272:
45:
29:
52:
326:
conducted a thorough inspection of the camp and executed about 30 Jews who could not account for their presence at the camp. The inspections were carried out a few more times. In
November, Kailis received a new commander, SS-man Richter. He instituted a greater control of the camp and compiled a list
250:
papers and later, in effect, became director of the factory. At the time, the factory had 448 workers. Together with family members (a total of about 800–1,000 people), they lived in two large buildings at the factory site. It was a relatively safe place; the workers were one of the first to receive
302:. The census counted 1,016 people from 348 families at Kailis. 1942 was the "quiet period" which provided an opportunity to establish some cultural life at the camp. The Jews established a school for children, a small library, sports competitions. The camp had its own Jewish police and clinic.
350:. On 3 July 1944, remaining workers of Kailis were rounded up, transported to Ponary, and executed. In total, about 2,000–2,500 Jews from various camps were executed in Ponary that day.
314:
and two other small groups remained in the city. The population of Kailis swelled up. Many Jews used the camp as a temporary refuge before finding a better hideout or joining the
374:
The building is located on the corner of Didžioji st. and Etmonų st. Before 2011, it had a dual address of Didžioji st. 29 and Etmonų st. 1. In Polish, the street was known as
344:
where they were used as blood and skin donors for injured German soldiers. On 20 April, 80 workers from Kailis were taken to Ponary to exhume and burn corpses according to the
237:. For example, on 9 September, the director successfully petitioned the German administration to dedicate four houses within the ghetto to workers of Kailis.
186:. It was based on a pre-war fur and leather factory and mostly produced winter clothing for the German military. At its peak, after the liquidation of the
287:(FPO), but Isaak Kowalski stated that it was an accident. During the investigation, Germans discovered that Glik was a Jew and executed him and his wife.
1221:
82:
560:
484:"Dėl adresų (Panevėžio g. 14/a. Jaroševičiaus g. 22 ir kt.) keitimo Vilniaus miesto savivaldybėje, Naujininkų seniūnijoje. Įsakymas Nr. A30-120"
1272:
1231:
334:. They were taken to the train station; their further fate is not known. Without a concrete evidence of their fate, various rumors spread. The
715:
1262:
217:. The three fur factories Furs, Nutria, and Ursus were consolidated and merged into one fur factory. One factory was located behind the
44:
1257:
1061:
583:
506:
1137:
682:
627:
210:
440:
1132:
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284:
229:. Its director took measures to protect factory workers who were mostly Jewish from the atrocities committed in the
1267:
1226:
459:
1147:
327:
of its residents. The list contained about 1,350 names, though another 100 or so were too afraid to register.
209:
There were several fur and leather workshops and factories in
Vilnius, most of them owned by Jews. After the
483:
880:
701:
331:
190:
in
September 1943, the camp housed about 1,500 Jews. The camp was liquidated and its workers executed at
240:
On 5 October 1941, the factory was moved to the larger premises of the evacuated radio receiver factory
1066:
724:
298:
994:
1236:
1163:
1076:
775:
336:
311:
279:
On 18 January 1942, the factory suffered a major fire. The cause is not entirely clear. According to
1173:
780:
755:
750:
875:
770:
765:
760:
999:
330:
On 27 March 1944, the camp's children under age 16 were rounded up in an operation commanded by
1203:
175:
672:
647:
622:(in Lithuanian). Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimų centras. pp. 41–42.
392:
1277:
292:
805:
271:
1183:
918:
835:
222:
1081:
8:
1071:
870:
1188:
958:
953:
865:
830:
652:. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. pp. 158, 443.
28:
1198:
948:
923:
678:
653:
623:
465:
346:
280:
218:
198:
649:
Ghetto in Flames: The
Struggle and Destruction of the Jews in Vilna in the Holocaust
1014:
516:
315:
1009:
263:. Ghetto inhabitants considered Kailis workers as "privileged" and resented them.
1142:
1029:
1024:
968:
903:
810:
260:
234:
191:
1122:
444:
1056:
963:
815:
179:
310:
In August–September 1943, Vilna Ghetto was liquidated and only the Kailis and
225:
in June 1941, the factory was given orders to produce winter clothing for the
1251:
1127:
1102:
943:
933:
928:
908:
850:
840:
740:
693:
657:
469:
388:
246:
244:. The move was arranged by Oscar Glik, an Austrian Jew who managed to obtain
133:
97:
84:
820:
1208:
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The two blocks were at M. Mindaugienės st. 7/8 and M. Mindaugienės st. 15.
1004:
938:
855:
845:
1193:
418:
387:
Elektrit was located at present-day Ševčenkos street. In 1941, it was
461:
Vilniaus miesto istorija nuo Spalio revoliucijos iki dabartinių dienų
365:
Nutria was located in Paupys district (present-day Paupio street 28).
226:
76:
341:
241:
195:
671:
Ehrenburg, Ilya; Grossman, Vasily (2009). Patterson, David (ed.).
618:
Bubnys, Arūnas (2011). "Vilniaus žydų žudynės ir
Vilniaus getas".
171:
72:
417:
The first was about 70 Jewish working at a military hospital in
561:"Vilniaus geto darbo stovyklos ir 1942 m. gyventojų surašymas"
443:(in Lithuanian). AB "Vilniaus kailiai". 2010. Archived from
486:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius City Municipality. 25 January 2011
421:
and the second was about 60 Jews working for the
Gestapo.
322:, about 600 Jews passed through the camp. On 15 October,
340:
published a testimony that the children were taken to
677:(4th ed.). Transaction Publishers. p. 257.
59:
Location of Kailis forced labor camp within
Lithuania
563:(in Lithuanian). The Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum
670:
1249:
51:
391:street. Before that it was named after General
290:In May 1942, Germans conducted a census in the
266:
1232:List of Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations
723:
709:
16:Nazi concentration camp for Jews in Lithuania
716:
702:
125:Forced labor, imprisonment, mass shootings
27:
664:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
581:
558:
275:A miniature fur jacket produced at Kailis
674:The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry
554:
504:
270:
1222:Occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany
641:
639:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
457:
213:in June 1940, private enterprises were
1250:
1062:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police battalions
617:
598:
584:"Slaptos T. Ševčenkos loftų istorijos"
464:(in Lithuanian). Mintis. p. 130.
451:
433:
1273:Nazi concentration camps in Lithuania
697:
194:on 3 July 1944, just ten days before
645:
636:
575:
531:
498:
476:
170:) was a Nazi labor camp for Jews in
1263:1944 disestablishments in Lithuania
33:Former building of the camp in 2001
13:
620:Holokaustas Lietuvoje 1941-1944 m.
582:Regelskis, Dalius (3 March 2015).
14:
1289:
1098:Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje
285:Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje
1258:1941 establishments in Lithuania
1227:History of the Jews in Lithuania
559:Guzenberg, Irina (2 July 2008).
204:
50:
43:
411:
402:
221:. Almost immediately after the
381:
368:
359:
305:
283:, it was a sabotage action by
259:– round ups for executions at
1:
427:
318:in the forests. According to
117:5 October 1941 to 3 July 1944
515:(in Russian). Archived from
7:
746:Related articles by country
586:(in Lithuanian). Mano namai
397:ulica Generała Szeptyckiego
255:) that protected them from
10:
1294:
1067:Lithuanian Security Police
725:The Holocaust in Lithuania
312:HKP 562 forced labor camps
299:Reichskommissariat Ostland
1237:Songs of the Vilna Ghetto
1217:
1164:HKP 562 forced labor camp
1156:
1115:
1090:
1049:
1042:
977:
889:
796:
789:
731:
223:German invasion of Russia
149:
139:
129:
121:
113:
67:
38:
26:
21:
1174:Kauen concentration camp
1169:Kailis forced labor camp
1138:Ninth Fort November 1941
507:
458:Žiugžda, Juozas (1972).
353:
160:Kailis forced labor camp
22:Kailis forced labor camp
1268:Vilnius in World War II
876:Franz Walter Stahlecker
505:Shevelev, Igor (2007).
251:work permits (known as
1133:Kaunas 29 October 1941
646:Arad, Yitshak (1980).
276:
176:Second Polish Republic
293:Generalbezirk Litauen
274:
98:54.67639°N 25.26639°E
71:Ševčenkos street 16,
1000:Bronislovas Paukštys
919:Shmerke Kaczerginski
836:Aleksandras Lileikis
1072:Rollkommando Hamann
871:Rudolf Joachim Seck
447:on 3 February 2003.
393:Stanisław Szeptycki
389:Mortos Mindaugienės
94: /
1189:Marcinkonys Ghetto
995:Petronėlė Lastienė
959:Yitzhak Wittenberg
954:Elchonon Wasserman
866:Adrian von Renteln
831:Algirdas Klimaitis
806:Algimantas Dailidė
277:
267:The "quiet period"
166:is Lithuanian for
103:54.67639; 25.26639
1245:
1244:
1204:Švenčionys Ghetto
1111:
1110:
1082:Ypatingasis būrys
1038:
1037:
949:Abraham Sutzkever
924:Zelig Kalmanovich
797:Perpetrators and
684:978-0-7658-0543-0
629:978-609-8037-13-5
347:Sonderaktion 1005
281:Abraham Sutzkever
219:Vilnius Town Hall
211:Soviet occupation
199:captured the city
157:
156:
1285:
1128:Kaunas June 1941
1047:
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316:Jewish partisans
153:About 1,000 Jews
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1241:
1213:
1199:Šiauliai Ghetto
1184:Lukiškės Prison
1152:
1107:
1086:
1034:
1030:Jan Zwartendijk
1025:Chiune Sugihara
973:
969:Wolf Durmashkin
904:Alexander Bogen
891:
885:
811:Erich Ehrlinger
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412:
407:
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386:
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376:ulica Hetmańska
373:
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269:
235:Ponary massacre
207:
102:
100:
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63:
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5:
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1125:
1119:
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1113:
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1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1077:TDA battalions
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:Einsatzgruppen
1053:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
990:Anna Borkowska
987:
981:
979:
975:
974:
972:
971:
966:
964:Jacob Wygodzki
961:
956:
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946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
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868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:Joachim Hamann
813:
808:
802:
800:
791:
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778:
773:
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728:
721:
720:
713:
706:
698:
691:
690:
683:
663:
635:
628:
597:
574:
530:
508:Улицы Вильнюса
497:
475:
450:
431:
429:
426:
424:
423:
410:
401:
380:
367:
357:
355:
352:
307:
304:
268:
265:
206:
203:
180:Lithuanian SSR
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
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115:
111:
110:
69:
65:
64:
58:
49:
48:
42:
41:
40:
39:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1290:
1279:
1276:
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1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
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1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1148:Švenčionėliai
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1103:Paper Brigade
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:Antanas Poška
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
980:
976:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
944:Ephraim Oshry
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Rozka Korczak
932:
930:
929:Vitka Kempner
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:Josef Glazman
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
888:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:Jonas Noreika
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:Hinrich Lohse
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
799:collaborators
795:
792:
788:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
744:
742:
741:The Holocaust
739:
734:
733:
730:
726:
719:
714:
712:
707:
705:
700:
699:
696:
686:
680:
676:
675:
667:
659:
655:
651:
650:
642:
640:
631:
625:
621:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
585:
578:
562:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
519:on 4 May 2008
518:
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485:
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471:
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254:
253:yellow Schein
249:
248:
247:Volksdeutsche
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
205:Establishment
202:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
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173:
169:
165:
161:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:Organizations
128:
124:
122:Incident type
120:
116:
112:
107:
78:
74:
70:
66:
46:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1278:Vilna Ghetto
1209:Vilna Ghetto
1179:Kovno Ghetto
1168:
1123:Jäger Report
1050:Perpetrators
1020:Anton Schmid
985:Kazys Binkis
914:Jay M. Ipson
899:Chaim Yellin
881:Martin Weiss
861:Helmut Rauca
826:Bruno Kittel
736:Main article
673:
666:
648:
619:
588:. Retrieved
577:
565:. Retrieved
521:. Retrieved
517:the original
512:
500:
488:. Retrieved
478:
460:
453:
445:the original
435:
413:
404:
396:
383:
375:
370:
361:
345:
335:
332:Martin Weiss
329:
324:Bruno Kittel
320:Yitzhak Arad
309:
297:
291:
289:
278:
256:
252:
245:
239:
231:Vilna Ghetto
215:nationalized
208:
188:Vilna Ghetto
184:World War II
167:
163:
159:
158:
144:Vilna Ghetto
1015:Ona Šimaitė
1005:Karl Plagge
939:Abba Kovner
890:Victims and
856:Mike Pasker
846:Franz Murer
306:Liquidation
178:, post-war
101: /
1252:Categories
1194:Ninth Fort
1091:Resistance
892:resistance
821:Karl Jäger
513:О Вильнюсе
441:"Istorija"
428:References
419:Antakalnis
337:Black Book
89:25°15′59″E
86:54°40′35″N
658:499443649
470:551459086
227:Wehrmacht
182:) during
174:(pre-war
77:Lithuania
978:Rescuers
776:Slovakia
242:Elektrit
196:Red Army
68:Location
781:Ukraine
756:Estonia
751:Belarus
296:of the
257:Aktions
172:Vilnius
150:Victims
134:Nazi SS
73:Vilnius
1157:Places
1143:Ponary
1116:Events
1043:Groups
790:People
771:Russia
766:Poland
761:Latvia
681:
656:
626:
590:1 July
567:1 July
523:1 July
490:1 July
468:
342:Kraków
261:Ponary
192:Ponary
164:kailis
140:Ghetto
354:Notes
679:ISBN
654:OCLC
624:ISBN
592:2017
569:2017
525:2017
492:2017
466:OCLC
233:and
114:Date
168:fur
1254::
638:^
600:^
533:^
511:.
399:).
201:.
75:,
717:e
710:t
703:v
687:.
660:.
632:.
594:.
571:.
527:.
494:.
472:.
395:(
378:.
162:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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