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534:. The valley's natural caves, being comfortless, scattered, and difficult to access, provided monks and hermits sufficiently isolated and inhospitable conditions to live out Christian solitude, contemplation, and devotion. Many of the caves and irregularities in the cliff-sides were adapted to serve as individual dwellings (cells), chapels, and monasteries, and such buildings were further carved out of the cliff faces of the valley. Some have interiors covered with frescoes and facades. Around the caves there are terraced fields made by the hermits for growing grain, grapes, and olives.
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in the 15th century and remained so for 500 years. In the 17th century, the
Maronite monks’ reputation for piety was promoted through the Maronite school founded in Rome in 1584. by dint of this exposure, many European poets, historians, geographers, politicians, and clergy visited and even settled
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The valley is at risk due to the encroachment of human settlement, illegal building, and inconsistent conservation activity. Although it is not on the UNESCO "in danger" list, there have been warnings that continued violations may lead to this step.
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Other monastic establishments in the
Qadisha are the Monastery of Mar Girgis, with the Chapel of Mar Challita, the Monastery of Mar Yuhanna, the Monastery of Mar Abun, with the Hermitage of Mar Sarkis, and the Monastery of Mart Moura,
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in 375AD, it is more likely that it was established by a disciple of St
Theodosius the Cenobite. For the most part it is cut into the rock cliff side - monastic cells, church, cloister, and accommodation for travelers.
325:. The sides of the valley are steep cliffs that contain many caves, often at more than 1,000 m and all difficult of access. The most scenic section of the valley stretches for approximately 20 km between
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led campaigns in 1268 and 1283, respectively, against the fortress-caves, monasteries, and the surrounding villages. Despite these attacks, the Deir
Qannubin monastery was to become the seat of the
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established their new center at
Qannubin, in the heart of the Qadisha, and monasteries quickly spread over the surrounding hills. Early Maronite settlement in the valley combined both community and
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Valley (Ouadi Houlat). They include the hermitage-monastery complexes of Deir es-Salib, Mar
Antonios, Mar Semaane, and Mar Assia, along with the isolated chapels of Mar Bohna and Mar Chmouna.
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Saydet Hawqa is situated at an altitude of 1150m between
Qannubin and Qozhaya Monasteries, at the base of an enormous cave. It was founded in the late 13th century by villagers from
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Abi Aoun B., Baroudy F., Ghaouch A. Khawaja P and alias Momies du Liban: Rapport préliminaire sur la découverte archaéologique de 'Asi-al-Hadat (XIIIe siècle), France, Édifra, 1994
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581:(Deir Mar Antonios Qozhaya (دير مارانطﻮنيوﺱ ﻗﺰحيا)) sits on the opposite flank of the Qadisha from Qannubin Monastery. Tradition has its foundation in the 4th century by
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because of its importance as the site of some of the earliest
Christian monastic settlements in the world, and its continued example of Christian faith.
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Mar Lishaa or St Elisha (دير مار ﺃليشع), mentioned first in the 14th century, is shared by two communities, a
Maronite solitary order and the Barefoot
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scientific organisation in the
Qadisha Valley between 1989 and 1991. These were found in the 'Asi-al Hadath cave along with a wealth of artifacts.
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order. It consists of three or four small cells, a refectory, and some offices; the communal church includes four chapels cut into the rock-face.
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698:. Next to it, another church dedicated to Our Lady was constructed in 1198 A.D. Several buildings were added from 1404 till 1690, when Patriarch
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1116:"The Maronite Monastery of St. Anthony at Qozhaya Issues the Qozhaya Psalter, the First Book Printed in the Arab World History of Information"
1955:
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as it is in the vicinity of the Mar Sarkis source, the main contributor to the Qlaynsieh River which joins the Qannubin River in the valley.
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of villagers dating back to around 1283 A.D. were uncovered by Fadi Baroudy, Pierre Abi Aoun, Paul Kahawaja & Antoine Ghaouch, a team of
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549:(Deir Qannubin (دير قنوبين)), is on the northeast side of the Qadisha Valley. Although its foundation is often attributed to the Emperor
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The monastery is also home to the first printing press of the Middle East that was invented in 1610. The book printed was a bilingual
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and Hadath El Jebbeh. Given its exceptional location overlooking the valley at an altitude of 1500m, the monastery is called
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Kadisha Valley lies west of the Forest of the Cedars of God, (situated on the mountain above), survivors of the ancient
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periods. Since the early days of Christianity the valley has served as a refuge for those in search of solitude. The
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1092:"Qadisha Valley in Lebanon: The Forest of the Cedars of God (horsh arz el-rab), Ouadi Qadisha (The Holy Valley)"
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communities for many centuries. The valley is located at the foot of Mount al-Makmal in northern Lebanon.
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The Kadisha (Holy) Valley is the site of some of the most ancient Christian monastic communities of the
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in a small folio of 260 pages. The psalms are arranged in two columns, on the right is the text in
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357:) is described in ancient works on botany as the oldest tree in the world. It was admired by the
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While there are numerous monasteries in the valley, there are several main monastic complexes:
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Qadisha Valley's natural caves have been used as shelters and for burials since the
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and on the left in Arabic, but written in Syriac letters, which is known as
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and others. There is another group of monasteries in the adjoining
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UNESCO Threatens to Remove Qadisha Valley from World Heritage List
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characters. Also this printing press was the first to print in
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in the Kadisha Valley, and in 1610 printed its first book, the
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958:"Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of Cedars"
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was built in the mid 8th Century A.D. on the ruins of a
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Since the fifteenth century, Qannubin started to be the
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Patriarch Estephan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
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The monastery of Mar Elisha is perched on the cliff.
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period. The Aassi Hauqqa (cave) in particular, near
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1151:(includes a brochure with photo gallery and map)
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878:List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab states
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2017:Rachid Karami International Fair–Tripoli
2009:(the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the
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675:(Saints Sergius and Bacchus). The name
389:One of the caves in the Qadisha Valley.
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1180:Wadi Qannoubine, Kadisha Valley in 360
686:The first church of Saints Sarkis and
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203:Kadisha Valley (West and Central Asia)
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174:Location of Kadisha Valley in Lebanon
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850:Monastery of Mar Sarkis Ras Al Nahr
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16:Valley in North Governate, Lebanon
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743:Towns, villages, and monasteries
702:restored part of the buildings.
573:Monastery of Qozhaya - July 2003
510:added the valley to the list of
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975:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
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904:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
278:. The valley was carved by the
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615:Monastery of Our Lady of Hawqa
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962:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
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1160:Horsh Ehden Natural Reserve
947:Nahar Net, 20 May 10, 08:03
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669:the Watchful Eye of Qadisha
561:of the Maronite Patriarch.
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1165:Zgharta-Ehden Municipality
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86:Cultural: (iii)(iv)
1888:Rvd. Seemaan El Douaihy
802:Monastery of Qannoubine
706:Monastery of Mar Lishaa
653:Monastery of Mar Sarkis
639:Monastery of Mar Sarkis
397:Kadisha Valley in 2024.
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1977:World Heritage Sites
1834:History of Kfarsghab
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846:Monastery of Qozhaya
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551:Theodosius the Great
512:World Heritage Sites
454:Monastery of Qozhaya
282:, also known as the
1906:Estephan El Douaihy
1884:Youssef Salim Karam
1856:Estephan El Douaihy
1434:Anthony Peter Arida
585:, in honour of the
502:World Heritage Site
333:), the hometown of
298:. It has sheltered
178:Show map of Lebanon
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73:(Horsh Arz el-Rab)
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2013:(Horsh Arz el-Rab)
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1028:. 6 December 1989.
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1185:Ehden Family Tree
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270:Districts of the
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136:34.250°N 35.950°E
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228:Kadisha Valley
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2011:Cedars of God
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355:Cedrus Libani
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345:Cedars of God
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335:Kahlil Gibran
328:
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280:Kadisha River
277:
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260:Ouadi Qadisha
257:
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248:Kadisha Gorge
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30:
27:Ouadi Qadisha
22:
2006:
1915:Jawad Boulos
1892:Nayla Moawad
1802:
1626:Harf Miziara
1494:
1392:
1239:
1124:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1048:. Retrieved
1046:. 2021-12-14
1043:
1034:
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921:
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858:
816:
808:
756:
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729:
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685:
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676:
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650:
625:Palaeolithic
618:
598:
576:
556:
544:
536:
529:
505:
485:
430:
403:Palaeolithic
400:
354:
348:
316:
307:
295:
284:Nahr Abu Ali
283:
252:Wadi Kadisha
251:
247:
243:
227:
226:
21:Rieti Valley
1871:René Moawad
1691:Kfarshakhna
1281:Bekaa Kafra
1276:Beit Minzer
1144:Qadisha.org
776:, Bazaoun,
677:Ras Al Nahr
583:St Hilarion
532:Middle East
450:Middle East
369:temples in
296:Holy Valley
236:وادي قاديشا
139: /
114:Coordinates
104:1998 (22nd
101:Inscription
2037:Categories
1854:Patriarch
1701:Kfaryachit
1671:Kfardlakos
1666:Karmsaddeh
1661:Karahbache
1621:Harf Ardeh
1571:Beit Obeid
1566:Beit Awkar
1516:Aintourine
1408:Qannoubine
1271:Barhalyoun
1101:2024-08-12
1077:2024-08-12
1050:2024-08-12
884:References
834:Aintourine
782:Bqaa Kafra
464:. It used
359:Israelites
319:holy river
1706:Kfarzeina
1686:Kfarsghab
1681:Kfarhawra
1561:Bchennine
1556:Basloukit
1493:Capital:
1296:Bqarqacha
1238:Capital:
826:Kfarsghab
778:Bqarqacha
720:Carmelite
692:Canaanite
661:Kfarsghab
590:anchorite
506:In 1998,
494:from the
472:language
375:Justinian
371:Jerusalem
329:(Arabic:
313:Geography
300:Christian
240:romanized
91:Reference
1751:Rachiine
1726:Mejdlaya
1696:Kfarhata
1641:Houmeiss
1611:Fraydiss
997:Archived
867:See also
786:Braissat
609:Garshuni
587:Egyptian
435:sultans
426:eremitic
419:Maronite
415:medieval
365:and the
303:monastic
238:), also
82:Criteria
51:Location
1997:Baalbek
1981:Lebanon
1827:History
1776:Zgharta
1756:Raskifa
1736:Miziara
1731:Miriata
1676:Kfarfou
1656:Kadrieh
1651:Jdaydeh
1586:Bnachii
1576:Besbeel
1541:Ashashe
1496:Zgharta
1361:Qnaywer
1336:Hasroun
1331:Hadchit
1306:Bsharri
1291:Blaouza
1256:Aabdine
1241:Bsharri
794:Blaouza
790:Hadchit
774:Hasroun
758:Bsharri
737:Hadchit
601:Psalter
488:mummies
460:in the
441:Qalaoun
437:Baibars
433:Mameluk
381:History
327:Bsharri
292:Aramaic
288:Tripoli
276:Lebanon
268:Zgharta
264:Bsharri
242:as the
222:Bsharri
127:35°57′E
124:34°15′N
106:Session
95:850-001
75:Bsharri
66:Part of
60:Lebanon
2002:Byblos
1766:Sereel
1761:Sebhel
1741:Sakhra
1596:Daraya
1591:Bousit
1551:Asnoun
1546:Aslout
1511:Aarjes
1366:Tourza
1321:El-Arz
1316:Dimane
1301:Brisat
1266:Bazoun
838:Sereel
798:Hadath
770:Tourza
762:Dimane
688:Bakhos
679:means
631:, and
605:Syriac
508:UNESCO
470:Arabic
466:Syriac
428:life.
413:, and
367:Second
256:French
232:Arabic
1992:Anjar
1771:Toula
1636:Hilan
1631:Hawqa
1606:Ejbeh
1601:Ehden
1536:Ardeh
1521:Aitou
1311:Chira
1286:Billa
909:(PDF)
830:Hawqa
822:Ehden
733:Ehden
696:Dagan
657:Ehden
629:Roman
621:Hawqa
496:GERSL
422:monks
411:Roman
407:Hawqa
363:First
339:طورزا
2022:Tyre
1646:Iaal
1526:Alma
1356:Qnat
1261:Bane
766:Bane
665:Bane
651:The
577:The
545:The
439:and
431:The
331:بشري
317:The
266:and
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855:Map
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559:See
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254:(
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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