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38:
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that favored crewed space missions, the project lost funding in 2005, effectively cancelling the JIMO mission. Among other issues, the proposed nuclear technology was deemed too ambitious, as was the multiple-launch and in-orbit assembly mission architecture. Engineers at the Jet
Propulsion
831:
Mason, Lee; Bailey, Sterling; Bechtel, Ryan; Elliott, John; Fleurial, Jean-Pierre; Houts, Mike; Kapernick, Rick; Lipinski, Ron; MacPherson, Duncan; Moreno, Tom; Nesmith, Bill; Poston, Dave; Qualls, Lou; Radel, Ross; Weitzberg, Abraham; Werner, Jim (November 18, 2010).
608:
Three launches were planned for May 2015 to LEO in order to assemble the two transfer stages and the probe. Transfer stages were designed to launch the probe on its trajectory to
Jupiter during the launch window extending from late October 2015 to mid-January 2016.
612:
During the first month of flight, the probe's main structures would be deployed, the nuclear reactor activated, and the thrusters tested. The interplanetary flight would have lasted until April 2021 (the ion engines were supposed to work two-thirds of the time).
692:(JUICE) mission over two other ESA missions for funding. The JUICE mission will study the Jupiter moons Europa, Callisto and Ganymede and was launched as an ESA L-class mission on April 14, 2023 on an
703:
became the main NASA mission to Europa with a significant difference in that it would be solar-powered and engage in multiple flybys of the moon rather than orbit it. Another similar mission is the
461:
proposed to include on JIMO a small nuclear-powered Europa lander. It would travel with the orbiter, which would also function as a communication relay to Earth. It would investigate Europa's
707:, a proposed NASA astrobiology mission to Europa, to complement Europa Clipper. Europa Clipper is planned to be launched in 2024 and Europa Lander is planned to be launched in 2027.
756:
616:
Once the probe was in the influence area of
Jupiter, the navigation would become more complex and difficult. The probe would have to use gravity assist maneuvers to enter orbit.
435:, creating more thorough observation and mapping windows than exist for current spacecraft, which must make short fly-by maneuvers because of limited fuel for maneuvering.
661:
When it was cancelled, the JIMO mission was in an early planning stage and launch wasn't expected before 2017. It was to be the first proposed mission of NASA's
483:. The contract was to have run through to 2008. Separate contracts, covering construction and individual instruments, were to be awarded at a later date.
442:
shield protecting sensitive spacecraft equipment. The reactor would only be powered up once the probe was well out of Earth orbit, so that the amount of
2358:
796:
947:
742:
601:
2234:
979:
772:
763:
1222:
392:
JIMO was to have a large number of revolutionary features. Throughout its main voyage to the
Jupiter moons, it was to be propelled by an
833:
408:
power conversion system would convert reactor heat into electricity. Providing a thousand times the electrical output of conventional
2635:
2267:
376:, which are now thought to also have liquid, salty oceans beneath their icy surfaces, were also targets of interest for the probe.
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2297:
1419:
658:
to test out the reactor and heat rejection systems. The spacecraft would possibly be scaled down from its original size as well.
1386:
222:
952:
19:
This article is about the NASA mission proposal cancelled in 2005. For the ESA-led mission currently en route to
Jupiter, see
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1436:
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447:
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1702:
911:
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potential by confirming the existence and determining the characteristics of water within and below Europa's icy shell.
2209:
1249:
219:
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416:(RTG)-based power systems, the reactor was expected to open up opportunities like flying a full scale ice-penetrating
480:
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1254:
972:
889:
327:
2991:
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1744:
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638:
At the end of the mission in
September 2025, the vehicle would have been parked in a stable orbit around Europa.
529:
Electric
Herakles ion thrusters: multiple 30 kW high efficiency, specific impulse 7,000 s (69 kN·s/kg)
2562:
2204:
1237:
397:
2976:
2628:
2260:
682:
654:
As a result of the budget changes, NASA is instead considering a demonstration mission to a target closer to
588:
power conversion to generate a peak output of 200 kilowatts of power over the long life of the JIMO mission.
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that must be launched into orbit is minimized. This configuration is thought to be less risky than the
20:
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1500:
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689:
573:. The nuclear propulsion program was conducted from 2003 to 2005 by the Naval Reactors branch of the
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1232:
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The design called for the reactor to be positioned in the tip of the spacecraft behind a strong
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1405:
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1227:
1216:
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was selected on
September 20, 2004 for a US$ 400 million preliminary design contract, beating
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1978:
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ESA has since continued to work separately on that design and on May 2, 2012 selected the
8:
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1306:
1259:
1056:
2439:
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2009:
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662:
651:
Laboratory with JIMO were laid off or reassigned during the spring and summer of 2005.
581:
439:
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2138:
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1963:
1347:
1096:
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863:
2955:
2703:
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2318:
1993:
1968:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1805:
1770:
1371:
1337:
1074:
472:
432:
361:
109:
2728:
2713:
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2380:
2328:
2276:
2084:
2063:
1954:
1905:
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1027:
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957:
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of varying sizes) would make it possible to go into and leave orbits around the
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2776:
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1988:
1983:
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37:
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628:
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569:
system for the long-duration mission, with power provided by a small 200 kWe
405:
365:
269:
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2425:
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2120:
1923:
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1514:
635:
were also planned when the orbital conditions would have been favorable).
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1825:
1815:
1775:
681:
After JIMO, NASA and ESA planned a joint mission to
Jupiter's moons, the
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491:
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1019:
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409:
357:
743:
Abelson & Shirley – Small RPS-Enabled Europa Lander
Mission (2005)
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1342:
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632:
927:"Final fiscal year 2019 budget bill secures $ 21.5 billion for NASA"
693:
912:"NASA to receive $ 22.6 billion in fiscal year 2020 spending bill"
1284:
992:
237:
67:
864:"NASA 2006 Budget Presented: Hubble, Nuclear Initiative Suffer"
841:
771:, Jet Propulsion Laboratory – NASA, p. 287, archived from
574:
384:
2375:
834:"Small Fission Power System Feasibility Study — Final Report"
655:
417:
719:(Independently launched lander follow on for Europa Clipper)
2613:
2245:
890:"Cost growth prompts changes to Europa Clipper instruments"
837:
647:
421:
354:
314:
170:
78:
523:
Electric turboalternators: multiple 104 kW (440 V AC)
1397:
830:
535:
Telecommunications link: 10 Mbit/s (4×250 watt TWTA)
161:
58.4 × 15.7 m (192 × 52 ft)
368:, where an ocean of liquid water may harbor alien life.
1680:
486:
16:
Canceled NASA orbiter mission to Jupiter's icy moons
676:
514:
Reactor module mass: 6,182 kg (200 kWe output)
987:
754:
748:
2968:
427:Using electric propulsion (8 ion engines, plus
826:
824:
420:system and providing a strong, high-bandwidth
2629:
2261:
1696:
1413:
973:
918:
508:Gross mass in low Earth orbit: 36,375 kg
797:"Project Prometheus final report - page 178"
821:
685:. This mission was also cancelled in 2011.
565:The JIMO mission was proposed to include a
2636:
2622:
2268:
2254:
1703:
1689:
1420:
1406:
980:
966:
881:
600:Europa Lander Mission concept circa 2005 (
517:Spacecraft module dry mass: 16,193 kg
46:spacecraft exploring Jupiter and its moons
532:Hall thrusters: high power, higher thrust
725:(later ESA planned Jupiter system probe)
595:
538:Deployed size: 58.4 m long × 15.7 m wide
511:Mass of xenon propellant: 12,000 kg
498:
490:
400:or NEXIS engine, and powered by a small
383:
2666:List of geological features on Ganymede
2298:List of geological features on Callisto
526:Deployable radiator: 422 m surface area
450:used on previous missions to the outer
2969:
1387:Colonization of the outer Solar System
948:Project Prometheus final report (2005)
861:
541:Stowed size: 19.7 m long × 4.57 m wide
379:
2617:
2249:
1684:
1496:List of geological features on Europa
1401:
1223:Europa Jupiter System Mission-Laplace
961:
924:
887:
855:
560:
556:Cost: 16 billion $ excluding launch
414:radioisotope thermoelectric generator
745:. (PDF) . Retrieved on July 23, 2013
627:for three months each, and finally
520:Science payload mass: 1,500 kg
13:
953:Project Prometheus webpage at NASA
862:Berger, Brian (February 7, 2005).
736:
591:
14:
3003:
941:
925:Foust, Jeff (February 17, 2019).
755:Europa Study Team (May 1, 2012),
580:The proposed system design was a
487:Preliminary design specifications
2805:
2438:
2038:
1513:
1255:Innovative Interstellar Explorer
1073:
677:Subsequent proposed replacements
646:Due to a shift in priorities at
328:Large Strategic Science Missions
36:
2671:List of quadrangles on Ganymede
641:
135:16,193 kg (35,699 lb)
123:36,375 kg (80,193 lb)
2563:Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter
2205:Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter
1238:Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter
904:
789:
398:High Power Electric Propulsion
141:6,182 kg (13,629 lb)
1:
888:Foust, Jeff (July 10, 2020).
729:
683:Europa Jupiter System Mission
619:The probe would have studied
544:Mission design life: 20 years
149:1,500 kg (3,300 lb)
2643:
2275:
503:HiPEP ion engine test (2003)
495:NEXIS ion engine test (2005)
360:designed to explore the icy
7:
2676:List of craters on Ganymede
2303:List of craters on Callisto
710:
665:, a program for developing
567:nuclear electric propulsion
193:NET May 2015 – January 2016
42:Artist's conception of the
10:
3008:
2982:Proposed NASA space probes
2892:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
2512:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
2163:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
1593:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
1427:
1136:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
757:"EUROPA STUDY 2012 REPORT"
631:for one month (studies of
334:Planetary Science Division
21:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
18:
2943:
2926:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
2913:
2884:
2821:
2814:
2803:
2785:
2769:
2753:
2737:
2684:
2658:
2651:
2575:
2558:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
2550:
2521:
2454:
2447:
2436:
2416:
2311:
2290:
2283:
2222:
2195:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
2187:
2171:
2148:
2130:
2056:
2047:
2036:
2018:
2002:
1953:
1937:
1904:
1758:
1727:
1718:
1657:
1635:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
1612:
1585:
1529:
1522:
1511:
1501:List of craters on Europa
1483:
1460:
1444:
1435:
1382:Missions to outer planets
1315:
1270:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
1206:
1173:
1146:
1127:
1108:
1082:
1071:
999:
723:Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer
690:Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer
346:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
324:
320:
309:
301:
296:
292:
288:
276:
268:
256:
244:
236:
232:
228:
215:
201:
189:
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165:
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145:
127:
115:
105:
100:
96:
92:
84:
74:
63:
59:
51:
35:
30:Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
2921:Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter
1491:List of lineae on Europa
1333:Magnetosphere of Jupiter
1233:Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter
120:Total (fully assembled):
1645:Laplace-P/Europa Lander
699:In the late 2010s, the
396:system via either the
2992:Orbiters (space probe)
2200:Jupiter Europa Orbiter
1938:Lava flows or channels
1710:
1620:Jupiter Europa Orbiter
1323:Exploration of Jupiter
1228:Jupiter Europa Orbiter
802:. 2005. Archived from
605:
504:
496:
389:
364:. The main target was
2230:Io in popular culture
1640:Jovian Europa Orbiter
1328:Atmosphere of Jupiter
1265:Jovian Europa Orbiter
765:EUROPA LANDER MISSION
671:spacecraft propulsion
599:
502:
494:
459:Europa Lander Mission
387:
101:Spacecraft properties
2977:Cancelled spacecraft
2188:Cancelled / Concepts
914:. December 16, 2019.
717:Europa Lander (NASA)
571:fission power system
388:Forward view of JIMO
2987:Missions to Jupiter
2951:Ganymede in fiction
2583:Callisto in fiction
2179:Io Volcano Observer
2019:Plains and plateaus
1307:Tsiolkovsky mission
1260:Io Volcano Observer
989:Spacecraft missions
380:The JIMO spacecraft
32:
2149:Planned / On-route
2010:Kanehekili Fluctus
1377:Deep Space Network
1196:Interstellar Probe
1109:Atmospheric probes
663:Project Prometheus
606:
582:gas-cooled reactor
561:Nuclear propulsion
505:
497:
390:
132:Spacecraft module:
28:
2964:
2963:
2939:
2938:
2801:
2800:
2611:
2610:
2571:
2570:
2434:
2433:
2243:
2242:
2218:
2217:
2034:
2033:
1745:Volcanic Features
1678:
1677:
1670:Europa in fiction
1653:
1652:
1605:
1597:
1509:
1508:
1395:
1394:
1174:Proposed missions
669:into a means of
547:Launch date: 2017
353:) was a proposed
341:
340:
336:
284:
277:Orbital insertion
264:
257:Orbital departure
252:
245:Orbital insertion
211:
197:
159:
139:
133:
121:
2999:
2906:
2896:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2656:
2655:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2603:Moons of Jupiter
2543:
2535:
2452:
2451:
2442:
2288:
2287:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2054:
2053:
2042:
2041:
1725:
1724:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1603:
1595:
1527:
1526:
1517:
1442:
1441:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1372:Rings of Jupiter
1338:Moons of Jupiter
1147:Planned missions
1077:
982:
975:
968:
959:
958:
935:
934:
922:
916:
915:
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901:
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848:
828:
819:
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816:
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808:
801:
793:
787:
786:
785:
783:
778:on March 5, 2016
777:
770:
761:
752:
746:
740:
696:carrier rocket.
550:Launch Vehicle:
473:Northrop Grumman
433:moons of Jupiter
362:moons of Jupiter
332:
282:
262:
250:
209:
195:
185:Start of mission
157:
137:
131:
119:
110:Northrop Grumman
85:Mission duration
40:
33:
27:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2935:
2909:
2904:
2894:
2880:
2861:Cassini–Huygens
2810:
2806:
2797:
2781:
2765:
2749:
2733:
2680:
2647:
2642:
2612:
2607:
2567:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2517:
2498:Cassini–Huygens
2443:
2430:
2412:
2307:
2279:
2274:
2244:
2239:
2214:
2183:
2167:
2144:
2126:
2085:Voyager program
2064:Pioneer program
2043:
2039:
2030:
2014:
1998:
1949:
1933:
1900:
1754:
1714:
1709:
1679:
1674:
1649:
1608:
1581:
1569:Cassini–Huygens
1518:
1505:
1479:
1456:
1445:Chaotic terrain
1431:
1426:
1396:
1391:
1311:
1208:
1202:
1169:
1142:
1123:
1104:
1078:
1069:
1057:Cassini–Huygens
1028:Voyager program
1007:Pioneer program
995:
986:
944:
939:
938:
923:
919:
910:
909:
905:
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886:
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768:
759:
753:
749:
741:
737:
732:
713:
679:
667:nuclear fission
644:
594:
592:Mission profile
563:
489:
477:Lockheed Martin
467:astrobiological
465:and assess its
402:fission reactor
382:
337:
331:
281:
261:
249:
210:Baseline (2005)
208:
194:
160:
158:Fully deployed:
140:
138:Reactor module:
136:
134:
122:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
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2936:
2934:
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2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2901:Europa Clipper
2897:
2888:
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2881:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
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2843:
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2802:
2799:
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2796:
2795:
2789:
2787:
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2782:
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2779:
2777:Memphis Facula
2773:
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2763:
2757:
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2751:
2750:
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2747:
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2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2686:Impact craters
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2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2653:
2649:
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2641:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Galilean moons
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2530:Europa Clipper
2525:
2523:
2519:
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2516:
2515:
2508:
2501:
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2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2157:Europa Clipper
2152:
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1601:Europa Clipper
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1452:Conamara Chaos
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1316:Related topics
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1280:New Horizons 2
1277:
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1245:Europa Orbiter
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1155:Europa Clipper
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:(JUICE) (2023)
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
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942:External links
940:
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809:on May 6, 2010
788:
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701:Europa Clipper
678:
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593:
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552:Delta IV Heavy
548:
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518:
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512:
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488:
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429:Hall thrusters
394:ion propulsion
381:
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339:
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325:
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318:
317:
311:
307:
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299:
298:
294:
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280:September 2025
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260:September 2025
258:
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220:Cape Canaveral
217:
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206:Delta IV Heavy
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2745:Galileo Regio
2743:
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2100:
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2067:
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2059:
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2046:
2027:
2026:Danube Planum
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
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1962:
1961:
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1911:
1909:
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1628:
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1625:Europa Lander
1623:
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1618:
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1615:
1611:
1602:
1599:
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1234:
1231:
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1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:Europa Lander
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
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1138:
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1130:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
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1111:
1107:
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1054:
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1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
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1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
983:
978:
976:
971:
969:
964:
963:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
932:
928:
921:
913:
907:
891:
884:
869:
865:
858:
843:
839:
835:
827:
825:
805:
798:
792:
774:
767:
766:
758:
751:
744:
739:
735:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
708:
706:
705:Europa Lander
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:
674:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
652:
649:
639:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
614:
610:
603:
598:
589:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
555:
553:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
506:
501:
493:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
444:radionuclides
441:
436:
434:
430:
425:
424:transmitter.
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
386:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:
352:
348:
347:
335:
330:
329:
323:
319:
316:
313:4 x 250
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
287:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
255:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
221:
218:
214:
207:
204:
200:
192:
188:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
156:
152:
148:
144:
130:
126:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
31:
26:
22:
2925:
2899:
2873:
2868:New Horizons
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2598:Colonization
2557:
2528:
2510:
2505:New Horizons
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2426:Gomul Catena
2194:
2155:
2137:
2121:New Horizons
2119:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2089:
2075:
2068:
1634:
1576:New Horizons
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1299:
1269:
1215:
1194:
1180:
1161:
1153:
1134:
1116:
1097:
1090:
1064:New Horizons
1062:
1055:
1049:
1039:
1032:
1018:
1011:
930:
920:
906:
894:. Retrieved
892:. Space News
883:
871:. Retrieved
867:
857:
845:. Retrieved
811:. Retrieved
804:the original
791:
780:, retrieved
773:the original
764:
750:
738:
698:
687:
680:
660:
653:
645:
642:Cancellation
637:
618:
615:
611:
607:
579:
564:
471:
463:habitability
458:
456:
452:Solar System
437:
426:
391:
350:
345:
344:
342:
333:
326:
297:Transponders
146:Payload mass
106:Manufacturer
64:Mission type
43:
29:
25:
2815:Exploration
2793:Enki Catena
2761:Uruk Sulcus
2448:Exploration
2049:Exploration
1957:/ Volcanoes
1811:Kinich Ahau
1750:Quadrangles
1523:Exploration
1348:Exploration
847:October 11,
216:Launch site
190:Launch date
116:Launch mass
2971:Categories
2834:Pioneer 11
2829:Pioneer 10
2470:Pioneer 11
2463:Pioneer 10
2349:Omolʹ
2077:Pioneer 11
2070:Pioneer 10
1979:Prometheus
1846:Prometheus
1542:Pioneer 11
1537:Pioneer 10
1207:Cancelled,
1013:Pioneer 10
931:Space News
813:October 1,
730:References
481:Boeing IDS
358:spacecraft
310:TWTA power
248:April 2021
154:Dimensions
2931:Laplace-P
2914:Cancelled
2847:Voyager 2
2840:Voyager 1
2551:Cancelled
2539:Tianwen-4
2484:Voyager 2
2477:Voyager 1
2354:Tornarsuk
2098:Voyager 2
2091:Voyager 1
1955:Volcanism
1906:Mountains
1896:Viracocha
1881:Thomagata
1806:Kami-Nari
1771:Amaterasu
1740:Mountains
1613:Cancelled
1555:Voyager 2
1548:Voyager 1
1290:Pioneer H
1275:Laplace-P
1163:Tianwen-4
1034:Voyager 1
868:Space.com
623:and then
440:radiation
305:10-Mbit/s
302:Bandwidth
171:kilowatts
169:200
88:Cancelled
2694:Achelous
2645:Ganymede
2396:Valhalla
2371:Heimdall
2277:Callisto
2172:Proposed
1891:Tvashtar
1801:Gish Bar
1365:Callisto
1360:Ganymede
1209:concepts
1128:En route
1101:(active)
1083:Orbiters
896:July 10,
782:July 15,
711:See also
694:Ariane 5
625:Ganymede
621:Callisto
374:Callisto
370:Ganymede
128:Dry mass
75:Operator
2885:Planned
2854:Galileo
2786:Catenae
2770:Faculae
2738:Regions
2704:Epigeus
2652:Geology
2491:Galileo
2418:Catenae
2319:Adlinda
2312:Craters
2284:Geology
2131:Current
2114:Cassini
2107:Galileo
2003:Fluctūs
1964:Amirani
1945:Tawhaki
1924:Silpium
1876:Tawhaki
1786:Dazhbog
1766:Ah Peku
1759:Paterae
1735:Regions
1720:Geology
1586:Planned
1562:Galileo
1462:Craters
1437:Geology
1301:Trident
1285:OKEANOS
1185:(2020s)
1182:Shensuo
1117:Galileo
1091:Galileo
1050:Ulysses
993:Jupiter
873:June 6,
586:Brayton
406:Brayton
283:Planned
272:orbiter
263:Planned
251:Planned
240:orbiter
238:Jupiter
223:SLC-37B
196:Planned
70:orbiter
68:Jupiter
2905:(2024)
2895:(2023)
2729:Nergal
2714:Khensu
2542:(2029)
2534:(2024)
2522:Future
2381:Keelut
2359:Utgard
2329:Asgard
1994:Zamama
1969:Masubi
1919:Euboea
1871:Svarog
1866:Shango
1861:Reiden
1851:Pyerun
1841:Pillan
1831:Mithra
1781:Babbar
1604:(2024)
1596:(2023)
1429:Europa
1355:Europa
1199:(2036)
1191:(2025)
1166:(2029)
1158:(2024)
1000:Flybys
629:Europa
366:Europa
270:Europa
202:Rocket
2944:Other
2754:Sulci
2724:Neith
2719:Kittu
2659:Lists
2576:Other
2406:Mimir
2401:Egdir
2391:Tindr
2376:Jalkr
2344:Njord
2324:Arcas
2291:Lists
2223:Other
1929:Tohil
1914:Egypt
1886:Tupan
1836:Monan
1821:Manua
1796:Fuchi
1791:Estan
1728:Lists
1658:Other
1484:Lists
1475:Cilix
1470:Pwyll
1295:SMARA
1119:Probe
807:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
769:(PDF)
760:(PDF)
656:Earth
418:radar
412:- or
410:solar
315:watts
166:Power
52:Names
2956:Life
2875:Juno
2822:Past
2709:Gula
2593:Life
2455:Past
2386:Lofn
2334:Burr
2235:Life
2210:FIRE
2139:Juno
2057:Past
1989:Thor
1984:Surt
1974:Pele
1826:Maui
1816:Loki
1776:Asha
1665:Life
1530:Past
1250:FIRE
1217:Argo
1098:Juno
898:2020
875:2007
849:2022
838:NASA
815:2013
784:2015
648:NASA
602:NASA
584:and
479:and
457:The
448:RTGs
422:data
404:. A
372:and
355:NASA
351:JIMO
343:The
79:NASA
55:JIMO
44:JIMO
2366:Hár
2339:Doh
991:to
842:DOE
575:DOE
2973::
2699:El
1856:Ra
1712:Io
1343:Io
1020:11
929:.
866:.
836:.
823:^
762:,
673:.
633:Io
577:.
454:.
2637:e
2630:t
2623:v
2269:e
2262:t
2255:v
1704:e
1697:t
1690:v
1421:e
1414:t
1407:v
1041:2
981:e
974:t
967:v
933:.
900:.
877:.
851:.
840:/
817:.
604:)
349:(
23:.
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