0067-3
240:right bundle branch block
142:. It is characterized by
97:
88:antiarrhythmic medication
78:
66:
58:
48:
39:
31:
26:
1742:Ventricular fibrillation
1013:Coronary artery aneurysm
844:Congenital Heart Disease
702:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz467
2019:Diastolic heart failure
1993:Athletic heart syndrome
1954:Ventricular hypertrophy
1688:Pre-excitation syndrome
1542:Left posterior fascicle
1067:Acute coronary syndrome
1007:Coronary artery disease
385:, meaning "swift", and
283:ventricular synchrony.
1537:Left anterior fascicle
1317:infective endocarditis
1102:Hibernating myocardium
983:Cardiovascular disease
826:: CS1 maint: others (
689:European Heart Journal
580:10.1136/heart.88.2.188
488:European Heart Journal
243:
156:His bundle tachycardia
68:Differential diagnosis
35:His bundle tachycardia
1701:Wolff–Parkinson–White
1661:Premature contraction
1559:Adams–Stokes syndrome
1262:Loeffler endocarditis
1072:Myocardial infarction
237:
178:), propagates to the
152:atrioventricular node
1868:Right axis deviation
1830:Sudden cardiac death
1188:Pericardial effusion
1131:Ventricular aneurysm
443:on 28 September 2021
150:from or through the
62:Post-cardiac surgery
1873:Left axis deviation
1730:Atrial fibrillation
1725:Ventricular flutter
1648:Torsades de pointes
1522:Bundle branch block
1481:Sick sinus syndrome
1267:Cardiac amyloidosis
1252:Tachycardia-induced
1107:Myocardial stunning
1055:Prinzmetal's angina
1024:Coronary thrombosis
351:Tetralogy of Fallot
252:bundle branch block
192:atrial fibrillation
2057:Cardiac arrhythmia
1976:Atrial enlargement
1774:Pacemaker syndrome
1696:Lown–Ganong–Levine
1618:Junctional ectopic
1613:AV nodal reentrant
1119:Myocardial rupture
1029:Coronary vasospasm
244:
144:cardiac arrhythmia
2044:
2043:
2036:Obstructive shock
1940:
1939:
1887:Short QT syndrome
1854:Other / ungrouped
1845:Sinoatrial arrest
1760:Ectopic pacemaker
1656:
1655:
1476:Sinus bradycardia
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1193:Cardiac tamponade
1146:
1145:
1136:Dressler syndrome
1034:Myocardial bridge
949:
948:
856:10.1111/chd.12674
530:Bratisl Lek Listy
319:catheter ablation
125:
124:
92:catheter ablation
21:Medical condition
2064:
2009:Cardiac fibrosis
1901:T wave alternans
1794:Long QT syndrome
1588:Supraventricular
1584:
1583:
1517:Intraventricular
1464:
1463:
1304:
1303:
1155:
1154:
1000:Coronary disease
997:
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439:. Archived from
430:
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335:prophylactically
262:, most commonly
180:atrioventricular
44:
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23:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2065:
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2031:Rheumatic fever
1997:
1936:
1849:
1816:
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1705:
1682:
1652:
1624:
1571:
1563:
1457:
1440:
1348:
1297:
1288:
1204:
1198:Hemopericardium
1142:
1083:
1077:Unstable angina
1050:Angina pectoris
1043:Active ischemia
1038:
986:
980:
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929:
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339:dexmedetomidine
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166:Pathophysiology
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5:
2070:
2060:
2059:
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2024:Cardiac asthma
2021:
2011:
2005:
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1996:
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1983:
1973:
1972:
1971:
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1932:Strain pattern
1929:
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1857:
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1822:Cardiac arrest
1818:
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1802:Andersen–Tawil
1798:
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1720:Atrial flutter
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1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
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1259:
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1244:
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1242:
1230:Cardiomyopathy
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:Chagas disease
1214:
1212:
1206:
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1201:
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921:Classification
914:
913:External links
911:
908:
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885:
850:(5): 799–807.
833:
804:
784:
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734:
695:(5): 655–720.
663:
628:(5): 371–380.
603:
574:(2): 188–190.
554:
513:
494:(6): 647–650.
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400:
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366:
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231:
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196:atrial flutter
167:
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160:congenital JET
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82:Correction of
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2014:Heart failure
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1946:Cardiomegaly
1920:ST elevation
1907:
1893:
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1764:Ectopic beat
1712:fibrillation
1617:
1547:Bifascicular
1421:
1402:
1383:
1359:
1329:
1315:
1308:Endocarditis
1247:Hypertrophic
1181:Constrictive
1167:Pericarditis
1125:
1113:
1096:
933:
898:. Retrieved
888:
847:
843:
836:
795:
746:
712:1887/3232621
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545:. Retrieved
536:(4): 107–9.
533:
529:
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466:. Retrieved
457:
445:. Retrieved
441:the original
421:(3): 143–7.
418:
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348:
345:Epidemiology
332:
323:femoral vein
316:
285:
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188:
176:right atrium
169:
159:
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131:
127:
126:
18:
1812:Romano–Ward
1779:Parasystole
1678:Ventricular
1630:Ventricular
1569:Tachycardia
1486:Heart block
1468:Bradycardia
1294:Endocardium
1257:Restrictive
1218:Myocarditis
1159:Pericardium
468:21 December
447:21 December
312:propafenone
292:propranolol
212:QRS complex
120:propafenone
108:propranolol
32:Other names
1710:Flutter /
1673:Junctional
1608:Junctional
1601:Multifocal
1574:paroxysmal
1490:Sinoatrial
1459:arrhythmia
1454:Conduction
1210:Myocardium
547:31 January
396:References
375:ventricles
308:amiodarone
304:flecainide
172:sinoatrial
148:conduction
116:flecainide
104:Amiodarone
99:Medication
54:Cardiology
1969:Pulmonary
1752:Pacemaker
1423:pulmonary
1404:tricuspid
1240:Alcoholic
900:29 August
864:1747-0803
822:cite book
773:cite book
765:938434294
721:1522-9645
642:0300-5860
365:Etymology
328:pacemaker
300:verapamil
278:Treatment
268:adenosine
230:Diagnosis
112:verapamil
79:Treatment
50:Specialty
2051:Category
1835:Asystole
1735:Familial
1429:stenosis
1410:stenosis
1391:stenosis
1372:stenosis
1367:prolapse
1089:Sequelae
992:Ischemia
880:52843168
872:30260073
814:48363139
729:31504425
650:15160272
598:12117855
542:16796135
437:16943912
298:such as
290:such as
84:acidosis
1235:Dilated
1177:Chronic
985:(heart)
940:D013613
658:5609507
589:1767240
508:3113958
428:1502046
379:ektopos
1915:J wave
1668:Atrial
1596:Atrial
1385:aortic
1361:mitral
1353:Valves
1299:valves
1151:Layers
1020:(SCAD)
878:
870:
862:
812:
802:
763:
753:
727:
719:
656:
648:
640:
596:
586:
540:
506:
435:
425:
387:kardia
383:takhys
310:, and
208:P wave
59:Causes
2002:Other
1986:Right
1964:Right
1578:sinus
1527:Right
1277:Viral
1172:Acute
1126:weeks
1097:hours
1009:(CAD)
876:S2CID
654:S2CID
568:Heart
526:(PDF)
371:atria
200:pulse
136:heart
1981:Left
1959:Left
1576:and
1532:Left
1114:days
935:MeSH
902:2011
868:PMID
860:ISSN
828:link
810:OCLC
800:ISBN
779:link
761:OCLC
751:ISBN
725:PMID
717:ISSN
646:PMID
638:ISSN
594:PMID
549:2013
538:PMID
504:PMID
470:2008
449:2008
433:PMID
373:and
357:and
852:doi
707:hdl
697:doi
630:doi
584:PMC
576:doi
534:107
496:doi
423:PMC
294:,
214:).
204:ECG
194:or
158:or
132:JET
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1909:ST
1881:QT
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1510:3°
1505:2°
1500:1°
1495:AV
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