298:
could be notified. Many of them were at work at the time. That morning, Shadmi, who was in charge of the
Triangle, received orders to take all precautionary measures to ensure quiet on the Jordanian border. On Shadmi's initiative, the official nightly curfew in the twelve villages under his jurisdiction was changed from the regular hours. Shadmi then gathered all the border patrol battalion commanders under his command, and reportedly ordered them to 'shoot on sight' any villagers violating the curfew. Once the order was given, the commander of one of Shadmi's battalions, Major Shmuel Malinki, who was in charge of the Border Guard unit at the village of Kafr Qasim, asked Shadmi on how to react to those villagers who were unaware of the curfew.
522:
403:. On October 16, 1958, eight of them were found guilty and sentenced to prison terms ranging from seven to 17 years. Malinki received the longest sentence of 17 years, while Dahan was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. The court placed great emphasis on the fundamental responsibility of Shadmi, though the latter was not a defendant. Shadmi was subsequently charged as well, but his separate court hearing (February 29, 1959) found him innocent of murder and only guilty of extending the curfew without authority. His symbolic punishment, a fine of 10
72:
216:, to be placed under a wartime curfew. The border policemen who were involved in the shooting were brought to trial and found guilty and sentenced to prison terms ranging from 7 to 17 years. The brigade commander was sentenced to pay the symbolic fine of 10 prutot (old Israeli cents). The Israeli court found that the command to kill civilians was "blatantly illegal". However, all of the sentences were later reduced, with some of those convicted receiving presidential pardons. All of those convicted had been released by November 1959.
290:
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341:(mayor) of Kafr Qasim was informed of the new time. He asked what would happen to the about 400 villagers working outside the village in the fields that were not aware of the new time. An officer assured him that they would be taken care of. When word of the curfew change was sent, most returned immediately, but others did not.
411:(one Israeli cent), became a standard metaphor in Israeli polemic debate. The fact that other local commanders realised they had to disobey Shadmi's order was cited by the court as one of the reasons for denying Dahan's claim that he had no choice. None of the officers served out the terms of their sentences.
364:
No villagers in other villages under Shadmi's control were shot, because local commanders gave direct orders to disobey Shadmi's and
Malinki's orders by holding fire. For example, Yehuda Frankental who, on his own initiative, refused Shadmi's orders. Jaim Levi, however, did not directly refuse orders
625:
The townspeople of Kafr Qasim annually observe the massacre and several memorial monuments have been raised since 1976. According to Tamir Sorek, the
Israeli government financially supported the first monument in 1976 in order to ensure sanitized non-political language. Therefore, the inscription on
594:
as a "charade" which villagers were highly pressurized to participate in, designed to position the conflict "within a contrived history of symmetrical violence between Arabs and Jews," staged by the government for the purpose of escaping its responsibilities and lightening the weight of the court's
463:
by request of Ben-Gurion. A similar opinion is held by historian Adam Raz, who described the massacre as pre-planned and part of an
Operation which would result in the expulsion of the Arab Israelis from the region. Shadmi described his trial as staged so as to "keep Israelās security and political
433:
In 2017, historian Adam Raz appealed to the military appellate tribunal for release of documents relating to the massacre, including the trial minutes. In 2021, the tribunal refused the request and imposed a gag order on the entire case, even including the fact that a ruling had been made. One year
421:
pardoned many and reduced some sentences to 5 years each. Finally, the
Committee for the Release of Prisoners ordered the remission of one third of the prison sentences, resulting in all the convicted persons being out of prison by November 1959. Soon after his release, Malinki was promoted and put
504:
The hallmark of manifest illegality is that it must wave like a black flag over the given order, a warning that says: "forbidden!" Not formal illegality, obscure or partially obscure, not illegality that can be discerned only by legal scholars, is important here, but rather, the clear and obvious
344:
Between 5 p.m. and 6:30 p.m., in nine separate shooting incidents, the platoon led by Lt. Gabriel Dahan that was stationed in Kafr Qasim all together killed nineteen men, six women, ten teenage boys (age 14ā17), six girls (age 12ā15), and seven young boys (age 8ā13), who did not make it home
309:
is to be killed but what about the fate of the Arab civilians? And they may come back to the village in the evening from the valley, from settlements or from the fields, and won't know about the curfew in the village ā I suppose I am to have sentries at the approaches to the village? To this Col.
297:
On
October 29, 1956, the Israeli army ordered that all Arab villages near the Jordanian border be placed under a wartime curfew from 5 p.m. to 6 a.m. on the following day. Any Arab on the streets was to be shot. The order was given to border police units before most of the Arabs from the villages
537:
As recently as 2021, attempts to have the massacre officially recognized in Israel have failed. A bill presented by the Joint List to achieve that end was overwhelming defeated in a
Knesset vote on 26 October 2021, with a 93/12 voting majority. The proposed bill, which was opposed by Kfar Qasim
505:
violation of law .... Illegality that pierces the eye and revolts the heart, if the eye is not blind and the heart is not impenetrable or corruptāthis is the measure of manifest illegality needed to override the soldier's duty to obey and to impose on him criminal liability for his action.
613:
apologised for the massacre. During a reception in the village for the Muslim festival of Eid al-Adha, Peres said that he came to Kafr Qasem to ask the villagers for forgiveness. "A terrible event happened here in the past, and we are very sorry for it," he said. The founder of the
542:, also included provisions to incorporate information on the incident in school syllabuses and for the declassification of all archival documents related to it. On November 20, 1957, 400 distinguished guests and representatives from different sectors of Israeli society, including
333:
Malinki issued a similar order to the reserve forces attached to his battalion, shortly before the curfew was enforced: "No inhabitants shall be allowed to leave his home during the curfew. Anyone leaving his home shall be shot; there shall be no arrests." (ibid., p. 141)
626:
the first monument describes the massacre merely as a āpainful tragedyā without mentioning who was responsible for it. Later expressions of spatial commemoration have been much more explicit about this aspect. A museum dealing with the events was opened on
October 29, 2006.
837:
Ronnie May
Olesker, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts University). International Law and Organization. The value of security vs. the security of values: The relationship between the rights of the minority and the security of the majority in Israel. 2007. p.
595:
verdict, making the ceremony itself "part of the crime that
Palestinians commemorate today." In a 2008 academic article, Professor Susan Slyomovics corroborates this perspective on a ceremony "forced upon the villagers." In this paper, Slyomovics notably relies upon
442:
that "the degree of imbecility of this decision is so great, that no further comment is needed." In May 2022, following the negative publicity, the court permitted publication of the ruling and many, but not all, of the primary documents related to the massacre.
488:. The judges decided that soldiers do not have the obligation to examine each and every order in detail as to its legality, nor were they entitled to disobey orders merely on a subjective feeling that they might be illegal. On the other hand, some orders were
226:
Issachar (Yissachar) "Yiska" Shadmiāthe highest-ranking official prosecuted for the massacreāstated, shortly before his death, that he believed that his trial was staged to protect members of the Israeli political and military elite, including Prime Minister
356:
The many injured were left unattended, and could not be succoured by their families because of the 24-hour curfew. The dead were collected and buried in a mass grave by Arabs, taken for that purpose, from the nearby village of
3677:
305:' anyone who left his house would be shot. It would be best if on the first night there were 'a few like that' and on the following nights they would be more careful. I asked: in the light of that, I can understand that a
471:
The trial transcript, released for publication in 2022, reveals that company commanders were briefed before the start of hostilities that there was an official plan to push the inhabitants of Kafr Qasim across the
923:
396:. To limit publicity, a military cordon was maintained around the village for months, preventing journalists from approaching. David Ben-Gurion made his first public reference to the incident on November 12.
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1331:
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managed to enter the village two weeks later and investigate the rumours. However, it took two months of lobbying by them and the press before the government lifted the media blackout imposed by
637:
to attend the annual commemorations for the fallen at Kfar Qasim. He called it an 'atrocious massacre', 'a terrible crime' that weighed heavily on the collective conscience of the State of Israel.
32:
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599:'s testimony, which concluded: "Until today in Kafr Qasim, there is no one who agrees with the manner of treatment of the government of Israel concerning the massacre and its consequences."
2226:
1418:
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606:, the education minister in Israel, ordered schools around the country to observe the Kafr Qasim massacre and to reflect upon the need to disobey illegal orders. In December 2007,
277:
brigade commander Colonel Yissachar Shadmi, were ordered to prepare the defense of a section close to the border officially known as the Central District, and colloquially as
868:
310:
Issachar replied in crystal clear words, 'I don't want sentimentality and I don't want arrests, there will be no arrests'. I said: 'Even though?'. To that he answered me in
1312:
2650:
920:
231:, from taking responsibility for the massacre. The purpose was to portray the perpetrators as a group of rogue soldiers, rather than people acting under higher orders.
2065:
554:
officials, and notable members from neighboring Arab villages, held a reconciliation ceremony in memory of the victims at Kafr Qasim. The ceremony was designed as a "
562:
clan-based conflict resolution custom. The government subsequently distributed reparations to the family of the victims. At that time, the mainstream press (such as
399:
Following public protests, eleven Border Police officers and soldiers involved in the massacre were court-martialed for murder. The trial was presided over by Judge
1274:
349:'We talked to them. We asked if they wanted our identity cards. They didn't. Suddenly one of them said, 'Cut them down' ā and they opened fire on us like a flood.'
1854:
414:
The court of appeal (April 3, 1959) reduced Malinki's sentence to 14 years and Dahan's to 10. The Chief of Staff further reduced them to 10 and 8 years, then the
353:
One Israeli soldier, Shalom Ofer, later admitted: 'We acted like Germans, automatically, we didn't think', but never expressed remorse or regret for his actions.
1899:
2775:
451:
Approximately 1/3 of the court hearings were held in secret, and the transcript was not published until July 2022. According to journalists Tzvi Joffre and
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269:, and major Arab population centers were governed by military administrations divided into several districts. As such, several battalions of the
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The new curfew regulations were imposed in the absence of the laborers, who were at work and unaware of the new rules. At 4.30 p.m., the
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parties) who denounced it as a fraud. In a 2006 academic article focusing on the massacre's commemoration, Shira Robinson considers the
3878:
3853:
622:, also spoke at the ceremony and called on religious leaders on both sides to build bridges between the Israelis and the Palestinians.
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2051:
1731:
Leora Y. Bilsky, Transformative Justice: Israeli Identity on Trial (Law, Meaning, and Violence), University of Michigan Press, 2004,
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The military censor imposed a total ban on newspaper reportage on the massacre. Nonetheless, news of the incident leaked out after
817:
3781:
2838:
1840:
1652:
Shira Robinson, Local struggle, national struggle: Palestinian responses to the Kafr Qasim massacre and its aftermath, 1956ā66,
1527:
392:. The government started an internal inquiry on November 1 involving, among others, the Criminal Investigations Division of the
323:
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to the Jordanian-occupied village of Tira. For this purpose, checkpoints were not placed on the eastern side of Kafr Qasim.
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before curfew. One survivor, Jamal Farij, recalls arriving at the entrance to the village in a truck with 28 passengers:
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The Kafr Qasim trial considered for the first time the issue of when Israeli security personnel are required to disobey
3341:
3319:
2216:
2001:
468:, and GOC Central Command (and later chief of staff) Tzvi Tzur ā from having to take responsibility for the massacre."
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587:
374:
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3235:
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27:
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3569:
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1989:
679:
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2201:
2019:
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3202:
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459:("mole") to expel Israeli Arabs of the Little Triangle in case of a war with Jordan, apparently planned by
3441:
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Shadmi, however, denied that the matter of the returnees ever came up in his conversation with Malinki.
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1977:
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later, it became legal to note the existence of a ruling, but not its content. Former state archivist
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3275:
3144:
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1441:"āØ×××Øā© | Page 1 | 21 November 1957 | Newspapers | the National Library of Israel"
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262:'s side. Acting on this intelligence, soldiers were stationed along the Israeli-Jordanian frontier.
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3452:
3307:
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2914:
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One of those convicted, Gabriel Dahan, was later placed in charge of "Arab Affairs" by the city of
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1935:
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361:. When the curfew ended, the wounded were picked up from the streets and trucked to hospitals.
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1941:
1662:"Chapter 4: Commemorations under Fire: Palestinian Responses to the 1956 Kafr Qasim Massacre"
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Arabic Thought Against the Authoritarian Age: Towards an Intellectual History of the Present
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M. R. Lippman, Humanitarian Law: The Development and Scope of the Superior Orders Defense,
1503:
Susan Slyomovics is Professor of Anthropology and Near Eastern Languages & Cultures at
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8:
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2892:
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869:"General's Final Confession Links 1956 Massacre to Israel's Secret Plan to Expel Arabs"
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574:) gives a favorable account of the ceremony, unlike the Arabic-language press (such as
1923:
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2821:
2689:
2387:
2236:
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1732:
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1313:"Kafr Qasem Massacre: Israel Makes Decision on Historic Docs. That's All We Can Say"
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1929:
1911:
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389:
228:
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1513:
1111:
921:'Israel Shoots Down Bill to Officially Recognize 1956 Massacre of Arab Citizens ,'
897:
780:"Court documents shed new light on Israeli massacre of Palestinians in Kafr Qasem"
509:
The incident was partly responsible for gradual changes in Israel's policy toward
3126:
3067:
2959:
2867:
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1917:
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Modernism and the Middle East: architecture and politics in the twentieth century
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2007:
1947:
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596:
529:
200:. On 29 October 1956, the Israeli army ordered that all Arab villages near the
1691:"Chapter 8: Palestinian Remembrance Days and Plans. Kafr Qasim, Fact and Echo"
1469:
Shira Robinson is Assistant Professor of History and International Affairs at
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2600:
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2565:
2560:
2505:
2500:
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2110:
1040:
Philosophical Foundations of International Criminal Law: Correlating Thinkers
752:
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460:
255:
23:
1631:'Rivlin remembers 1956 Kafr Qasem massacre: A terrible crime was committed'
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2535:
2510:
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2402:
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Judaisms: A Twenty-First-Century Introduction to Jews and Jewish Identities
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381:
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but allowed his platoon commanders to exercise their own moral judgement.
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of which they were unaware, imposed earlier in the day on the eve of the
48:
760:
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2337:
2317:
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1983:
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603:
426:. In 1960, Dahan was placed in charge of "Arab Affairs" by the city of
239:
174:
97:
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Palestinian Commemoration in Israel: Calendars, Monuments, and Martyrs
1146:
1144:
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2447:
2266:
1717:
1201:
Israel and Its Arab Minority, 1948ā2008: Dialogue, Protest, Violence,
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358:
258:, Israel's intelligence service expected Jordan to enter the war on
242:
bill to have the massacre officially recognized was rejected in the
56:
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139:
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543:
439:
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338:
243:
1332:"Sealed Protocols From 1956 Kafr Qasem Massacre to Be Published"
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elite ā including Prime Minister Ben-Gurion, IDF Chief of Staff
2115:
1591:"Islamic Movement head: We're staying in Israel, dead or alive"
1536:
319:
311:
209:
186:
101:
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265:
From 1949 to 1966, Arab citizens were regarded by Israel as a
196:
From 1949 to 1966, Arab citizens were regarded by Israel as a
2160:
2155:
1419:"Jews and Arabs Hold Feast of Reconciliation in Arab Village"
988:
Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question ā palquest
804:"48 human beings were massacred ā and we have forgotten them"
737:"Zionist Politics and the Law: The Meaning of the Green Line"
583:
571:
547:
427:
259:
220:
818:"President Peres apologizes for Kafr Qasem massacre of 1956"
16:
1956 massacre of Arab civilians by the Israeli Border Police
3859:
Massacres in Israel during the IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
1617:
1504:
1485:
182:
1272:'Rivlin condemns 'terrible crime' of Kfar Kassem massacre'
898:
President Peres apologizes for Kafr Qasem massacre of 1956
455:, the court received descriptions of a secret plan called
633:, keeping an electoral promise, became the first sitting
546:
members, cabinet ministers, members from the then ruling
238:
formally apologised for the massacre. In October 2021, a
1763:
Israel Military Court of Appeal, judgment (translated),
1354:"IDF releases court documents from Kafr Kassem massacre"
438:, who is familiar with the material sought by Raz, told
1666:
Memory and violence in the Middle East and North Africa
1451:
702:. New York, New York: Praeger Publishers. p. 356.
513:. By 1966, the military administration was abolished.
2642:
1697:. University of Washington Press. pp. 186ā220.
1380:
660:
Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine War
1745:, The Arabs in Israel, Monthly Review Press, 1977,
1862:
1136:Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood,
1065:Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood,
1787:50 years after massacre, Kafr Qasem wants answers
1400:"What Is Sulha? Archives ā Sulha Research Center"
1112:50 years after massacre, Kafr Qasem wants answers
1037:Bergsmo, Morten; Buis, Emiliano J. (2018-11-30).
3830:
2073:
1688:
1542:
1828:Kafr Qasim documents from the Israeli archives
1668:. Indiana University Press. pp. 103ā132.
893:
891:
2059:
1848:
1664:. In Ussama Makdisi, Paul Silverstein (ed.).
1589:Yuli Kromchenko and Yoav Stern (2006-10-29).
500:'s words, still much-quoted today, were that
193:, including 19 men, 6 women and 23 children.
1654:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1608:President makes history at massacre ceremony
1231:
1006:
984:"Palestinians Under Military Rule in Israel"
866:
3737:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany
3267:
3188:
1693:. In Sandy Isenstadt, Kishwar Rizvi (ed.).
1561:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
1329:
1310:
1036:
888:
538:resident and Regional Cooperation Minister
78:
2066:
2052:
1855:
1841:
1689:Slyomovics, Susan; Khleif, Waleed (2008).
915:
913:
318:, which I understood as equivalent to the
55:
1347:
1345:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1194:
1192:
796:
422:in charge of security for the top secret
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3014:
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2849:
2748:
2674:
1720:, The Seventh Million, Owl Books, 2000,
1659:
1491:
1457:
1386:
1259:Robinson (2003), p. 411; Bilsky, p. 193.
1234:Red and Blue ā A Corps's Story 1948ā2008
1007:Hanssen, Jens; Weiss, Max (2018-02-15).
730:
728:
528:
520:
288:
3782:There was no such thing as Palestinians
3413:
1765:Palestine Yearbook of International Law
1323:
1225:
1067:Cambridge University Press, 2005 p. 172
910:
446:
185:civilians returning from work during a
61:Memorial for the massacre at Kafr Qasim
3831:
1351:
1342:
1297:
1267:
1265:
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734:
234:In December 2007, President of Israel
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2085:
2047:
1836:
1554:
1152:"Kafr Qasem Memorial Exhibition 1956"
1043:. Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher.
1032:
1030:
862:
860:
858:
856:
725:
697:
3684:South African allegation of genocide
956:Tapper, Aaron J. Hahn (2016-06-07).
846:
844:
774:
772:
770:
301:Malinki later testified as follows:
3755:Israeli criticism of the occupation
1758:Penn State International Law Review
1262:
368:
13:
1425:. 21 November 1957. Archived from
1027:
853:
14:
3890:
3879:Events that led to courts-martial
3854:Israeli massacres of Palestinians
3403:
2776:Attacks against Israeli civilians
2151:Palestine Liberation Organization
1771:
867:Aderet, Ofer (October 11, 2018).
841:
767:
293:Defendants of Kafr Qasim massacre
3576:Agreement on Movement and Access
3507:US security assistance to the PA
3429:Palestinian expulsion and flight
2968:1983 West Bank fainting epidemic
2086:
77:
70:
3626:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
3614:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
3570:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
3054:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
2288:
1646:
1623:
1601:
1582:
1548:
1497:
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1410:
1392:
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1244:
1170:"×××× ××פ×Ø ×§××”×: ×× ×× × ×× ××Ø×× "
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1128:
1104:
1086:
1070:
1057:
1000:
976:
949:
933:
479:
3434:depopulated towns and villages
3219:Palestinian militancy campaign
1823:Kafr-qassem official Home page
1013:. Cambridge University Press.
831:
810:
716:
691:
149:49 (including an unborn child)
1:
3864:Massacres committed by Israel
1352:Joffre, Tzvi (29 July 2022).
685:
558:", explicitly referring to a
424:Negev Nuclear Research Center
249:
177:on 29 October 1956, when the
3721:
2075:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
1739:, pp. 169ā197, 310ā324.
1543:Slyomovics & Khleif 2008
1330:Ofer Aderet (May 30, 2022).
1311:Ofer Aderet (May 24, 2022).
962:. Univ of California Press.
700:The Modern History of Israel
516:
86:Kafr Qasim massacre (Israel)
7:
3869:October 1956 events in Asia
3095:Palestinian suicide attacks
3041:Palestinian suicide attacks
1238:Israeli Ministry of Defense
1232:Asher, Danny (April 2008).
1178:(in Hebrew). 5 October 2008
1079:Arab Palestinian Resistance
655:List of massacres in Israel
640:
284:
10:
3895:
3582:Valley of Peace initiative
3525:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
3207:Jerusalem bulldozer attack
3083:Palestinian rocket attacks
2146:All-Palestine Protectorate
1640:, Haaretz 26 October 2014.
670:Sabra and Shatila massacre
616:Islamic Movement in Israel
525:Sulha' meal, November 1957
3727:
3716:
3638:
3605:
3533:
3468:
3420:
3409:
3398:
3254:
3197:"Bringing Home the Goods"
3177:
3066:
3005:
2927:
2858:Avivim school bus bombing
2836:
2741:
2665:
2661:
2637:
2456:
2298:
2294:
2283:
2254:
2174:
2138:
2129:
2096:
2092:
2081:
2002:Shadia Abu Ghazala School
1871:
1656:, vol 35 (2003), 393ā416.
1629:Barak Ravid, Jack Khoury,
1593:. Haaretz. Archived from
907:Haaretz, 21 December 2007
324:Blessed be the true judge
153:
145:
133:
125:
107:
93:
66:
54:
46:
41:
3777:Timeline of anti-Zionism
3298:EgyptāGaza border breach
3203:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
2915:Misgav Am hostage crisis
1660:Robinson, Shira (2006).
1212:Rowman & Littlefield
930:Haaretz 27 October 2021.
741:The Arab Studies Journal
651:(1975 Syrian drama film)
254:On the first day of the
3362:"Guardian of the Walls"
3236:IsraelāPalestine crisis
1798:"Welcome To Kafr Qasem"
1767:, Vol II, 1985, 69ā118.
1250:Robinson (2003), p. 400
820:. Haaretz. Dec 21, 2007
511:Arab citizens of Israel
273:, under the command of
28:Infobox civilian attack
20:
3844:1956 murders in Israel
3501:GazaāJericho Agreement
3280:Gaza cross-border raid
3151:Ain es Saheb airstrike
3107:Israeli assassinations
2909:South Lebanon conflict
2883:Kiryat Shmona massacre
1990:Cave of the Patriarchs
1778:Kufur-Kassem home page
1377:Bilsky (2004), p. 170.
534:
526:
507:
351:
328:
294:
113:; 67 years ago
33:considered for merging
3815:32.11417Ā°N 34.97139Ā°E
3179:Palestinian dissident
3035:Temple Mount killings
2905:Coastal Road massacre
2591:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi
2166:Palestinian Authority
2106:Israel Defense Forces
2020:Nuseirat refugee camp
1555:Sorek, Tamir (2015).
1471:Georgetown University
1404:Sulha Research Center
735:Hajjar, Lisa (1994).
620:Abdullah Nimr Darwish
532:
524:
502:
347:
303:
292:
275:Israel Defense Forces
111:October 29, 1956
3874:Massacres of Muslims
3839:Israel Border Police
3691:Nicaragua v. Germany
3651:Palestine and the UN
3588:Annapolis Conference
3519:Wye River Memorandum
3342:Gaza border protests
3336:Freedom Flotilla III
3292:Beit Hanoun shelling
3276:Gaza beach explosion
2993:Night of the Gliders
2581:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
1802:Palestine Remembered
1597:on November 9, 2006.
698:Lucas, Noah (1975).
496:be disobeyed. Judge
457:Operation Hafarperet
447:Operation Hafarferet
271:Israel Border Police
204:, at that time, the
179:Israel Border Police
158:Israel Border Police
3811: /
3772:Racism in Palestine
3750:Criticism of Israel
3732:Anti-Palestinianism
3558:Quartet established
3442:Lausanne Conference
3324:"Pillar of Defense"
3230:Temple Mount crisis
3165:"Days of Penitence"
2949:Zion Square bombing
2782:Reprisal operations
2770:Fedayeen insurgency
2651:military operations
2418:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak
1817:Kafr Qasim massacre
1728:, pp. 298ā302.
1447:. 21 November 1957.
1283:The Times of Israel
806:. November 3, 2013.
675:Khan Yunis massacre
635:President of Israel
629:On 26 October 2014
608:President of Israel
533:Kafr Qasim memorial
492:illegal, and these
214:Jordanian West Bank
167:Kafr Qasim massacre
42:Kafr Qasim massacre
3820:32.11417; 34.97139
3745:Criticism of Hamas
3698:Israeli occupation
3597:Israel controversy
3546:Clinton Parameters
3505:1994āpresent
3448:Israeli settlement
3446:1967āpresent
3374:"Shield and Arrow"
3314:Gaza flotilla raid
3224:2015ā2016 violence
3133:"Defensive Shield"
2893:Savoy Hotel attack
2876:Lillehammer affair
2768:1948āpresent
2596:Ali Hassan Salameh
2393:Benjamin Netanyahu
2255:Third-party groups
1863:Massacres against
1793:, 30 October 2006)
1636:2015-04-23 at the
1613:2017-12-14 at the
1530:2012-03-09 at the
1510:"Susan Slyomovics"
1494:, p. 114-115.
1479:2012-04-03 at the
1358:The Jerusalem Post
1277:2017-12-29 at the
1207:2022-10-30 at the
1125:, 30 October 2006)
1117:2007-10-01 at the
1094:"Redirect support"
926:2021-10-27 at the
903:2009-08-05 at the
535:
527:
295:
267:hostile population
198:hostile population
169:took place in the
3849:Massacres in 1956
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3678:Wall construction
3669:UN Resolution 242
3663:UN Resolution 194
3657:UN Resolution 181
3646:Israel and the UN
3634:
3633:
3542:Camp David Summit
3483:Madrid Conference
3458:international law
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3330:"Protective Edge"
3250:
3249:
3173:
3172:
3145:"Determined Path"
3062:
3061:
3001:
3000:
2923:
2922:
2864:Sabena Flight 571
2832:
2831:
2822:Battle of Karameh
2780:1950sā1960s
2737:
2736:
2723:Jewish insurgency
2690:Battle of Tel Hai
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2388:Yitzhak Mordechai
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2250:
2249:
2237:Sabireen Movement
2121:Shabak (Shin Bet)
2041:
2040:
2032:Al-Tabaeen School
1978:Sabra and Shatila
1704:978-0-295-98794-1
1416:See for example:
1240:. pp. 48ā49.
1220:978-1-498-53973-9
1050:978-82-8348-118-1
1020:978-1-107-19338-3
969:978-0-520-28134-9
944:Righteous Victims
602:In October 2006,
416:Israeli President
163:
162:
3886:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3767:Racism in Israel
3718:
3717:
3620:Palestine Papers
3513:Hebron Agreement
3453:settler violence
3418:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3399:
3378:IsraelāHamas war
3346:November clashes
3320:"Returning Echo"
3265:
3264:
3186:
3185:
3161:Beit Hanoun raid
3141:Battle of Nablus
3073:
3072:
3012:
3011:
2932:
2931:
2887:Ma'alot massacre
2847:
2846:
2816:War of Attrition
2757:ArabāIsraeli War
2746:
2745:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2639:
2638:
2491:Marwan Barghouti
2323:David Ben-Gurion
2296:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2182:al-Aqsa Brigades
2136:
2135:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2044:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1782:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1620:26 October 2014.
1605:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1512:. Archived from
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:26 October 2014.
1269:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1223:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1108:
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1090:
1084:
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1055:
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1034:
1025:
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1004:
998:
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994:
980:
974:
973:
953:
947:
937:
931:
917:
908:
895:
886:
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883:
881:
864:
851:
848:
839:
835:
829:
828:
826:
825:
814:
808:
807:
800:
794:
793:
791:
790:
776:
765:
764:
732:
723:
720:
714:
713:
695:
550:party, national
390:David Ben-Gurion
369:Following events
229:David Ben Gurion
121:
119:
114:
81:
80:
74:
59:
39:
38:
36:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3829:
3828:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3723:
3704:
3630:
3624:2013ā2014
3601:
3529:
3487:1993ā1995
3475:1981ā1982
3464:
3405:
3382:
3368:"Breaking Dawn"
3306:2008ā2009
3288:"Autumn Clouds"
3261:
3258:
3246:
3242:Al-Aqsa clashes
3213:Al-Aqsa clashes
3182:
3180:
3169:
3137:Battle of Jenin
3068:Second Intifada
3058:
2997:
2960:Siege of Beirut
2919:
2868:Munich massacre
2843:
2840:
2828:
2814:1967ā1970
2804:Rafah massacres
2774:1951ā1967
2733:
2727:1947ā1948
2721:1944ā1947
2715:1936ā1939
2709:Hebron massacre
2704:Palestine riots
2685:Nebi Musa riots
2657:
2625:
2571:Abu Ali Mustafa
2526:Amin al-Husayni
2496:Mohammed Dahlan
2452:
2328:Naftali Bennett
2290:
2271:
2246:
2170:
2125:
2088:
2077:
2072:
2042:
2037:
1878: (1947ā48)
1876:Balad al-Shaykh
1867:
1861:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1780:
1774:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1649:
1644:
1638:Wayback Machine
1628:
1624:
1615:Wayback Machine
1606:
1602:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1532:Wayback Machine
1519:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1481:Wayback Machine
1468:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1343:
1328:
1324:
1309:
1298:
1294:Lipmann (2001).
1293:
1289:
1279:Wayback Machine
1270:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1209:Wayback Machine
1198:Gadi Hitman,
1197:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1119:Wayback Machine
1109:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1005:
1001:
992:
990:
982:
981:
977:
970:
954:
950:
938:
934:
928:Wayback Machine
918:
911:
905:Wayback Machine
896:
889:
879:
877:
865:
854:
849:
842:
836:
832:
823:
821:
816:
815:
811:
802:
801:
797:
788:
786:
784:Middle East Eye
778:
777:
768:
733:
726:
722:Bilsky, p. 310.
721:
717:
710:
696:
692:
688:
643:
582:, sponsored by
519:
498:Benjamin Halevy
482:
453:Ruvik Rosenthal
449:
436:Yaacov Lozowick
419:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
401:Benjamin Halevy
394:military police
371:
287:
252:
208:border between
136:
117:
115:
112:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:
62:
37:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3762:Media coverage
3759:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3694:
3686:
3680:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3640:
3639:United Nations
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
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3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3495:Paris Protocol
3491:
3485:
3479:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3444:
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3406:
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3383:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3294:
3284:"Summer Rains"
3271:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3153:
3147:
3123:
3115:
3113:October events
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3077:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3037:
3031:
3029:Bus 405 attack
3025:
3018:
3016:
3009:
3007:First Intifada
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2976:
2974:Bus 300 affair
2970:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2945:
2943:Yom Kippur War
2938:
2936:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2879:
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2853:
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2844:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2806:
2792:
2790:Qibya massacre
2786:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2752:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2735:
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2725:
2719:
2713:
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2700:
2694:
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2654:
2653:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2606:Ramadan Shalah
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:Nayef Hawatmeh
2518:
2516:Ismail Haniyeh
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Shabtai Shavit
2430:
2425:
2423:Yitzhak Shamir
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:Menachem Begin
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
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2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2242:Sons of Zouari
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2197:Jenin Brigades
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2026:Al-Awda School
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1936:Arab al-Mawasi
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
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1772:External links
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1686:
1674:
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1648:
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1581:
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1545:, p. 197.
1535:
1496:
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1460:, p. 103.
1450:
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1224:
1188:
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1134:Idith Zertal,
1127:
1103:
1098:Cambridge Core
1085:
1069:
1063:Idith Zertal,
1056:
1049:
1026:
1019:
999:
975:
968:
948:
932:
909:
887:
852:
850:Bilsky, p. 322
840:
830:
809:
795:
766:
724:
715:
708:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
680:Rafah massacre
677:
672:
667:
665:Qibya massacre
662:
657:
652:
642:
639:
597:Ibrahim Sarsur
518:
515:
486:illegal orders
481:
478:
448:
445:
370:
367:
286:
283:
251:
248:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
131:
130:
129:Arab villagers
127:
123:
122:
109:
105:
104:
95:
91:
90:
85:
76:
75:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3733:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3719:
3715:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3682:2023āpresent
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3612:2010ā11
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3596:
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3589:
3585:
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3573:
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3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
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3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:Diplomacy/law
3401:
3397:
3379:
3375:
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3359:
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3349:
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3333:
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3327:
3325:
3321:
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3315:
3311:
3309:
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3299:
3295:
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3266:
3263:
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3253:
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3216:
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3208:
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3200:
3198:
3194:
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3184:
3176:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
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3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3055:
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3042:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:Achille Lauro
2977:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2946:
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2797:
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2707:
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2699:
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2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Fathi Shaqaqi
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Salah Shehade
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Jibril Rajoub
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Zuheir Mohsen
2564:
2562:
2561:Khaled Mashal
2559:
2557:
2556:Sheikh Khalil
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:George Habash
2504:
2502:
2501:Mohammed Deif
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Yasser Arafat
2479:
2477:
2476:Moussa Arafat
2474:
2472:
2471:Mahmoud Abbas
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Moshe Ya'alon
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Yitzhak Rabin
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Efraim Halevy
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
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2319:
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2297:
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2265:
2263:
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2257:
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2243:
2240:
2238:
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2233:
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2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
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2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:Israel Police
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:Tel al-Sultan
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1972:Tel al-Zaatar
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:Ein al-Zeitun
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1846:
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1838:
1835:
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1814:
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1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:0-85345-406-X
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:0-472-03037-X
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:0-8050-6660-8
1723:
1719:
1716:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1675:0-253-21798-9
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1570:
1568:9780804795203
1564:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1516:on 2011-03-08
1515:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1492:Robinson 2006
1488:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1458:Robinson 2006
1454:
1446:
1442:
1429:on 2012-07-09
1428:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1387:Robinson 2006
1383:
1374:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1247:
1239:
1236:(in Hebrew).
1235:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1099:
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1080:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1003:
989:
985:
979:
971:
965:
961:
960:
952:
945:
941:
936:
929:
925:
922:
919:Noa Shpigel,
916:
914:
906:
902:
899:
894:
892:
876:
875:
870:
863:
861:
859:
857:
847:
845:
834:
819:
813:
805:
799:
785:
781:
775:
773:
771:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
731:
729:
719:
711:
709:0-275-33450-3
705:
701:
694:
690:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
650:
649:
645:
644:
638:
636:
632:
631:Reuven Rivlin
627:
623:
621:
617:
612:
609:
605:
600:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
531:
523:
514:
512:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
477:
475:
469:
467:
462:
461:Avraham Tamir
458:
454:
444:
441:
437:
431:
429:
425:
420:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
366:
362:
360:
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:
335:
331:
327:
325:
321:
317:
316:Allah Yarhamu
313:
308:
302:
299:
291:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
247:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
224:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
138:
132:
128:
124:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
73:
65:
58:
53:
50:
45:
40:
34:
30:
29:
25:
19:
3796:
3689:
3594:
3489:Oslo Accords
3376: /
3356:"Black Belt"
3354: /
3344: /
3322: /
3302:"Hot Winter"
3300: /
3290: /
3286: /
3282: /
3278: /
3268:2006āpresent
3205: /
3189:2006āpresent
3163: /
3159: /
3143: /
3139: /
3135: /
3131: /
3127:
3119:
2987:"Wooden Leg"
2985: /
2980:
2907: /
2899:Entebbe raid
2885: /
2870: /
2866: /
2802: /
2798: /
2795:
2621:Ahmed Yassin
2616:Ahlam Tamimi
2551:Leila Khaled
2546:Salah Khalaf
2536:Ahmed Jibril
2531:Ghazi Jabali
2511:Wadie Haddad
2486:Yahya Ayyash
2458:Palestinians
2428:Ariel Sharon
2403:Shimon Peres
2353:Yuval Diskin
2175:Other groups
2131:Palestinians
2087:Participants
2034: (2024)
2028: (2024)
2022: (2024)
2016: (2024)
2010: (2024)
2004: (2023)
1998: (2021)
1996:Wehda Street
1992: (1994)
1986: (1990)
1980: (1982)
1974: (1976)
1968: (1956)
1962: (1956)
1956: (1956)
1953:
1950: (1953)
1944: (1948)
1938: (1948)
1932: (1948)
1926: (1948)
1920: (1948)
1914: (1948)
1908: (1948)
1902: (1948)
1896: (1948)
1890: (1948)
1884: (1948)
1865:Palestinians
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1785:Yoav Stern:
1764:
1760:, Fall 2001.
1757:
1743:Sabri Jiryis
1708:. Retrieved
1694:
1679:. Retrieved
1665:
1653:
1647:Bibliography
1625:
1603:
1595:the original
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1557:
1550:
1538:
1518:. Retrieved
1514:the original
1499:
1487:
1465:
1453:
1444:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1422:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1382:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:
1335:
1325:
1316:
1290:
1255:
1246:
1233:
1227:
1200:
1180:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1155:
1135:
1130:
1110:Yoav Stern:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1039:
1009:
1002:
991:. Retrieved
987:
978:
958:
951:
943:
940:Benny Morris
935:
878:. Retrieved
872:
833:
822:. Retrieved
812:
798:
787:. Retrieved
783:
747:(1): 44ā50.
744:
740:
718:
699:
693:
646:
628:
624:
611:Shimon Peres
601:
591:
579:
575:
555:
540:Esawi Freije
539:
536:
508:
503:
493:
489:
483:
480:Legal impact
470:
450:
432:
413:
408:
404:
398:
382:Tawfik Toubi
372:
363:
355:
352:
348:
343:
336:
332:
329:
315:
304:
300:
296:
279:the Triangle
264:
253:
236:Shimon Peres
233:
225:
218:
195:
171:Israeli Arab
166:
164:
154:Perpetrators
47:Part of the
26:
18:
3818: /
3595:Aftonbladet
3552:Taba Summit
3352:May clashes
3257:GazaāIsrael
3039:1990s
2955:Lebanon War
2874:(1973
2839:Palestinian
2810:Six-Day War
2717:Arab revolt
2698:Jaffa riots
2443:Danny Yatom
2408:Yaakov Peri
2398:Ehud Olmert
2383:Shaul Mofaz
2373:Tzipi Livni
2358:Benny Gantz
2348:Avi Dichter
2343:Moshe Dayan
2308:Moshe Arens
2289:Individuals
2262:Arab League
1906:Al-Dawayima
1882:Deir Yassin
1781:(in Arabic)
1156:www.art.net
880:November 7,
552:trade union
466:Moshe Dayan
386:Meir Vilner
173:village of
135:Attack type
49:Suez Crisis
22:ā¹ The
3833:Categories
3806:34Ā°58ā²17ā³E
3741:Criticism
3696:2023ā2024
3673:ICJ cases
3667:1967
3661:1948
3655:1947
3618:2011
3592:2009
3586:2007
3580:2006
3574:2005
3568:2005
3562:2003
3556:2002
3550:2001
3540:2000
3523:1999
3517:1998
3511:1997
3499:1994
3493:1994
3481:1991
3440:1949
3427:1948
3372:2023
3366:2022
3360:2021
3350:2019
3340:2018
3334:2015
3328:2014
3318:2012
3312:2010
3296:2008
3274:2006
3240:2022
3234:2021
3228:2017
3217:2010
3211:2009
3201:2008
3195:2006
3155:2004
3149:2003
3125:2002
3117:2001
3111:2000
3052:1994
3033:1990
3027:1989
3023:Tunis raid
3021:1988
2991:1987
2978:1985
2972:1984
2966:1983
2953:1982
2947:1975
2941:1973
2913:1980
2903:1978
2897:1976
2891:1975
2881:1974
2862:1972
2856:1970
2841:insurgency
2820:1968
2808:1967
2800:Khan Yunis
2796:Kafr Qasim
2794:1956
2788:1953
2755:1948
2702:1929
2696:1921
2667:Background
2378:Golda Meir
2368:Dan Halutz
2338:Meir Dagan
2318:Ehud Barak
2313:Ami Ayalon
2202:Lions' Den
2139:Principals
1984:Oyoun Qara
1960:Khan Yunis
1954:Kafr Qasim
1894:Abu Shusha
1821:Rami Issa:
1815:Rami Issa:
1807:21 October
1710:2016-03-18
1681:2016-03-18
1579:, p. 90-91
1574:2016-03-18
1520:2012-02-03
1433:2012-02-03
1182:2023-09-16
993:2022-11-14
824:2013-11-03
789:2022-11-14
686:References
648:Kafr kasem
604:Yuli Tamir
576:al-Ittihad
490:manifestly
474:Green Line
250:Background
240:Joint List
202:Green Line
181:killed 49
175:Kafr Qasim
118:1956-10-29
98:Kafr Qasim
3803:32Ā°6ā²51ā³N
3477:Fahd Plan
3421:1948ā1991
3181:campaigns
3157:"Rainbow"
3120:Santorini
3076:2000ā2005
3015:1987ā1991
2983:hijacking
2935:1973ā1987
2872:"Bayonet"
2850:1968ā1982
2762:massacres
2749:1948ā1970
2729:Civil War
2675:1920ā1948
2576:Abu Nidal
2541:Abu Jihad
2466:Abu Abbas
2448:Zvi Zamir
2267:Hezbollah
1718:Tom Segev
1222:pp. 70ā71
753:1083-4753
618:, Sheikh
580:al-Mirsad
568:Histadrut
517:Memorials
407:, i.e. a
375:communist
359:Jaljuliya
322:phrase, '
191:Sinai War
31:is being
3722:Analysis
3564:Road Map
3414:Timeline
3308:Gaza War
3259:conflict
3128:Karine A
2646:Timeline
2300:Israelis
2187:Children
2098:Israelis
1791:Ha'aretz
1634:Archived
1611:Archived
1528:Archived
1477:Archived
1363:8 August
1275:Archived
1205:Archived
1123:Ha'aretz
1115:Archived
946:, p. 289
924:Archived
901:Archived
761:27933635
641:See also
380:Members
307:guerilla
285:Timeline
256:Suez War
212:and the
206:de facto
140:Massacre
94:Location
35:. āŗ
24:template
2227:PFLP-GC
1930:Eilabun
1912:Tantura
1336:Haaretz
1317:Haaretz
1214:, 2016
1175:Haaretz
1138:p. 172.
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874:Haaretz
560:Bedouin
544:Knesset
440:Haaretz
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102:Israel
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3676:2004
3606:2010s
3534:2000s
3469:1990s
3088:lists
2681:1920
2161:Hamas
2156:Fatah
2008:Flour
1966:Rafah
1948:Qibya
1900:Lydda
1445:Davar
757:JSTOR
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572:Davar
556:sulha
548:Mapai
428:Ramla
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260:Egypt
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3100:list
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2192:DFLP
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1747:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1722:ISBN
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1670:ISBN
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1365:2022
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838:318.
749:ISSN
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588:MAKI
586:and
578:and
494:must
384:and
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